11/25/2016 CoCOralExamPreparation:(Part15):Fire&Safety|MarineStudy

MarineStudy

CoCOralExamPreparation:(Part15):Fire&Safety
PostedonJanuary7,2016byMarineStudy

FireHose:

1.Atleastonefirehoseforeachofthehydrantsandhoseshallbeusedonlyforextinguishingfiresandtesting
purposes.(PassengerShip)
2.Oneforeach30mlengthofshipandonespare,butnotlessthan5inall.(CargoShip=or>1000GT)andship
carryingdangerousgoodsshallbeprovided3hoses&nozzlesinadditiontothoserequiredaboveandcargo
ship<1000GT,shallbeprovidednolessthan3firehoses&nozzles.
3.2diameterand30ftor60ft.length.
4.NozzleforER12mm,16mmand19mmsizeandshallbeapprovedforduelpurpose(jet/spray)incorporating
shutoffvalve.
5.Firehosesshallhavealengthofatleast10m,butnotmorethan:

15minmachineryspaces
20minotherspacesandopendecksand
25mforopendecksonshipswithamaximumbreadthinexcessof30m.

PressureofFireHydrant:

Twopumpssimultaneouslydeliveringthroughnozzlesminimumpressuresshallbemaintainedatall
hydrants:

1.Passengership=or>4000GT:0.40N/mm.
2.Passengerships<4000GT:0.30N/mm.
3.Cargoship=or>6000GT:0.27N/mm.
4.Cargoship<6000GT:0.25N/mm(SOLASChII2Reg10Para2.1.6)

DiameterofFireMainandWaterServicePipeneedonlybesufficientforeffectivedistributionofthe
maximumrequireddischargeof140m/hrfrom2FirePumpsoperatingsimultaneously.(SOLASChII2Reg
10Para2.1.3)

Firepumps:
Requirements:

1.Pressurerequirements:Firepumpsshallbecapableofgivingaquantityofwater,forfirefightingpurpose,
atfollowingminimumpressuresof:
A.Passengership=or>4000GT:0.40N/mm.
B.Passengerships<4000GT:0.30N/mm.
C.Cargoship=or>6000GT:0.27N/mm.
D.Cargoship<6000GT:0.25N/mm(SOLASChII2Reg10Para2.1.6)

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2.TotalCapacityofrequiredFirePumps:

Forpassengerships,firepumpsshallbecapableofgivingaquantityofwater,forfirefightingpurpose,not
lessthan2/3rdofthequantitygivenbybilgepumps.
Forcargoships,firepumpsshallbecapableofgivingaquantityofwater,forfirefightingpurpose,notless
than4/3rdofthequantitygivenbybilgepumpsinapassengershipofsamedimension,providedthattotal
requiredcapacityoffirepumpsneednottoexceed180m/hrincargoship.

3.CapacityofeachFirePump:Eachofrequiredfirepumps(otherthanemergencyfirepump)forcargo
shipsshallhaveacapacitynotlessthan80%ofthetotalrequiredcapacitydividedbyminimumnumberof
requiredfirepumpsbutnotlessthan25m3/hrwithatleastdischargeofwaterwith2jets.

4.TotalnumberofFirePumps:

InPassengerShips=or>4000GT:atleast3firepumpsand<4000GT:atleast2firepumpsshallbe
provided.
InCargoShips=or>1000GT:atleast2firepumpsand<1000GT:atleast2powerdrivenpumps,and1of
whichshallbeindependentlydrivenfirepumpshallbeprovided.

5.Sanitary,ballast,bilgeorGeneralservicepumpsmaybeacceptedasfirepumps,providedthattheyarenot
normallyusedforpumpingoilfuel,andsuitablechangeoverarrangementsarefittediftheyaresubjectedto
occasionaldutiesforpumpingoilfuel.

