An Anglicism may refer to

a word or construction peculiar to the English language

a word or construction borrowed from English into another language

English syntax, grammar, or meaning transposed in another language resulting in

incorrect language use or incorrect translation.

a word or phrase that is peculiar to the English language spoken in England.

With the rise in Anglophone media and global spread of British and American cultures in the 20th
and 21st centuries, many English terms have entered popular usage in other tongues.
Technology-related English words like internet and computer are particularly common across the
globe, as there are no pre-existing words for them. English words are sometimes imported
verbatim, and sometimes adapted to the importing language in a process similar to anglicisation.
In languages with non-Latin alphabets, these borrowed words can be written in the Latin alphabet
anyway, resulting in a text made up of a mixture of scripts; other times they are transliterated.
Transliteration of English and other foreign words into Japanese generally uses
the katakana script.
In some countries such anglicisation is seen as relatively benign, and the use of English words
may even take on a chic aspect. In Japan, marketing products for the domestic market often
involves using English or pseudo-English brand names and slogans. In other countries,
anglicisation is seen much more negatively, and there are efforts by public-interest groups and
governments to reverse the trend; for example, the Acadmie franaise in France insists on the
use of French neologisms to describe technological inventions in place of imported English terms.

Anglicisms in Chinese[edit]
These are English terms, expressions, or concepts that have been absorbed into the Chinese
language, including any of its varieties, and should not be confused with Chinglish, the variety of
the English language used by native Chinese speakers.
The origins of Chinese anglicisms vary, one of the most common being those obtained
by phonetic borrowing. For example, a "bus" (traditional Chinese: ; simplified
Chinese: ; literally: "public vehicle", in Mainland China or Taiwan) is usually called "
"; (baa1 si6-2) in Hong Kong and Macao because its Cantonese pronunciation is similar to its
English counterpart. Another type of anglicism is syntactic anglicism, when a sentence is
rendered following the English word order instead of the standard Chinese word order; for
example, the word for "network" is ; () or ; (), where ; () can be translated
as "net".

Anglicisms in French[edit]
See also: Franglais
A distinction is made between well-established English borrowings into French, and other words
and structures regarded as incorrect. The term anglicisme is often pejorative, carries a large
amount of political weight, and frequently denotes an excessive use of English in the French
language.
There are many words in French of English origin whose English roots are unknown or
unrecognized due to lack of salience or length of time since borrowing (ex: gouvernement), as
well as other words which are seen as English but that are well accepted as part of French
(ex: parking, week-end). Other examples include clown (pronounced "kloon"), square (meaning
"public square") or spleen (meaning "melancholy" rather than the organ). These are not
considered Anglicisms but are fully accepted as French words by the Acadmie franaise.
Occasionally governments and linguistic institutions of both Quebec and France have undertaken
strenuous efforts to eradicate Anglicisms, often by suggesting French replacements with French
phonology and morphology. Although efforts in Quebec have been met with some success
(ex: fin de semaine for week-end), attempts by the Acadmie franaise have largely been
unsuccessful.[1] Sociolinguists have attributed these failures to the general inability of linguistic
institutions to enforce a linguistic norm.[2]The Acadmie franaise regularly updates a list of
prescribed linguistic norms, many of which include using suggested French replacements instead
of anglicisms (ex: mot-dise for hashtag).[3]
Replacements have taken many different forms. For example, in Quebec
the portmanteau word clavardage is increasingly gaining acceptance. This neologism is a word
coined from the words clavier ("keyboard") and bavardage ("chat"); an English equivalent
portmanteau might be "keyversation." Other replacements have various forms created by the
academy and Quebecois linguistic institutions.
Quebec French and European French tend to have entirely different Anglicisms for historical
reasons. Quebec French acquired its Anglicisms in a gradual process of linguistic borrowing
resulting from linguistic contact with English speakers for two and a half centuries since the Battle
of the Plains of Abraham of 1759. European French, on the other hand, mostly adopted its
Anglicisms in recent decades due to the post-Second World War international dominance of
English, or the rise of English as a lingua franca. Due to the differences between in English
borrowings in Canada and France, the people of Quebec and France often consider each other's
anglicisms to be incorrect or humorous while considering their own to be perfectly normal.
An example of a European French Anglicism not used in Quebec:

sweat: short for sweatshirt, but pronounced like the English word "sweet"
An example of a Quebec French Anglicism not used in France;

