APPENDIX A:

STRUCTURAL NOTATIONS:

Ag = Gross area of section, mm2.

As = area of nonprestressed tension reinforcement, mm 2.

A st = total area of nonprestressed longitudinal reinforcement (bars and steel shapes), mm 2.

Av = area of shear reinforcement within a distance s, mm 2.

A vf = area of shear-friction reinforcement, mm 2.

A ' s = area of compression reinforcement, mm 2.

b = width of compression face of member, mm.

bw = web width, mm.

c = distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral axis, mm.

cc = clear cover from the nearest surface in tension to the surface of the flexural tension
reinforcement, mm.
Cm = a factor relating actual moment diagram to an equivalent uniform moment diagram.

D = dead loads, or related internal moments and forces.

d = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, mm.

d' = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of compression reinforcement, mm.

db = nominal diameter of bar, wire, or pre-stressing strand, mm.

dc = thickness of concrete cover measure from extreme tension fiber to center of bar or wire located
closest thereto, mm.
 ds = distance from extreme tension fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, mm.

dt = distance from extreme compression fiber to extreme tension steel, mm.

Ec = modulus of elasticity of concrete, MPa.

E = load effects of earthquake, or related internal moments and forces.

Es = modulus of elasticity of reinforcement, MPa.

f 'c = specified compressive strength of concrete, MPa.

fy = specified yield strength of nonprestressed reinforcement, MPa.

f yt = specified yield strength fy

Ie = effective moment of inertia for computation of deflection, mm 4.

Ig = moment of inertia of gross concrete section about centroidal axis, neglecting reinforcement, mm 4.

L = live loads, or related internal moments and forces.

Ld = development length, mm.

ln = length of clear span measured face-to-face of supports, mm.

M a = maximum moment in member at stage deflection is computed.

M cr = cracking moment

Pb = nominal axial load strength at balanced strain conditions

Pn = nominal axial load strength at given eccentricity.

ts = Thickness of slab
Vc = nominal shear strength provided by concrete

W = wind load, or related integral moments and forces.

 wc = unit weight of concrete, kN/m 3.

wu = factored load per unit length of beam or per unit area of slab.

Ws = Effective width of slab, mm

I = moment of inertia of section beam about the centroidal axis, mm 4.

= strength-reduction factor

b = reinforcement ratio producing balanced strain conditions.

' = ratio of nonprestressed compression reinforcement = A ' s /bd

= ration of nonprestressed tension reinforcement = A s /bd

wc = unit weight of concrete, kN/m 3

DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Modulus of elasticity- Young's modulus ( E ) describes tensile elasticity, or the tendency of an object to
deform along an axis when opposing forces are applied along that axis; it is defined as the ratio of tensile
stress to tensile strain. It is often referred to simply as theelastic modulus.
Modular ratio- is the ratio of Youngs Modulii of Elasticity of two different materials in construction by
composite materials.e.g. in a composite bar consisting of two different materials, one having Young's
modulus E1 and other having Young's modulus E2, then modular ratio is given by E1/E2.
f'c- is the specified compressive strength of concrete using standard cylinders of six inches diameter and
twelve inches height. Usually this is prescribed at the age of 28 days.
Moment of Inertia- a quantity expressing a body's tendency to resist angular acceleration. It is the sum of
the products of the mass of each particle in the body with the square of its distance from the axis of
rotation.
Unit weight- The specific weight (also known as the unit weight) is the weight per unit volume of a
material. The symbol of specific weight is (the Greek letter Gamma).
Dead Load-
the intrinsic invariable weight of a structure, such as a bridge. It may also include any permanentloads attac
hed to the structure.
Live load- a variable weight on a structure, such as moving traffic on a bridge.
Yield strength- refers to an indication of maximum stress that can be developed in a material without
causing plastic deformation. A material exhibits a specified permanent deformation and is a practical
approximation of the elastic limit at the stress. The yield strength is often used as an upper limit for the
allowable stress that can be applied.
Section modulus- is a geometric property for a given cross-section used in the design of beams or
flexural members. Other geometric properties used in design include area for tension and shear, radius of
gyration for compression, and moment of inertia and polar moment of inertia for stiffness.
Bending stress- is the normal stress that is induced at a point in a body subjected to loads that cause it to
bend. When a load is applied perpendicular to the length of a beam (with two supports on each end),
bending moments are induced in the beam.
shear stress- often denoted (Greek: tau), is defined as the component of stress coplanar with a material
cross section.Shear stress arises from the force vector component parallel to the cross section.
Shear connector- A connector (such as a welded stud, spiral bar, or short length of channel) which
resists horizontal shear between elements of a composite beam.
Deflection- is the degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load. It may refer to an angle
or a distance.
Tensile strength- refers to the amount of tensile (stretching) stress a material can withstand before
breaking or failing.
Eccentricity- A conic section is the curve described by a point which moves in a plane in such a manner
that it's distance from a fixed point in the plane (a focus) is in a constant ratio to it's distance from a fixed
line (a directrix) in the plane.
Jacking forces- are the sum of the vertical forcecomponents experienced by the suspension links.
Curvature friction loss- is basically the loss in tensioning or jacking force due to design curvature
wobble friction or wobble coefficient- is a function of unintended deviation due to faulty workmanship or
field restrictions.
Compressive strength- the resistance of a material to breaking under compression.

APPENDIX B:

SECTION PROPERTIES OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

I. REFERENCE
AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition - 2002

II. INPUT

A. SUPERSTRUCTURE DATA
 Effective width of slab Ws = 5500 mm

Thickness of slab ts = 200 mm

Modulus of elasticity Ecs = 25030 MPa

(slab f'c = 28 Mpa)

Modulus of elasticity Ecg = 200000 MPa

Modular ratio (n) n = 7.990

Ecg
n=
No. of Girders Ecs N = 3

Girder distances from Z-axis S = 2.1 m

= 0 m
= 2.1 m

B. PROPERTIES OF ONE STEEL GIRDER

Type of Girder Type = W 33 x
201

Area Ag = 0.0381 m2

Modulus of Elasticity (z-axis) Iz = 0.0048 m4

Modulus of Elasticity (y-axis) Iy = 0.0003 m4

Modulus of Elasticity (x-axis) Ix = 0.0048 m4

Centroid Yb = 0.4277 m

Section Modulus Sc = 0.01119 m3

Weight W = 2.94 kN/m

Thickness of flange tf = 29.21 mm

Thickness of web tw = 18.16 mm

Width of flange bf = 399.82 mm

Depth of Girder Dg = 0.8555 m

III SECTION PROPERTIES OF SUPERSTRUCTURE
.
A. DIMENSIONS OF THE TRANSFORMED SECTION
Ws_tr = 0.688 m
Ws
W s tr =
n

ts_tr = 0.025 m
ts
t str =
n
B. DISTANCE FROM C.G. OF SECTION TO BOTTOM OF GIRDERS
Dtot = 1.05547 m
Dtot=Dg+ ts