EmergencyFirePump:

1.Locatedoutsidemachineryspace.
2.NodirectaccesspermittedbetweenmachineryspaceandspacecontainingEmergencyFirePump.
3.Capacity:atleast40%oftotalcapacityoffirepumps,requiredbyregulation,andinnocaselessthan25
m/hr.
4.Pressure:sufficienttosupplywaterof40fthorizontalthrow,from2numbersofdia.waterjets,from
hosesofstandardsizeandlength,whichareconnectedtoanypartoftheship.
5.Totalsuctionheadandnetpositivesuctionheadshallbesuchthat,minimum25m/hrcapacity,2waterjets
of40fthorizontalthrow,shallbeobtained,underallconditionsoflist,trim,rollandpitch.
6.Ifdieselenginedriven:

Itisselfcooled.
Easilystartedincoldcondition[0C]byhandcranking.
Fuelservicetankmusthavesufficientcapacityforatleast3houroperation,fullload.
Sufficientreservesavailableoutsidemachineryspace,foradditional15hour,fullload.

7.Ifmotordriven:

Twosourcesofpowersupplyprovided.
Poweroperatedemergencyfirepump,withsourceofpowerandseaconnection,mustbelocatedoutside
machineryspace.

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SprinklerSystem:

1.ByRegulation,passengershipscarryingmorethan36personsshallbeprovidedwithAutomaticSprinkler
System.
2.Generallyusedonlytoprotectlivingquarters,passagewaysandpublicspaces.

Operation:

1.Eachsprinklerheadprovidedwithaquartzoidvalve,whichsealstheoutletofwaterpipe.
2.Valveispartiallyfilledwithspecialfluid,sothatariseinroomtemperaturewillexpandtheliquidandthevalve
willburst.
3.WaterunderpressurewillflowoutfromSprinklerSystem.(58barspressureismaintainedinFWpressure
tankbyairpressure.)
4.Sprinklerheadcancoverafloorareaofabout12mwithwaterpressureof58bars.
5.PressuredropintankactivatesthepumpstotakeoverandsupplywaterfromFWholdingtank.Whenholding
tankbecomeempty,SWpumpscomeintoactionautomatically.

Regulations
1.No:ofheadsnotmorethan200persection.
2.Headsarespacednotmorethan4metersapart.
3.Atleast2sourcesofpowersupplytoAutomaticalarmsystemandSWpump.

Advantages:
1.Selffiredetection,andimmediateandautomaticoperationatalltime
2.Notharmfultohuman.
3.Noneedtosealthespace.
4.Noneedtocleanthemedia,afteruse.

Varioussprinklerheadcolour:RedYellowGreenBluePurple
Quartzoidvalvewillburstat:68C79C93C141C182C

Inertgas:

1.Thegaswhichdoesnotsupportcombustionisinertgas,suchasCO,N,andboilerfluegascontaining<11%
O.
2.Tankersof20,000DWTandabove,providedwithFixedInertGasSystem.
a)Topreventaccumulationofexplosivemixturesincargotanks,duringballastvoyageandduringtank
operations.
b)Tominimiserisksofignitionbystaticelectricitygeneratedbythesystemitself.
3.Inertgasisusedonlyinfixedinstallationsandlargeborepipingareusedduetolowpressureofthegas.
4.Mainfunctionisessentiallyfirepreventivebyprovidinganinertatmosphere.
5.Inertgasinstallationisnotacceptableinmachineryspaces.

InertGasComposition:

N~80%byvolume:

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CO~14%:
O~(25)%:
Watervapourat20C~2%:
CO~0.01%:
SO~0.005%:
Nitrousgases~0.02%:
Soot~50mg/m

Inertgasgenerator:

1.Consistsofhorizontalbricklinedcombustionchamber,surroundedbywaterjacket,andpressurisedabout0.3
0.6bar.
2.Burnerislitbyhightensionelectrodesandoilpressureiscontrolledbyregulatorwithcontrolvalve.
3.Dieselenginedrivesfuelpump,airblower,andelectricgeneratorwhichdrivesSWpump.
4.ExcessCandSgasesareremoved,andtemperaturereducedto2CaboveSWtemperature,inverticalwashing
andcoolingchamber,inwhichwatersprayersarefitted.
5.ControlpanelhasCOrecorder,pressuregauges,andwaterandfuelsystemalarms.
6.Inertgascanbereleasedtoanyspace,at125%ofshipsmaximumrateofdischargecapacity,involume.