frencher: to French kiss

Furthermore, the social meaning and acceptance of anglicisms differs from country to country
due to the differences in the historical relationship to French. In Quebec, anglicisms are never
used in formal documentation (government papers, instruction sheets) and very rarely used in
informal writing (magazines, journals). In 1993, the French passed the legislation
Loi Toubon which forbids the use of anglicisms (or those from other languages) in common
publications. In both countries, wherever the use of an Anglicism is unavoidable, it is often written
in italics or in quotations.
There are a number of different varieties of anglicisms which are largely differentiated on the way
in which they entered the language. One type of anglicism is a calque, or a direct translation from
English. For example, the valediction Sincrement vtre is regarded as an anglicism since it is a
direct translation of the English "Sincerely yours." Other anglicisms include the wholesale
adoption of the English term such as "business" or "start-up". Additionally, some English words in
French may not have the same meaning as those words in English. One example is the word
"golf" which has an increased semantic field, referring to not just the game of golf but also a golf
course as in "on va aller au golf" (trans: we're going to the golf course).
It must be noted that anglicism is a political term and does not necessarily indicate the etymology
or history of the word itself. Rather, it indicates the common attitudes and perceptions about the
(theoretically English) history of the word. For example, because English itself borrowed a great
amount of French vocabulary after the Norman Conquest, some anglicisms are actually Old
French words that dropped from usage in French over the centuries but were preserved in
English and have now come full circle back into French. For instance, one attested origin of the
verb "to flirt" cites influence from the Old French expression conter fleurette, which means "to (try
to) seduce". (Other possible origins for the word include flit, E. Frisian flirt (a flick or light stroke)
and E. Frisian flirtje (a giddy girl)). This expression is no longer used in French, but the
English Gallicism "to flirt" has now returned to French and is considered an anglicism, despite its
likely French origins.
Anglicisms in German[edit]
Main article: Denglisch
Denglisch (German spelling) or Denglish (English spelling) is a portmanteau
of Deutsch and Englisch (the German words for the German and English languages). The term is
used in all German-speaking countries to refer to the increasingly strong influx of English or
pseudo-English vocabulary into German. Denglish is also used to refer to incorrect English that is
influenced by German. To some extent, the influence of English on German can be from normal
language contact. The term Denglisch is however mostly reserved for forced, excessive exercises
in anglicization, or pseudo-anglicization, of the German language.

Anglicisms in Latvian[edit]
First anglicisisms in the written sources of Latvian appear at the end of the 18th century, however
up until the middle 1970s they were barely researched as their number remained low and mostly
in the fields of sports and engineering. The directs contacts between Latvian and English at that
time were very limited, so most of the anglicisms entered Latvian throught German or Russian.
[4]
Since Latvia regained its independence the influx of anglicisms into Latvian has been ever
increasing.

Anglicisms in Polish[edit]
See also: Poglish
Sporadic linguistic contacts between Polish and English-speaking areas have been noted at least
since the 15th century. However, most early Anglicisms in Polish were mostly limited to names for
places in Great Britain and the Americas.[5] The first proper Anglicisms were also related to
geography and were recorded in an 18th-century work "Geografia, czyli opisanie naturalne,
historyczne i praktyczne krajw we czterech czciach si zawierajce" by Franciszek
Siarczyski. By the end of that century there were at least 21 lexemes of English provenance in
Polish usage. The 1859 dictionary of foreign words by Micha Amszejewicz contains roughly 100
Anglicisms, the so-called Vilnian dictionary of 1861 contains roughly 180 of such words. [6] The
Anglicisms recorded in the 19th century were in large part words related to social, political, legal
and economic concepts used in English society and lacking corresponding institutions in
contemporary Poland. Another group were naval, sports-related and technical terms. [5]
Typically new words were initially being written in their original form, especially when they were
used to describe English or American contexts. Such was the case of the word budget, first
recorded as such in 1792 in relation to English economy, but soon also used in Polish context.
[7]
With time the word was assimilated and remains in modern Polish dictionaries, written
as budet. Early 19th century Dictionary of the Polish Language by Samuel Linde includes the
following Anglicisms: foksal (after London's suburb of Vauxhall; meaning an evening garden party
in contemporary Polish), galon, klub, kwakier, piknik, poncz, rum and porter.[7]
The assimilation of new English words into Polish sped up in the 20th century and gradually
English replaced Czech, German, French, Italian and other languages as the primary source of
new imports into the Polish language.[8] At the turn of the century there were roughly 250 English
words in use, by 1961 the number of English lexemes in Polish rose to over 700, breaking 1000
lexemes in the 1980s and at least 1600 in 1994.[8]
Borrowings from English language used in modern Polish fall into a number of thematic
categories:

Science and technology: flesz, kompakt, komputer, kontener, stres, trend, walkman (used
as a generic word for personal stereo rather than a trademark);
 Sports and healthcare: aerobic, lifting, jogging,
peeling, aut, badminton, bekhend, bobslej, debel, derby, doping, jockey, forhend, hokej, lider,
mecz, net, outsider, ring, rugby, set, tenis, walkover;

Computers: driver, joystick, mysz (a semantic blueprint), serwer, skaner, spam;

Economy: budet, biznes, biznesmen, broker, dyskont, holding, leasing, joint

venture, menader, marketing, sponsor, supermarket;

Fashion: dersey, dins, lycra, topless;

Politics: lobby, establishment

Daily life: baby-sitter, happy end, logo, marker, market, notebook, puzzle, ranking, snack
bar, scrabble, show, teflon, weekend;

Maritime terms: kil, maszt, slup, spinaker, szekla, szkuner;

Food: cheeseburger, chipsy, dressing, fast food, grill, hamburger, hot dog, lunch,
popcorn, tost
Take note, that some of the borrowed words already have Polish equivalents and therefore are
not recognized by all language users:
menader (manager) instead of kierownik
quad (quad bike) instead of czterokoowiec
monitoring (CCTV) instead of nadzr, dozr
W czym mog pomc (English: How can I help you) instead of Czym mog suy (English: How
can I serve you).
In addition to lexical borrowings, there is also a number of calques in everyday use.

