GLOSSARY

Term
Active Regeneration
Adjustable Parameters
Aftertreatment
Aftertreatment Interface Connection
Aftertreatment Systems
Definition
ECM initiated regeneration.
Selections made in the engine ECM from an INSITE imposed range.
A method of controlling exhaust emissions with the use of a catalyst or, filter installed in
the exhaust system.
The Aftertreatment Interface Connection is a SCR 14-pin Connector.
Exhaust system components used to reduce harmful emissions from diesel engines.

Algorithm Software stored in the ECM that is used to establish a step-by-step procedure to
determine a value based on inputs from engine sensors. This value is used to provide
output to various devices on the engine.
Ambient Air Pressure Sensor Sensor that tells the ECM the outside air pressure.
AMOX Brick Ammonia reduction "slip" catalyst brick.
Ash The minute amount of particulate matter that is left after oxidation.
Barometric Pressure Sensor See Ambient Air Pressure Sensor.
Block Heater An electric resistance heater installed in the cooling system and used to provide for
easier starting in cold weather. Also called a coolant heater.
Block Stiffener Device mounted to the bottom of the engine block to provide additional strength and
rigidity to the block casting. This plate is typically mounted using shoulder bolts to provide
optimum stiffening capability.
Breakout Harness Service tool used to check circuit voltage with electrical components connected to the
ECM.
CAC (Charge Air Cooler) Air-to-air cooler mounted in front of the engine radiator used to lower the temperature of
the intake air after it has passed through the turbocharger.
Camshaft Speed/Position Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on the position of machined surfaces in the
camshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine the camshaft
position.
Camshaft Tone Wheel The rotation of the tone wheel teeth allows the secondary/backup engine speed sensor to
measure camshaft speed.
Catalyst A device installed in the exhaust system that causes harmful emissions to be converted
into harmless ones.
Check Valve Valve designed to prevent the reverse flow of fluid.
CLS Coolant Level Sensor
CM2250 A Cummins electronic control module.
Common Rail Rail used to store the high pressure to the injectors.
Compression Brake See Engine Brake
Coolant Heater An electric resistance heater installed in the cooling system and used to provide for
easier starting in cold weather. Also called a block heater.
Coolant Temperature Sensor The Coolant Temperature Sensor allows the ECM to determine the coolant temperature.

CPL Control Parts List

Crankcase Breather Device used to allow excess pressure in the engine crankcase to exit the engine.
Crankcase pressure is typically a result of combustion gas flowing past the piston rings
Crankshaft Tone Wheel The rotating tone wheel teeth allow the engine speed sensor to measure engine speed.

Crosshead A device that allows one rocker arm to open two valves.
CTS Coolant Temperature Sensor
Data Link a) The electrical connection that allows an external electronic device, such as INSITE, to
be connected to the ECM. This connection is used for communication and data transfer.
b) Communication system that allows the vehicle's ECM to communicate with other
devices.
Dataplate Identifying information for an engine or vehicle.
Dataplate - Electronic The information contained on the engine dataplate that is stored electronically in the
ECM.
Deaerating Cooling System Cooling system utilized on many Cummins engines that aids in purging air from the
cooling system during initial coolant fill and during operation. This system also provides a
positive flow of coolant at the water pump during all engine operating conditions.

Decomposition Reactor The decomposition reactor has an integrated diesel exhaust fluid diffuser and will be
supplied with the Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Valve already mounted on the reactor
flange. The tube is designed so that the ammonia in the injected diesel exhaust fluid can
decompose and be adequately mixed with the exhaust stream before it reaches the front
face of the Aftertreatment SCR Catalyst.
DEF Diesel Exhaust Fluid