ExtinguishingMedia:

Water:Coolingandsmotheringbysteam.
Foam:Combinedeffectofcoolingandsmothering.
CO:Smotheringandinhibition.
DryPower:Extinguishedbyinhibition(breakingchainreaction.)
InertGas:Firepreventive,byprovidinganinertatmosphere.

Whenfirebreaksout:

1.Activatefirealarmoremergencyalarm,assoonasnoticingofbreakoutoffire.
2.Findtheoriginoffire,CEandallERmembersinformed.
3.Restrictit,andextinctitonthespotwithportableextinguishersandbyothermeans.
4.Verifytheclassoffireanddecidethetypeofextinguishingagents,whichshouldbeused.
5.Initialattackmustbebackedupwithsecondmoresubstantialmeansofattack.
[i.e.SemiportableorFiremain,followsafterportableones.]
6.Watermustbeusedprudently,sinceshipsstabilitycanbeaffected.
7.Fixedinstallationisabackup,usedasalastresort.UsageoffixedinstallationinERfirecancauselossofpower
andsteering,foralongperiodoftimes.
8.Fixedfirefightinginstallationsystemcanbeusedasinitialattackoncargoholdfire.
9.Firemustbeconfinedtothespace,inwhichoriginated[bycontrollingflowofair,bycoolingadjacent
bulkheads,andbydirectingextinguishingagentsontofire].
10.Finallyafterfireisout,overhaulingbegins,andcheckstructuraldamages.
11.Allfirefightingequipmentreplenished.
12.Causeoffiretobedetermined,andactiontakentopreventreoccurrenceofsametypeoffire.

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Iffireisconsiderableandimmense:

1.Soundfirealarmsystem.
2.EvacuateallERstaff,countthemandassignthemasperMusterList.
3.Remotestoppingofallfuelpumps,tobedone.
4.Remoteclosingofallquickclosingvalves,tobedone.
5.RemoteclosingofallskylightdoorsandERwatertightdoors,tobedone.
6.RemoteclosingofallERventilationdampers,tobedone.
7.Primemoverandallmachinerytobestopped.
8.AllERentryandexitdoors,tobeclosedperfectly.
9.AllERventilationfans,tobestoppedmanually.
10.Fixedinstallationsystem,tobeoperatedbyCEor2/Einpropermanner.

FixedfireDetectionandAlarmSystem:

a)Thissystemwithmanualcallpointsmustbeabletooperateimmediatelyatalltimes.
b)Musthavetwosourcesofpowersupply,andvisualandaudiblealarmsforpowerfailure.
c)ControlpanelshouldbelocatedonBridge.
d)Heat,smokeorotherproductsofcombustion,flameoranycombinationofthesemayoperatedetector.

TypesofDetector:

Smokedetector:
1.Installedatstairways,corridor,escaperoutewithinAccommodationSpace.
2.AlsousedinCargospaceandMachineryspace
3.Maximumfloorareaperdetector=74m.
4.Max.distanceapart=11meters.
5.Max.distanceawayfrombulkhead=5.5m.
6.Photocellorlightscatteringtypes.

HeatDetector:
1.Maximumfloorareaperdetector=37m.
2.Max.Distanceapart=9meters.
3.Max.Distanceawayfrombulkhead=4.5m.
4.UsedBimetalstrip.
5.Fittedinboilerroom,laundry,ControlRoom,Galley.

FlameDetector:
1.UltraVioletorinfrared.
2.Fittednearfuelhandlingequipment.

CombustibleDetector:
1.Fittedingalley,ERfwdbulkheadadjacenttop/proomunderfloorplate.

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Firefightingfortanker:

Machineryspace:COorfoamfixedinstallation.
Cargodeckarea:Fixeddeckfoamsystemforcargodeckarea.
Pumproom:MustbeprotectedfromfixedinstallationofCOorfoam.
Accommodationfront:Water.

