Technical Note

Structural Concrete Software System

GB 50010_implementation_1
060109

CHINESE CODE IMPLEMENTATION IN1

ADAPT SOFTWARE

This Technical Note details the implementation of the Chinese Code (GB 50010-2002) in the Builder
Platform programs.

The implementation follows the Chinese Codes procedure of calculating a Demand, referred to as
design value for each design section, and a Resistance, for the same section, referred to as design
capacity. Design value and design capacity are generic terms that apply to displacements as well as
actions. For each loading condition, or instance defined in Chinese Code, the design is achieved by
making the resistance exceed the associated demand Design Value. Where necessary, reinforcement
is added to meet this condition.

The implementation is broken down into the following steps:

Serviceability limit state

Strength limit state
Initial condition (transfer of prestressing)
Reinforcement requirement and detailing

In each instance, the design consists of one or more of the following checks:
Bending of section
o With or without prestressing
Punching shear (two-way shear)
Beam shear (one-way shear)
Minimum reinforcement

In the following, the values in square brackets [ ] are defaults of the program. They can be changed by
the user.

REFERENCES
1. GB 50010 2002
2. GB 50009 - 2001

MATERIAL AND MATERIAL FACTORS2

Concrete
Cube strength at 28 days, as specified by the user
f cu,k = characteristic compressive cube strength at 28 days;
fck = characteristic value of the concrete strength[MPa] based on Table 4.1.3 3 of the code

1
Copyright 2006
2
GB 50010-2002 ,Chapter 4
3
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 4.1.3

E-Mail info@adaptsoft.com www.adaptsoft.com

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 Technical Note

Parabolic stress/strain curve with the horizontal branch at fc ; maximum strain at 0.0033; Strain at
limit of proportionality is based on the following relationship 4.

0 = 0.002+0.5(fcu,k-50) 10-5 0.002

fc

0.0033

The relation curve of compressive stress and strain in concrete is taken according to the following
stipulations:

4
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 7.1.2(3)

2
 Technical Note

c
n

c 0 c = fc
1-
1 -
0

0 < c cu c = fc

Where,
1
n= 2- ( fcu, k - 50 ) 2
60
cu = 0.0033-(fcu,k-50) 10-5 0.0033
fc = design value of axial compressive strength of concrete according to table
4.1.45[MPa].
f cu,k = characteristic value of compressive cube strength of concrete [MPa].

Modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ec, is automatically calculated and displayed by the program
using fcu,k, and from the following table 6, Table 4.1.5 of the code. User has the option to override the
code value and specify a user defined substitute.

Nonprestressed Steel 7
Bilinear stress/strain diagram with the horizontal branch at f y
Modulus of elasticity(Es) is user defined [200000 MPa]
No limit has been set for the ultimate strain of the mild steel in the code.

fy

200000 MPa
5
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 4.1.4
6
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 4.1.5
7
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 4.2 and Section 7.1.5

3
 Technical Note

fy/Es

Stress in nonprestressed steel is calculated by the following equations:

b h
si fy si = Es cu 1 0i - 1
x
si > fy si = fy

Where,
si = stress in nonprestressed steel at the ith layer [MPa]
cu = limit compressive strain in concrete under non-uniform compression
b1 = a coefficient.
For f cu,k 50 MPa, b1 = 0.80
For f cu,k = 80 MPa b1 = 0.74, intermediate values are determined b
Interpolation
h0i = distance from the centroid of the ith layer longitudinal steel reinforcement to the
extreme fiber in compression zone of concrete
x = depth of concrete compression zone of equivalent rectangular stress diagram
fy = design value for tensile strength of steel according to the Table 4.2.3.1 of the code
[MPa]

Prestressing Steel
A bilinear stress-strain curve is assumed.
Modulus of elasticity is user defined [195000 MPa]

fpy

195000 MPa

fpy/Es

Stress in prestressed steel may be calculated by the following equations:

4
 Technical Note

b h
pi fpy pi = Es cu 1 0i - 1+ p0i
x
pi > fpy pi = fpy

pi = stress in prestressed steel at the ith layer [MPa]

p0i = stress in prestressed steel when the normal stress of concrete at the centroid of the ith
layer prestressed steel reinforcement is zero [MPa].
= pe + Epc
pc = normal stress in concrete caused by prestressing force [MPa]
E = Es/Ec
fpy = design value for tensile strength of prestressed steel according to the Table 4.2.3.2 8 of
the code [MPa]

LOADING
Self-weight determined based on geometry and unit weight of concrete. Other loads are user defined.

