IAETSD Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences, Volume 4, Issue 1, Jan-June /2017

ISSN (Online): 2394-8442

BEHAVIOUR OF CORRODED ANGLE COMPRESSION

MEMBERS NUMERICAL STUDY
M. Jaya Kumar Bhaskar1, V. Marimuthu2, G. Nithyambigai3
1
Departmentof Structural Engineering SRM University
2
Senior Scientist, CSIR-SERC, Taramani
3
Asst. Professor, Departmentof Structural Engineering SRM University

ABSTRACT.
Corrosion of the members in a steel structure leads to impairment of its operation and progressive weakening. Therefore,
the effect of corrosion on the strength, stability and serviceability of steel structures are of high concern among the structural Engineers at
present. One of the major harmful effects of corrosion is the reduction of metal thickness leading to loss of mechanical strength and structural
failure. Uniform corrosion loss of materialism of the most interest for overall degradation of structural strength, as in structural members.
The prediction of the likely loss of material due to corrosion is still not well developed, despite extensive numerical studies and experimental
test programs. The present paper is concerned only with corrosion loss due to so-called uniform or general corrosion. The main objective
of this paper is to predict and quantify the capacity of corroded steel compression members. The numerical study focuses on development of
a finite element model using ABAQUS software. This paper addresses the strength of angle compression members. The corrosion is
simulated in terms of thickness reduction by gradually increasing the length of the corroded portion of the member. The performance of these
members is assessed in terms of strength, load deflection behavior and failure modes.

Keywords : Corrosion - angle - section - compression member - capacity- analytical study

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. General

In the world today, mild steel is used in different engineering applications for the construction of residential and industrial building. Mild steel is
produced from steel which is extracted from pig iron.It is also less expensive to produce and is readily available. It has outstanding ductility and
toughness, high machinability and weldability which make its applications possible in the engineering fields. The application for which mild
steel was developed generally did not involve corrosion resistance as a primary consideration; corrosion resistance of metals and alloys is a basic
property related to the ease with which these metals react with a given environment. Corrosion processes are usually electrochemical in nature.
Itoccurs in several widely differing forms. It can significantly reduce the cross-sectional area of the steel members and thus leading to higher
stresses in the corroded area. The most common form of the corrosion is uniformcorrosion which is a surface phenomenon. This is the most
common form of the corrosion, which will lead to the gradual thinning of members, accordingly for the greatest destruction of metal. Reduction
of member thickness also results in the reduction of member cross section properties such as area and section modulus thus affecting the
buckling capacity of the members. It is measured by weight loss or decrease in thickness. The rate of attack usually expressed in mils per year
(mpy).

1.2. Literature Overview

Cinitha .A et.al.presents various issues related to corrosion, types of corrosion, chemical reactions and electrochemistry behind corrosion of steel
structural elements, approaches to quantify corrosion and experimental studies on corroded coupons and compression members made of angle
and tubular sections. Based on experimental studies on coupons, it is concluded that corrosion results in reduction in metal thickness followed by
weight loss and reduction in mechanical strength. Viktor Urban et.al.deals with experimental corrosion tests carried out on weathering steel This
paper describes the influence of the position and location of an exposed surface, evaluates the different development on typical surfaces affected
by leaking water and explains the high degree of correlation dependence between measured corrosion loss and average thickness of corrosion
products.Sharon john et.al.presents the numerical modeling of 4 coupons extracted from angle of 50x50x5mm and 7 coupons extracted from
80NB (nominal bore) mild steel sections subjected to different level of corrosion. The stress strain characteristics for both angular and tubular
coupons were obtained from the analyses and verified with the experimental values.This paper concludes with the numerical studies carried out
on stress strain characteristic behavior of corroded coupons extracted from angle and tubular sections.Appuhamy studies ISA 100 x 100 x 6mm
angle sections of length 1m were corroded by galvanostatic method for the unpainted portion. Also the theoretical values of design strength were
calculated as per RankineGordan formula. The theoretical design strength values were then compared with the experimental values.This paper
presents the results of non-linear FEManalyses and compares them with their respective tensile tests of corroded plates which are obtained from
a steel plate girder used for about 100 years with severe corrosion condition.Ruwanproposes a methodof evaluating the residual strength
capacities by numerical approach and compares the non-linearFEM analyses results with their respective tensile coupon tests.