PaintLocker:

Paintandotherinflammableliquidlockersmustbeprotectedbyanappropriatefirefightingequipment.
Paintlockerisusuallyprotectedbypressurewaterspraysystemforboundarycooling,anddetectorshouldbe
flamedetector.

Detection,PreventionandExtinguishingoffireinERof5000tonvessel:

Detection:
1.Automaticfirealarmanddetectionsystemindicatespresenceoffireanditslocation.
2.IndicatorsarecentralisedinEngineCRandBridge,andalarmsignalsareaudibleandvisual.
3.Detectorsoperatewhenrateoftemperatureriseofsurroundingairreachessetlimitof145F(62.8C).
4.Humancommonsensessuchassight,smell,hearingandfeelingarealsogooddetection.

Prevention:
1.FireControlPlanissetoutinaccessiblepositioninCR.
2.ERpersonnelmusthavetrainingsuchastolocatethefire,toinform,restrict,andextinguishwithsuitable
appliances.
3.FireDrillcarriedoutonceaweek.ExerciseforabruptevacuationofERbeforereleasingCOmustalsobe
practised.
4.Weekendtestingandcheckingofemergencystops,quickclosingvalves,watertightdoors(remoteandlocal)
ventilationdampersandskylightdoors.
5.CleanlinessinERismostimportant.
6.Maintenanceofallfirefightingappliances.

Extinguishing:
1.Twoindependentlydrivenpowerpumpsandoneemergencypumpdrivenbyownenginewithdelivering
capacityofatleast25m/hr.each.
2.Twohydrants(portandstarboard)withspraynozzlefittedhose.(Minimumwaterpressure37psi.)
3.Internationalshoreconnection[outside7or178mm:inside2or64mm].
4.COfixedinstallationwhichdelivers85%ofgaswithin2minutes.
(TotalweightofCOperbottle:100lbs.or45kgs.)
5.Sixnos.portableextinguishers(2galor9.09litresFoam2nos.,
2galSodaAcid2nos.,13lbsor6kgsCO2nos.)
6.10galfrothtypeextinguisher1no.
7.10ftofsandinthebox.

Usageoftheabovementionedequipment:

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Oilfire:sand,foam,waterspray
Combustiblematerial:water,chemicalfoam,sodaacid
Electrical:COgasanddrypowder

Firecontrolplan:

1.Generalarrangementplanmustbepermanentlyexhibitedonboard,fortheguidanceofofficers.
2.Positionedoutsidethedeckhouse[oppositetogangwayofbothsides]inapermanentlywatertightenclosure
forassistanceofshorefirebrigade.
3.FireControlPlanincludes:

Firecontrolstations.
Variousfiresections,enclosedbybothClassAandClassBdivisions.
Particularsoffiredetectionandalarmsystem.
Sprinklerinstallationandfireextinguishingappliance.
Meansofescape.
Ventilationsystem,includingpositionsandnumbersoffancontrolsanddampers.

FireFightingAppliances(FFA):

1.Allportableandsemiportableextinguishers:Goodworkingorderensured,properlyplacedinERandalways
madehandy.
2.Fixedfirefightinginstallation:Alarmtestingandfunctiontestingonceaweek,compressedairblowingoflines
anddischargenozzles,contentstobeweighedandcheckedperiodically.
3.Emergencyfirepump:Goodworkingorderensured,weeklytestrunwithoutfailure.
4.Firedetection,monitoringandalarmsystem:Testedweeklywithoutanyfailure.
5.Allfirehydrantsandtheirconnection,sandboxesandscoops:Keptingoodworkingorder.
6.Firemansoutfits:2numbersingoodworkingorderandhandyatalltimes.
7.Internationalshoreconnection:Placedatproperlocation.
8.AllERmembers:Properlyeducatedaboutfirefightingappliancesandtheiroperation.
9.Firedrill:Carriedoutatleastonceamonth.