SERVICEABILITY
Load combinations9
Characteristic:
1.0 SW+1.0 DL+ 1.0 LL+1.0 PT
Frequent:
Residential and office building

8
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 4.2.3
9
GB 50009-2001 ,Section 3.2

5
 Technical Note
1.0 SW+1.0 DL+ 0.6 LL+1.0 PT
Garage
1.0 SW+1.0 DL+ 0.70 LL+1.0 PT

Storehouse/motor room
1.0 SW+1.0 DL+ 0.90 LL+1.0 PT

Quasi-permanent:
Residential and office building
1.0 SW+1.0 DL+ 0.50 LL+1.0 PT
Garage
1.0 SW+1.0 DL+ 0.60 LL+1.0 PT

Storehouse/motor room
1.0 SW+1.0 DL+ 0.80 LL+1.0 PT

Stress checks

o Concrete
Stress limitations for compression 10 are as follows:

i. Stress in flexure: 0.6f ck

If stress at any location exceeds, the program displays that location with a change in color
(or broken lines for black and white display), along with a note on programs text report.

Stress limitations for hypothetical tensile stress 11 for the three design options are as follows:

i. Class 1: No tensile stress

ii. Class 2:
Characteristic combination : ftk [MPa]
Quasi-permanent combination :0

f tk = characteristic value of tensile strength of concrete [Table 4.1.3 of the code].

iii. Class 3: w max w lim

Where,
wmax = maximum crack width calculated for the characteristic combination [Given in the
next section]
wmax = limit value of maximum crack width [Given in the next section]

By defining the limits of the tensile stresses, the user specifies the design Class. Should
stresses exceed the threshold of the design Class specified by user, the program automatically
applies the restrictions applicable to the next design Class. More reinforcement is added, where
needed. Computed crack widths are limited to those specified in the code.

o Nonprestressed Reinforcement
No stress limits for service condition are specified no check made

10
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 8.1.5
11
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 8.1.1

6
 Technical Note
o Prestressing steel12
The maximum allowable stress under service condition (0.75 f ptk) given in the code is
used. If this value exceeds, the program report it to the user on the computer screen.

Crack control
The program calculates the maximum width of crack (wmax) based on the following relationship 13 for
both non-prestressed members and prestressed members for each design section.
sk deq
wmax= cr 1.9c 0.08+
E s te

Where,
ftk
= 1.1 - 0.65
te sk
ni di2
deq =
ni idi2
A s + Ap
te =
A te

where,

cr = stressed characteristic coefficient of member;

= 2.1 - Reinforced concrete member;
= 1.7 - Prestressed concrete member ;
= non-uniform coefficient for strain of tension steel reinforcement between cracks;
1 for member directly sustaining repeated load; 0.2 1
c = minimum cover to the tension steel, 20 c 65 [mm];
te = ratio of tension reinforcement 0.01;
Ate = effective area of the tension part of the cross section = 0.5bh+(b f-b)hf where bf
and hf are the width and thickness of the flange;
As = area of steel in tension zone;
Ap = area of post-tensioning in tension zone;
deq = equivalent diameter of longitudinal steel reinforcement in tension zone [mm];
di = nominal diameter of Type i longitudinal steel reinforcement in tension zone [mm];
ni = numbers of Type i longitudinal steel reinforcement in tension zone;
vi = relative cohesion coefficient of Type i longitudinal steel reinforcement in tension
zone;
= 0.7 - for plain steel bar;
= 1.0, 0.8 - for ribbed steel bar for non-prestressed steel and prestressed steel
respectively;
= 0.5 - for strand;

If the calculated value of a section exceeds the allowable, reinforcement is added to that section, in
order to reduce the crack width to within the allowable limit. The allowable crack 14 width depends on the
exposure condition.