To Cite This Article: M. Jaya Kumar Bhaskar, V. Marimuthu and G. Nithyambigai,. BEHAVIOUR OF CORRODED
ANGLE COMPRESSION MEMBERS NUMERICAL STUDY. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences ; Pages: 89-
92
90. M. Jaya Kumar Bhaskar, V. Marimuthu and G. Nithyambigai,. BEHAVIOUR OF CORRODED ANGLE
COMPRESSION MEMBERS NUMERICAL STUDY. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages:
89-92

2. FINITE ELEMENT MODELING

2.1. Modeling

The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used for solving the engineering problems. The loadings, complicate geometries and material properties
results were obtained numerically through FEA and the results of the properties, which were not obtained through analytically. Meshing plays
important role in discretization technique. Therefore the quality and type of meshing should be known before analyzing the model. As a result,
one can achieve the solution faster. Further, to get the solution in high precision, one can refine the mesh geometry at certain areas by defining
the correct properties.

2.2. Corrosion modeling

The angle specimens modeled is 100x100x8 section. The models are created with a part tree in Abaqus software as shell element. The model tree
was provided with material property with 7.85kg/mm3 density, elastic property of 2x10 5, Poissons ratio of 0.3 andplastic stress and strain. The
section is then assigned to obtain the given property onto the model. Now the assembly of model tree had been done so as to provide uniform
mesh and hence we create datum coordinates and create partition. In the step module the step is given as linear perturbation and the number of
Eigen values required is given as 50. The models were meshed using Part Instance and seeded later. The angle specimens are provided with its
loads, using fixed end condition at the bolted area on one side and pinned to another side and the gusseted surface of the specimen is arrested in
vertical direction as the axial load was given as displacement of -1 in buckling analysis on the third bolt at the one end along the length of the
member. The analyses were resulted with the job done and monitor the obtained results. Angle members are mostly used as bracings in steel
structures where they are subjected to compressive loads. The critical situation occurs when those members get corroded and are subjected to
axial compressive loads. Hence this critical condition is examined.

Fig.1. Boundary condition and loading

Fig.2. Meshing

2.3. Fem Analysis Procedure

2.3.1. Buckling analysis

The buckling analysis is carried to predict the buckling loads and the corresponding buckling shapes. These are used as a parameter in
determining the post buckling strength and have additional application for incorporating the input values of the geometric imperfection using
first buckling modeshape values. The buckling solution can be obtained by Finite Element Method using ABAQUS.

Fig.3. Buckling analysis

91. M. Jaya Kumar Bhaskar, V. Marimuthu and G. Nithyambigai,. BEHAVIOUR OF CORRODED ANGLE
COMPRESSION MEMBERS NUMERICAL STUDY. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages:
89-92

2.3.2. Implementing Imperfection in FEM

After obtaining the results from the buckling analysis, the RPT file is created by which the overall buckling analysis is done by
considering the node coordinates which gives the imperfection values that were imported into the ABAQUS software. Now in the step module,
the step is given as static general and the nonlinear geometry is ON and the load should be applied as displacement along the length of the
member as in the previous procedure. A new job is created and monitored from and the results are extracted.

2.1.3. Post buckling analysis

Post buckling analysis is required for most of the problems to study the load-deflection behavior of CFS members. For this purpose
several methods are available they are Newton-Raphson method, Modified Newton-Raphson method, Incremental methods, and Quasi-Newton
method, etc. The analysis is terminated when calculation was close to the peak load due to convergence problems. The obtained results have
compared with experimental results. For this purpose the results available in experiment is taken for the study.