SafetyEquipment:

1.Portablefireextinguishers.
2.Semiportablefireextinguishers.
3.Fixedinstallation.
4.Detectionandmonitoringoffire.
5.Alarmsignallingoffire.
6.Firemansoutfits:
Personnelequipmentanaxe,lifeline,protectiveclothing,rigidhelmet,safetylamp(oxygencontentmeter),
portableelectricdrill,bootsandgloves.
BreathingApparatusatleast2nos:tobeprovided.
7.Emergencyfirepump:With2additionalmainfirepumps(Sanitary,Ballast,BilgeorGSpump),notnormally
usedforpumpingoilfuel.Suitablechangeoverarrangementfitted,iftheyareoccasionallyusedforpumpingoil.

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8.Firehoses,nozzlesof12mm/16mm/19mmdiameter[spray/jettype]andtheircontainerbox.
9.Escapeways,atleasttwonos.
10.Emergencygenerator.
11.Emergencylightingsystem(24VDC&220V/110VAC).
12.Inertgassystem.
13.Steeringgear.
14.CommunicationsystembetweenbridgetoER,andtosteeringgearroom.
15.Remoteclosingandstoppingoffueltanks,fuelpumps,ventilationfans,skylightdoor,watertightdoors,and
firedampers.
16.Internationalshoreconnection.
17.Lifeboat,Liferaft,LifebuoyandLifejacketwithilluminatingsource.
18.Navigationlighting(portandstarboard,Mainmast,Foremast,Stern,Anchor).
19.Pilotladderandlighting.
20.Gyrocompass,Echosounder,Directionfinder,Radaranditsalarmsystem.
21.Distresssignalflaresatleast12numbers.
22.Firstaidkit.
23.Signallingapparatus(daylightsignal,lightandpowersource,Forecastlebell,Gongandshipwhistles,Fog
horn).

ERFireFightingMedia:

Forboilerroom:
1.Atleast2PortableFoamExtinguishers
2.135litresFoamExtinguisher
3.1PortableFoamApplicatorwith20litressparestank.
4.OneSandboxwithascoop.

ForER
1.Atleast1PortableFoamApplicatorwith200lb.sparecontainer.
2.Atleast45litresFoamExtinguisher
3.Atleast2PortableFoamExtinguishersshallbeplacedwithin,notmorethan10meterwalkingdistance.

ForERControlRoom:
1.SufficientnumberofCOPortableFireExtinguishers.

Portablefireextinguishers:

1.Capacityofportablefluidextinguisher:>13.5litresand<9litres.
2.Otherextinguisher:atleastasportableas13.5litresfluidextinguisherandfireextinguishingcapabilityatleast
equivalenttothatof9litresfluidextinguisher.
3.Shipsof1000tonsgrosstonnageandupwards,shallcarryatleast5portablefireextinguishers.

4.Inboilerroom:

a)Atleast2portablefoamtypeextinguishers.
b)Atleast1foamtypeextinguisherof135litrescapacityminimum,withhosesonreels,reachinganypartof
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boilerroom.
c)Aboxof10ftofsandorotherapproveddrymaterialwithscoop.
d)Onesetofportablefoamapplicatorunitwithonespare20litretank.

5.Inspacecontaininginternalcombustionmachinery:

a)Sufficientno.of45litrecapacityfoamtypeextinguishers,toenablefoamtobedirectedontofuelandLO
pressuresystem,gearingandotherfirehazards.
b)Sufficientno.ofportablefoamtypeextinguishers,solocatedthat,thereshallbeatleast2suchextinguishers
within10meterwalkingdistance.

6.Inspacecontainingsteamturbine:

a)Sufficientno.of45litrecapacityfoamtypeextinguishers,toenablefoamtobedirectedontoLOpressure
system,turbinecasing,gearingandotherfirehazards.
b)However,suchextinguishersshallbeomitted,ifprotectionisgivenbyfixedinstallation.
c)Sufficientno.ofportablefoamtypeextinguishers,solocatedthat,thereshallbeatleast2suchextinguishers
within10meterwalkingdistance.

PersonalLifeSavingAppliances:
1.Lifebuoys
2.Lifejackets
3.Immersionsuits
4.Thermalprotectiveaids.

