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OEM Dealer

GEI{ERATOR SET
POWER FACTOR EXPLAINEI)

POWER FACTOR

Power factor is defined as the ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) in an AC
Electrical power system.
Power Factor : kW + kVA (always a number between 0 and 1)

POWER FACTOR & GEI{ERATOR SET KVA

Generator sets are rated in kVA at 0.8 power factor lagging.
This 0.8 power factor is not the load power factor.
It is a nominal power factor used to calculate the kW output of an engine to supply the
power for a particul ar alternator kVA output.

Example:
Alternator output (kVA) : 313kVA
Engine power output (kW) : 3 l3kVA x 0.8 : 250 kW
Engine power output (kVAR) : 313kVA x 0.6 : 188 kVAR

Alternators are therefore designed to supply their rated kVA at 0.8 lagging power factor.
At other power factors the generator set and alternator have certain output limitations as
defined by the Generator Set Capability Curve.

LAGGING LOAD POWER FACTOR & ALTERNATOR KVA

Lagging power factor (0.8: lagging power factor below 0.8 results in the heating
of the rotor winding at l00o/o of alternator kVA output.

LEADING LOAD POWER FACTOR & ALTERI\ATOR KVA

Leading power factor: leading power factor results in alternator stator end iron heating
and the alternator automatic voltage control system becoming unstable.

This document (and the information shown thereon) is PROPRIETARY to Younes Bros and shall not be disclosed to
others in Hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without consent of Younes
Bros Company
Lebanon - Jdeideh - Nahr El Mott - Main Road - Tel: 00961 -1-887886 - 901 4BB - 9O24BB
Fax: 00961-1-901588 Mob: 00961 -3-766400 Email: info@younesbros.com www.younesbros.com
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CERTIFICATE REGISTRATION
Q.0_$
No. 2895t9

OEM Dealer

LAGGING LOAD POWER FACTOR & ENGII{E KW

Lagging power factor >0.8: lagging power factor above 0.8 results in the engine not
having sufficient kW to power the alternator to L00% of its kVA rating.
Lagging power factor <0.8 : lagging power factor below 0.8 results in the engine having
surplus kW to power the alternator in excess of its 10A% kVA rating.

CAPABILITY CURVE INTERPRETATIO1V

When Generator running at unity power factor we should not load alternator to its rated
appatent power KVA because your output power will become I25 %.

Looking at the capability curve shown below the x- axis represent reactive kvar power and
y-axis represent active kw power.

Engine KW limit line is limited by 0.8 power factor, assumingthatthe load power factor
is unity or one, the maximum active power that will be supplied to the load will be the
maximum allowed engine KW limit line shown in capability curve which is actually is the
apparent power in KVA since the power factor is unity.

Applying this concept on QSL9-G3 313 kva standby power.

Maximum kw power allowed is: 313kva x 0.8 : 250 kw.

At unity power factor load (1) 250 kw will be the same as apparent power.

Signature

Y.FARES
Author's Name Youssef Fares, B.Sc. Eng, (electrical), M.Sc. Eng, (power generation and control)
Author's Title Senior Technical Engineer
Authors Depart Technical Engineering
Email Yous sef. fares @yo unesbros. com

Y,#UNES
B R4piS s.A.R.r.

This document (and the information shown thereon) is PROPRIETARY to Younes Bros and shall not be disclosed to
others in Hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without consent of Younes
Bros Company
Lebanon - Jdeideh - Nahr El Mott - Main Road - Tel: 00961-1-88Z886 - 901488 - IO24BB
Fax: 00961-1-9o15BB Mob: 00961 -3-766400 Email: info@younesbros.com www.younesbros.com
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