WorksCited

AMERICANFLAG.Photography.BritannicaImageQuest,EncyclopdiaBritannica,25May2016.
quest.eb.com/search/300_1835267/1/300_1835267/cite.Accessed2Jun2017.

Thisphoto,entitledAMERICANFLAG,wastakenbyPaulKern,providedbyUniversalImagesGroup,

andfoundonBritannicaImageQuest.ItisacloseupphotoofanAmericanFlagripplinginthewind.Britannica

ImageQueststatesthatthisphotoisforeducationaluseonly,and,assuch,isbeingusedasthebackgroundof

thehomepageforthisgroupseducationalwebsite.

Birnbaum,Gemma,andLauraSparaco.AlliesandAxis:WhosWhoinWWII.TheNationalWWIIMuseum,
www.nww2m.com/2011/12/allies-and-axis-whos-who-in-wwii/.Accessed29May2017.

GemmaBirnbaumandLauraSparacosarticlecontainsinformationonthetwoopposingsidesofWorldWar

II:TheAlliesandtheAxisPowers.ThisarticleclassifiestheAxisPowersashavingthegoalofterritorial

expansion,whileitclassifiestheAlliesasbeingformedtodefeattheAxisPowers.Bydiscussingwhich

countriesmadeupeachsideandtheirrespectivegoals,thisarticleservestoclarifywhoswhoinWWII.

Brinkley,Alan,etal.TheGlobalCrisis,1921-1941.AmericanHistory:ASurvey,13thEditionTextbookNotes,
13thed.,McGraw-HillEducation,2009,pp.912-26.

Thispiece,writtenbyAlanBrinkley,HarryT.Williams,FrankFreidel,andRichardN.Current,isachapter

fromthebookAmericanHistory:ASurvey,13thEditionTextbookNotes.Thischapteroffersincredibly

indepthandfactualinformationabouttheopposingideologiesofisolationismandinternationalism;

furthermore,itanalyzeshistoricalcontextofforeignpolicyduringWorldWarIIandhowFDRstrategically

wentaboutlendingforeignassistanceduringthattimeperiod.

Campbell,BallardC.Isolationv.Intervention.Issues&ControversiesinAmericanHistory.InfobaseLearning,
15Nov.2012.Web.30May2017.
<http://icah.infobaselearning.com/icahfullarticle.aspx?ID=130469>.

InhisarticleIsolationv.Intervention,BallardCampbellbreaksdowntheissueofAmericanneutrality

duringWorldWarII.TherewereargumentstobemadethatGermanyposedathreattotheU.S.andthat

Germanydidnotposeathreat;however,duetotheU.S.sexistingneutralitylegislation,theU.S.officially

stayedoutoftheconflict.CampbellgivesindepthandspecificinformationabouthowAmericanneutrality

legislationevolvedovertime,keepinginmindfactorssuchasactsofaggressionbyothercountries,assistance

toothercountries,andwhetherGermanytrulyposedathreattotheU.S.

Firepower:DesertStormGroundAssault1/4.YouTube,uploadedbyWeekdaywings,4Sept.2011,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDm8TW6HCU8.Accessed4June2017.

FootageusedinPSA

"FullTextofColinPowell'sSpeech."TheGuardian,5Feb.2003,
www.theguardian.com/world/2003/feb/05/iraq.usa.

Thissourcecontainedthefulltextoftheapproximately90minutespeechmadebyColinPowellattheUN.

WhileIdidnotuseanydirectquotesfromthespeechasamajorpieceofevidence,thetextfromthespeech

providedmewiththecrucialevidencethatIusedregardingColinPowellandhisinfluenceonpublicopinion

oftheIraqWar.

Gleijeses,Piero.1898:TheOppositiontotheSpanish-AmericanWar.JournalofLatinAmericanStudies,vol.
35,no.4,Nov.2003,pp.681-719.JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/3875829?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Spanish-American&
searchText=War&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fwc%3Don%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff
%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3BQuery%3DSpanish-American%2BWar%2B%26amp%3Bgrou
p%3Dnone&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents.Accessed2June2017.