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 GLOSSARY

Diagnostic Lamp The light used to alert the operator of certain faults in the system as well as flash out fault
code information.
Diesel Exhaust Fluid The name given to the fluid when urea is mixed with water to a 32.5% solution. The
composition of this solution is defined in ISO standard ISO 22241-1. The DEF solution is
a clear liquid with a weak ammonia odor.
ECM (Electronic Control Module) A computer portion of the electronic control system that is responsible for engine control,
diagnostics, and user features. This component receives signals from engine sensors
and OEM switches. It contains software based control algorithms and diagnostic
algorithms. These algorithms process the input signals and transmit signals to the
appropriate output devices.
ECM Cooling Plate Component used to dissipate the heat generated from the ECM electronics.
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Electronic Control Module (ECM) dataplate The electronic control module (ECM) dataplate displays information about the ECM.
Engine Brake An optional component that enhances the engines ability to slow the vehicle in coasting
situations. It works by opening the exhaust valve when the piston is at the top of the
compression stroke. Any energy stored in the compressed air is released into the
exhaust system and not returned to the piston on its next downward stroke.

Engine Speed Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on a tone wheel on the crankshaft. The signal
from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine the engine speed and crankshaft
position.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
Exhaust Emissions The various chemical compounds released into the atmosphere after combustion has
taken place.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Takes a portion of the exhaust gas, cools it, combines it with fresh air, and returns it to
the combustion chamber.
Firing Order The order in which the cylinders, beginning with No. 1 cylinder, deliver their power
strokes.
Fleetguard Manufacturer of quality filtration and diesel engine related products. (Customer
Assistance Center 1-800-223-4583)
Fuel Pump Actuator The fuel pump actuator controls fuel to the high pressure pump as directed by the
software calibration.
Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Monitors pressure in the fuel rail. Also known as an "Accumulator Pressure Sensor".

Grid Heater An electric resistance heater mounted in the intake air system to heat the air for easier
starting at low temperatures.
Hall-Effect Sensor A type of sensor used to determine motion and proximity. From this signal, the ECM
calculates engine speed and position.
High Idle Wide open accelerator pedal, no load.
High Pressure Common Rail A Cummins fuel system that uses a common rail as an accumulator to store fuel at
pressures high enough for injection. The ECM controls the electronic injectors, each of
which is connected to the rail.
High Pressure Fuel Lines The high-pressure fuel lines are used to connect the fuel rail to the individual fuel
connectors.
Horsepower A unit of power equal to 746 Watts.
HPCR High Pressure Common Rail
Hydrocarbon An organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen.
INLINE II SAE J1939 protocol communications tool used to connect the ECM to a PC.
INSITE The PC based electronic service tool used to diagnose and calibrate Cummins electronic
engines.
Intake Manifold Pressure/Temperature Sensor The Intake Manifold Pressure/Temperature Sensor is used for air/fuel control, engine
protection and for fan clutch control.
J1939 An SAE communication protocol that enables an engine to be controlled by J1939
devices. This communication standard allows service tools and some other vehicle
controllers, such as transmission shifting, braking system, and traction control systems,
to communicate with the ECM.
J1939 Backbone ECM J1939 Data Link connection in which service tools and other J1939 devices
communicate with the ECM. This bus can be extended 150 feet with minimal outside
interference to communication data. The Main Bus is constructed with twisted pair wires
and a shield.
J-Jet Cooling Nozzles J-Jet Cooling Nozzles are used to deliver lubrication to the pistons.
Lash The distance between the crosshead and the rocker arm.