o Crack width limitation for nonprestressed concrete: 0.3 mm

12
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 6.1.3
13
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 8.1.2
14
GB 50010-2002 ,Table 3.3.4

7
 Technical Note
o Crack width limitation for prestressed concrete:

Class1 and Class 2 members - no cracking

Class 3 members - 0.2 mm

STRENGTH
Load combinations15
o 1.2 DL+ 1.2 SW+ 1.4 LL+ 1.0 Hyp
o 1.35 DL+ 1.35 SW+ 1.0 Hyp

Check for bending16

o Plane sections remain plane. Strain compatibility is used to determine the forces on a section.
o Maximum concrete strain in compression is limited to 0.0033.
o Tensile capacity of the concrete is neglected.
o Maximum allowable value for the neutral axis xb is limited to b times the effective depth of the
member.
Where necessary, compression reinforcement is added to enforce the above requirement.

Reinforced concrete members:

i. Reinforcement with yield point
1
b =
fy
1+
Es cu

ii. Reinforcement without yield point

1
b =
0.002 fy
1+ +
cu Es cu

Prestressed concrete members:

1
b =
0.002 f py - p0
1+ +
cu Es cu
Where,
b = relative depth of limiting compression zone = xb/h0
b1 = a coefficient.
For f cu,k 50 MPa, b1 = 0.80
For fcu,k = 80 MPa b1 = 0.74, intermediate values are determined by the linear
interpolation
p0 = stress in prestressed steel when the normal stress of concrete at the centroid of
the prestressed steel reinforcement in tension zone is zero [MPa].
= pe + Epc

o If a section is made up of more than one concrete material, the entire section is designed using
the concrete properties of lowest strength in that section.
15
GB 50009-2001 , Section 3. 2.3
16
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 7.1

8
 Technical Note
o Stress in nonprestressed steel is derived from representative stress-strain curve for the type of
steel used.
o Stress in prestressing steel is calculated as:
For bonded tendons, stress is calculated from stress-strain compatibility of the section.
For unbonded tendons f py from the Table 4.2.3-2 is used.
o Rectangular concrete block is used with maximum stress equal to 1f c and the depth of the
compression block is x .
where 1 = a coefficient;
=1 for fcu,k 50
= 0.94 for fcu,k = 80
Intermediate values are interpolated.
x = b1 x depth of neutral axis
o For flanged sections, the following procedure is adopted:
If x is within the flange, the section is treated as a rectangle
If x exceeds the flange thickness, uniform compression is assumed over the flange. The
stem is treated as a rectangular section.
o At every section of a flexural post-tensioned member, the following will be satisfied 17:

Mn Mcr

Where,
Mcr ( )
= cracking moment = pc + ftk W0
pc = pre-compression stress in concrete caused by prestressing force at the
edge after deducting the total losses of prestress; stress due to post-
tensioning
ftk = characteristic tensile strength of the concrete;
W0 = elastic section modulus of extreme tension fiber of transformed section;
= plastic influence coefficient for sectional resisting moment of concrete
member
120
= 0.7+
h
m

m = basic value of the plastic influence coefficient for sectional resisting
moment can be taken from the table 8.2.4 of the code 18
h = depth of the section[mm], 400 h 1600

17
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 9.5.3
18
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 8.2.4

9
 Technical Note

One-way shear19

The design is based on the following:

V Vcs+Vp Vmax

Asv
Vcs = 0.7ftbh0 + 1.25fyv h0
s
Vp = 0.05 Np0

If hw/b 4, Vmax = 0.25b cfcbh0

If hw/b 6, Vmax = 0.2bcfcbh0
Intermediate values are determined by linear interpolation.

where,
V = design value of maximum shear;
Vcs = design value of shear load-bearing capacity of concrete and stirrup;
Vp = design value of shear load-bearing capacity of member increased by
prestressing force. ADAPT conservatively assumes it as zero;
b = width of the web;
h0 = effective depth of section;
hw = web depth of the section: for rectangular section, effective depth can be
taken; for T-section, the value of effective depth minus- flange thickness; for
I-section, the net depth of the web;
bc = influence coefficient of concrete strength;
For f cu,k 50 MPa, bc = 1.0
For f cu,k = 80 MPa bc = 0.8,
intermediate values are determined by the linear interpolation
fc = design value of axial compressive strength of concrete;
Asv = total area of the shear reinforcement;
19
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 7.5 and Section 10.2.9-10.2.10

10
 Technical Note
s = longitudinal spacing of vertical stirrups;
f yv = design value of tensile strength of stirrup;
Np0 = resultant of forces for longitudinal prestressed and non-prestressed steel.