InhisentryintheJournalofLatinAmericanStudies,PieroGleijesescoversmultipleperspectivesonthe

SpanishAmericanWarthroughanalysisofdifferentnewssources.Heprovidesmanyusefulexcerptsfrom

papersthathelpdevelopthelandscapeofthetimeperiod.Whilenotextremelyusefultomyfinalproductit

didprovidemewithabasisforfutureresearchandafewgoodquotations.


"IraqbytheNumbers."DemocraticPolicyandCommunicationsCenter,19Dec.2011,
www.dpc.senate.gov/docs/fs-112-1-36.pdf.

ThegovernmentdocumentfromtheDemocraticPolicyandCommunicationsCenteroffersvariousstatistical

information(suchasnumberofsoldiers,casualties,etc.)oftheIraqWar.However,mostcrucialpieceof

informationwasthestatisticsonthetotalnumberofsoldierswhoservedintheIraqWar.Thiswasusedas

evidenceofthesacrificenecessaryinordertoengageinsuchamassivewaroverseas.

"IraqWar."EncyclopaediaBritannica,EncyclopdiaBritannica,inc.,
www.britannica.com/event/Iraq-War.

ThisarticlefromEncyclopaediaBritannicaillustratedaheavilydetailedtimelineoftheIraqWar.Asthiswas

oneofthefirstsourcesthatIlookedatinmytheresearchprocess,itwasmainlyusedtofurthermy

knowledgeoftheIraqWarandofthecrucialeventsthatIneededtoresearchfurther.Additionally,this

sourcewasusedasfurthersupportfortheconclusionsIdrewfromformer-presidentBushstelevisedaddress

announcingthebeginningoftheIraqWar.

Lydersen,Kari."WarCosting$720MillionEachDay,GroupSays."Washington
Post,22Sept.2007,
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/21/AR2007092102074.html.

ThemainpieceofevidenceusedfromLydersensarticleisthestatisticalinformationthattheIraqWar

approximatelycost$720millioneachday.However,Lydersensarticlealsoofferedfurtherinsightintowhyit

isoddthattheAmericanpeopleinitiallysupportedtheIraqWar.

"MediaPollsontheIraqWarbetween2003and2007."Politifact,
www.politifact.com/iraq-war-polls/.

ThearticlefromPolitifactofferedthestatisticalinformationofpublicresponsestomediapollsregarding

supportoftheIraqWarfrom2003-2007.Thissourcewasacrucialpieceofevidenceasitheavilyinfluenced
myconclusionsregardingpublicsupport.ItalsoprovidedsignificantevidencewhichIusedtofurther

supporttheconclusionsIdrewfromthenationalpollsdocument.

Mogadishubattle-Somaliawarfootage/GuerradeSomaliaYouTube,uploadedbyAntiJSIL,8Nov.2014,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXI0km2hKyQ.Accessed4June2017.

FootageusedinPSA

NarrowSupportforTrumpsStrikeinSyria.11Apr.2017.WashingtonPost,
www.washingtonpost.com/page/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2017/04/10/National-Politics/Pollin
g/release_465.xml.Accessed20May2017.Manuscript.

CompletewithsevenquestionsregardingrecentdevelopmentsinUSinvolvementinSyria,including

DonaldTrumps2017airstrikes,thisrawdatapublishedbytheWashingtonpostcapturesAmericanpublic

opinionsregardingrecentdevelopmentsinSyria.Thisdata,displayedininteractivebarcharts,canbe

filteredtoshowresultsbasedonsex,race,ethnicity,politicalaffiliation,andage.Overall,thedatasuggests

thatamajorityofAmericanssupporttherecentairstrikes.