2.3.4. Results and Discussions

It was observed that failure patterns shifted according to the length of the corroded portion of the angle specimen with twisting and
buckling mode of failure in structural steel. These types of failure pattern were observed because of ductile property in structural steel. The stress
strain characteristics observed were the change in shape of the angle specimen with twisting and buckling mode of failure modes which is
represented in the Figure 5. The finite element analysis proved vital with its discretization ability and to solve boundary value problems with
non-uniform geometries. The results were extracted from the software and the load vs deflection graphs were plotted for the different lengths and
thickness of the corroded portion of the angle members.

Fig.4failure mode

Fig.5 Graph for member of 2m length with corrosion 0.8 times

the original thickness
w/o imper
400 0m
0.3m
200 0.4m
0.5m
Load (KN)

0.6m
0 0.7m
0.8m
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.9m
1m
1.1m
1.2m
Deflection (m)
w/o imper
400 0m
0.3m
300 0.4m
200 0.5m
LOAD (KN)

0.6m
100 0.7m
0.8m
0 0.9m
1.0m
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 1.1m
1.2m
1.3m
1.4m
DEFLECTION (m)
Fig.6 Graph for member of 2m length with corrosion 0.6 times
the original thickness

w/o
400 imper
0m
200
0.3m
LOAD (KN)

0 0.4m
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.5m

0.6m
DEFLECTION (m)
Fig.7 Graph for member of 2m length with 0.5 times the
original thickness
92. M. Jaya Kumar Bhaskar, V. Marimuthu and G. Nithyambigai,. BEHAVIOUR OF CORRODED ANGLE
COMPRESSION MEMBERS NUMERICAL STUDY. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages:
89-92

2.4. Analysis Work Procedure

Corrosion should be applied in terms of thickness reduction.The member is connected to a gusset plate of size 500*250 through bolts on each
side. Keeping the remaining length of the member by deducting the gusseted length on both sides, the corrosion is applied to the
member.Corrosion is applied in such a way that the thickness is reduced for every 100mm in the remaining portion of the member deducing the
gusseted length.

The thickness is reduced as given below

1. 0.8 times the original thickness

2. 0.6 times the original thickness
3. 0.5 times the original thickness

Here, the length of the member is 2000mm. The gusseted length is 460mm (230mm+230mm).
Hence the remaining length is 1540mm.
For every 100mm i.e. 300mm, 400mm, 500mm, 600mm, 700mm, 800mm, 900mm, 1000mm, 1100mm, 1200mm, 1300mm, 1400mm, 1500mm
and 1540mm corrosion is applied and analyzed.

3. Summary and Conclusions

In the current study comprehensive analyses on corroded angle elements are carried out. The joint influence of the corrosion and cross-section
parameters on the behaviour and resistance are investigated.In the numerical study the followingparameters are considered: thickness
reduction,b/t ratio and relative slenderness. In the study corrosion pattern is applied, which is typical corrosion appearance in civil engineering
practice.The results of the analyses are evaluated in terms of the parameters.On the basis of the results the following conclusions can be done

Geometrical non-linear buckling analyses (GNB) are carried out on the corroded elements. The typical buckling modes are determined
(overall buckling). The necessary and sufficient conditions are assessed to determine the buckling behaviour in terms of the corrosion
patterns and the relative slenderness.
Geometrically and material non-linear analyses (GMNI) are carried out using the first buckling mode as initial geometric imperfection. The
ultimate behaviour modes are determined, characterized and classified. It is observed thatoverall buckling occurs after the yield mechanism
is developed. The effect of the magnitude of the initial geometric imperfection on the behaviour mode is analyzed.
Tendencies of the capacity reduction are determined.
If 50% of corrosion is applied, the capacity of the member is reduced by 66.67%.
If 60% of corrosion is applied, the capacity of the member is reduced by 51.61%.
If 80% of corrosion is applied, the capacity of the member is reduced by 29.03%.
Not only the capacity, but stiffness of the member is also reduced by due to corrosion.

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