Shear reinforcement:
V > Vmax shear is excessive, revise the section or
increase the concrete strength
V 0.7h ft bh0 and h < 150mm, No shear reinforcement is required.
V 0.7h ft bh0 and 150 h 300 mm Asv,min within the range of 1/4 span at both ends
V 0.7h ft bh0 and h> 300 mm Asv,min for the entire span

0.7h ft bh0 < V < V max Asv =

( V - 0.7ftbh0 ) s
> Asv,min
1.25fyvh0

where,
1
800 4
bh = ; 800 h 2000
h
0
ft = design value of axial tensile strength of concrete;

0.24ftbs
Asv,min =
fyv

Maximum spacing of the links, svmax20

Two-way shear

o Categorization of columns:

No criterion is mentioned in Chinese code regarding categorizations of columns for punching

shear check. The program uses ACI-318 criteria as detailed below.

Based on the geometry of the floor slab at the vicinity of a column, each column is categorized
into to one of the following options:

1. Interior column
Each face of the column is at least four times the slab thickness away from a
slab edge

20
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 7.5

11
 Technical Note
2. Edge column
One side of the column normal to the axis of the moment is less than four times
the slab thickness away from the slab edge

3. Corner column
Two adjacent sides of the column are less than four times the slab thickness
from slab edges parallel to each

4. End column
One side of the column parallel to the axis of the moment is less than four times
the slab thickness from a slab edge

In cases 2, 3 and 4, column is assumed to be at the edge of the slab. The overhang of the slab
beyond the face of the column is not included in the calculations. Hence, the analysis
performed is somewhat conservative.

o Stress calculation:

The maximum factored shear stress is calculated for several critical perimeters around the
columns based on the combination of the direct shear and moment 21:

Fl a 0 Munb c
v u1= +
A Ic
Munb =Munb,c - Fe
l g

Fl a 0 Munb c '
v u2 = +
A Ic
Munb =Munb,c + Fe
l g

Where,
Fl - absolute value of the direct shear and
Munb - absolute value of the unbalanced column moment about the center of
geometry of the critical section
c and c - distances from centroidal axis of critical section to the perimeter of the
critical section in the direction of the analysis
A - area of concrete of assumed critical section,
eg - the distance from the centroidal axis of critical section to the centroidal axis
of the column;
0 - ratio of the moment transferred by shear and
Ic - moment of inertia of the critical section about the axis of moment.

The implementation of the above in ADAPT is provided with the option of allowing the user to
consider the contribution of the moments separately or combined.

For a critical section with dimension of b1 and b2 and column dimensions of c1, c2 and average
depth of d, Ac, Jc, c, and Mu are:

1. Interior column:

A = 2 ( b1+b2 ) d
21
GB 50010-2002 , Appendix G

12
 Technical Note

b1
c=
2
b1d3 db13 b12b2 d
Ic = + +
6 6 2
1
a0 = 1-
2 b1
1+
3 b2
Munb = abs
Mu,direct

2. End column: (b1 is perpendicular to the axis of moment)

A = ( 2b1+b2 ) d
b12
c=
2b1+b2
2
b d3 db 3 b
Ic = 1 + 1 +2b1d 1 -c +b 2dc 2
6 6 2
1
a0 = 1-
2 b1
1+
3 b2
c1
Mu = abs
Mu,direct - Vu (b1 - c - )
2

3. Corner Column:

A = ( b1+b2 ) d
b12
c=
2b1+2b2
2
b d3 db 3 b
Jc = 1 + 1 +b1d 1 -c +b 2dc 2
12 12 2
1
= 1-
2 b1
1+
3 b2
c1
Mu = abs
Mu,direct - Vu (b1 - c - )
2