Anglicisms in Italian[edit]
Under Benito Mussolini, efforts were made to purify Italian of Anglicisms and other foreign words.
Today, Italian is one of the most receptive languages for anglicisms.[9]

Anglicisms in Spanish[edit]
The Hispanisation of English words is fairly common in the United States and even in Latin
America. In Spain, the adoption of English words is extremely common in the spheres of business
and information technology, although it is usually frowned upon by purists.

Anglicisms in Ukrainian[edit]
There are a lot of Anglicisms in Ukrainian language which are from many sides of human life.
: (blooming), (bulldozer), (buffer), (grader),
(dispatcher), (display), (escalator), (cowper stove),
(combine), ' (computer), (conveyor), (cracking),
(printer), (radar), (slabbing), (safe), (teletype), (tender),
(tractor), (tramway), (tunnel), (file), (film),
(honing).
, : (Browning), (bunker),
(waterline), (sniper), (tank), (tanker), (trawler), (squall),
(shrapnel), (schooner), (yacht).
 (politics), (economy), : (banknote), (business),
(bluff), (blockade), (boycott), (boss), (budget),
(gangster), (dumping), (dollar), ' (interview), (leader),
(lockout), (marketing), (manager), (management),
(meeting), (racket), (trust), (check).
(sport): (out), (box), (boxer), (waterpolo),
(volleyball), (goal), (goalkeeper), (match), (jockey), (knockout),
(round), (record), (sparring), (sport), (sportsman),
(start), (tennis), (track), (trainer), (finish), (forward),
(football), (hockey).
, : (velvet), (jumper), (pyjama), (plaid),
(plush), (smoking jacket/tuxedo).
, : (beef steak), (cakes), (pudding), (punch), (rum),
(roast beef), (sandwich).
(culture): (humor), (jazz), (clown), (club), (comfort),
(pamphlet), (square), (tent), (foxtrot), (folklore),
(hall).

Anglicisms in Finnish[edit]
See also: American Finglish
The Anglicisms can be divided to four types: direct phonetic imitation, lexical and
grammatical calques, and contamination of orthography. Official language (as given by
the Language Planning Office) deprecates Anglicisms, and for the most part, native constructions
are sufficient even in spoken language. Nevertheless, some Anglicisms creep in.
Computer jargon is generally full of direct imitation, e.g. svappi "swap". Other jargons with
abundant Anglicisms are pop music, scifi, gaming, fashion, automobile and to some extent
scientific jargon. This is regarded a sign of overspecialization, if used outside the context of the
jargon. Generally, direct imitation is not as common, but there are examples. For example, the
word sexy [seksy], pronounced with an Y unlike in English [seksi], might be used as an adjective.
This is teenager-specific.
Lexical calques take an English expression, like killer application, and produce tappajasovellus,
which does mean "an application that kills" just as in English. You will need to know the
equivalent English term to understand this.
Some speakers, especially those in frequent contact with the English language have created a
grammatical calque of the English you-impersonal. The English impersonal utilizes the second
person pronoun you, e.g. You can't live if you don't eat. Here, the word you does not refer
explicitly to the listener, but signifies a general statement. The same example is rendered in
Finnish as Symtt ei el, where a separate grammatical impersonal (also known as passiivi) is
used. When translated word-by-word, S et el jos s et sy, it will refer directly to the listener.
Here the contraction s of spoken language is used instead of the sin of spoken language.
Then, you will need to understand that it is an Anglicism, or you can be offended by the
commanding "You there!" tone produced. (There are also native examples of the same
construction, so the origin of this piece of grammar may not always be English.)
An English orthographical convention is that compound words are written separately, whereas in
Finnish, compound words are written together, using a hyphen with acronyms and numbers. In
Finnish, prosessitekniikka and Intel 80286 -prosessori would be correct, but process
engineering or Intel 80286 processor would not. Failure to join the words or omitting the hyphen
can be either an honest mistake, or contamination from English.
Another orthographical convention is that English words tend to be written as the originals. For
example, the computer jargon term from to chat is written as chattailla (chat + frequentative),
even if it is pronounced sttill. The forms chattill or chttill are used, too. Sometimes, it is
even standard language, e.g. sherry [erry], instead of according to English
pronunciation eri [eri].

Other definitions[edit]
In the context of Interlingua, an Anglicism is a uniquely English expression used when speaking
or writing Interlingua. Many English expressions have penetrated into a wide variety of
languages, making them good Interlingua expressions. Novice speakers sometimes assume that
an English expression is correct Interlingua when in fact it is not sufficiently international. For
example, a novice may use Lassa nos considerar le optiones to mean 'Let's consider the options',
as in English. In Interlingua, however, this expression means 'Permit us to consider the options'. A
more international expression is Que nos considera le optiones, literally 'That we consider the
options'