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 GLOSSARY

Lift Pump An electric pump controlled by the ECM through a relay. Each time the key is turned on
the ECM turns on this pump for a set period of time to insure easy starting and shorter
cranking time.
Manometer A device used to measure pressure or pressure differences.
Micron Unit of measurement equal to one thousandth of a millimeter.
MIL Malfunction Indicator Lamp
Multiplexing The use of one circuit to provide signals from multiple components to the ECM.
NOx Various combinations of Nitrogen and Oxygen.
Nozzle Ring The sliding portion of the turbocharger that changes the size of the volute exit area.
Changing the exit area affects both boost pressure and exhaust backpressure.
OBD On-Board Diagnostics
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer.
Oil Pressure Sensor The Oil Pressure Sensor indicates the pressure of the oil as an input to the engine
protection system.
Oxides of Nitrogen Differing combinations of oxygen and nitrogen.
Oxidize To combined with oxygen.
Particulate Matter All solid and liquid material in cooled, diluted diesel exhaust.
Passive Regeneration Regeneration without user interaction.
Pass Through Connector Wiring harness connection used to transition the harness from outside the engine
through a casting to the interior of the engine.
PC Personal Computer
Piston Cooling Nozzle A device that sprays oil onto the underside of the piston head. This oil helps to cool the
piston and may also provide some lubrication for the piston pin.
Positive Flow Deaeration System using pressurized coolant flow to remove trapped air from the coolant.
Power Take Off A device mounted to the engine or transmission that provides power for accessories such
as hydraulic pumps.
PTO Power Take Off
QuickServe Online Cummins online service information system.
Regeneration The oxidation of soot trapped on the walls of the particulate trap.
SCA (Supplemental Coolant Additive) Additive package used in diesel engine cooling systems to prevent scale, corrosion, and
pitting of cooling system components.
SCR Selective Catalyst Reduction
STOR (Straight Thread O-Ring) Type of English fitting used to seal many of the access ports in the block. This style fitting
provides improved sealing capabilities when compared with tapered pipe-thread fittings.

StrataPore Filter Media Multi-layered filter media which provides improved durability and filtration capability.
Stub The J1939 Data Link connection from service tools or other vehicle controllers that
attaches to the J1939 backbone. The stubs are restricted to approximately 1 meter in
length to minimize interference. The stub is constructed with shielding and twisted pair
wires.
TDC Top dead center. The engine position where the number one cylinder piston is at the
uppermost point in the travel.
Tensioner Pulley Spring loaded self adjusting pulley used to maintain a drive belt at the desired belt
tension.
Termination Resistor One of the two 120 ohm resistors connected in parallel in the J1939 backbone circuit.

Thermistor A type of resistor containing semiconductors, which vary predictably and rapidly with
changes in temperature.
Thermocouple A device that uses the electrical potential created by dis-similar metals to measure
temperature.
Thermostat An automatic temperature sensing device utilizing a mechanical valve to regulate the flow
path of a fluid.
Tone Wheel Notched ring, commonly installed on the crankshaft or camshaft. The notches or
protrusions are used as "targets" for a speed or position sensor.
Torque Plus Angle/Torque Plus Turn A tightening procedure that provides a more consistent clamping force than torque only.
This is accomplished by torquing to a specification and then rotating an additional
specified number of degrees.
TPS (Throttle Position Sensor) Part of the accelerator pedal assembly that sends a pedal position signal to the ECM.
This device is a potentiometer that produces a varying voltage as it is moved through the
operating range.
Turbocharger Centrifugal air pump or blower driven by exhaust gas turbine. It fills the engine cylinders
with fresh air at a higher pressure than atmospheric.
Turbocharger Oil Supply Line The Turbocharger Oil Supply Line carries oil to the turbocharger.

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Turbocharger Speed Sensor
Valve Seats
Variable Geometry Turbocharger
Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
Venturi
VGT Actuator
Water-in-Fuel Sensor (WIF)
GLOSSARY
This sensor measures the rotational speed of the turbocharger shaft and helps the ECM
determine that the system is functioning and prevents overspeeding of the turbo.
Create a seal between the valves and the intake and exhaust ports.
A style of turbocharger that adjusts its exit volute area, thereby increasing backpressure
quickly, in the exhaust system.
Sensor that tells the ECM the vehicle speed.
Funnel shaped nozzle inside the oil filter which uses oil flow through the full flow filtering
media to pull oil through the bypass media.
The electronic actuator that controls the position of the variable geometry turbocharger
nozzle ring. This actuator receives a signal from the ECM.
Sensor mounted in the bottom of the fuel filter/water separator that indicates if too much
water is contained in the bottom of the filter.
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