4. Edge column: (b1 is perpendicular to the axis of moment)

A = ( b1+2b2 ) d
b1
c=
2
b d3 db 3
Jc = 1 + 1 +2b2 dc 2
12 12

13
 Technical Note

1
= 1-
2 b1
1+
3 b2
Mu = abs
Mu,direct

o Allowable stress22:

For nonprestressed member and prestressed member:

vc = ( 0.7bhft + 0.15pc, m ) h

where,
1.2 ah
h = minimum of 0.4 + ,0.5 + s 0
bs 4um
h = influence coefficient for depth of the section:
for h 800mm, h = 1.0
for h 2000mm, h = 0.9
s = 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns, and 20 for corner columns
um = the perimeter of the critical section
pc,m = the average value of pc for the two directions 3.5 MPa and 1.0 MPa
s = the ratio of the long side to the short side of the critical section,
2 bs 4,
If the section is round, use bs =2
h0 = effective depth of the section.

o Critical sections23

The closest critical section to check the stresses is h0/2 from the face of the column where h 0 is
the effective depth of the slab/drop cap. Subsequent sections are h 0/324 away from the previous
critical section.

If drop cap exists, stresses are also checked at 0.5h0 from the face of the drop cap in which h 0
is the effective depth of the slab. Subsequent sections are h 0/3 away from the previous critical
section.

o Stress check

Calculated stresses are compared against the allowable stress:

If vu < vc no punching shear reinforcement is required

If vu > vn,max25 punching stress is excessive; revise the section
If vnmax vu > vc provide punching shear reinforcement

vn,max = 1.05f th
22
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 7.5
23
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 7.7.1
24
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 10.1.10(2)
25
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 7.7.3

14
 Technical Note

Where vn,max is the maximum shear stress that can be carried out by the critical section including
the stresses in shear reinforcement.

If stress is below the permissible value in both directions, then no shear reinforcement is
needed otherwise if at least in one direction, stress exceeds the permissible value, shear
reinforcement should be provided.

Stress check is performed until no shear reinforcement is needed anymore. In case of

existence of a drop cap, stresses are checked within the drop cap until the design stress is less
than the permissible, then in a similar manner the stresses are checked outside the drop cap.

If shear reinforcement is required, then the reinforcement will be provided for a length atleast
1.5h026 from the face of the column.

o Shear reinforcement

Where needed, shear reinforcement is provided according to the following: 27

(
v u - 0.35ft + 0.15pc,m u h )
A svu = m 0
0.8fyv

Where vu is the maximum shear stress calculated based on the direct shear and moments in
both directions using the equations shown earlier.

If required, shear reinforcement will be extended to the section at least a distance 1.5h 0 from
the face of the column.

o Arrangement of shear reinforcements:

Shear reinforcement can be in the form of shear studs or shear stirrups (links). In case of shear
links, the number of shear links (Nshear_links ) in a critical section and distance between the links (
Dist shear_links ) are given by:
As
Nshear _ links =
A shear _ link
u
Dist shear_links =
Nshear_links

Where, Ashear-link is the area of the single shear link.

Maximum spacing between the legs or minimu rebar

If shear studs are used, the number of studs per rail (Nshear_studs ) and the distance between the
studs (Dist shear_studs ) are given by:
26
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 10.1.10(2)
27
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 7.7.3(1)

15
 Technical Note

As
Nshear _ studs =
A shear _ stud Nrails
s
Dist shear _ studs =
Nshear _ studs

Where, s is the distance between the critical sections.