Atot = 0.25 m2
Atot =NAg+W s trts

ycg=
1
Atot [ ( ts
)
W str ts Dg+ + NAgyb
2
ycg = 0.716
] m

C. MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT THE Z-AXIS, Iz

2
1 ts
Iz=
12 ( 2
Iz = 0.023
)
W s trt s 3+ W s trts Dtot ycg + NIz g
m4

D. MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT THE Y-AXIS, Iy

N
1 2
Iy= W s 3t s tr + NI y g + Ag ( Si )
12 i=1

Iy = 0.684 m4

EQUIVALENT AREA OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

I. REFERENCE
AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition - 2002

II. INPUT
Span Length Ls = 18.5 m
 Girder Length Ls = 18.4 m

No. of Girders Ngir = 3

Total Width of Superstructure Wss = 5.5 m

Total Width of Roadway Rw = 3.5 m

Area of Steel Girder Agir = 0.038 m2

Centroid of Girder Ytg = 0.428 m

Deck Slab Thickness tds = 200 mm

Additional Slab Thickness taddl = 0 mm

Thickness of wearing surface tws = 50 mm

Area of Concrete Railing Arail = 0.2 m2

Area of Concrete Sidewalk Asw = 0.25 m2

Unit Wt. of Wearing Surface ws = 22 kN/m3

Unit Wt. of Concrete conc = 24 kN/m3

III. WEIGHT AND EQUIVALENT AREA COMPUTATION

A. DEAD LOADS (SLAB AND GIRDER)
Wt. of Slab (inc. Diaphragm) Ws = 29.040 kN/m

Ws=( tds+taddl )concWss1.1

Wt. of Girders Wg = 2.745 kN/m

Wg=AgirNgirconc

B. SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOADS

Wt. of Concrete Railing Wtrail = 9.6 kN/m

Wtrail=2Arailconc

Wt. of Concrete Sidewalk Wtsw = 12.00 kN/m

Wtsw=2Aswconc
 Wt. of Wearing Surface Wtws = 4.24 kN/m

Wtws=Rwtwsws1.10

C. TOTAL DEAD LOAD

DLsup=Wtrail+Wtsw+Wtws+Ws +Wg
DLsup = 57.62 kN/m

D. TOTAL EQUIVALENT AREA, Ax for STAAD Input (Seismic Analysis)

Ax = 2.401 m2
DLsup1
Ax=
conc
DESIGN OF INTERIOR DECK SLAB

I. INPUT
A. SUPERSTRUCTURE DATA (Considering 1-m strip of deck slab)
Thickness of slab ts = 200 mm

Width of slab bs = 1000 mm

Effective span length of slab S = 2100 mm

Thickness of future wearing surface tfws = 50 mm

Girder width (average) bg = 399.82 mm

Girder depth (from bottom of slab) dg = 855.5 mm

Typical girder spacing Sg = 2.1 m

B. MATERIAL DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS

Compressive strength of concrete f'c = 28 MPa

Yield strength of steel fy = 414 MPa

Main bar diameter db = 16 mm

Temperature bar diameter dt = 12 mm

Distribution bar diameter dd = 16 mm

 Unit weight of concrete conc = 24 kN/m3

Unit weight of future wearing surface fws = 22 kN/m3

Reduction factor for flexure = 0.9

Clear cover cc = 40 mm

Area of single main bar Ab = 201.06 mm2

Ab= d b 2
4
Area of single temp bar At = 113.10 mm2

At = d t 2
4
Area of single dist bar Ad = 201.06 mm2

Ad= d d 2
4

II. LOADS AND DESIGN FORCES CALCULATIONS

A. DEAD LOAD
Weight of slab (including diaphragm) Wslab = 5.04 kN/m2

Wslab=tsconc1.05
Weight of wearing surface Wfws = 1.21 kN/m2

Wfws=tfwsfws1.10
Total Weight of DL WDL = 6.25 kN/m2

WDL=Wslab+Wfws
Moment due to DL MDL = 2.76 kN*m/m

1
MDL= WDLS 2
10
B. LIVE LOAD
HS 20-444 Truck Loading P = 72 kN
(wheel load = 144/2)

Impact Factor I = 0.3

Overloading factor (LL inc by 15%) OP = 1.15

 Continuity factor k = 0.8

AASHTO 3.24.3.1 Case A - Main Reinforcement Perpendicular to Traffic

Moment due to LL+I MLL+I = 23.92 kN*m/m

S+2ft

C.
(
MLL+ I =
32ft )
DESIGN ULTIMATE MOMENT
P(1+ I )OPk

Ultimate Moment Mu = 55.49 kN*m/m

Mu=1.30MDL+2.17MLL+ I

Cracking Moment Mcr = 26.37 kN*m/m

1.201
Mcr= 19.7 f ' ckPats2
6

Design Ultimate Moment MU = 55.49 kN*m/m

|
4
(
Mcr if ( Mcr> Mu ) Mcr< Mu
3 )
MU = Mu if Mcr< Mu
4 4
Mu if Mcr Mu
3 3
Maximum Steel Requirement 1 = 0.85

|
0.85 if f ' c <30Mpa
1= '
0.850.008 (
f c
Mpa )
30 otherwise max = 0.022

[ )]
1f ' c 600
max=0.75 0.85
fy

( 600+
fy
Mpa

III. DESIGN OF REINFORCEMENTS

A. TOP AND BOTTOM REINFORCEMENTS
Effective depth of slab d = 152 mm

db
d=tscc
2
k = 0.095
Mum
k= ' 2
f cbsd
 q = 0.101
1.70 1.7026.80k
q=
2
Required steel ratio = 0.007

qf ' c
=
fy
Minimum steel ratio min = 0.003

1.4
min=
fy

Required area of steel As = 1041.99 mm2

As=bsd

Spacing of main reinforcement spacing = 192.96 mm

bsAb
spacing=
As
say Sb = 150 mm

16 mm @ 150 mm. O.C. reinforcements for top and bottom of slab

B. DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT
Note: Distribution reinforcement shall be placed transverse to the main steel reinforcement
in the bottom of all slabs to provide for the lateral distribution of the concentrated live loads.

The area of secondary steel should not exceed 67% of the area for primary reinforcement

%As = 83.50 %
121m
%As=
Sm
Required area of secondary steel As_d = 698.13 mm2

|
A s d = %AsAsif %As 67
67 %As otherwise
Spacing of secondary steel spacing = 288.00 mm

bsAd
spacing=
A sd say Sd = 250 mm

16 mm @ 250 mm. O.C. distribution reinforcements for bottom of slab

C. SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT
AASHTO 8.20.1
Minimum area of shrinkage and temperature reinforcement
As_t = 264.58 mm2
1
8
( )
in 2
A s t= spacingofbs
Maximum ft
shrinkage and temperature
reinforcement

bsAt
, 3ts , 18
A st spacing = 427.45 mm

say St = 180 mm
spacing=min
12 mm @ 180 mm. O.C. shrinkage and temperature reinforcement for top of slab

DESIGN OF CANTILEVER DECK SLAB

I. INPUT
A. SUPERSTRUCTURE DATA
Thickness of slab ts = 200 mm

Width of slab bs = 1000 mm

Area of Sidewalk Asw = 0.25 m2

Area of Railing Arail = 0.2 m2

B. MATERIAL DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS

Compressive strength of concrete f'c = 28 MPa

Yield strength of steel fy = 414 MPa

Main bar diameter db = 16 mm

Area of single main bar Ab = 201.06 mm2

2
Ab= db
4
Unit weight of concrete conc = 24 kN/m3

Reduction factor for flexure = 0.9

 Clear cover cc = 40 mm

II. LOADS AND DESIGN FORCES

CALCULATIONS
A. DEAD LOAD
Weight of sidewalk Wsw = 6 kN/m

Wsw= Aswconc

Moment arm of sidewalk Xsw = 0.225 m

Weight of railing Wrail = 5.52 kN/m

Wrail= Arailconc1.15

Moment arm of railing Xrail = 0.3 m

Moment due to DL MDL = 3.01 kN*m/m

MDL=WswXsw +WrailXrail

B. LIVE LOAD
HS 20-44 Truck Loading P = 72 kN
(wheel load = 144/2kN)

Impact factor I = 0.3

Lever arm of Truck Load X = 0.15 m

AASHTO 3.24.5.1.1
Each wheel on the element perpendicular to traffic shall be
distributed over a width according to the following formula:
E = 1.26 m
E=0.80X +3.75ft

