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D-A. WALLERf
Deparrment of Pure BrarhemHics, Universi~ College, Snanseu. University of Wales, UK
It is shown by means of a countereua-pie that the union of the spectrum and the regular spectrum of an arbitrary,
simple, fiite graph G (which may, in particular, represent the atom connectivitics in a molecule) does not constitute a com-
plete set of invx&nts which character&s G up to isomorphism. It is further shown that if ail the regular eigenvalues of G
are distinct, eve- non-trivial automorphism of G has order 3-.
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VoIume 59, number 2 CHEMICAL PHYSLCS LETl-ERS 15 November 1978
0 10 o\
3. Some relations between A(G) and A(Gp) for
1011
A(G) = (2) regular graphs
0101-
Let Gi(ki, N) denote a regular graph of degree ki
i 0110 J on N vertices. We then prove the fohowing:
GP is regular of degree 3 and has adjacency matrix 77reorem I.- If G,(k, , N) and G, (kl, N) are isospec-
trai regular-graphs, A(Gf (kl , N)) = A(Gg(k2, N)).
Proofi Assume kl # k2 ; the& by the Perron- ,
Frobenius theorem on non-negative matrices, (e.g. ref.
PO] ),
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Volume 59, number 2 CHEMICAL ?IiYsIcs Y2ExTEFt.s 15 November 1978
and, similarly,
A? 0
4. A counter-example: two isospectral, non-isomorphic,
=I (10
Y? RgulargraPh
--
I 0 - % I
In quite another context 1131, Hoffman and Ray-
Chaudhurihad occasion to citejust such a pair of non-iso-
Similarly, let Pz transform A(G2) to diagonal form;
then morphic, regulargraphs. We exhibit them in fig. 2, as
@P& Gl ami G2 **. Both graphs are of degree four
(k = 4) on twelve ve,-tces (N = 12). Their common spec-
* A referee has pointed out that this same COnClUdon ah fo!-
trum (which, it may be noted in passing, consists en-
IOWS from the fact that the coefticient, 02, ofxNw2 ti the
tirely of inregraleigenvalues- cf. ref. [ 141) is cal-
characteristic polynomial of a given molecalar~ph is
numericaUy equal to the number of bonds (edges) in that culated to be
graph [11,12,31. If two~phs areisospectral, theymust
havethesamecharacteristic
goiynomial,hencethe same02 ** As the refereehaspointedout, despitethewayin which
and thus, by the above observation, the same number of iT&2 has been presented, the graph Gt is actually planar, for
edges; if, in addition, the two graphs in question a~ regular, it can be redrawnwithoutany crossing of edges; it does in
it follows that they must therefore have the same degree, k_ fact represent a cub-octahedron.
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Volume 59, number2 CH~ICAL PHYSICSLETTERS 15 November1978
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Volume 59, numbe: 2 CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS 15 November 1978
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