Implementing the Vision

2nd Space Exploration Conference

Space Exploration Life Support

December 6, 2006

Hamilton Sundstrand Space Land & Sea

Patti O’Donnell
Human Life Support Needs and
Effluents

Oxygen 1.84 lbs Carbon Dioxide 2.20 lbs

Food: Respiration & Perspiration
solids content 1.36 lbs Water 5.02 lbs
water content 2.54 lbs
Urine (water) 3.31 lbs
Food prep water 1.59 lbs Urinal Flush 1.09 lbs

Drink 3.56 lbs Urine solids 0.13 lbs

Sweat solids 0.04 lbs
Hygiene water: Feces solids 0.07 lbs
Hand/Face Wash 9.00 lbs Feces water 0.20 lbs
Shower 6.00 lbs
Urinal Flush 1.09 lbs Hygiene water 15.00 lbs

Total 27 lbs Total 27 lbs

Metabolic Rate = 11,200 Btu/person/day

Crew Needs Increase with Mission
Duration
 Life Support Technology Solutions Vary
with Mission Length
Expendable Regenerable
O22 High Pressure (storage) Cryo water electrolysis

Expendable Regenerable Regenerable concentrators

CO22 Vent Storage or vent CO2 reduction
overboard

Expendable
H22O (storage) Regenerable

CEV

EMU STS Nuclear Lunar

Skylab Sub Outpost ISS

0 8 hr 1 wk 1 mo 3 mo 6 mo
Mission Duration
Closed-Loop Life Support
Technology Readiness
H2 H2
Water
Electrolysis
O2 H2 Methane
Reduction Carbon
Dry
Food CH4
Hydration CO2 CO2
And Prep CO2 CO2
Removal Reduction
Drink
H2O (Humidity) Condensing
Hygiene HX
Ready

Minor
Challenges
Solid Waste
Processing Significant
Urine
Development
Processing
Water
Processing H2O H2O H2O H2O
System Integration and Cross
Platform Commonality
EVA Short-Duration Transit
Pressure Pressure
Power Gen Control Power Gen Control
PMAD PMAD
CO2 & H2O CO2 & H2O
Removal Removal
Thermal Thermal
Control Control

Long-Duration Transit Moon or Mars Base

Pressure Pressure
Power Gen Control Power Gen Control
PMAD PMAD
CO2 & H2O CO2 & H2O
Removal Removal
Thermal Thermal
Control Control
CO2 CO2
Reduction Reduction
O2 O2
Generation Generation
CH4 CH4
H2O Reduction H2O Reduction
Processing Processing
Systems integration reduces
overall system complexity

Shuttle LiOH canister and storage

CO2 and
Moisture
Removal Amine
Swing-bed
Condensing Heat Exchanger

Integrating CO2 and H2O Removal

• Decreases component count
Fan/pump Separator • Decreases radiator size
Next Steps

• Continue Investing in Enabling Technology

• Identify and Develop Parallel Technology Off-
Ramps
• Focus on Integration across Systems and
Platforms
– Concept in Concert to Ensure Minimum Equivalent
System Mass
– Use Multi-Functional/Modular Approaches Wherever
Possible
• Use Ground & Space Based Assets (ISS, Shuttle
& EMU) as Test Beds