INITIAL CONDITION
Load combinations28

1.0 SW +1.0 PT

Allowable stresses29

Limitations for hypothetical tensile stress for the three design options are as follows:

i. Class 1 and Class 2: ftk

ii. Class 3: 2 ftk

Limitations for compressive stress are as follows:

i. Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3: 0.8 fck

where,
ftk, fck = tensile and compressive strength of concrete cube at transfer
Reinforcement

Reinforcement will be provided for initial condition if tensile stress exceeds allowable stress. Rebar
is provided based on ACI code and will be placed on tension side:

Nc
As =
0.5fy
Where:
As = Area of reinforcement
Nc = tensile force in the concrete computed on the basis of uncracked section.
fy = Yield Stress of the steel but not more than 410 MPa

DETAILING
Reinforcement requirement and placing
Non-prestressed member30
o Minimum tension rebar

45ftb w (h - hf )
0.002b w (h - hf ),
Asmin = Max one side of rebar in code table and the
fy
compression flange area
28
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 6.1.1
29
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 6.1.11 and 6.1.12
30
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 9.5, Table 9.5.1

16
 Technical Note

Prestressed member
For prestressed structure, minimum rebar for crack control (serviceability check) is provided for
all the systems.

o Compression rebar31
If ct ftk, As = 0.002A-Ap
If ct =2 ftk, As = 0.004A
If ftk < ct < 2 ftk As = Linear interpolation between 0.2% and 0.4%

APPENDIX
This appendix includes additional information directly relevant to the design of concrete structures, but not
of a type to be included in the program.

Effective width of the flange

Effective flange width is not included in ADAPT_Floor Pro, because it is implicit in the finite element
analysis of Floor Pro. But this is included in ADAPT_PT and calculated as follows:

Since the Chinese code does not specify the flange width calculation, the method recommended
by the ACI code is adopted.

i. For T-Beams
Effective flange width of the span length and;
Effective overhanging flange width on each side is the smallest of:
a. 8 times the flange thickness;
b. of the clear distance to the next web.

ii. For L-Beams

Effective overhanging flange width on each side is the smallest of:
a. 1/12th of the span length of the beam;
b. 6 times the flange thickness;
c. of the clear distance to the next web.

Analysis
o Arrangement of loads:
Since the Chinese code does not specify the arrangement of loads, the recommendation by
the ACI code is used.

Continuous beams and one-way slabs:

factored dead load on all spans with full factored live load on two adjacent spans;
factored dead load on all spans with full factored live load on alternate spans; and

Two-way slabs:
If the ratio of live over dead load exceeds 0.75, live load is skipped as in the following
combination:
factored dead load on all spans with 3/4 th of the full factored live load on the panel
and on alternate panels; and
factored dead load on all spans with 3/4 th of the factored live load on adjacent
panels only.

31
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 6.1.13

17
 Technical Note

Redistribution of moment32
Since the Chinese code does not specify the redistribution of moment calculation, the
recommendation by the ACI code is used.

Redistribution is only permitted when the net tensile strain, t, is not less than 0.0075.
Percentage of redistribution = 1000t% 20%

where,
t = net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension steel at nominal strength.

Deflection33
Characteristic combination:

When l0 < 7m - l0/200

When 7m l0 9m - l0/250
When l0 > 9m - l0/300

l0- span length of the member

NOTATION

As = area of tension reinforcement;

Asv = area of the shear reinforcement;

At = area of concrete in tension zone;

DL = dead Load;

fc = design value of concrete compressive strength at 28 days;

f ck = characteristic compressive strength of concrete at 28 days;

f cu,k = characteristic compressive cube strength of concrete at 28 days;

f pu = characteristic strength of the prestressing steel [1860 MPa];

f tk = characteristic tensile strength of the concrete;

fy = design tensile strength of steel, [460 MPa];

f yv = design tensile strength of stirrup;

Hyp = hyperstatic (secondary);

h = overall depth of the beam/ slab;

h0 = effective depth of the section;

32
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 5.3.1
33
GB 50010-2002 ,Section 3.3.2

18
 Technical Note
LL = live load;

Mn = moment capacity of the section;

Mcr = cracking moment;

s = longitudinal spacing of the stirrups;

SW = self weight of the structure;

V = design shear force;

Vcs = shear strength by concrete and stirrup;

x = depth of the compression block;

xb = depth of limiting compression zone;

W0 = elastic section modulus of extreme tension fiber of transformed section;

W max = maximum (computed) crack width[mm];

W lim = allowable crack width[mm];

cu = limit compressive strain of normal section in concrete;

s = stress in nonprestressed steel;

p = stress in prestressed steel;

b = relative depth of limiting compression zone

19