Moment due to LL MLL+I = 11.12 kN*m/m

X
MLL+ I =P
C. DESIGN ULTIMATE MOMENT
E ( )
( 1+ I )

Ultimate Moment Mu = 28.03 kN*m/m

Mu=1.30MDL+2.17MLL+ I
III. DESIGN OF REINFORCEMENTS
A. TOP REINFORCEMENTS
Effective depth of slab d = 152 mm

db
d=tscc
2

k = 0.048
Mum
k=
f ' cbsd 2

1.70 1.7026.80k q = 0.050

q=
2

Required steel ratio = 0.003

qf ' c
=
fy

Minimum steel ratio min = 0.003

1.4
min=
fy

Required area of steel As = 514.01 mm2

As=bsd

Spacing of main reinforcement spacing = 391.16 mm

bsAb
spacing=
As
say Sb = 200 mm
16 mm @ 200 mm O.C. reinforcements for top of cantilever slab

DESIGN OF STEEL GIRDER:

I. REFERENCE
AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition - 2002

II. INPUT
A. BRIDGE DATA:
A.1 SECTIONAL PROPERTIES (W 33 x 201)
Cross sectional area Ag = 0.038129 m2

Moment of Inertia Iz = 0.004787 m4

Section Modulus Sc = 0.01119 m3

Weight per meter = 2.94 kN/m

Thickness of flange tf = 29.21 mm

Thickness of web tw = 18.16 mm

Width of flange bf = 399.82 mm

Depth d = 855.5 mm

A.2 GIRDERS AND SPAN

Span Length Ls = 18.5 m

Number of Girders n = 3

Spacing of Girders Sg = 2.1 m

Thickness of Slab (average) tsa = 180 mm

Thickness of Slab ts = 200 mm

Thickness of Wearing Surface tws = 50 mm

Area of Concrete Side Barrier Asb = 0.425 m2

Width of Superstructure Wss = 5.5 m

Width of Roadway Rw = 3.5 m

Bearing to Bearing Bridge Span Lg = 16 m

Lg=Ls2.5

B. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SPECIFICATION

Unit Wt. of Concrete conc = 24 kN/m3

Unit Wt. of Future Wearing Surface fws = 22 kN/m3

 Unit Wt. of Structural Steel steel = 77 kN/m3

Compressive Strength of Concrete f'c = 28 MPa

Yield Strength of Steel Fy = 414 MPa

Elastic Modulus of Steel Es = 200 GPa

Elastic Modulus of Concrete Ec = 23 GPa

III. LOADS AND FORCES CALCULATION

A. COMPUTATION OF DEAD LOAD MOMENTS
A.1 NON-COMPOSITE LOADS
Wt. of slab Ws = 9.98 kN/m

Ws=tsa conc * Sg *
1.10
Wt. of Girder Wg = 3.23 kN/m

Wg=1.10

Total Weight Wt1 = 13.21 kN/m

Wt 1=Ws+Wg

Total Moment Ml = 422.82 kN*m

2
Wt 1Lg
Ml=
8
A.2 COMPOSITE LOADS
Wt. of Side Barrier Wsb = 6.8 kN/m

Asb conc2
Wsb=
n
Wt. of Wearing Surface Wbws = 1.41 kN/m

tbws fwsRw1.10
Wbws=
n
Total Weight Wt2 = 8.21 kN/m

Wt 2=Wsb+Wbws

Total Moment M2 = 262.77 kN*m

 Wt 2Lg2
M 2=
8
B. COMPUTATION OF LIVE LOAD MOMENTS
AASHTO 3.8.2.1
Impact Fraction IF = 0.3

50 ft
I= 0.30
Lg+ 125 ft

Distribution Factor for Steel I-Beam Girders

3.24 ft
Sg( )
1m DF = 1.25
DF=
5.5 ft
x = 3.73 m
Lg24.27
x=
2

Reaction at Support A Ra = 95.41 m

x( 18 kN ) + ( x +4.27 m )( 72kN )+ ( x+ 8.54 m )(72 kN )

Ra=
Lg
Moment at Point C Mc = 455.85 kN*m

Mc=Ra ( 4.27 m+ x )72 kN4.27 m

Live Load Moment Mll = 742.16

Mll=McDF(1+ IF )

Modular Ratio nr = 0.115

Ec
nr=
Effective Flange Width Es Se = 0.24 m

Se=nrSg
IV. DETERMINATION OF ALLOWABLE AND ACTUAL STRESSES:
A. COMPOSITE SECTION PROPERTIES
Area of Transformed Section Ats = 0.086 m2

Ats=( Sets ) + Ag

N.A. from the bottom

tf 2bf ( d2tf tf 2 d+ ts
Yb=
2
+ d2tf )tw (
2 ) (
+tf +tf bf d + Sets
2 ) 2 ( )
Ats
 Yb = 0.721 m

N.A. from the top Yt = 0.334 m

Yt =d +tsYb

Moment of Inertia about the X-axis

[ )] [ ) ] Ix
3 2 2
Sets ts d
Ix=
12 (
+ Sets Yt
2 (
+ Iz+ Ag Yb
2
= 0.0109 m4

Section Modulus (Bottom) Sb = 0.015 m3

Ix
Sb=
Yb
Sectiom Modulus (Top) St = 0.03 m3

Ix
St=
B. CHECKING FOR BENDING
Yt STRESS
Actual Bending Stress factb = 104.38 MPa

M 1 (M 2+ Mll)
factb= +
Sc Sb

Allowable Bending Stress fallowb = 227.7 MPa

fallowb=0.55Fy

|
Remark= OKAY if factb< fallowb
Not Okay otherwise
Remark = OKAY!

C. CHECKING FOR SHEAR STRESSES

Shear at Support due to Dead Load Vdl = 171.40 kN

Wt 1Lg Wt 2Lg
Vdl= +
2 2

Reactions at Support

72 kNLg+72 kN( Lg4.27 m ) +18 kN(Lg8.54 m)

Rva=
Lg
 Rva = 133.18 kN

Shear at Support Vll = 133.18 kN

VllRva
Depth of Web at Support dw = 500 mm

Actual Shearing Stress factv = 33.54 MPa

Vdl +Vll
factv =
dwtw

Allowable Shearing Stress fallowv = 136.62 MPa

falllowv=0.33Fy

|
Remark= OKAY if factv < fallowv
Not Okay otherwise
Remark = OKAY!

D. CHECKING FOR STIFFENERS

b 3250
= 24
tallow fb

Actual b/t ratio b/tact = 13.69

Allow b/t ratio b/tallow = 26.41

Remark: Remark = OKAY!

OKAY if b/tact <
b/tallow
Not OKAY
otherwise

18.16 D fb = 0.561 mm
18.16 23000 18.16

= 5.03 mm
D
170

Actual web thickness tw_actual = 18.16 mm

 Minimum web thickness

t w min =max [
( d2 tf ) factb
23000

psi (d2 tf )
,
170
] tw_min =
4.26
4.69
4.69 mm

|
Remark= OKAY if t w actual >tw min
Not Okay otherwise
Remark = OKAY!