OConnor,NancyLenore.TheSpanish-AmericanWar:ARe-EvaluationofItsCauses.Science&Society,
vol.22,no.2,Spring1958,pp.129-43.JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/40400561?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Spanish-American
&searchText=War&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DSpanish-American%2
BWar%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Brefreqid%3Dsearch%253Aea3ed9de6bacafc4beb37e3257
19d281%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bhp%3D25%26amp%3Bso%3Drel%26amp%3Bfc%3
Doff%26amp%3Bpage%3D2%26amp%3Bprq%3DSpanish-American%2BWar%2Bpopularity&refr
eqid=search%3A9c60f3ad7a61377fbe0664f16fe994e8&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.Accessed3
June2017.

OConnorgaveaverydetailedaccountofeventsleadinguptotheSpanish-AmericanWarandtheclimateof

theglobeatthetime.AlthoughIdidnotcitethesourceinanywrittenmaterial,itprovidedafoundationon

whichtobuildmyargumentanddevelopamentalmodelofthetime.

Offner,JohnL.McKinleyandtheSpanish-AmericanWar.PresidentialStudiesQuarterly,vol.34,no.1,Mar.
2004,pp.50-61.JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/27552563?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Spanish-American
&searchText=War&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DSpanish-American%2
BWar%2B%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%
3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3BresultsServiceName%3DdoBackToBasicResults&refreqid=search%3A8c2
97d63dc4623e158396ec7a468d7fd&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents.Accessed2June2017.

JohnL.OffnergoesintogreatdepthregardingPresidentMcKinleysactionsinCubaandmotivations.He

remainsobjectiveandrefrainsfrommakingassumptions.Bydiscussingandanalyzingspecificactionstaken

bythepresident,thissourcegavemegreatevidencethatdirectlyrelatedtomyproject.

PearlHarborAttack.EncyclopdiaBritannica,EncyclopdiaBritannica,inc.,23Feb.2017,
www.britannica.com/event/Pearl-Harbor-attack.Accessed31May2017.

InthisarticleonEncyclopdiaBritannica,IfoundfactsandstatisticsabouttheattackonPearlHarbor.First

discussingthegeneralfactsoftheattackonPearlHarbor,thearticlethengoesontodiscussspecificsabout

theattack.Discussingthereasonsfortheattack,thisarticlelistspotentialmotivationsoftheJapanese.

Followingthis,thearticlediscussestime,method,andcasualtiesoftheattack.Bydiscussing,indepth,various

topicssurroundingtheattackonPearlHarbor,thisarticleprovidesacomprehensiveunderstandingofthe

detailsoftheattack.

Prez,LouisA.,Jr.TheMeaningoftheMaine:CausationandtheHistoriographyoftheSpanish-American
War.PacificHistoricalReview,vol.58,no.3,Aug.1983,pp.293-322.JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/3640268?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Spanish-American&
searchText=War&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Frefreqid%3Dsearch%253Aacbcd541
10bd3b48a2f275f37bc234a3%26amp%3BQuery%3DSpanish-American%2BWar%26amp%3Bpage
%3D4%26amp%3BresultsServiceName%3DdoBackToBasicResults%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp
%3Bprq%3DSpanish-American%2BWar%2Bpopularity%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bso%3
Drel%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bhp%3D25&refreqid=search%3Ab36908ea00af739a4fb69
81ac555a91e&seq=7#page_scan_tab_contents.Accessed4June2017.

ThisjournalbyLouisPrezextensivelydetailedtheeventsleadinguptotheSpanish-AmericanWar,shiftsin

publicopinion,andtheircauses.Byreviewingliteratureandstatementsfromsenatorsatthetime,hewasable
toanalyzehowpublicopinionchangedwithouttheubiquitousopinionpollsweseetoday.Idrewalotofmy

conclusionsfromthissource,anditprovidedsensationalevidence.

Pessen,Edward,etal.UnitedStates.EncyclopediaBritannica,EncyclopediaBritannica,19May2017.p.30,
www.britannica.com/place/United-States/The-Populists#ref612950.Accessed3June2017.

Thisencyclopaediaentrycoveredcontextforthewaraswellassomeofthecausesandresults.Itprovideda

briefoverviewtodevelopmyoverallunderstandingofthewarandabitofinformationformycontext

statementatthebeginningofmysection.

Pfiffner,James,P."DidPresidentBushMisleadtheCountryinHisArgumentsfor
WarwithIraq?"PresidentialStudiesQuarterly,vol.34,no.1,Mar.2004.
QuestiaOnlineLibrary,
www.questiaschool.com/library/journal/1G1-119613584/did-president-bush-mislead-the-country-in-his-argu
ments.

ThisarticlefromJamesPfiffnerdiscussedthemistakesofformer-presidentBushinregardstohisinforming

thepublicoftherealisticthreatsofIraq.Iusedthissourcemainlytoconfirmthecrucialpieceofevidence

thatdiscussedBushsmainargumentforjustifyingthewar.

PresidentDonaldTrumpRemarksonSyriaAirstrike.7Apr.2017.Issues&Controversies,InfobaseLearning,
http://icof.infobaselearning.com/recordurl.aspx?ID=16476.Accessed4June2017.

Thistranscript,originallyreleasedbytheWhiteHouse,containskeyremarksmadebyDonaldTrumpon

thenightoftheApril2017U.S.airstrikesinSyria.Thespeechfeaturesdescriptivelanguage,drawing

attentiontothecruelfashioninwhichnumerousinnocentchildren,women,andmenwereslaughteredat

thehandsoftheSyriangovernment.Inadditiontoutilizingethosappeal,thespeechemphasizesthe

strategicbenefitsgainedbytheU.S.fromtheattacks,especiallyimprovementsindomesticsecurityand

protectingAmericansoldiers.

PresidentObamaCondemnsChemicalWeaponsAttacksinSyria.10Sept.2013.Issues&Controversies,
InfobaseLearning,http://icof.infobaselearning.com/recordurl.aspx?ID=11817.Accessed4June
2017.

AprimarysourcedocumentoriginallyreleasedbytheWhiteHouse,thistranscriptcontainsanexcerptfrom

PresidentObamasspeechdetailingrecentdevelopmentsintheSyrianCivilWarasofSeptember2013.This

speechfocusesontheUnitedStatesresponsibilitytoupholdtheintegrityofinternationalchemicalweapons

bansandAmericanidealsabroad.ThisspeechhighlightsU.S.interventionasservingagreaterpurposerather

thanofferingdomesticsecurity.

PresidentObamaDetailsU.S.PlantoFightISIS.10September2014.Issues&Controversies,Infobase
Learning,http://icof.infobaselearning.com/recordurl.aspx?ID=14785.Accessed4June2017.

Thisprimarydocument,anoriginalspeechdeliveredbyPresidentObamaandpublishedbytheWhite

House,offersasnapshotofthewayinwhichthegovernmentportraysU.S.interventioninSyria,

particularlytofightISIL.ThisspeechdetailstherecentdevelopmentsoftheIslamiccaliphateandtheirrole

intheSyrianCivilWar.ThespeechdrawsattentiontoU.S.interventioninSyriaaspotentiallyproviding

domesticandglobalsecurity.

"PublicAttitudestowardtheWarinIraq:2003-2008."PewResearchCenter,19
Mar.2008,
www.pewresearch.org/2008/03/19/public-attitudes-toward-the-war-in-iraq-20032008/.

ThisarticlefromthePewResearchCenterprovidedmewiththestatisticalinformationregardingthenational

opinionoftheIraqWarfromtheyears2003-2008.Theevidencegatheredfromthissourceplayedacrucial

roleinsupportingtheotherevidencegatheredfromthemediapolls.Thissourcealsofurtheredthecredibility

ofmyconclusionsregardingpublicopinionontheIraqWar.

"RationalefortheIraqWar."Wikipedia,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationale_for_the_Iraq_War.

ThissourcediscussedthepoliticalrationalefortheIraqWaringreatdetail.WhileIdidnotusethissourceas

amajorpieceofevidence,Iuseditinsteadasaninitialfoundationofeventsandgeneralevidencefromwhich

IcouldfindmoredetailedandreliableresearchregardingtheIraqWar.

RonaldReagan:FirstInauguralAddress(3of3).YouTube,uploadedbyZzx2847,13July2007,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8cEV7MMr80.Accessed4June2017.

FootageusedinPSA

Royde-Smith,JohnGraham.WorldWarII.EncyclopaediaBritannica,EncyclopdiaBritannica,19May2017,
www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II.Accessed1June2017.

ThisarticleonEncyclopdiaBritannica,WorldWarII,waswrittenbyJohnGrahamRoyde-Smithand

providesabriefoverviewofWorldWarII.Discussingthesidesofthewar--theAxisPowersandthe

Allies--thisarticlegoesontodiscussesthecausesforconflictoneitherside.Continuingfromthis,

Royde-SmithdiscusseshowthegeopoliticalhistoryofWWIledtoWWII.

September2013WashingtonPost-ABCNewspoll-Syria.19Sept.2013.WashingtonPost,
www.washingtonpost.com/page/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2013/09/17/National-Politics/Pollin
g/release_261.xml?uuid=zmnZkh9NEeOa0JYkQQDmRw.Accessed20May2017.Rawdata.

ThisoriginaldatapublishedbytheWashingtonPostfroma2013pollcontainsresultsofthirteenquestions.

ThepollfocusesonpublicopinionsurroundingObamaspresidencywithanemphasisonrecentU.S.

interventionsinSyria.Thedatacanbeseparatedintoresultsbasedonsex,age,politicalaffiliation,ideology,

voterregistration,householdincome,andotherfactors.ThepollsuggeststhatthemajorityofAmericans

opposeinterventioninSyriaandfeelthatU.S.svitalinterestsarenotatstakeintheSyrianCivilWar.

SpecialOperationsAirInsertion,RIMPAC2014.WikimediaCommons,3Apr.2017,
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Special_Operations_Air_Insertion,_RIMPAC_2014_DOD_1018
07036.webm.Accessed4June2017.

FootageusedinPSA

TheOnlyExistingFootageOf1stPlaneHittingWTC.YouTube,uploadedbyReal911Questions,12June
2015,www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3shmfKOZ9g.Accessed4June2017.

FootageusedinPSA

U.S.MarinesinBattleofFallujah-UrbanCombatFootage|IraqWar.YouTube,uploadedbyWarClashes,
19Feb.2016,www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3jbUSIsNms.Accessed4June2017.

FootageusedinPSA

WarinBosnia-CombatFootage.Military.com,uploadedbyMember26835147,MilitaryAdvantage,30Aug.
2011,
www.military.com/video/operations-and-strategy/warfare/war-in-bosnia-combat-footage/11360701
83001.Accessed4June2017.

FootageusedinPSA

"WarinIraqBegins."History.com,A&ENetworks,
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/war-in-iraq-begins.

ThisarticlefromHistory.comdiscussedtheprocessthateventuallyledtoU.S.militaryinterventioninIraq.In

additiontotheimportantinformationthissourcecontained,thissourcealsoprovidedasignificantquotethat

wasusedasamajorpieceofevidencefromformer-presidentBushstelevisedaddressofthebeginningofthe

IraqWar.

WorldWarII.History,A&ETelevisionNetworks,www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii.Accessed1June
2017.

TheshortparagraphfoundonHistory.comisentitledWorldWarIIandprovidesaverybriefandsuccinct

introductiontothewar.ItcontainsinformationaboutwhenWorldWarIIbegan,whenWorldWarIIended,

andtotalcasualties.Becauseitisonlyaparagraph,thissourcewasnotamajorsourceofinformationforme;

rather,itservedtoprovidealittlebitofcontextbeforedivingintotheresearchprocess.