Firemansoutfit:
Consistsof:

Personalequipment,comprisingprotectiveclothing,bootsandglovesofrubber,arigidhelmet,anelectric
safetylamp[minburningperiod3hrs.],andanaxe.
Abreathingapparatus.SmokeHelmet[Smokemask]orSelfcontainedcompressedairBAset.

Smokehelmet(Smokemask)BAset:
a)Providedwithsuitableairpump.
b)Anairhoseexceeding2minlength,butnotmorethan36m.

GasMaskBAset:
Notusedforfirefightingpurpose.

SelfcontainedcompressedairoperatedBAset:
a)Volumeofairincylindersshallbeatleast1200litres.
b)Capableoffunctioningforatleast30min.
c)Fireprooflifelineofsufficientlengthandstrengthisattached.

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d)2firemansoutfits(2BAsets)shallbestoredinwidelyseparatedpositions,andmustbeeasilyaccessibleand
readyforuse.

ClosingArrangementsinER:

1.EntranceDoors
2.ShaftTunnelWatertightDoor
3.SkylightDoors
4.VentilatorFlaps

FireDetectors:

1.HeatDetector
2.FlameDetector
3.SmokeDetector
4.CombustionGasDetector.

HeatDetector:

Theremaybe3typesfixedtemperature,rateoftemperaturerise,oracombination.
Rateofrisedetectordonotrespondandgivealarmiftemperaturegraduallyincreases,e.g.movinginto
tropicalregionsorheatingswitchedon.
Testedbyportableelectrichotairblower.

RateoftemperatureriseDetector:

a)PneumaticType:

1.Increaseintemperatureincreasestheairpressureinsidethincopperhemisphericalbulb,iftheairsbled
throughtwowaybleedvalveissufficient,diaphragmwillnotmoveupandclosethecontacts.
2.Ifrateoftemperaturerisecausessufficientpressurebuildupinsidethebulbtoclosethecontact,alarmwillbe
given.
3.Temperatureadjustmentscrewisprovidedtoclosethecontactsatapredeterminedtemperature,givingalarm.
(Temperaturesettingvaryfrom55Cto70C.)

b)BimetalCoilType:

1.Twobimetalcoilsareattachedtoaverticalsupportbracketanduppercoilisbetterinsulatedfromheatthan
lowercoil.
2.Whentemperatureincreaseslowercoilwillmovetoclosethegap(betweentwocontacts)atfasterratethan
uppercoilmovestomaintainthegap.
3.Ifrateoftemperatureriseissufficient,thegapwillcloseandalarmgiven.
4.Afixedtemperaturestopgapisprovidedatuppercoiltoclosethecontactgivingalarm.

c)FixedTemperatureDetector:

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QuartzoidBulbsfittedintoSprinklerSystemarefixedtemperaturedetectors,usedforspacesotherthan
engineandboilerrooms.

FlameDetector:(Infrared)

1.Flamehasacharacteristicflickerfrequencyofabout25Hz,andthisfactisusedtotriggeranalarm.
2.Flickeringradiationfromflamesreachesdetectorlens/filterunit,whichonlyallowsinfraredraystopassand
befocuseduponcell.
3.Signalfromcellgoesintoamplifier,whichistunedto25Hz,thenintotimedelayunitandalarmcircuit.
4.Tominimizefalsealarms,firehastobepresentforpredeterminedperiod.
5.Suitableformachineryspaces,butnotinboilerroom.
6.Obscurationbysmokerendersitinoperative.
7.Testedbymeansofanakedflame.

SmokeDetectors:

1.LightScatter
2.LightObscuration
3.Scatterandobscurationcombined.

LightScatterType:

1.Photocellisseparatedbyabarrierfromasemiconductor,intermittentlyflashinglightsource,arehousedin
anenclosure,allowingsmokebutnotlightinside.
2.Whensmokeispresentinthecontainerlightisscatteredaroundthebarrierontophotocellandanalarmis
triggered.
3.Couldgiveearlywarningoffire.
4.Photocellandlightsourcesarevulnerabletovibrationanddirt.
5.Testedbymeansofcigarettesmoke.

WrittenbyMarineStudy

ForMaritimeEducationandKnowledge

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In"Question&Answer" In"Question&Answer"

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