Therefore, longitudinal stiffener plates are not required.

E. CHECKING FOR SHEAR CONNECTORS

USING C 5 x 9 CONNECTORS

Average Flange Thickness tf_c = 8.128 mm

Web Thickness tw_c = 8.255 mm

Length of Channel Wc = 250 mm

Load Intensity corresponding to number of Cycles

Nc = 2100

Statical Moment of Area (Composite Action)

Q = 1.13E+07 mm3
ts
Q=Sets Yt ( 2 )
Range of Horizontal Shear Sr = 41.54 kN/m

VllIFQ
Sr =
Allowable Range
Ix of Shear Zr = 91875 N

0.175WcNcN
Zr =
mm

Pitch of Connectors Ssc = 2211.51 mm

Zr
Ssc =
Sr
F. DEFLECTIONS
 Weight Due to Non-Composite Loads
Wdl_nc = 13.21 kN/m
Wd l nc=Wt 1

Weight Due to Composite Loads

Wdl_comp = 8.21 kN/m
Wd l comp=Wt
2
Deflection Due to Non-Composite Loads
dl_nc = -5.18 mm
4
5Wd l ncLg
d l nc =
384IxEs
Deflection Due to Composite Loads
dl_comp = -3.22 mm
4
5Wd l compLg
d l comp=
384IxEs
Total Deflection dl = -8.40 mm

dl=d l nc + d l comp
Camber to be Provided Camber = 30 mm

DESIGN OF COPING

I. REFERENCE
AASHTO Standard Specificaations for Highway Bridge, 17th Edition - 2002
National Structural Code of the Philippines, Vol. II Bridges, 2010

II. INPUT
A. BRIDGE DATA
No. of Girders in Span2 Ng2 = 3

No. of Girders in Span1 Ng1 = 3

No. of girders on one side of cantilever

n1 = 1

n2 = 1

Distance of girders from centerline of column

S1i = 2.1 m

S2j = 2.09 m

Length of cantilever beam Lc = 2.75 m

A.1 DECK SLAB, SIDEWALK, POST, RAIL AND PARAPET
Total width of superstructure Wt = 5.5 m

Total clear roadway width Wr = 3.5 m

Deck slab thickness Ts = 200 mm

Future wearing surface thickness

Tfws = 50 mm

No. of lanes Nlanes = 1

Area of side barrier/parapet Asb = 0.425 m2

Area of median barrier Amed = 0 m2

A.2 GIRDERS AND SPAN

SPAN1
Span Length Ls1 = 18.5 m

Length of Girders Lg1 = 18.45 m

Girder type Gt1 = W 33 x 201

Area of Girder Ag1 = 0.038129 m2

No. of Girders Ng1 = 3

SPAN2
Span Length Ls2 = 18.5 m

Length of Girders Lg2 = 18.45 m

Girder type Gt2 = W 33 x 201

Area of Girder Ag2 = 0.038129 m2

No. of Girders Ng2 = 3

A.3 COLUMN AND COPING DATA AND SECTION PROPERTIES

Height of coping hc = 1600 mm

 Width of coping bc = 5500 mm

Web width of coping bwc = 1200 mm

Area of coping Ac = 1.92 m2

Diameter/Width of column bcol = 1000 mm

Column Shape Shcol = 2

Input: 1=Rectangular, 2=Circular

Effective dimension of column Sc = 0.89 m

|
bcol if Shcol=1
Sc= bcol2
if Shcol=2
4

Effective depth of coping (for flexure)

df = 1450 mm
df =hc150 mm
Effective depth of coping (for shear)
dv = 1450 mm
dv=hc150 mm

B. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SPECIFICATIONS

Unit wt. of Reinforced Concrete conc = 24 kN/m3

Unit wt. of future wearing surface fws = 22 kN/m3

Unit wt. of Structural Steel steel = 77 kN/m3

Compressive Strength of Concrete f'c = 28 MPa

Yield Strength of Steel fy = 414 MPa

Diameter of main top bars dbt = 36 mm

Diameter of stirrups ds = 16 mm

Reduction factor for flexure f = 0.9

Reduction factor for shear v = 0.85

 III. LOADS AND FORCES CALCULATION:
A. DEAD LOAD:
A.1 LOAD CALCULATION AND REACTION COMPUTATION
SPAN1
Weight of slab + dia wslab1 = 29.04 kN/m

wslab 1=WtTsconc1.10

Weight of girder

wg 1= Ag1Ng1steel ( Ls 11.70
Ls 1
m
) wg1 = 8.00 kN/m

Weight of FWS wfws1 = 4.235 kN/m

wfws 1=WrTfwsfws1.10

Weight of side barrier wsb1 = 20.4 kN/m

wsb 1=2Asbconc
Weight of median barrier wmed1 = 0 kN/m

wmed 1= Amedconc

Total weight of dead load wdl_1 = 61.67 kN/m

wd l 1=wslab 1+wg 1+wfws 1+wsb 1+ wmed 1

Reaction due to Dead Load (per girder):

l 1Lg 1
wd Rdl_1 = 189.65 kn
2
Rd l 1=
Ng 1
SPAN2
Weight of slab + dia wslab2 = 29.04 kN/m

wslab 2=WtTsconc1.10

Weight of girder

wg 2= Ag 2Ng 2steel ( Ls 21.70

Ls 2
m
) wg2 = 8.00 kN/m
 Weight of FWS wfws2 = 4.235 kN/m

wfws 2=WrTfwsfws1.10

Weight of side barrier wsb2 = 20.4 kN/m

wsb 2=2Asbconc

Weight of median barrier wmed2 = 0 kN/m

wmed 2= Amedconc

Total weight of dead load wdl_2 = 61.67 kN/m

wd l 2=wslab 2+wg 2+wfws 2+ wsb2+ wmed 2

Reaction due to Dead Load (per girder):

l 2Lg 2
wd Rdl_2 = 189.65 kN
2
Rd l 2=
B. LIVE LOAD Ng 2
I = 0.3

wll_lane = 9.34 kN/m

Pll_lane = 116 kN

B.1 LOAD CALCULATION AND REACTION COMPUTATION FROM LANE LIVE LOAD:
FOR SPAN1
Reaction due to Lane Load:(per girder)

wl l laneLg 1+ Plllane
Rl l 1= Nlanes( 1+ I )
2Ng1
Rll_1 = 62.47 kN

FOR SPAN2
Reaction due to Lane Load:(per girder)

wl l laneLg 2+ Pll lane

Rl l 2= Nlanes( 1+ I ) 139
2Ng2
Rll_2 = 62.47 kN
.02
C. DESIGN MOMENT ANAD SHEAR AT CRITICAL SECTION
Selfweight of coping wcop = 46.08 kN/m
 wcop=Acconc

Distance of girder from the critical section (Span1)

x1i = 1.66 m

|
Sc
0 m if S 1i <0
x 1 i= 2
Sc
S 1i otherwise
2
Distance of girder from the critical section (Span2)
x2j = 1.65 m

|
Sc
0 mif S 2 j <0
x 2 j= 2
Sc
C. MOMENT AND SHEARSDUE
2 jTO DEAD
2
otherwise
LOAD
1
Moment due to Dead Load
n1 n2 2
wcop Sc
Mdl= ( Rd l 1x 1 i ) + ( Rd l 2x 2 j ) +
i =1 j=1 2
Lc
2( )
Mdl = 749.16 kN*m
Shear due to Dead Load

n1 n2
Sc
i=1 j=1
(
Vdl= ( Rd l 1 ) + ( Rd l 2 ) + wcop Lc
2 )
Vdl = 864.88 kN

C. MOMENT AND SHEAR DUE TO LIVE LOAD

2
Moment due to Live Load

n1 n2
Mll= ( Rl l 1x 1i ) + ( Rl l 2x 2 j )
i=1 j=1
Mll = 206.39 kN*m

Shear due to Live Load

n1 n2
Vll= ( Rl l 1) + ( Rl l 2 ) Vll = 249.88 kN
i=1 j=1

C. MOMENT AND SHEAR DUE TO LOAD COMBINATION

3
 Moment due to Load Combination Mu = 1421.97 kN*m

Mu=1.30( Mdl+1.67Mll )

Shear due to Load Combination Vu = 1666.84 kN

Vu=1.30( Vdl+1.67Vll )

IV. DESIGN OF COPING:

A. DESIGN OF MAIN REINFORCEMENT
k = 0.005
Mu
k=
f f cbcdf 2
'

1.70 1.7026.80k
q= q = 0.005
2
Required steel ratio = 0.0003

qf ' c
=
fy

Required area of steel As = 3519.42 mm2

4
As= bcdf
3

Area of main reinforcement (top bar, single bar)

Abt = 1017.876 mm2

Abt = dbt 2
4

Number of bars n = 3.46

As
n=
Abt
Design Number of Bars n_final = 4

B. DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Assume spacing of shear reinforcement
sv = 150 mm

Assumed number of legs of shear reinforcement

 nleg = 2

Area of shear reinforcement Av = 402.124 mm2

nleg 2
Av = ds
4

Nominal Shear Vn = 1960.987 kN

V
Vu
n=
Shear strength v
provided by
concrete

Vc=0.17bwcdv f ' cMPa Vc = 1565.226 kN

Shear strength provided by steel Vs = 1609.300 kN

Avfydv
Vs=
sv
Shear capacity
check

=
|
OK if Vc+Vs> Vn
N.G. otherwise Shear_check = OK
Shea r
V. DESIGN SUMMARY
Width of Coping bc = 5.5 m

Web Width of Coping bwc = 1.2 m

Diameter of Main Bars dbt = 36 mm

Height of Coping hc = 1.6 m

Number of Main Reinforcement (Top Bars)

n_final = 4

Number of Bottom Bars

Provided Minimum Number of Bars for Bottom Reinforcement

Diameter of Shear Reinforcement ds = 16 mm

Number of Legs nleg = 2

Spacing of Shear Reinforcement sv = 150 mm

DESIGN OF COLUMN

I. REFERENCE
AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition - 2002

II. INPUT
A. COPING PROPERTIES
Coping Dimension
Coping heights y2 = 1.6 m

y1 = 1.6 m

Coping widths x2 = 1.2 m

x1 = 1.2 m
Cross Sectional Area of Coping

Acop=x 2y 2+ x 1( y 1 y 2)
Acop = 1.92 m2

Centroid location from bottom of Coping

2 y 2 1( y 1 y 2 )( y 1+ y 2)
x 2y +x
2 2
y=
Acop

y = 0.80 m
B. COLUMN PROPERTIES
Column Diameter D = 1000 mm

Column Length (clear) Lclear = 3.7445 m

Concrete Cover cc = 50 mm

Column Cross Sectional Area (gross)

Ag = 0.785 m2
D2
Ag=
4

Unsupported Length of compression member

Lu = 4.545 m
Lu=Lclear + y

Longitudinal Direction
Effective length factor for compression member
Kl = 2

Column Moment of Inertia Il = 0.049 m4

4
D
Il=
64

Transverse Direction
Effective length factor for compression member
Kt = 2

Column Moment of Inertia It = 0.049 m4

It=Il
 Response Modification Factor Rs = 3

Factor relating the actual moment diagram to an equivalent uniform moment diagram
Cm = 1

Absolute value of ratio of max dead load moment to

max total load moment (d=0 for Earthquake loads)
d = 0

C. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Specified compressive strength of concrete
f'c = 28 MPa

Modulus of Elasticity of Column Ec = 25028.807 MPa

Ec=4730 f ' cMpa

Yield Strength of Steel fy = 414 MPa

Modulus of Elasticity of Steel Es = 200000 MPa

Diameter of Main Reinforcement db = 36 mm

Stirrups Bar Diameter @ Plastic Region

ds = 20 mm

Stirrups Bar Diameter @ End Region

ds2 = 16 mm

III. LOADS AND FORCES CALCULATION (Forces from STAAD Analysis)

A. DEAD LOAD
 Axial Pxdl = 3821.043 kN

Shear along Y-axis Vydl = 0 kN

Moment at Y-axis Mydl = 0 kN*m

Shear along Z-axis Vzdl = 0 kN

Moment at Z-axis Mzdl = 0

B. SEISMIC AT LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION

Axial Pxl = 0 kN

Shear along Y-axis Vyl = 131.219 kN

Moment at Y-axis Myl = 0 kN*m

Moment at X-axis Mxl = 0 kN*m

Shear along Z-axis Vzl = 0 kN

Moment at Z-axis Mzl = 859.38 kN*m

C. SEISMIC AT TRANSVERSE DIRECTION

Axial Pxt = 0 kN

Shear along Y-axis Vyt = 0 kN

Moment at Y-axis Myt = 12765.634 kN*m

 Moment at X-axis Mxt = 0 kN*m

Shear along Z-axis Vzt = 1216.525 kN

Moment at Z-axis Mzt = 0 kN*m

D. DETERMINE LOAD COMBINATION OF ORTHOGONAL SEISMIC FORCES (AASHTO Div. I-A, Art.3.9)
Due to Load Case 1 (LC1 - 100%Long + 30%Trans)

Px1 = 0 kN
Px 1=1.00Pxl+ 0.30Pxt

My1 = 3829.690 kN*m

My 1=1.00Myl+0.30Myt

Vy1 = 131.219 kN
Vy 1=1.00Vyl+0.30Vyt

Mz1 = 859.380 kN*m

Mz 1=1.00Mzl +0.30Mzt

Vz1 = 364.9575 kN
Vz 1=1.00Vzl+0.30Vzt

Due to Load Case 2 (LC2 - 30%Long + 100%Trans)

Px2 = 0 kN
Px 2=0.30Pxl+ 1.00Pxt

My2 = 12765.634 kN*m

My 2=0.30Myl+1.00Myt
 Vy2 = 39.3657 kN
Vy 2=0.30Vyl+1.00Vyt

Mz2 = 257.814 kN*m

Mz 2=0.30Mzl+1.00Mzt

Vz2 = 1216.525 kN
Vz 2=0.30Vzl +1.00Vzt

E. CONSIDERING TORSIONAL FORCES OF COLUMN

Modified Torsional Moment
Mx = 0 kN*m

Mx=
2 2
Mxl + Mxt
Rs

Rx = 412 mm
D2cc 2dsdb
Rx=
2

2
db
fi= fy fi = 421.401 kN
4

Number of Additional Bars Required due to Torsional effect

nx = 0
Mx
nx=
0.85Rxfi

F. COMPUTATION OF MOMENT MAGNIFICATION FACTOR FOR SLENDERNESS EFFECT (AASHTO

8.16.5)
Area of Main Bars as = 1017.87602 mm2

as= db2
4

Diameter to Centroid of Main Bars

Ds=D2cc 2dsdb
Ds = 824 mm

total bars n = 44

Equivalent thickness of bars t = 1.730E-02 m

nas
t=
Ds

Modulus of steel bars Is = 3.803E+09 mm4

4 4
Is= ( Ds+t ) ( Dst )
64 64

Strength Reduction Factor for Axial Compression

c_trial = 0.7

Longitudinal Direction
Pul = 3821.043 kN
Pul=Px 1+ Pxdl

rl=
Il
Ag rl = 0.25 m

= 36.4
KlLu
rl

EcIl
+EsIs
5
EIl=
1+ d
 Eil = 1.00628E+1 MPa
5

2EIl
Pcl= Pcl = 120222626.5 kN
( KlLu )2

KlLu Cm
l=if
( rl
<22 ,1.0 ,
1
Pul
c trialPcl ) l = 1.048

Transverse Direction
Put = 3821.043 kN
Put=Px 2+Pxdl

rt=
It
Ag rt = 0.25 m

= 36.4
KtLu
rt

EcIt
+ EsIs
5 Eit = 1.00628E+1 MPa
EIt=
1+ d 5

2
EIt
Pct= Pct = 120222627 kN
( KtLu )2

t = 1.048
KtLu Cm
t=if
rt
(
<22 , 1.0 ,
1
Put
ctrialPct )
G. MODIFIED DESIGN FORCES OF COLUMN (AASHTO Div. I-A, Art. 7.2.1)
Note: Only the Elastic Seismic Moment are reduced by the R-factor.

Longitudinal Direction (LC1) Pumax_long = 3821.04 kN

l
Puma xlong =Pxdl+ Px 1
Rs
(1.30
c trial )
Pumin_long = 3821.04 kN
l
Puminlong =PxdlPx 1
Rs
(
1.30
c trial ) Mylong = 1337.282 kN*m

( MyRs1 )
Mylong=l Mydl+
Mzlong = 300.085 kN*m
Mz 1
Mzlong=l( Mzdl+
Rs ) Vylong = 131.219 kN
Vylong=Vydl+Vy 1
Vzlong = 364.9575 kN
Vzlong=Vzdl+ Vz 1
Mres_long = 1370.54 kN*m
Mre s long= Mylon g2 + Mzlon g 2
Vres_long = 387.830 kN

Vre slong = Vylon g2 +Vzlon g2

Transverse Direction (LC2) Pumax_trans = 3821.04 kN

t
Puma xtrans =Pxdl+ Px 2
Rs
( )
1.30
c trial
t
Pumin_trans = 3821.04 kN

Pumintrans =PxdlPx 2

(
Mytrans=t Mydl+
Rs
() )
1.30

My 2 ctrial
Mytrans = 4457.606 kN*m

Rs
 Mztrans = 90.026 kN*m
Mz 2
(
Mztrans=t Mzdl+
Rs ) Vytrans = 39.3657 kN
Vytrans=Vydl+Vy
2 Vztrans = 1216.525 kN
Vztrans=Vzdl+Vz
Mres_trans = 4458.52 kN*m
2
Mre s trans= Mytran s 2+ Mztran s 2
Vres_trans = 1217.162 kN
Vre strans= Vytran s2 +Vztran s2

IV. DESIGN OF COLUMN

Note:
1. The vertical reinforcement shall not be less than 1% or more than 6% times the gross area of column.
2. A ratio not exceeding 4% is recommended to minimize placing and congestion problem at splices.

A. DESIGN OF COLUMN REINFORCEMENT

Summary of Forces:
Column Design Moment Mdes = 4458.52 kN*m
Max Design Axial Force

|
Pde s max= Puma xlong if Mre slong > Mre s trans
Puma x trans otherwise
Pdesmax = 3821.04 kN

Min Design Axial Force

|
Pde s min = Pumi nlong if Mre s long > Mre strans
Pumi ntrans otherwise
Pdesmin = 3821.04 kN

Strength Reduction Factor

 |(
0.90 if Pde smax 0
0.50 if Pde s max 0.2f ' cAg
c act=
0.40Pde smax
0.90
0.20f ' cAg )
otherwise

c_act = 0.552

|
c= c act if c act < c trial
c trial otherwise

c = 0.552492639

Design Number of Bars n = 22

Hinging Forces
Plastic Axial Forces Ph = 3821.043 kN

Ph=Pxdl

Plastic Moment Mp = 10490.76358 kN*m

1.3
Mp= Mdes
c

Plastic Shear Vp = 2308.453 kN

Mp
Vp=
Lu

B. SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Core Diameter Dc = 0.9 m

Dc=D2cc

Shear Reduction Factor v = 0.75

Factored shear force from Elastic Analysis or
Plastic Hinging Force whichever is less conservative
(Inside plastic hinge region)

Vu = 387.830 kN
Vu=min ( Vre slong ,Vre s trans , Vp )

Length of Plastic Hinge Region

Lph1 = 1 m
Lph1=D

Lph2 = 0.624 m
Lclear
Lph2=
6

Lph3 = 0.4572 m
Lph3=18

Lph = 1 m
Lph=max ( Lph 1, Lph 2, Lph 3 )

Gross area of reinforced concrete column

Ag = 0.785 m2
D2
Ag=
4

Area of reinforced concrete column core

Ac = 0.636 m2
Dc 2
Ac=
4

Width (Circular Section) bw = 1 m

bw=D
Depth (Circular Section) d = 0.8 m

d=0.80D

Shear Provided by Concrete Vc = 719.644 kN

Vc=0.17 f ' cMpabwd

Shear Provided by Steel Vt = -202.537 kN

Vu
Vt= Vc
v

Area of Spirals @ Plastic Region Asp = 314.159 mm2

d s 2
Asp=
4

Area of Spirals @ End Region Asp2 = 201.062 mm2

2
d s 2
Asp=
4

Determination of Spiral Pitch

ssDc
, Asp=
4

2Asp sDc
Let , KB= =
s 2

AASHTO Art. 8.16.6.3.2, Eqn. 8-53

KB1 = -0.612 mm
Vt
KB1=
fyd
AASHTO Art. 8.19.1.2, Eqn. 8-64
 KB2 = 0.833 mm
345kPabw
KB2=
fy

AASHTO Div. I-A, Art. 7.6.2( C ), Eqn. 7-4

0.45 ( AgAc 1)f c Dc

'

fy KB3 = 3.213 mm
KB 3=
2
AASHTO Div. I-A, Art. 7.6.2( C ), Eqn. 7-5
KB4 = 3.652 mm
'
0.12f c
Dc
fy
KB 4=
2
Determination of Spiral Pitch @ Plastic Region

KB=max ( KB 1, KB 2, KB 3, KB 4 )
KB = 3.652 mm

sp = 172.040 mm
2Asp
sp=
KB

sph = 80 mm

Transverse Reinforcement Outside Plastic Hinge Region

KB' = 3.213
'
K B =max ( KB1, KB2, KB3 )

2Asp 2
sp 2= sp2 = 125.172 mm
KB'

spo = 100 mm
 Main Reinforcement
Column Diameter D = 1 m

Diameter of Main Bars db = 36 mm

Number of Main Bars n = 22

Shear Reinforcement
Number of Spirals @ Plastic Region 12.5
nspiral = 13

nspiral=ceil ( Lph
sph )

Spacing of Spirals spo = 100 mm

sph = 80 mm

Diameter of Spirals ds2 = 16 mm

ds = 20 mm

Distance of Regions Lpo = 2.7445 m

Lpo=LclearLph

Lph_f = 1.04 m
Lp hf =nspiralsph

DESIGN OF FOOTING

I. REFERENCE
 National Structral Code of the Philippines, Vol. II Bridges, 2010

II. INPUT
A. COLUMN AND FOOTING DIMENSION
Column dimension bc = 1 m
(at longitudinal direction, x-axis)

Column dimension hc = 1 m
(at transverse direction, z-axis)

Column height Hc = 4.5 m

(from top of footing to NGL)

Footing dimension L = 6 m
(at longitudinal direction, x-axis)

Footing dimension B = 6 m
(at transverse direction, z-axis)

Thickness of footing t = 0.9 M

B. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SPECIFICATION

Compression strength of concrete f'c = 28 MPa

Yield strength of steel fy = 414 MPa

Allowable soil pressure Qallow = 250 kPa

Strength reduction factor f = 0.9

(flexure)

Strength reduction factor v = 0.75

(shear)

Factor of safety FS = 2
(bearing pressure)

Size of main reinforcement db = 25 mm

Size of temp. reinforcement dt = 12 mm

Concrete cover cc = 75 mm

Unit weight of concrete c = 24 kN/m3

 Unit weight of soil s = 18 kN/m3

Height of soil on top of footing Hs = 4.5 m

Hs=Hc
Effective depth dL = 787.5 mm
(longitudinal direction)

dL=tccdb1.50
Effective depth
(transverse direction) dT = 812.5 mm

dT =tcc db0.50

III. LOADS AND FORCES CALCULATION

A. WEIGHT OF FOOTING AND SOIL ABOVE FOOTING
Weight of footing Wftg = 885.60 kN

Wftg=[ ( LBt ) + ( bchcHc ) ]c

Weight of soil Wsoil = 2835.00 kN

Wsoil=[ ( LB ) ( bchc ) ]Hss

B. PLASTIC FORCES
Maximum Axial Force Pu = 3821.04 kN

Pu=max ( Px 1, Px 2)
Maximum Moment Mu = 12568.37 kN*m

Mu=Mp+Vpt
C. FORCES UNDER SERVICE LOADS
Pll = 374.8199 kN
Pll=Rl l coping (2)( No . of Girders)

Pdl = 3821.04 kN
Pdl=Pu
P = 4195.86 kN
P=Pdl+ Pll
Mdl = 0.00 kN*m
Mdl=Mzd l column
Mll = 0.00 kN*m
 M = 0.00 kN*m
M =Mdl+ Mll

IV. CALCULATION AND CHECKING OF SOIL PRESSURE

A. CHECKING OF SOIL PRESSURE UNDER SERVICE LOADS
qmax = 219.90 kPa
( P+Wftg+Wsoil) 6M
qmax= +
LB LB2

qmin = 219.90 kPa

(P+ Wftg+Wsoil ) 6M
qmin=
LB LB2

Footing if qmax <Qallowqmin>0 kPa
Increase Footing
Remark= Remark = Footing Size OKAY

B. CHECKING OF SOIL PRESSURE UNDER ULTIMATE LOADS

B.1. MAX AXIAL AND EQUIVALENT FORCES
B.1.1 ALONG LONGITUDINAL AXIS (X-AXIS)
.
Pu_x = 7916.46 kN
Pu x =Pu+ ( Wftg+ Wsoil )
Eccentricity e = 0.00 m
Mu
e=
P ux

|
P ux 6e B
LB (
1+
B )
if e <
6
quma x x = 2P u x
otherwise
B
(
3L e
2 ) qumax_x = 219.90 kPa

|
P ux 6e B
( )
qumi n x = LB 1 B if e< 6
0 kPa otherwise
qumin_x = 219.90 kPa

Bearing Pressure OKAY if quma x x < FSQallow
Increase Footing
Remark=
 Remark = Bearing Pressure
OKAY

Length of soil contact pressure Lz = 6.00

|(
B
B if e <
6
Lz=
B
3
2 )
e otherwise

L
Eccentricity OKAY if e <
2
Increase Footing Remark = Eccentricity OKAY
Remark=

V. CHECKING FOR ONE-WAY AND PUNCHING SHEAR

A. LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION
A.1 CHECKING FOR ONE-WAY SHEAR
qumax = 219.90 kPa

qumin = 219.90 kPa

X = 1.7125 m
L bc
X = dL
2 2

( qumaxqumin )( LzX )
q u L =qumin+
Lz
qu_L = 219.90 kPa

A.1.1 FACTORED SHEAR AT CRITICAL SECTION Vu_L = 2259.49 kN

1
V u L = ( qumax+ q uL )XB
2

A.1.2 SHEAR STRENGTH PROVIDED BY CONCRETE Vc_L = 3187.80 kN

V c L= v0.17 f ' cMPaBdL

Remark=
| OKAY if V c L > V u L
Increase footing thickness otherwise
 Remark = OKAY

A.2 CHECKING FOR PUNCHING SHEAR

X = 2.11 m
L bc dL
X=
2 2 2
Sheared perimeter bo = 7.15 m

bo=2[ ( bc +dL ) + ( hc +dL ) ]

Pu_L = 7916.46 kN
Pu L =P ux

( qumaxqumin )(LX )
q u L1=qumin+
L
qu_L1 = 219.90 kPa

( qumaxqumin )( X)
q u L2=qumin+
L
qu_L2 = 219.90 kPa

A.2.1 FACTORED SHEAR AT CRITICAL SECTION

1
V p L =Pu L ( q u L1 +q u L2 )( bc +dL )(hc +dL)
2
Vp_L = 7213.84 kN

A.2.2 SHEAR STRENGTH PROVIDED BY

CONCRETE

v1
f cMPabodLVcp_L = 7448.62
'
Vc p L = kN
3

Remark=
| OKAY if V cp L > V p L
Increase footing thickness otherwise
Remark = OKAY

VI. DESIGN OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT

A. MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM STEEL RATIO
Minimum steel ratio min = 0.0034

f ' cMPa , 1.4Mpa

min=max ( 4fy fy )
 |[
'
0.85 if f c 28MPa
1=
)]
'
0.85
7 MPa(
0.05 f c
28 otherwise
1 = 0.85

Maximum steel ratio

1f ' c
600MPa
fy
0.85 max = 0.0217
600MPa+ fy
max =0.75
B. DESIGN REINFORCEMENT ALONG LONGITUDINAL AXIS
X = 2.5 m
L bc
X=
2 2

( qumaxqumin )(LX )
q u L =qumin+
L
qu_L = 219.90 kPa

Mu_L = 4123.16 kN*m

M u L= ( 13qma x + 16 q u )X B
L L
2

B.1 DESIGN OF BOTTOM BARS

k = 0.0440
M uL
k= ' 2
f f cBd L
q = 0.0452
1.70 1.70 6.80k 2
q=
2
Computed steel ratio = 0.0030551

qf ' c
=
fy
Design steel ratio

|
if min< < max
des= minif min>
Increase footing thickness otherwise
des = 0.0034
 Design steel area As_L = 15978.26 mm2

A s L =desBdL
Required number of bars
n_L = 32.551
A sL
nL=
2 say n_L = 33
d b
4

STEEL COST ESTIMATES:

Unit
Bridge Item Unit Price Cost
Volume of Footing 32.4 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 234984.888
Volume of Column 6.4752 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 46962.16502
Volume of Coping 7.26 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 52654.0212
Volume of Railings 14.8 cu.m 7,659.89 Php/cm 113366.372
Volume of Deck Slab 40.7 cu.m 7,249.04 Php/cm 295035.928
Volume of Abutments 1.907 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 13830.74634
Volume of Sidewalk 18.5 cu.m 7,659.89 Php/cm 141707.965
Steel Girder 33266.055 kg 51.40 Php/kg 5129625.688
Reinforcing bars
1525.7620
-Footing 3 kg 50.43 Php/kg 76944.17909
-Column 2035.8289 kg 50.43 Php/kg 102666.8513
-Coping 733.8453 kg 50.43 Php/kg 37007.8185
844.92077
-Railings 6 kg 51.40 Php/kg 43428.92789
6906.4311
-Deck Slab 7 kg 51.40 Php/kg 354990.5624
298.27260
-Abutments 6 kg 50.43 Php/kg 15041.88752
2474.9524
-Sidewalk 6 kg 51.40 Php/kg 127212.5563
TOTAL MATERIAL COST 6785460.557

LABOR COST
ASSUME TO BE 30% OF THE TOTAL MATERIAL COST 2035638.167
http://osp.mans.edu.eg/elbeltagi/Cost%20Ch4.pdf
 FORMWORKS COST
ASSUME TO BE TWICE THE PRICE OF CONCRETE COST
RETRIEVED FROM 1797084.171
https://sites.google.com/a/bucknell.edu/slabtownbridge/preliminary-design-
report/construction-cost-estimate

TOTAL STEEL GIRDER BRIDGE COST 10618182.89

PRETSRESSED GIRDER COST ESTIMATE:

Bridge Item Input Unit Unit Price Cost

Volume of Footing 17.5 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 126920.85
45321.6223
Volume of Column 6.249 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 8
Volume of Coping 7.26 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 52654.0212
Volume of Railings 14.8 cu.m 7,659.89 Php/cm 113366.372
Volume of Deck Slab 40.7 cu.m 7,249.04 Php/cm 295035.928
17268.4882
Volume of Abutments 2.381 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 2
Volume of Sidewalk 18.5 cu.m 7,659.89 Php/cm 141707.965
AASHTO GIRDER TYPE III, L=19.0 m 6 pcs 394,234.41 Php/pc 2365406.46
Reinforcing bars
970.939 48964.4776
-Footing 5 kg 50.43 Php/kg 1
2035.82 102666.851
-Column 9 kg 50.43 Php/kg 3
733.845
-Coping 3 kg 50.43 Php/kg 37007.8185
697.892 35871.6898
-Railings 8 kg 51.40 Php/kg 6
5864.84 301452.996
-Deck Slab 4 kg 51.40 Php/kg 8
298.272 15041.8875
-Abutments 6 kg 50.43 Php/kg 2
2474.95 127212.556
-Sidewalk 2 kg 51.40 Php/kg 3
3825899.98
TOTAL MATERIAL COST 5

LABOR COST 1147769.99

ASSUME TO BE 30% OF THE TOTAL MATERIAL COST 5
 http://osp.mans.edu.eg/elbeltagi/Cost%20Ch4.pdf
FORMWORKS COST
ASSUME TO BE TWICE THE PRICE OF CONCRETE COST 1584550.49
RETRIEVED FROM 4
https://sites.google.com/a/bucknell.edu/slabtownbridge/preliminary-
design-report/construction-cost-estimate

6558220.47
TOTAL PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER BRIDGE COST 4

RHA CONCRETE GIRDER COST ESTIMATE:

Bridge Item Unit Unit Price Cost

Volume of Footing 17.5 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 126920.85
46709.0485
Volume of Column 6.4403 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 9
Volume of Coping 7.26 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 52654.0212
Volume of Railings 14.8 cu.m 7,659.89 Php/cm 113366.372
Volume of Abutments 1.98 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 14360.1876
Volume of Sidewalk 18.5 cu.m 7,659.89 Php/cm 141707.965
For Rice Husk Ash Concrete
Volume of T-beam 85.412 cu.m
Class A Mixture (9:0.5:1)
Cement & RHA 769 # of bags
Sand 43 cu.m 1100 Php/cm 47300
Gravel 86 cu.m 1400 Php/cm 120400
Cement 693 # of bags 240 Php/bag 166320
RHA 77 # of bags 80 Php/bag 6160
Reinforcing bars Php/kg
48964.4776
-Footing 970.939473 kg 50.43 Php/kg 1
102666.851
-Column 2035.8289 kg 50.43 Php/kg 3
39425.2647
-Coping 781.781969 kg 50.43 Php/kg 1
35871.6898
-Railings 697.892799 kg 51.40 Php/kg 6
-Deck Slab 6347.76185 kg 51.40 Php/kg 326274.959
19876.7799
-Abutments 394.145944 kg 50.43 Php/kg 4
127212.556
-Sidewalk 2474.95246 kg 51.40 Php/kg 3
275596.786
-Girder ( T-Beam) 5361.80518 kg 51.40 Php/kg 2
1684866.95
TOTAL MATERIAL COST 9

LABOR COST
505460.087
ASSUME TO BE 30% OF THE TOTAL MATERIAL COST 8
http://osp.mans.edu.eg/elbeltagi/Cost%20Ch4.pdf
FORMWORKS COST
ASSUME TO BE TWICE THE PRICE OF CONCRETE COST 1671796.88
RETRIEVED FROM 9
https://sites.google.com/a/bucknell.edu/slabtownbridge/preliminary-
design-report/construction-cost-estimate

3862123.93
TOTAL REINFROCED CONCRETE GIRDER BRIDGE COST 6

STEEL MAN HOUR:

CONSTRUCTION WORK CAPACITIES IN MAN-HOURS

Activity Quantity Unit Parameter Man-hours
Excavation 32.4 cu.m. 2.89 man-hours/cu.m 93.636
Formwork 203.5 sq.m 2.5 man-hours/sq.m 508.75
Rebar Works 14820.013 kg 0.09 man-hours/kg 1333.8012
Concrete Works 122.0422 cu.m. 2.2 man-hours/cu.m. 268.49284
TOTAL MAN-HOURS 2204.68
approximately 2205

PRESTRESSED MAN HOUR:

CONSTRUCTION WORK CAPACITIES IN MAN-HOURS

Activity Quantity Unit Parameter Man-hours
2.8
Excavation 17.5 cu.m. 9 man-hours/cu.m 50.575
Formwork 203.5 sq.m 2.5 man-hours/sq.m 508.75
 0.0
Rebar Works 13076.6 kg 9 man-hours/kg 1176.894
Concrete Works 107.39 cu.m. 2.2 man-hours/cu.m. 236.258
TOTAL MAN-HOURS 1972.477
approximately 1973
RHA CONCRETE MAN HOUR:

CONSTRUCTION WORK CAPACITIES IN MAN-HOURS

Activity Quantity Unit Parameter Man-hours
cu.m 2.8
Excavation 17.5 . 9 man-hours/cu.m 50.575
Formwork 203.5 sq.m 2.5 man-hours/sq.m 508.75
0.0
Rebar Works 19065.1086 kg 9 man-hours/kg 1715.86
cu.m
Concrete Works 151.8923 . 2.2 man-hours/cu.m. 334.1631
TOTAL MAN-HOURS 2609.348
approximately 2610