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PVP2015
July 19-23, 2015, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
PVP2015-45312
1
Graduate of University of Wisconsin
Notes:
1. The E loads in the above combinations are strength
level loads, thus applying 0.7E in the ASD load
combinations. If the loads are service level loads, then
the 0.7E should change to 1.0E. For LRFD load
combinations using service level loads, E must be
factored up to 1.4E.
2. In most cases, operational loads (i.e. catalyst) on
internals are considered as dead loads not live loads.
3. These load combinations are considered minimum and
the analyst must assure all combinations of loading are
addressed.
50 345
Engineering Stress (MPa)
Engineering Stress (ksi)
40 276
30 207
20 138
10 69
0 0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Engineering Strain (inch/inch) (mm/mm)
(C3D20R Elements)
1,200 1636
1,000 1356
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES