Grammaris

Musicto
myEars

By:GizzaAlvarez
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GrammarBook Table of Contents

1. Section 1: Parts of Speech (3-14)
2. Section 2: Phrases (15-16)
3. Section 3: Clauses(16-19)
4. Section 4 : Sentences (19-25)
5. Section 5: Paragraphs (25-28)
6. Section 6 : Essays (28-31)
7. Section7 : Capitalization(31-33)
8. Section 8 : Punctuation (33-34)
9. Section9 : Commonly Confused Words(34-37)
10. Answers key (38-40)
11. Glossary(41)
12. Work Cited (42)
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Introduction:
This Grammar Book is about music which elaborates the proper usage of
grammar and punctuation. The purpose is to help inform any individual about
commonly used mistakes occurring on a daily basis. This book will make
improvements in their English skills and prevent them from making any errors
in general errors.

About the Author

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Hello, my fellow classmates, my name is Gizza Isabella Alvarez and I was

born on September 26 in Los Angeles, California. I am currently an eleventh
grader who is attending Francisco Bravo Medical Magnet High School.
Throughout my years in high school, I achieved A's and B's in my English classes.
Even though I receive decent grades, I would create punctuational mistakes. Being
in Mr.Rodriguez helped me analyzed all the common errors in punctuation and
commonly misused words. Im fascinated by writing, but never had the courage to
explore poems or write my own books. Therefore by acknowledging the Grammar
Book, it has helped me grasp how often we tend make common errors without
realizing it. I chose music because ever since I was 7-9 years old, I loved attending
my violin classes. Unfortunately, my teacher had to retire which made me lose
interest to get back into band practice.

Grammar Book Section 1: Noun Types/identifiers/Functions 1-13

Part of Speech:
I. Nouns
A. Types of Nouns
1. Common Nouns: : Name a class of people,places, things, or idea.
Ex: Albums, CDs , Band, Disc , Musician
2. Proper Nouns: Give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be
capitalized)
Ex: La Music Academy, Juilliard School ,Manhattan School of Music, Royal Academy of Music,
Yale School of Music
3. Compound Nouns: Consist of words used together to form a single noun.
Ex: Bagpipes, Drumstick, Keyboard, Drumbeat
4. Concrete Nouns: Refer to material things, to people, or to places.
Ex: Music Player, Drum, Violin, Guitar, Cello
5. Abstract Nouns: Name ideas, quality, emotions or attitudes.
Ex: Skill, Compassion, Pride
B Noun identifiers
1. Noun endings: -ness, -tude, -ster, -tion, -ment,-ory,-ism,-ance,-eer,-ist,-ence,-hood,-ture,-ity
instrument performance career happiness
artist childhood criticism bandmaster
inspiration category culture
responsibility attitude confidence
2. Following a noun marker (NM): a, all, an both, each, every, her, his, my, our, several, some, that,
their, these, this, those, one, two, three, etc. Emboldened words are pronouns that function as noun
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markers only when they act as adjectives, i.e., Some boxes are square. (some acts as an adjective, so it's
a noun marker). Some are square. (Some acts as a noun so it's not a noun marker).
The Drumstick is Dirty.
Nm N
The Disc is 5 Years old.
Nm N
3. Plural form:
Ex: Cds, Disks, Guitars, Artists, Drummers, Record Players
4. Possessive Form:
Ex: Artists song or Artists song
5. Following a preposition:
The musician performed great but the ending was dreadful.
Nm n v adj prep n n v adj

These are some common prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from,
after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around,as, as far as,
aside from, at , away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between,
beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except for,
excluding, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including,
in front of, in place of, in regard of, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to,
notwithstanding, of off, on, on account, of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside,
outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon,
up to, versus, via, with, within, without. (Sometimes these word are used as adverbs).

C. Functions(How nouns are used):

1. Subject:
- Beyonce sang Lemonade at Madison Square Garden.
S V
S V
- The singer Beyonce Performed Lemonade at Madison Square Garden for the MTV VMA on
August 8/2016 which grasp the crowds attention with her new album release.
2. Direct Object: (comes after the verb and answer what or whom):
S V Do S v Adj
- Lucy showed her movie ticket and the security guard looked confused.
S V DO S V Adj N
- Lucy showed her movie ticket and the security guard looked flustered on which entrance was for
the Bon Jovi concert therefore, it delayed Lucy from entering to the premier.
3. Indirect Object (answers who or to whom):
N V DO N
- Nicole gave her disc to the music teacher.
N V DO N Adv
- Nicole gave her disc to the music teacher after everyone proudly perform as group which the
music teacher was fascinated on work corporations within the group.
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4. Adverbial Object (comes after the verb and answers when):

N V. AO
- Lily always shows her music to the producer .
N V AO V N
- Lily always shows her music to the producer before noon so she can make any adjustments to her
new album which is coming out this Fall in the Mtv Music Awards.
5. Object of the Preposition (follows a preposition):
N Adv Op
- Ricardo rapidly turn in his song by the deadline.
N Adv Op N
- Ricardo rapidly turn in his song by the deadline before his teacher stamps no credit on his final
project which can severely affect him from receiving all his credits.
6.Subject Complement (following a linking verb):
N Lv Sc Adj
- David is writing about love even though he was never really in love.
N Lv Sc V Adj
- David is curious which has led him to write more lyrics about rap even though hes not that proficient
but he wants to expose himself to modern ideas.
7. Object Complement (follows a direct object and renames it):
N V Do Oc .
- Camila shows her drum skills to her teacher and she approved.
N V Do Oc N N
- Nicole went to her music class to talk to her teacher about opportunities to perform for any recent
upcoming broadway shows.Nicole has been gravitating to new ideas on how to promote herself
for the music industry.
8. Appositives (renames nouns, separated by commas):
N App Adj N
- Beyonce,the singer ,did an amazing performance for the MTV VMA
N App Adj Adj
- Nicole,the music instructor,cared for all her students and was sorrowful at the fact all her students
are shortly graduating.
9. Adjectival (describes noun following it):
N V Adjvl
- The music instructor went to the music store to buy a new violin.
N Adj Adjvl Adj
- The musician attended to a musical theater in a result, he was captivated by the pure talent
demonstrated throughout the show and the engagement they provided to grasp the auditions
attention .
10. Noun in Direct Address
N
- Nicole, where is your violin case ?
N
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- By any chance do you recall where the musical theater is located at Alejandra, or are you unaware
of which musical theater?
11.Object of the gerund (noun that follows a gerund):
G OG
- Performing her musical in front of people made the musicians positively nervous.
G OG
- Singing in front of a baseball stadium caused her to feel anxious but she remained distressed and
focus on all the marvelous compliments.
12. Object of the Participle (noun that follows a participle):
Part OPart
- After the Music Festival, she sang all night.
Part OPart
- Ava after the Music Festival, a musical producer approached her and rationalized an agreement to
attend the Singing in The Rain audition.
13. Object of the Infinitive (noun that follows an infinitive):
_inf_ Olnf
- Although nervous , the musicians wanted to perform well for the judges.
_inf_ Olnf
- Canela wanted to win the school musical award so it can benefit her for college applications and
grasp colleges attention how dedicated she was academically and Professionally.
II. Pronouns
Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established.
1. Personal: Associated with the person or a thing such as using (I , you, they us etc.)
Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects)
I/ We me/us
you/you you/you
He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them
Ex: She is signing up for Manhattan School of Music but thats up to their decision on which girl they
accept.
Ex : Her Music teacher recommends her to attend a Marching band therefore if shes trying to attend
Manhattan School of Music they would witness her passion towards music and would grasp the school
recognition that she will be well fitted for the school.
Possessive
My, mine our, ours
Your, yours your, yours
His, her, hers, its, ones their, theirs

Ex: Her Music teacher tends to focus on their performing skills and their rhythm.
Ex: His new self harm song made it to the top 20 in radio disney which captivated many young
individuals to raise awareness to prevent bullying to create a positive and supporting environment.
2. Relative: Marks a relative clause
Nominative Objective Possessive
who whom whose
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that that of that

those/this

Ex: Who are those drumstick laying on the floor, someone please pick them up!
Ex: According to Nathan, Nathalia had those ideal guitar picks which hes been trying to purchase but
unfortunately they would always be out of stock which frustrates him.
3. Interrogative: A pronoun which is used to make asking questions easy. They are five interrogative
pronouns, one is used to ask a very specific question..
who, which, what, whatever, whoever

Ex: Which one of you magnificent musicians got into Manhattan School of Music ?
Ex: By any chance do you guys recall what are the requirements to get into the Marching band? Do
they justify it has to be 2.5 and higher or am i incorrect?
4. Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix -self or -selves)
Used Only:
A. when the action verb is directed towards the subject of the construction
i. She herself was out of ideas for her musical performance therefore inspired to attend a musical group
to help her reflect on new advisable ideas.
B. to intensify a point
i. She herself didnt accomplish to finish the song that she had to turn in for a project in result she
decided to seek for ideas with other peers that themselves also had to create their own song.
5. Demonstrative: Same pronouns used for demonstrative adjectives - this, that, these and those only
difference is in the sentence structure.
this, these that, those
Ex: These are the rules and syllabus you guys should follow to achieve an A in this musical class.
Ex: Miriam liked those new limited edition drums but she had to get an A in her Algebra 2 class then her
mother will consider if she deserves a marvelous gift for all her hard work.
6. Indefinite: Doesnt have refer to any specific person, thing or amount.
all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything,
everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, other, several, somebody,
someone, such.
Ex: Anyone that brought their violin can rehearse outside, if you guys didn't bring it please pick up a
song worksheet from my desk and focus on your vocals with a partner.
Ex: Everyone in the music class was specifically ecstatic for the Music Festival because they will be
able to receive a free piano for dedicating their time in contributing to designing the theme this christmas
year.
III. Verbs
Verbs show the time, action and state of being of a subject.
A. How Verbs are Identified:
1. Verbs Ending: -s, -ed, -ing,-tate, -ive, -er,
Ex: playing , tuning, feeling, listening
2. Tense: Verbs indicate time via tenses:
1. simple past 6.present 9.present perfect progressive
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2. past 7.present perfect 10. future

3. past perfect 8.present progressive 11. future perfect
4. past progressive
5. simple present
Ex1: He sang Ex6: He sing together.
Ex2: She played Ex7: I have played the piano.
Ex3: He had played the violin. Ex8: I am singing next.
Ex4: He was in Marching Band Ex9:He has been in a musical.
Ex5: I play the violin. Ex10: He will attend Music camp
Ex11: He will have performed on a musical.
3. Forms:
a. Forms of to be: am, are, is, was, were, be, been, being (these verbs can be used as helping
verbs or main verbs. when used as main verbs, they are always linking verbs - true linking
verbs = all forms of be, become, and seem).
b. Forms of to do: do, does, did, done, doing (these verbs can be used as helping verbs or main
verbs).
C. Forms of to have: have, had, has, having (these verbs can be used as helping verbs or main verbs).
4. Types: there are at least 11 types of verbs:
A. auxiliary verbs(helping verbs) :
Ex: Ricardo is singing next.
B. Linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other
parts of the sentence- usually the predicate)
Ex: Nathalie been playing the piano for about 5 years.
C. Lexical verbs (main verbs):
Ex: He was able to perform playing the piano in his annual 24th school year talent show.
D. Dynamic verbs (indicate action):
Ex: Laura was playing the piano while Tom was singing to Breath me by Sia .
E. Stative verbs (describe a condition):
Ex: Laila appreciated the love song her husband devoted to her for her 26th birthday.
F. Finitive verbs (indicate tense):
Ex:Joel was waiting to next to perform Chicago in musical talent show.
A. Non-infinitive verbs (infinitive or participles):
Ex: Her mom feels delighted about the love song her daughter dedicated for her.
B. Regular verbs (weak verbs):
Ex: Nicole arrived last minute to music class when everyone had to present a musical
performance.
C. Irregular verbs (strong verbs):
Ex: She was in top 10 for best musician in the school district which content her at the fact all her
determination was worth it.
D. Transitive verbs ( verbs followed by a direct object):
Ex: She played the cello.
E. Intransitive verbs( verbs that do not take direct objects):
Ex: Tommy arrived unpunctual to the music festival.
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5. Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The
English Language has two voices: Active and Passive
Active: She played the cello during the talent show in result the crowd cherished her singing.
Passive: She wasnt allowed to play during the talent show because has symptoms of the flu therefore
affects other performers.
6. Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS)
A. Gerund: word ending in ing used as a noun
i.Juliett enjoys listening to Jazz and Classical music while completing any chores or in spare time.
B. Participle: word ending in ing or ed used as an adjective
i. The music instructor was waiting passionately for the marching band to conclude their final song.
ii. He ended up not publishing his new single which astonished many of his fans who devotedly
waited for his second album .
C. Infinitive: verbs preceded by the word to (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
i. Hannah was gonna go to music class today but she had a job interview which she was shortly running
late therefore wouldnt been able to attend music class.
ii. Jonathan was gonna go to orchestra practice but he ended up having after school detention which his
orchestra teacher revealed and decided upon to reject taking him to the Musical Festival.

IV. ADJECTIVES
Adjectives modify, describe, limit,and identify nouns and pronouns. Explain what each kind of
adjective is and answer the question below.
1. Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper.
Demonstrative:this,that,these and those.
1. That cello is 499.59 dollars.
2. These drum picks don't work that well.
3. Those are really nice drum sets!!
Common: Written with a capital letter
1. Sharp tune.
2. Fascinated with her singing
3. Empty violin case
Proper:Usually capitalized and obtain from a proper noun
1. Aladdin the musical open her doors for her singing future.
2. Juilliard School is located in upper east side of Manhattan.
3. Manhattan School of Music offers degrees of classical and jazz performance.
2. Endings: What suffixes are adjectives endings?
-al, -ary, -ful, -ic, -ical, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -ous, -y
- festival - music -bless - famous
- critic - musical - soundalike - musically
-beautiful - publish - pasionately -harmony
3. Conversions: ( adding -ing to verb) How are other parts of speech converted into adjectives?
-play = playing - tune= tuning
-listen= listening - listen = listening
4. Articles: What are these? How/when are they are used?
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-th, -a,-an
1. The music teacher
2. A cello
3. An amazing singer
5. Comparatives/Superlatives: What are these? How/when are they used?
Comparative: Helpful to compare two things
1. The cello is bigger than the violin.
2. For her playing the piano is easier than paying the cello.
3. She sings better than her sister.
Superlatives: Useful to compare two or three things
1. She is the most honest producer.
2. He is the tallest kid in music class
3. She has the most sweetest voice.
V. Adverbs
Adverbs modify verbs,adjectives, and other adverbs.
a. Endings: -ly, -wards,-wise
1. positively
2. awards
3. careerwise
b. Conversations:
I. How can adjectives or verbs be converted into adverbs?
a. A verb can become an adverb by adding -ly.
1. She goes to Manhattan School of Music
2. Shes furiously upset that she lost her cello case.
3. He is trying to get in the Marching band for junior year.
c. Types: Manner,Frequency,Degree,Place and Time:
Manner: How something happens
Rachel loudly played the piano.
Rachel loudly played the piano which startled the classmates next door during 6th period.
Time: Where something happens
Nicole will immediately start performing after the next band ends.
Nicole will immediately start performing after the orchestra band which brutally frightened her because
she will bravely be singing solo.
Place: Where something happens
Ms.Anaya was patiently here waiting for us backstage.
Ms.Anaya was patiently here waiting for us backstages to congratulate the whole class for their
astonished work performing together in the Music Festival.
Degree: Intensity or degree of an action
Maya is exceptionally good at playing the cello and the flute.
Maya is exceptionally good at playing the cello and the flute the complication is that those specific
divisions are all full and she will unfortunately won't be able to perform.
Frequency: How frequently something happens
The music teacher is currently pleasent with her beginners class.
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The music teacher is currently pleasent with her beginner class progress which she decided to reward her
class and host a music competition ,the reward will be to get an opening for a solo in a music festival.
d Conjunctive: Connect a clause to another
She unfortunately lost her voice, therefore, she had to cancel her astonishing request to perform on the
ellen show.
Brian couldnt play the piano, therefore, they had to release him from the Christmas Piano Festival.
e. Intensifiers: Intensify the meaning of the word or how it modifies.(absolutely, completely, extremely,
highly, rather, really, so, too, totally, utterly, very and at all)
1. She was absolutely excited to attend the next musical competition because she will accomplish to
perform her own single to present to the crowd.
2. Mrs. Torres the music instructor completely forgot her students have to perform for thanksgiving
and christmas for the homeless this year.
3. David is extremely taken out of breath when he heard his single in the radio.
4. Mrs. Torres highly suggested her students to join the marching band this year to contribute their
time to be apart of school activities.
5. Nicole rather prefer to play her drums than the flute in saturdays music class.
6. Britney sadly really forgot the lyrics to her song in her final which upset her.
7. Kevin performed to apply for a music band so he's been waiting for the acceptance since saturday
morning.
8. The music producer was too nice to the students that they sadly took advantage of him and made
a mess in the music room.
9. Martha was totally prepared to perform her music remix for her music class final this friday.
10. It was utterly ridiculous how rudely the crowd was being during the music performance.
11. Her mom was very angry at the fact that her daughter lost her drum sticks.
12. Nicole at all didn't finish writing her song so she decided to not go to her music class during 5th
period to not face any consequences.
f. Comparatives/Superlatives:
I. What are these?
II. How are they used?
Comparatives: Compare two things
Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object)
1. She went farther in the music industry than some girls in her old music class.
2. Her performance was the greatest than the other girls in her age division.
Superlative: Compare three things or more things
Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object)
1. Nicole looked the maddest out of everyone in her musical class at the fact they lost her
instrument.
2. Christian sang the sweetest song to his mom for mothers day in front of all his peers.
VI. Conjunctions
Coordinating: (FANBOYS) for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
I. Nicole is not performing for musical festival.
II. Nicole is not performing for musical festival in december but she will be supporting her
peers in the audience.
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Correlative: Either/or: neither/nor; not only/ but also; both/and; wether/or; as/so
I.Neither new music notes will be addressed ,nor consulted about in the next reunion.
II. Neither new music notes or new festivals will be addressed,nor consulted about in the next
reunion, which will agitate the students.
Subordinate: after, though as if, as long as, as though, because, before, if, in order that, provided that,
since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while.
I. Treat the new rented instruments as though they were actually ones you owned.
II. Treat the new rented instruments correctly as though they were actually ones you owned,
these instrument are a privilege if not youll be confiscated from using any instrument the whole school
year.
Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to non living object or animals), that (may refer
to animals or non living objects)
I. Beyonce is a pop singer who people look up to.
II. Beyonce, American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress, is a famous pop singer
who people idolize for her great empowerment for women .
VII. Prepositions
Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions
are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions.
These are some common prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from,
after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as
far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside,
between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except,
except excluding, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf
of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into,
like, near, enar to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of,
opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under,
underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without
i. Above all, according to the music teacher everyone will have the chance to perform a
solo, however as far as she sees cooperation and improvement the next 4 weeks.
ii. Being an artist is beyond stressful, despite the fact they get lots of fame, they have to
watch their music career because the paparazzi trying to ruin their imagine to make them seem as
a ungrateful person.
iii. Above everything nicole is going through in her life,she is beyond bless she has found
a love for music to take all those negative thoughts out of her mind and think positive regarding
what shes through.Music helps her forget about her past, she is hoping towards a good journey
with her music.
VIII. Interjections
Interjections are the final part of speech.
aha, ahem, ahh, ahoy, alas, arg, aw,bam, bingo, blah, boo, bravo, brrr,cheers,
congratulations,dang, drat, darn, duh,eek, eh, encore, eureka,fiddlesticks,gadzooks, gee, gee
whiz, golly, goodbye, goodness, good grief, gosh,ha-ha, hallelujah, hello, hey, hmm, holy
buckets, holy cow, huh?, humph, hurray, oh, oh dear, oh my, oh well, oops, ouch, ow, phew,
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phooey, pooh, pow, rats, shh, shoo, thanks, there, tut-tut, uh-huh, uh-oh, ugh, wahoo, well,
whoa, whoops, wow, yeah, yes, yikes, yippee, yo, yuck
i. Dang! I messed up my singing/acting auditions for Aladdin Musical.Oh well I aspire to
proceed and acknowledge my mistakes.
ii. Oh dear!!! Where is my cello,have you guys seen my cello anywhere? Ugh, if my mom
acknowledges this is my second time losing my cello ...yikes absolutely gonna get in trouble
tonight.
Iii. Wohooo Bravo Bravo!!! Nice job my wonderful music prodigies on your performance.Holy
buckets you guys did a marvelous job therefore we have a congratulations party but hmm we
can also have a field trip to broadway and watch Singing in The Rain.
Key Associated Term to Know For Parts of Speech:
VIII. Antecedents: An antecedent is an expression, word, phrase, clause, that gives it meaning
to a pro-form pronoun, pro verb, adverb.
i. Brandon delivered his new music to the music producers, they ended up loving the new album.
The pronoun his refers back to Brandon. Brandon is the antecedent for the pronoun his.
IX. Complements: Complements can be understood as a word, phrase or clause that is necessary
to complete the meaning of a given expression.
i. The professional singer feedback to her classmate was motivational to her classmate to help her
improve in her weakness.
The noun feedback tells us something about the classmate (subject).
X. Objects: Direct and Indirect
1. Direct: receives the action performed by the subject
- Mia showed her music teacher her new song lyrics and her teacher was astonish on her beautiful
song.
2. Indirect: it tells to whom or for whom something is done
- Liberty passed up her violin to the front of the class so the teacher will be able to use it.
XI. Modifiers: Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that provide description in sentence
- Poor Liberty wanted to get in the musical , that she didnt ended up going to school for 3 days
bcs she felt depressed.
XII.Transitions: Helps readers understand the significance how in paragraphs can join sentences
together to make one significance.
-Instead of leilani singing two solos she decided to give up one solo and instead make it a group
singing for all her classmates have the opportunity to perform.
- Similarities:
also, in the same way, just as so too, likewise, similarly, in a like manner, equally,by the same token,in
like fashion, in like manner,identically ,coupled with, together with,correspondingly.

- Time:
After, afterward, before, then, once, next, last, at last, at length, first, second, etc., at first, formerly, rarely,
usually, another, finally, soon, meanwhile, at the same time, for a minute, hour, day, etc., during the
morning, day, week, etc., most important, later, ordinarily, to begin with, afterwards, generally, in order
to, subsequently, previously, in the meantime, immediately, eventually, concurrently, simultaneously,
currently, during, earlier, now, recently.
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3also, furthermore, in addition,chiefly, with attention to, especially, particularly, singularly,even more,
more importantly.

- Space :
At the left, at the right, in the center, on the side, along the edge, on top, below, beneath, under, around,
above, over, straight ahead, at the top, at the bottom, surrounding, opposite, at the rear, at the front, in
front of, beside, behind, next to, nearby, in the distance, beyond, in the forefront, in the foreground, within
sight, out of sight, across, under, nearer, adjacent, in the background.

- Summary:
Therefore, finally, consequently, thus, in short, in conclusion, in brief, as a result, accordingly.as was
previously stated,so, consewuently,in summary,all in all, as has been mentioned, overall,briefly,given
these points,in al,hence,in some,in a word, in short,in sume,to put it briefly,as i have said,then,altogether.

-Addition:
additionally, again, also, and, as well, besides, equally important, further, furthermore, in addition,
moreover, then,indeed,either,also,moreover,and, as a matter of fact, in all honesty,to tell the truth,not only
this but also that as well

XIII. Expletives: starts with the words like it, here and there
- There 4 students in her music class that had the opportunity to sing the national anthem in a
football game.
XIV. Agreements: Subject-Verb and Noun-Pronoun
1. Subject-Verb: means the subject and verb must agree in number
- The Violin was heard from the 1st floor..
2. Noun-Pronoun:
Noun: person, place, thing, quality, or action.
Pronoun: can be itself as a noun that refers to something or someone.
- Nick and the rest of the students decided upon to create a strike with the school for effectively
closing the music room, band, orchestra,and the theater stage so these kids interested in
performing arts cant be joining clubs or taking classes that can help them become self confident.

Section1 Quiz:

True or False:
1. Noun Endings are -ness, -tude, -ster, -tion,-ment,-ory,-ism,-ance,-eer,-ist,-ence,-hood,-ture,-ity?
2. Compounds Nouns are refer to material things,to,people,or to places?
3. Direct object comes after the verb and answer what or whom?
4. FANBOYS is for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so?
Multiple Choice:
5. Object Complement means to ?
A. Renames nouns C. Describe a noun
 15

B. Follows a direct object and renames it D. A noun that follows a participle

6.They are 5 interrogative nouns which are ?
A. those,that,it,these,this C. who which,what,whatever,whoever
B. I, you.they,us,we D none of the above
7. Which are missing am,are,is_____,_______,______,____,______?
A. those,these them,that,this C.do,does,did,done,doing
B. Have,had,has,having,havent D.was,were,be,been,being
Fill in the blank:
8.Auxiliary verbs, Linking verbs,Lexical verbs,Dynamic verbs,Stative verbs,Finite verbs,________
verbs,Regular verbs,Irregular verbs,Transitive verbs,Intransitive verbs.
9. Manner,Time,Place,______,_______.
10. Adverbs ending are i,___,_____,wise
Grammar Book Section 2 : Phrases
2. Phrases : Phrases are groups of words that function as a part of speech.

A. Prepositional: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and is
used as an adjective or an adverb.

P N
i. (simple sentence) At last, in the end, who will win the music festival

P N
ii. (complex sentence) At last, in the end, who will win the musical festival,which will determine who
will have the opportunity for a record label in Hollywood as well with a two years contract for a tour with
new upcoming artist.

B. Appositive: A group of words that include all the words or phrases that modify an appositive.

N app.
i. (simple sentence) Selena, the singing icon, made her greatest hits in 2003.

N app.
ii. (complex sentence) Selena, the singing icon, made her greatest hits in 2003 unfortunately, when she
died they filmed a movie on her life and music journey which for in fact changed many young peoples
lives.

C. Verbal: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun.

I. Gerund: word ending in ing used as a noun.

G:ing
i. You will always catch Melenie singing to adele during saturday music rehearsals
G:ing
 16

i. You will always catch Melenie singing to adele during saturday music rehearsals, she states it makes
her feel self-assured about her voice before any performance.

II. Participle: word ending in ing or ed used as an adjective.

P:ed
i. (simple) The young singer wished upon the stars for her to win the record label.

P:ed
ii. (complex) The young singer wished upon the stars for her to win the record label however, she knows
they are other talented girls that deserve that label as much as she does.

III. Infinitive: verb preceded by the word to (to go, to jump) used as noun, adjectives, or adverbs
_inf_
i.(simple) To address the new musical performing dates is what the parents hope to mention in parent
meetings.
_inf_
ii.(complex) To address the new musical performing dates is what the parents hope to mention in parent
meetings unfortunately the music teacher was absent for personal reasons which parent meeting had to be
cancelled and rescheduled to upcoming week.

Section 2 Quiz:
Mark True or False, if the statement is correct:
1. Prepositional is word ending in ing or ed used as an adjective?
2. Infinitive is a verb preceded by the word to (to go, to jump) used as noun, adjectives, or
adverbs?
3. Theyre 3 kind of phrases ?
4. Is gerund defined as ending with ed ?
5. Does Participle phrase end with ing or ed

Underline the Prepositional phrase in the following sentences

6. At last, the singer finished her final song for her new album which she is ecstatic to show her fans
how her music evolved and changed since 2 years ago.
Underline the gerund in the following sentence.
7. Maya had to do a who inspires you? essay and she decided to write about her singing coach
which unfortunately is struggling with cancer
Underline the Infinitive Phrase in the following sentences
8. Lily has a final for her orchestra class which she has to learn to play a new instrument out of her
comfort zone, shes not sure if she should try the cello or the tube.
9. Beyonc fans came to see her perform live at a venue.
10. Nicole woke up with a sore throat last night which shes not sure if she will be to perform for the
100th year musical orchestra festival this saturday night at the venue.
 17

rammar Book Section 3 : Clauses

G
3.Clauses: Explain each kind of clause and give two (2) labeled examples of each
a. Independent:CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern.
Adj N Adj
(simple): Being professional singer takes practice.
Adj N Adj N
(complex) Being a professional singer takes practice and dedication, furthermore it years of preparation
its a skill you have to master over time.
b. Subordinate (dependent): Cannot stand alone as a complete sentences and Must begin with a
Subordinate Conjunction.

I. Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a
direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive.
V N N
a. Where she grew up people tend to always contribute their old musical instruments for homeless kids
during christmas time. [subject]
N V N
b. Please give a round of applause to whoever contributed their time to raise enough money to purchase
musical instruments for the school year. [indirect object]
N adj N
c. That singer was being rudely unprofessional during her musical audition, the judges were doubting
if she was even ideal for the part. [subject]
N V N N
d. Every student had to check their musical instrument before class ends to make sure what they used
was properly placed back as the previously class left them. [direct object]
N N
e. Singing is what Michelle enjoys doing most. [Predicate Noun]
N Adj
f. Place your new guitar in whichever guitar case you want. [Indirect Object]
N N Adj
g. Our hope is that Claudia will get the record label in New York, it will give her extensive advantage
for her future singing career. [Appositive]

II.Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause.

A. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word:
N N N
a. This is the place where Selena the latin singer lastly perform. [where is an introductory word]
N N N
b. There is the piano for sale that i absolutely love in Ms. Janes store.
N N Adv
c. The musician that you wanted to perform for the musical festival unfortunately, is booked that day .

B. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns:

 18

N N N
a. Nicole is the one who got her instrument back right after the orchestra performance finish. [ONE
is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.]
N N N
b. There goes the teacher whose class is dedicated to teach beginner orchestra during 6th period.
[Teacher is the antecedent of whose and is modified by the adjective clause]
N V N N
c.The marching band had to perform for the football game in the hot weather that the instructor decided
to tell to go that a break and get refresh for the performance later.

d. NOTE: The relative pronoun has two functions. It introduces the clause and it is used as a sentence-part
within the clause.
Adj N V N
i. Is that the authentic song you want to perform in front of millions of people? [THAT is the direct
object of WANT]
N N N Adj
ii Beyonce is the singer whom created the lemonade album which is getting greatest hits on the internet.
[WHOM is the direct object of towards]
N V N
iii. The singers which you referred for the musical ended up not getting the part.
N N N
iv.Nicole is a professional singer who easily disregards with others opinion on her music.

3. Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced
by a subordinating conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition,
and/or concession.
a. Modifying Verbs
Adv N N
i. Unfortunately not everyone in the orchestra team was on stage where only a few could see the people
on the back. (place)
N Adj Adv
ii. When the orchestra group finally finished playing, everyone quickly got up to leave . (time)
Adj N N
iii. We didnt ended up going to music practice because they had to go to the science fair for their
science final. (purpose)
N N Adv
iv. The singer sang breathe me by Sia as if she passionately meant the lyrics in the song. (condition)
b. Modifying adjectives:
N N Adv
i. The musical for Aladdin seems twice as long as it used to be. (how much)
N Adj N N
 19

ii. Selena is an inspirational American singer as the R&B singer Beyonc . (to what extent)
c. Modifying adverbs:
N Adj N N
i. Delilah raised much more money than her older sister did last year for the summer music school in
New York. (condition)
4. Relative Clauses: dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun
V N N
a. The person who arrives early will be getting front seats for the Grease musical.
5. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted.

N N N
a. When performing live, the singer pours her heart out to the crowd singing Impossible by Shontelle.
6. Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence
N Adj N
a.The song that most interested the student is by Journey called Separate Ways(Worlds Apart).
7. Nonessential Clauses: clauses that are not necessary to the meaning of the sentence
N V N N
A. The musical auditions, which will begin in a few months, will be cast in London.

Section 3 Quiz
Identify if its either True Or False:
1. Clauses are groups of words with a subject and a verb?
2. Adverb Clause is used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced
by a subordinating conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or
concession ?
3. There 10 types of Independent Clauses?
4. Subordinate Clauses must begin with Subordinate Conjunction?
5. There 7 types of Subordinate Clauses?
Underline the Relative Clauses in the following sentences:
6. The student who finishes first their song before the deadline will get extra credit.
7. The student who sells the first musical ticket will get an advantage of front row seats on a local
concert.
Underline the Nonessential Clauses in the following sentences:
8. The singer is pleased with her new song ,which will be released spring of 2017.
9. The musician will be attending a Nyu ,which she is miserable about leaving her little sister.
Fill in the Blank:
Clauses necessary to the meaning of a sentence are _________ clauses.

Grammar Book Section 4 : Sentences

4. Sentences-Explain each sentence types and patterns and give two(2) examples of each(one basic
and one advanced)
Sentence Parts
I. Subject
 20

a. Complete: A Complete sentence starts with a capital letter and ends with a period
(exclamation or question mark).
S V Adv N
(simple): Did you notice how fantastically her voice sounded.
S V Adv N
(complex): Did you notice how fantastically her voice sounded in the iHeart music festival, she sounded
marvelous singing to living on a prayer by Bon Jovi.
b. Simple: Consist of only one clause with a single subject and predicate.
N V N
(simple): Some students like to play their instruments in the morning.
N V N N
(complex): Some students like to play their instruments in the morning to get more practice for the
audition they will have the 24th of November.

c. Compound: A sentence with more than one subject or predicate.

N V N V
(simple): She loves to sing , but she gets anxiety while performing.
N N N N
(complex): He loves to take piano classes, but his little sister will prefer to take ballet classes.

ii. Predicate: The part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the
subject.
a. Complete:
S V
(simple): Melenie sang in the Jingle Ball festival.
S V
(complex): Melenie is scheduled to sing at the most talked about festival, the Jingle Ball.

b. Simple:
V N Adj
(simple): Karla and Nancy sang in the new auditorium for the new musical.
V N Adj Adj
(complex): Karla and Nancy sang in the new auditorium for the new musical, the girls were excited that
their school finally fundraise enough money to dedicate a new auditorium for the musical club.

c. Compound:
V Adj V Adv V
(simple): Audrey wrote an astonishing song about bullying,but sadly her younger sister dropped orange
juice all over the song.
Adj N V
(complex): Nathaniel was excited about the music video he will be releasing,and he decided to preview
his new song in Mtv.
 21

B.Sentence Types:
i. Declarative: Used to convey information or to make statements.
Adj Adj
(simple): Yesterdays musical was fascinating.
Adj Adj Adj
(complex): Yesterdays musical was fascinating especially when they brought out a special guest to
perform.

ii. Interrogative: Used in asking questions

N V
(simple): Did beyonce really just perform her new single in the VMA?

N N N
(complex): Do you really think I will be able to have an audition for the Aladdin Musical in New York
city?
iii. Imperative: issue commands or requests or they can express a desire or wish. They are punctuated
with a simple period or they can be exclamations requiring an exclamation mark. It all depends on the
strength of emotion you want to express.
N N N
(simple): Put Beyonces new music video on the Tv.
N Adj Adj V
(complex): Natalia for the longest dreamed to become a professional singer, She will never surrender her
dream of becoming a singer.

iv. Exclamatory:Doesnt really matter what the emotion is, an exclamatory sentence is the type of
sentence needed to express it. Exclamatory sentences always end in an exclamation mark, so its
pretty easy to spot them.
V N
(simple): After she finish singing the crowd began to chant Bravo and Marvelous!.
V N
(complex): Her daughter finished performing in the Jingle Ball Festival which her family decided to
chant You did phenomenal Lesly, Proud of you !!!

C. Sentence Errors(Incomplete/Incorrect Types)(with correction guidelines)

i. fragment:Doesnt contain a main clause
N N
(Error): After Rihanna finish performing. (not a complete thought)
N N Adj
(Correction): After Rihanna finish performing, the whole crowd yelled Stunning and Rihanna brought
a special guest to perform final song , it was a tremendous ending.
ii.Run-on/Rambling:Run-on/Rambling:two or more independent clauses are connected improperly.
V N
(Error): She loves to sing she will never miss a practice.
 22

V N
(Correction): Because she loves to sing, she will never miss a practice
iii.Refused Sentence: Two independent clauses are joined without any punctuation or connecting
word between them.
N Adj V
(Error): Her brother says he loves going to her sister musical to see her perform. He only goes for the
free snacks.
N Adj V
(Correction): Her brother says he loves going to her sister musical to see her perform but he only goes to
her musical for the free snacks the teachers give out in the entrance.
iv.Misplaced Modifier:word, phrase, or clause that is improperly separated from the word it
modifies / describes
N N
(Error): Ms.Sanchez said on Friday Nicole will be performing.
N N
(Correction): Ms.Sanchez said Nicole will be performing her final on Friday at 3:30 p.m in front of
whole school faculty.
v. Comma Splice: Use of a comma to join two independent clauses.
V Adv Adj
(Error): Kasandra,performed marvelously in her school musical.
V Adv Adj
(Correction): Kasandra performed marvelously in her school musical, but you can tell she was really
nervous being on stage.
vi. Double Negative: A Grammatical construction occurring when two forms of negation are used
in the same sentence.
N N
(Error): I didn't see violin in classroom.
N N
(Correction): I didnt see her violin in the classroom when I left.
A. Sentence Patterns
i. Simple : A simple sentence is a sentence that is just one independent clause.
V N
(simple) I sabotaged her performance.
Adv V N N
(complex) I intentionally, sabotaged her performance with all my bad intention for her not to win
first place for the Annual musical
ii. Compound : A compound sentence is a sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no
dependent clauses.
N N N
(simple) She tried to audition for a musical, but auditions turned out to be held last weekend.
N N N
 23

(complex) She tried to audition for a musical, but auditions turned out to be held last weekend
which agitated her because she flew in from Florida, just to audition for the The Wizard of Oz
musical.
iii. Complex : A complex sentence is a sentence with one independent clause and at least one
dependent clause.
Adj N N
(simple) I learned a valuable lesson in the third grade when I applied for Orchestra classes.
Adj N N
(complex) I learned a valuable lesson in the third grade when i applied for Orchestra classes, my
sister thought i wouldnt be committed to the class which i decided to prove her wrong and stayed
for two years playing the violin.
iv. Complex/Compound: A complex/compound sentence has multiple independent clauses and
dependent clauses.
Adj Adj Adj
(simple) He was part of a musical, but the musical appeared to be effortless.
Adj Adj Adj
(complex) He was part of a musical, but the musical appeared to be effortless so, it was
unbelievable, that he decided to decline his role in the musical and start a musical career as a solo
singer which he end up acknowledging his passion towards music.
v. Loose sentence : A loose sentence is a sentence that contains an independent clause plus a
subordinate construction (either a clause or a phrase).
N N N
(simple) First the plan is to get a record label,then start a tour in Europe.
N V N
(complex) First the plan is to accomplish for a record label to sign me, record songs and write
song that impacted my life which will make hits in pop music then start a tour in Europe.

vi. Periodic Sentence : A periodic sentence is a sentence in which the independent clause is given at the
end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense.
Adj N V N
(simple) Despite the time consuming, the competition, the struggle, the constant criticism,the
struggle of being a famous singer.
Adj N
(complex) Despite the time consuming, endless nights of no sleep, the criticism of the media , the
struggle of making hit music is the struggle of becoming a famous artist.
vii. Balanced Sentence: A balanced sentence is a sentence where phrases or clauses parallel each other
by virtue of their likeliness of structure, meaning, or length.
Adj Adj V
(simple) Every singer is considered unique, lets them express themselves through music.
Adj Adj V
(comlex) Every singer is considered unique, lets them express themselves through music, let
them inspired individuals to accomplish their dream or simply give them hope.
 24

viii. Parallel Structure: A parallel structure sentence is a sentence using the same pattern of words to
show that two or more words or ideas are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what
is being written.
N N N
(simple) She is a singer, a writer, and an inspiration.
N N N
(comlex) She is a singer,a writer,and an inspiration for individuals trying to achieve a career in
the music industry.
ix. Chiasmus : A chiasmus sentence is a sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or
clauses) in inverted (reversed) order.
N N Adj
(simple) And if you cant be with the one you love, honey, Love the one youre with.famous
song called love the one you're with sang by Crosby Stills, Nash & Young.
N N Adj
(complex) And if you cant be with the one you love, honey, Love the one youre with.famous
song called love the one you're with sang by Crosby Stills, Nash & Young.which became the
greatest pop hit.
x. Asyndeton : An asyndeton sentence is a sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words,
phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.
Adj Adj Adj
(simple) They are ignorant, they are disrespectful, they are inconsiderate about others privacy.
Adj Adj Adj
(complex) They are ignorant, they are disrespectful, they are inconsiderate about other privacy,
thats why famous artist dont like to interact with paparazzis.
xi. Polysyndeton : A polysyndeton sentence is a sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close
proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.
N N N N
(simple) All music genres are great like jazz and rock and rap.
V V V
(complex) She sang, and danced and acted the part extraordinary which the producers decided to
give her the role of Sandy from Grease.
xii. Anaphora : A anaphora sentence is a sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word,
words or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw
attention.
V V
(simple) I remember it like it was yesterday.
V V N
(complex) I remember it like it was yesterday, my first performance in front of a crowd which
was the Aladdin musical in New York.
xiii. Epistrophe : A epistrophe sentence is a sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with
the same word or words.
N N V
 25

(simple) The paparazzis and the media are not the best, artist need the best support, they deserve
the best.
N N V
(complex) The paparazzis and the media are not the best, artist need the best support, they
deserve the best, they tend to ruin an artist imagine for them to gain a bad reputation and they
clearly don't understand to respect artist privacy.

Sentences Quiz
True or False
1. A epistrophe sentence is a sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the
same word or words?
2. A anaphora sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word,words or a phrase at
the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw
attention?
3. A loose sentence is a sentence with multiple independent clause, but no dependent
clause?
4. A complex compound is sentence with one independent clause and at least one
dependent clause?
5. A simple sentence is a sentence that is just one independent clause?
What sentence is it ?
6. He is an actor, singer and a role model to young individuals trying to make it in the music
industry.
7. He intentionally, poured orange juice all over his classmate song which he didnt felt any
remorse that he ruin his classmate song that took him days to finish.
8. She was in a musical, but unfortunately the musical didnt get the best rating in her singing
skills.
9. First the plan is to raise money, then purchase my dream guitar to start my music career as a
singer/songwriter.
10. He tried to earn money for his guitar, but turned out his mother was already planning to give
him a guitar for his 15 birthday party.
Grammar Book Sections 5: Paragraphs
5.Paragraphs
A. Introductory Paragraphs
i.Hook/lead
i. Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and intro the topic)
1. Ex. Sitting in her theater arts class was Melenie, a gullible teenager her mind wandered
off, as she pictured herself in New York City for vacation while she vaguely listened to
Ms.Lilian. She was sitting in silent not reading her script. Ms.Lilian called her attention
and although she began to practice, she was still reminiscing about her life. As she
lectured about the new musical they will be performing for the seniors, she knew she
wanted to get lead role and this was her where she publicized her singing and acting
skills.
ii. Query Based ( Question that brings the reader to the topic)
 26

1. Ex: What does it take on becoming a professional singer for a Broadway Musical?
b. Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing-usually one sentence in length-and something
that is arguable)
i. Assertion (claim)
1. Ex. Being in the theater arts you have to be devoted for hours rehearsals and constantly
attend acting class also dedicated to your role when youre rehearsing your lines.
ii. Fact (empirically verifiable)
1. Ex. Cooperating in Musicals , individuals gain confidence, self esteem , discipline, time
management and prioritizes.
iii. Opinion (personal position on a topic)
1. Ex. Musicals can demonstrate individuals talent as well benefits them to interact with
others and being apart of a community to express themselves freely.
iv. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature - an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is
not necessarily)
1. Ex. According to meta performing arts, children can benefit from gaining knowledge on
finding their true identity.
v. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half -
avoid using this type of thesis statement)
1. Ex. They learn to have discipline, responsibility and accountability, to stay out of their
comfort zones, willingly to take risks, have courage, accept compliments and criticism.
vi. Document Based (cites a specific source and its position on a topic)
1. Ex. In meta performing arts ,they state performing in broadway or being in performing
arts programs allows individuals to grow into mature adults.
vii. Theory ( a statement that can be tested and potentially proven)
1. Ex. Musicals magnifies as cognitive learning as well as facilitated growth in regions like
motivation, social skills, and time management.
2. Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each and present evidence to support or
expand on the thesis)
a.Topic sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one
subject and area of evidence and support)
i. Ex. Multiple sources claim that starting in broadway or in performing arts programs they help
you establish to conquer fears.
b. Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences - quotes should
be embedded within sentences)
i. Ex. Studies have also shown that youth who participate in the performing arts from stronger
ties with community and more often, tend to return and/or settle within the community and perform
community service as adults. (meta performing arts, article )
ii. Ex. Students in the arts learn academic skills: analysis, problem solving, reasoning, abstract
thinking, and creative thinking. ( meta performing arts, article)
iii.Ex. Education in arts,teaches the basic skills which are teamwork, responsibility,
collaboration, and leadership. (meta performing arts, article )
iv, Ex. The combination of singing, dancing and acting experienced in musical theatre is one of
the wonderful ways a person can build self confidence(hobby lark, article)
 27

v. Ex. You can build your self confidence when you continually improve your craft. Talented
people work very hard to perfect their skills,musical theatre artists rehearse over and over again ( hobby
lark, article)
vi. Paraphrase (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but
still citing the source)
1.Original Quote: Fear is one of the major blocks to self confidence. Fear of making
mistakes, fear of looking like a fool, fear of facing a crowd, fear of being judged, not being good enough
and not being accepted. Whatever fears we have, facing it head on is the greatest thing we can do to build
our self confidence.
2. Ex. Paraphrase: Fear is blocking individuals from self confidence insteading of having a
fear of making mistakes, looking like fool or facing crowd/judges, we should instead face our fears to
build self confidence.
vii. Summary (condensing larger quotes or sections)
1. Original Quote: Fear is one of the major blocks to self confidence. Fear of making mistakes, fear
of looking like a fool, fear of facing a crowd, fear of being judged, not being good enough and not
being accepted. Whatever fears we have, facing it head on is the greatest thing we can do to build
our self confidence.
2. Summary: Fears shouldnt conclude to limit from achieving our dreams, goals or even succeeding
in a career.
viii. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, what if examples - AVOID)
1. Ex. We can become professional performers for broadway musicals if we dont permit our fears
impact our performance, lifestyle,and confidence.
ix. Concrete Examples (actual, reference-able examples)
1. Ex. A study on April 14, 2016, The benefits of Musical Theater directs that participating in a
musical theater class benefits us to develop that taking risks is the solution for
confidence,therefore confidence supports us to develop determination towards collaboration and
social skills.

c. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or
culminating word - possibly an adverb - and should echo the thesis of the essay).
i. Ex. Clearly, Musicals Theater helps us develop a creative mindset, conquer our fears,
collaboration, and self confidence.
3. Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions - should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your
essay)
a. Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of
disregarding the implications of the thesis - Creating A COUNTERARGUMENT)
i. Ex. If we let our fears conquer our aspiration, its possible that in conclusion, we won't be
benefiting from our future, we will conserve a fixed mindset which will compel to conclude that we arent
valid to conquer any of our ambitions.
b. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the thesis statement using consequences of disregarding
the implications of the thesis - could be one or more sentences)
i. Ex. As such, our fears clearly can be connected to establish a Fixed Mentality which limits our
selfs to stay in our comfort zones.
 28

c. Establishing the Significance of the Thesis

i. Ex. Therefore, as the Musical theater women director states, when she stopped criticizing
herself she reached the mentality that everyone has distress on looking like a fool, being judged,singing
wrong lyrics.
b. Final Sentence (connects to the hook)
i. Ex. We should all considered on enrolling in a musical theater class it will benefit us to conquer
our fears, explore new ideas , experiences, better collaboration, and social skills.

Paragraphs Quiz:
True or False:
1. A Anecdotal is a Brief story to set the mood and intro the topic?
2. A Generalization is a personal position on a topic?
3. A Belief is a social, religious, or political in nature - an opinion held by many to be a fact,
though it is not necessarily?
4. A Fact is a empirically verifiable?
5. A Theory is a statement that can be tested and potentially proven?
Choose the Answer:
6. Fear is one of the major blocks to self confidence. Fear of making mistakes, fear of looking like a
fool, fear of facing a crowd, fear of being judged, not being good enough and not being accepted.
Whatever fears we have, facing it head on is the greatest thing we can do to build our self confidence.
Summary or Abstract Examples
7. Final sentences connect to ?
Theory or Hook
8. A closing sentence ends in ?
Statement or Discussion
9.Rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the
source is ?
Paraphrase or Statement(s) of Extensions
10. Must have echoes of the thesis in each and present evidence to support or expand on the thesis is ?
Body Paragraphs or Query Paragraphs

Grammar Book Section 6: Essays

Essays
a. Types
i. Persuasive (Argumentative): To engage reader to acknowledge the writer's point of view. The writer
must have supporting facts, examples, expert opinion, and sound reasoning therefore must have
supporting views on each side of the argument.
ii. Expository :
1. Definition or Description: Describe a topic in straightforward and logical manner only stating
facts therefore the writer wont use opinions or emotions. The writer defines a topic using facts,
statistics,and examples. Implied to help to provide information or an explanation stating an issue,
method, subject or idea.
 29

2. Process( How-to): The process will be classified into two types according to its purpose.
Can be classified through comparison and contrast, definition, example, the analysis or cause and effect.
1. To write an expository essay first take time to brainstorm therefore look for research,have supporting
ideas and take notes.
2. Create an initial draft which should include a thesis or main idea. Your 3 body paragraphs should
include various of point supporting your thesis and include facts, examples. Avoid using I You in
paragraphs it should in thirds person.
3. Revise the essay: Reflect if the thesis truly supports all your given facts, watch out for unnecessary
facts, for unclear sentences, does concluding paragraphs state all supporting ideas.Included editing and
correcting grammar errors and focus if it's engaging the reader's attention.
3. Compare and Contrast: Comparison and Contrast can be characterized by discussing the
similarities and differences throughout the paragraphs between two or more individuals,places, or things.
4. Cause and Effect: Cause and effect describes the cause and result of the situation or issue,
consider different point of views and have support for your thesis.Describe how it affects and support
ideas which will help the writer identify an alliance between both topics.
iii. Analytical/ Critical: To emphasize the work being studied rather than opinions or feelings and claim
must be supported with information. Analytical and Critical involves questioning and reflecting upon
supporting information or ideas. Requires to comprehend the main picture of the topic analyzing the
positive issue and negative.
1. (evaluative) Evaluate the context and present a value of judgement based on criteria.To wirite an
evaluating essay should requires a cler point of view which should have supporting evidence .
Acquire to have sufficient ideas of information therefore research the topic and acquire a clear
judgement of the topic.
2. (interpretive) Defines the content in the paragraphs as well answering questions. Requires clear
perspective of the thesis which the statement must include literary interpretation. It has to include
supporting facts,examples, summaries, and commentary: opinions, analysis, interpretation,
insight.
iv. Narrative: (tells a story)
1. Personal Anecdote: It contains a beginning, middle, and end which you can relate in a interesting
or entertaining manner. Allows individuals to express themselves using creativity. Ask yourself
questions about your 5 senses for example: what are tasting? Or what you hearing?. Consider
having supporting details to help the readers understand your perspective.
v. Research : Lead the reader to compare and analyze the work of others. Helps the reader write notes on
the different views also, helps them create a different perspective and have more ideas.Have a relevant
background information, define concept: focus on the main concept of the paper. Choosing the topic will
be your choice or handed.When found the main idea or topic annotate in your own words. Information
can be found different sites, books, textbooks,handouts, primary sources and secondary sources.
1. MLA Format: To display your sources within the liberal arts and humanities.Allows to
write paper and cite sources. The writer acquire to cite all sources and whether it was a
book,handout,website, and magazines.
1. Author
2. Title of source
3. Title of container
 30

4.Other contributors
5. Version (edition)
6.Number(Vol.andor/no)
7. Publisher
8. Publication
9.Location
10. Date of Access
2. APA Format: To organized your content, achieve an active, in first person.citations,reference pages.
APA guidelines: typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper with 1" margins on all sides. Have a clear
font which has to be readable. Inquire to use Times New Roman in 12 font. APA Format contains a page
header on every page, page number, title of paper, page header in all caps and less than 50 characters.
(Title page, Abstract, Main body and References)
vi. Timed : Writing an essay in a brief amount of time. Usually handed in colleges therefore some
requirements are plant time wisely,collect thoughts,have time to revise, take time to answer questions
correctly, manage your time, revise the thesis and if your supporting ideas and facts help support
thesis(get rid of any unnecessary information).
1. Document Based Question (DBQ):Provides documents to provide sources of information for your
writing. An essay or a series of questions which is providing students knowledge by providing
support from different sources.
2. Synthesis: To analyze variety of sources and identify common information with your thesis.In
synthesis choose a topic, analyze a claim, select and combine sources, then use supporting
resources to create a written essay.
3. Prompt Based: A question must be answered and established as an essay which can extended
from any topics. Prompt based focuses on a specific topic which should inspire the author to
create an essay using the response.Prompt based will benefit testing your writing and analytical
skills.
b. Strategies/ Planning Tips/ Steps
i. Pre- writing/ Prompt Analysis/Outlining: Allows you to discover the structure and format of the essay.
(bubble maps , outlines, free-writing, brainstorming and researching). Pay attention to questions ask who,
what, why, when, how, where.
iii. Research/Evaluation of Sources : the practice of compiling accurate and
credible supporting evidence. Establish a topic question, fine the difference between primary
and secondary research, referencing to the topic of interest include supporting evidence.Writers
are acquired to use books, magazines, pamphlets, newspapers, journals, brochures, Websites, and various
media reports that are available.
c. Works Cited Page
1. MLA Citation: You incorporate sources into your writing therefore must include both text and
citation (in the body) and full citations (work cited page), citing the page, number of text referred.
Ex: Why Frank Ocean and Other Big Names Prefer the Sudden Digital Drop New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/06/arts/music/frank-ocean-beyonce-adele-digital-release.html?rref=coll
ection%2Ftimestopic%2FKnowles%2C%20Beyonce&action=click&contentCollection=timestopics&regi
on=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=5&pgtype=collection&_r=1
Accessed August 5, 2016
 31

2. APA Format: Mention reference page, last name and initials for authors.(must be alphabetized)
Ex: Netter, G., Johnson, B., & Kosove, A. (Producers) & Hancock, J. L. (Director). (2009). The blind
side [Motion Picture]. United States: Warner Bros.
Essay Quiz:
True or False:
1. Persuasive (Argumentative) is to engage reader to acknowledge the writer's point of view. The
writer must have supporting facts, examples, expert opinion, and sound reasoning therefore must
have supporting views on each side of the argument?
2. Personal Anecdote contains a beginning, middle, and end which you can relate in a interesting or
entertaining manner. Allows individuals to express themselves using creativity?
3. Synthesis provides documents to provide sources of information for your writing?
4. Prompt Based is a question must be answered and established as an essay which can extended
from any topics?
5. Apa Format is to display your sources within the liberal arts and humanities?
Mark the write letter
6. Research A. Express themselves on being creative
7. Expository B.Having supportive views on each side of the argument
8. Narrative C. Describing a topic straightforward
9. Persuasive D. Compare and analyze of others
10. Analytical E. Emphasized work which is being studied.

Grammar Book Section 7: Capitalization

7. Capitalization
Number 1: Capitalize the first word in every sentence.
Ex: Selena Quintanilla won the Best Outstanding Female Vocalist at the Tejano Music Awards in 1987.
Number 2: Capitalize proper nouns. A proper noun is used to classify a specific person, place or thing.
Ex: In New York City, Wicked is the most sensational broadway musical since 2003.
Number 3: In a quoted sentence capitalize the first word.
Ex: Ms. Lillian asked Mikayla if she would like to volunteer to help the less fortunate and donate her old
guitar which Mikayla states Yes indeed Ms.Lillian aswell, i will donate my old flute and my brother
clarinet .
Number 4: Capitalize books, magazines, movies,articles,songs, newspapers.
Ex: Wicked is an broadway musical which unravels an untold story of the Witches of Oz its established
by the novel called Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West.
Number 5: Capitalize pronoun I
Ex: I guarantee upon myself to enroll in an orchestra class over the summer to benefit me on learning
how to play the violin and clarinet.
Number 6: Capitalize School, Colleges and Universities
Ex: Samanthas teacher Ms.Lola recommended her at Hollywood Academy of Music which, made
Samantha anxious to know the result if she's enrolled for next semester.
Number 7: Capitalize names of building, monuments,tunnels and bridges.
Ex: The Vienna State of Opera appears to be the oldest opera in Australia. In fact, The Vienna State of
Opera is considered most significant operas houses in the world.
 32

Number 8: Capitalize Street names

Ex: Mr. Royer's wants to establish a music school for the less fortunate in Wilshire Blvd. Unfortunately,
he's uncertain how long it will take him to save enough money to purchase for instruments, staff, and the
payment of the rent.
Number 9: Capitalize Languages
Ex: Mr.Parks, the music teacher is bilingual which helps him instruct the lesson for all Spanish kids
from ages 5-8 on Saturday mornings.
Number 10: Capitalize awards or monuments
Ex: The band American rock band Journey achieve an Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a
Duo.
Number 11: Capitalize holidays
Ex: The children decided upon each other to perform for the homeless people for Christmas Eve in the
morning and assist them throughout the day.
Number 12: Capitalize opening of an letter
Ex: Dear Ms. Lilian,
I am sorry for disappointing you on not deciding to perform for the Annual Musical Festival. I felt as
though i wasnt prepared to conquered my fears in performing in front of a crowd therefore, i decided
upon myself to work on facing my fears.
Number 13: Capitalize Political division: continents, regions, countries, states, counties, cities and towns.
Ex: After, Nathalia graduates from high school her objective is to move to the United Kingdom to attend
Harrogate Music School in the fall.
Number 14: Capitalize names
Ex: Nicole is an outstanding student therefore,her mother decided to enrolled her in some broadway
training classes every Friday night to pursue her to become part of the theater arts program in her school.
Number 15: Capitalize directions like north or south
Ex: Mr.Marks stated the new Musical School for Deaf in the North side which caused an disagreement
upon Ms.Lillian because she confirms it's located in the South side.
Number 16: Capitalize time periods
Ex: The Vienna State of Opera is an opera house which was constructed in the 19th century.
Number 17: Capitalize first the formal title when its intention is to be used as a direct address
Ex: Im sorry to intervene with the rehearsal, Ms lilian someone stole my violin.
Number 18: Capitalize first word in the Salutation and First word of closing of a letter
Ex: Bon Jovi concluded on his goodbye letter with Piano playing is a dying art. I love the fact that I
can be one guy with one instrument evoking an emotional and musical experience.
Number 19:Capitalize first word resulting with a colon
Ex: Jaime and Marcus were late to music practice: Mr.Parks stated if they were late once again he will
cut their privileges on taking the musical intruments home or assisting to any musical performances.
Number 20: Capitalize initials
Ex: I will like to rent out the music room for my students Monday-Friday for periods 1,3 and 5 for two
weeks to prepare them for the musical festival.
Thank you,
A.B
Number 21: Capitalize Nickname
 33

Ex: Selena QuintanillaQueen of Tejano music in the 20th century became one of the most celebrated
Mexican-American.
Number22: Capitalize Political Names
Ex: Shakira the Colombian singer is opposing with the Republican Donald Trump, she feels no one
living in this century should support such ignorance.
Number 23:Capitalize Companies
Ex: Colombian Records maintained Beyonce to establish her first music label.
Number 24:Capitalize Family relationships
Ex: I said sent a thank you letter to Aunt Ebelin for purchasing me a piano for my 15th birthday and for
giving me 3 Beyonces formation tickets.
Number 25:Capitalize days and months
Ex: On Friday, Ms. Alvaro will take her music class to a broadway show in Manhattan for a last day of
school.

Section 7 Quiz:
Fix the sentence if needed to:
1. On tuesday, Nicole decided to take her little sister to music school.
2. warner bros helps promote bands music for instance like likin park.
3. Nicole helped create the new music lyrics: ms.diaz ended up using the song for the musical
festival.
4. Beyonce known as queen b is gonna have a tour in 2016 but her concert tickets will be expensive.
5. The Vienna State of Opera is an opera house which was constructed in the 19th century.
6. mr.marks stated the new Musical School for Deaf in the north side which caused an disagreement
upon ms.lillian because she confirms it's located in the south side.
True or False:
7. You always capitalize the first word in every sentence?
8. They are only 28 rules?
9. You always capitalize names?
10. You always capitalize holidays?

Grammar Book Section 8: Punctuation

8. Punctuation
A. Brackets [ ] :Brackets helps us include information necessary to the main theme.
Ex: The beatles[ English Rock Band] became most influential in the rock era therefore their most
commonly album is White Album in 1968.
B. Parenthesis ( ): Parenthesis helps us include additional information
Ex: She(egotistically) ruined her sister's audition for the Aladdin Musical therefore, her sister wont
be receiving a call back.
C. Punctuation . : Punctuation helps conclude a sentence.
Ex: Ms.White decided to conduct a music class for the less fortunate in Lemon Grove Park which
resulted in her training these kids every Saturday for the past 3 years.
D. Comma , : Comma allows us separate independent clauses while three or more items are listed.
 34

Ex: Liam decided upon his own will to conduct a music class every friday after school , he decided to
display the importance between self confidence and creating a supportive environment.
E. Hyphen- : Hyphen helps break apart words or join them together.
Ex: The broadway musical Singing in the rain was an eye-opener for individuals who never attended a
broadway musical.
F. Dash : A dash represents a range of numbers,dates, or time.
Ex: The orchestra band has practice from 5-7 every single day after school for preparation on the Annual
Musical Festival.
G. Colon: : A colon can help introduce idea, quotations, and explanations.
Ex: Mr. Parks created a list of broadway musical he will like to perform for this year which are:
Chicago, Wicked, Singing in the Rain,Aladdin,School of Rock.
H.Semicolon; : A semicolon allows to separate an independent clause which contribute the same idea.
Ex: The Broadway singers had performance on friday at the Music Festival; The Orchestra Band
performed friday for School Spirit.
I. Question Mark ? : A question mark is used at the end of an indirect question.
Ex: Mr. Park by any chance have you observe if i left my violin on Friday after school?
J. Exclamation Point !: Exclamation points helps express strong emotion after a sentence.
Ex:! Marvalous! !Extravagant! yelled Natalia's mother surely after she finished her amazing solo on the
piano.
K Apostrophe : The Apostrophe helps mark possessions, pluralization of abbreviations.
Ex: Remember to put Ms.Diazs violin back in the music room otherwise a random student may steal the
expensive violin and in result Ms.Diaz will responsible for the bill on the lost violin.
L . Quotation Marks: Quotation Marks indicate something being cited .
Ex: The singer Beyonce indicated A lot of success comes a lot of negativity
M. Ellipses : Ellipses can indicate an omission as well stream of thoughts.
Ex; The flute cost Nevermine, I forgot how much the sales lady named the price of the flute.

Section 8 Quiz
True or False
1. They are 12 punctuations?
2. Ellipses can indicate an omission as well stream of thoughts?
3. Exclamation points helps express strong emotion after a sentence?
4. Hyphen helps break apart words or join them together?
5. Quotation marks is used at the end of an indirect question?
6. A dash represents a range of numbers,dates, or time?
7. Brackets helps us include information necessary to the main theme?
Name the Punctuation
8. !Omg! I cannot believe I got a call back from Aladdin Musical producers!
9. Approximately, how much the drums cost?
10. The singer and actor Demi Lovato states Love yourself for who you are and just keep going
Grammar Book Section 9: Commonly Confused Words
9. Commonly Confused Words
 35

A. Connotation/Denotation: Connotation is referred to an idea which associates to its primary.

meaning and Denotation is an actual definition of the word.
Ex: Connotation: Leslie always gravitated on playing the violin, a instruments which carries connotations
of individuals.
Denotation: The denotation of a violin is an instrument with hollow wooden sides which has four strings
therefore its a bowed stringed instruments.
B. Who/Whom: Who is He and whom is Him.
Ex: Who: Who misplaced Jorges guitar case ? unfortunately, he doesn't recall seeing it in the music
room all day.
Whom: According to whom the last person to see Jorges guitar was Madeline in the School bus but shes
not accurate if corresponded to Jorge.
C. Their/There/They're: Their belongs to a certain individual (his,her) is a possessive pronoun, There is
a certain place (Location) and Theyre is They are.
Ex: Their: Their new drums seems to be arriving on Christmas day therefore its been containing them to
be acting in good behavior for the past 3 weeks.
There: There is an misunderstanding recently they decided upon themselves to change the Musical
performance to the 26th of December
Theyre: Theyre numerous of young girls wanting to get a call back for the Singing in the Rain Musical
therefore, it impacts me to put all my effort and dedication to this audition.
D.Lie/Lay: Lie is to stay in rest in a horizontal position and to lay to set down an object.
Ex: Lie: Mikayla was lying on the floor feeling drained not having any motivation to start her music class
final which is due in two weeks.
Lay: Mikayla walked to music class late and laid all the music notes on her desk little did she know they
were all her brother essay on Industrialization unfortunately, mikayla got a 0 for not misplacing her
supplies.
E. Laid/Lain: Laid is past participle of lay and Lain is the past participle of lie.
Ex: Laid: Chris laid in the football field waiting for opportunity to perform with the orchestra group.
Lain: A old piano had lain in the corner for hundred of years therefore, it looked decayed and rusted.
F. Affect/Effect: Affect is a change of emotion or something and Effect is a change upon something
done or happen.
Affect: They were performing Jingle Bells for the musical but the lead singer at last moment got the flu
which greatly affected the orchestra group concluding to canceling the performance last minute.
Effect: The musical producers were working on trying to create extravagant effects so it can attract the
eye of the auditions and for the newspaper bloggers.
G. Accept/Except: Accept is to receive or take something and Except is to exclude with exception.
Ex: Accept: Beyonce accepted the MTV Music Award for Pop Female Singer which made beyonce feel
accomplish about her new music she's recording in the studio.
Except: The bloggers stated the Aladdin musical in general Marvelous except they aren't fascinated on the
lead male singer acting they felt he was acting dull.
H.C/W/Should have vs. and C/W/Should of : Should have is an obligation (past tense) and Should of
should have
Ex: Should Have: Nicole you should have all you musical gear in your locker, what if unexpectedly one
day we have an orchestra performance but you irresponsibly left it in your house?
 36

Should of: Instead of acting irresponsible, you should of been rehearsing for the next Annual Christmas
Performance. I been informed this year many producer are looking for young individuals to become the
next famous singer.
I. Loath/Loathe:Loath is unwilling and loathe feeling a dislike or disgust
Ex: Loathe: The marching band loathe at the orchestra band which caused high tension between each
members including, it would caused tension in any school performances or activities.
Loath: Jackson felt loath on going to Sunday clarinet classes therefore he deviously lied to his mother
stating her left like he had fever to avoid clarinet classes.
J. Infer/Imply: Infer is concluding information from explicit statements and Imply is a suggestion of the
truth or something stated.
Ex: Infer: The inferior in the musical are the producers therefore they contain all the information on how
the musical gonna look in an audience perspective.
Imply: The music teacher implied that instead of procrastinating on their music final they should start
gathering ideas upon what subject their song is gonna be about.
K. Weary/ Wary: Weary is showing tiredness especially lack of sleep and Wary is showing caution about
possibilities of dangerous issues.
Ex: Weary: Nicole ditched her music class period because she's been feeling weary ever since she
enrolled herself in 4 Ap class which shortly after she regretted on taking.
Wary: Vanessa mother gave her a new flute for her 14th birthday president which shes been wary on not
losing it at school or misplacing it because she knew the sacrifice it took for her mother to purchase her
own instrument.
L. Proceed/Precede: Proceed is a continuation of an action and Precede in came before in time.
Ex: Proceed: Okay nicole proceed to keep playing the clarinet, you sound astonishing continue the
terrific work
Precede: The musical will precede we are currently unfortunately developing technical difficulties, please
stand by and remain in your seats.
M.Discreet/Discrete: Discreet is keeping it down in the low and Discrete is individually separation.
Ex: Discreet :The music teacher was trying to act discreet upon the other teachers because she had an
astonishing idea of having a party for all her wonderful students.
Discrete: The producers were hoping for an discrete audition but the paparazzis and bloggers were trying
to interact with the singers.
N.Conscience/Conscious: Conscience is an inner feeling or voice as a guide to right or wrong path and
Conscious is being aware and responding to ones surrounding.
Ex: Conscience: Her conscience was warning her to come clean and tell her mother that she lost her violin
if she doesn't come clean maybe her sister will confess to her mother which will caused a bigger issue.
Conscious: In being an Artist you have to be conscious with the paparazzi because they be aggressive to
get the perfect picture to post it in a untrue blog.
O. Can/May: Can is being able to and May is expressing a possibility.
Ex: Can: Can you pls return the instrument as how they were founded in the last period because if
anything happens to the instruments our school will cancel the musical program.
May: May any of your parents invest their time to help us clean the music room on Saturday if so, please
give me name and give them a handout on what time to meet outside the school.
P. All together/Altogether: All together is being in one place at once and Altogether is completely.
 37

Ex:All together: The music band was all together waiting in line to perform for the X-Factor which led
them to feel anxious about facing the crowd instead they staged motivated to perform to show the world
how talented each member was.
Altogether: At the end of the night nicole had altogether her music final report which help her realize how
much music has impacted her life and help her develop self confidence.
Q. Along/a long: Along is Moving horizontally and a along is referring to something in large depth.
Ex: Along: In the musical Grease they singing along in a horizontal line on stage which helped the
producers the imperfections they should fix before the show.
A long : A long the performance in March the students had to get ready for the school musical show
which they haven't rehearsed in weeks which made the teacher anxious.
R. Complement/Compliment : Complement is in improve something and Compliment an admiring
comment.
Ex: Nathalia decided to give Lily a compliment her singing skill which made her feel more confident
about herself therefore it helped herself self esteem .
Complement: The violin complements to nathalia because she feels as superior and confident when shes
performing in front of individuals which helps her draw attention with the audience.
Superior S . Flounder /Floundering: Flounder is to move clumsy and floundering is difficult to do
something to fail
Ex: Flounder: Nicole was floundering out of auditions , she couldn't believe that they made her dance and
act for the dancing in the rain auditions.
Floundering: Isabel felt like she was floundering in music class but she just doesn't put time and
dedication to the class, she was expecting to be an easy A but sadly she's receiving a C .
T. Practice/Practise : Practice is to do something repeatedly and gaining a skill and Practise is the use of
idea or method and the work.
Ex: Practice: Ms.Diaz told brandon to practice repeatedly his clarinet and it accomplished to feel superior
and that he can accomplish anything.
Practise: Ms.Lilian Practise was being a music teacher, she pursues her children to accomplish a change
and help students to become confident.

Section 9 quiz :
True or false
1. Along is moving horizontally?
2. All together is being in one place at once?
3. Conscience is an inner feeling or voice?
4. Discrete is keeping it down low.
5. Proceed is a continuation of an action?
6. Weary is showing tiredness?
7. Loath is unwilling?
8. Loathe is feeling a dislike?
9. Except is a change upon something?
10. Laid is past participle of lay ?
 38

uizzes: Answer keys

Q
Section 1 Parts of Speech Answer key:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. Non-infinite
9. Degree,Frequency
10. ly,wards
Section 2 Phrases Answer key:
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. At Last & new album
7. Singing coach
8. Learn to play a new instrument
9. Beyonce fans came to see her perform
10. Will be able to perform for the 100th year musical
Section 3 Clauses Answer Key:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. Who finishes first their song first
7. Who sells the first musical ticket
8. Which will be released spring of 2017
9. Which is miserable
10. Elliptical
Section 4 Sentences Answer Key:
1. True
2. True
3. False
 39

4. True
5. True
6. Parallel Structure
7. Simple
8. Complex and Compound
9. Loose
10. Compound
Section 5 Paragraphs Answer key:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. Summary
7. Hook
8. Paraphrase
9. Body Paragraphs
Section 6 Essays Answer Key :
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. D 7. C
8. A 9. B
10.E
Section 7 Capitalization Answer Key:
1. On Tuesday, Nicole decided to take her little sister to music school.
2. Warner Bros helps promote bands music for instance like Likin Park.
3. Nicole helped create the new music lyrics: Ms.Diaz ended up using the song for the musical
festival.
4. Beyonce known as Queen B is gonna have a tour in 2016 but her concert tickets will be
expensive.
5. The Vienna State of Opera is an opera house which was constructed in the 19th century.
6. Mrr.Marks stated the new Musical School for Deaf in the North side which caused an
disagreement upon ms.lillian because she confirms it's located in the South side.
7. True 8. False
9. True 10. True
Section 8 Punctuation Answer Key:
1. False 5. False 9, Question Mark
2. True 6. True 10 Quotation Marks
3. True 7.True
4. True 8. Exclamation Point
 40

Section 9 Commonly Confused Words Answer key:

1. T
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. T
8. T
9. T
10. T
 41

Glossary
1. Abstract Nouns: Name ideas,quality,emotions,or attitudes.
2. Adverb Clause: Modifies verbs,adverbs and adjectives in a dependent clause therefore start with
subordinating conjunction.
3. Adjectives: Helps illustrate a noun or pronoun by transferring certain information for example
size,age,color,shape,material and origin.
4. Adjective Clause: A dependent clause which is modified by a noun.
5. Adverbs: Used to display when , where , how , in what manner, to what degree, to what extend an
action can be achieve.
6. Apostrophe: A punctuation mark which illustrates possessions (Lilys violin, Nicks music book).
7. Brackets: helps us include information necessary to the main theme.
8. Colon: Help introduce idea, quotations, and explanations.
9. Comma: Allows us separate independent clauses while three or more items are listed.
10. Compound Sentence: To dependent clauses join together to form one sentence.
11. Conjunctive : Connects a clause with another
12. Conjunction: A word which unites two part of sentences.(Fanboys: For, and,nor,but,or,yet,so)
13. Dash: A dash represents a range of numbers,dates, or time.
14. Ellipses: Ellipses can indicate an omission as well stream of thoughts.
15. Exclamation Point: Exclamation points helps express strong emotion after a sentence.
16. Expository: Describes a topic in straightforward and logical manner only stating facts.
17. Gerund: Adding ing
18. Hyphen:Hyphen helps break apart words or join them together.
19. Quotation Marks: Quotation Marks indicate something being cited.
20. Question Mark: A question mark is used at the end of an indirect question.
21. Parenthesis: Parenthesis helps us include additional information,
22. Punctuation:Punctuation helps conclude a sentence.
23. Semicolon:A semicolon allows to separate an independent clause which contribute the same idea.
24. Verb: A word which illustrates an action, and state.
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Work Cited:

http://www.esldesk.com/grammar/pronouns

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http://www.brighthubeducation.com/high-school-english-lessons/29073-how-to-write-a-literary-a
nalysis/

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https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/PlanResearchPaper.html

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/658/01/

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