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Resumen. Este estudio se realiz con la finalidad de detectar lpidos, almidn, cido
desoxiribonucleico, calosa y protenas en diferentes tejidos vegetales con pruebas histoqumicas
especficas y observacin por microscopa. Los resultados demostraron que fue posible relacionar
la tincin de algn tejido especfico con su papel en algunos de los mecanismos celulares donde
participan una o ms de las molculas aqu estudiadas, as por ejemplo, la tincin especfica de una
regin del cmbium vascular con azul mercrico de bromofenol indic que este tejido juega un
papel importante en la divisin celular donde las protenas intervienen activamente. Sin embargo,
las pruebas histoqumicas no fueron eficientemente especficas en la distincin de las molculas en
tejido foliar, sugiriendo la necesidad de abordar esta problemtica en estudios posteriores con la
finalidad de evitar malinterpretaciones. En este documento se integran adems algunas de las
aplicaciones de las pruebas histoqumicas en diversas reas cientficas y particularmente en el
campo de la Fitopatologa.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of lipids, starch, deoxyribonucleic acid,
callose, and proteins in different plant tissues through the use of specific histochemical tests and
microscopy. Results showed that it was possible to establish a positive relationship between
staining of a specific plant tissue and its role in some of the cellular mechanisms where probably
more than one of the molecules studied is involved. This last idea could be explained by specific
staining of vascular tissue with mercuric bromophenol blue because of its crucial role in cellular
division where proteins are actively implicated. Conversely, some of the tests dealed in this report
did not function properly in distinguishing the molecules in leaf tissues, suggesting that further
improvement was necessary. Some of the current applications of histochemical tests in different
scientific areas, and particularly in Plant pathology are also included.
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Cuadro 1. Pruebas histoqumicas.
Prueba histoqumica Coloracin de la reaccin Microscopa
DAPI Blanco azuloso Fluorescencia
Azul de anilina Verde fluorescente Fluorescencia
Sudn IV Naranja ptica
Azul mercrico de bromofenol Azul ptica
Lugol Azul oscuro ptica
Figura 1. Pruebas histoqumicas con azul de anilina (A) y DAPI (B) en cortes longitudinales
de tallo de jitomate. Los asteriscos presentes en ambas figuras sealan los sitios de localizacin de
las molculas blanco (en A: calosa en tubo criboso del floema y en B: ADN en engrosamientos de
tipo anular del xilema).
Figura 2. Pruebas histoqumicas con azul mercrico de bromofenol (A) y Sudn IV (B) en cortes
transversales de foliolos de limn rugoso (A) y jitomate (B). Ntese la tincin inespecfica
(generalizada).
Figura 3. Pruebas histoqumicas para la deteccin de almidn en corte transversal de tubrculo
de papa (A), de protenas en semilla de frijol (B) y en tallo de jitomate (C), adems de lpidos en
tallo de jitomate (D). *: testa, **: cotiledn; pcf: plac cribosa del floema; cv: cmbium vascular;
ce: ceras epicuticulares; f: floema; cv: cmbium vascular; x: xilema, c: corteza, m: mdula.