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MODEL QUESTION PAPER - 2006

Paper 4 Energy performance Assessment for Equipment and Utility Systems

Duration : 2 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Section-1: Short Questions Marks: 10x1 = 10

(i) Answer all Ten questions


(ii) Each question carries One mark

S-1 What is the effect of wet steam on process heating?


The total heat available for heating is reduced and hence the heating time increases.

S-2 Which is the predominant parameter which decides blow down quantity in a boiler?
The total dissolved solids(TDS) of boiler water dictates the extent of blowdown
required.

S-3 Which are the losses that can be controlled in case of furnace operations?
The heat losses due to openings,skin,and the sensible heat loss in flue gases.

S-4 The pipeline carrying steam had a plaster finish(Emmisivity E=0.85).This was
replaced by aluminium cladding finish(Emissivity E=0.2).The heat loss from the surface;
i) Increases ii)Decreases iii)Remains same.
Decreases.

S-5 What is a Mollier diagram?


The mollier diagram is a chart with Enthalpy(H) and Entropy(S)and used in
estimation of heat extraction in turbines.

S-6 How do you identify the fouling in a heat exchanger?


Increase in pressure drop and reduction of heat flux.

S-7 A 4 pole motor is operating at a frequency of 50Hz.What is the motor RPM?


RPM=(50*120)/4 =1500.

S-8 What are the limitations of the simple pay back period?
The payback method does not consider savings that are accrued after the payback
period has finished.The metod also does not consider the time value of money.

S-9 What are the limitations of Motor Rewinding?


The efficiency of motor comes down after rewinding.The no-load current increases.

S-10 Under what situations are solar PV systems economical?


In hilly and far flung areas where the conventional grid power supply system are
difficult to reach solar PV systems are found to be economical.

Section II Long Questions Marks: 2x5 =10.

i) Answer all questions.


ii) Each question carries Five marks.

L-1 What possible improvements would you look for in a general lighting system?

Look for natural lighting opportunities through windows and other openings.

Explore the scope of introducing translucent sheets.

Assess scope for more energy efficient lamps and luminaries.

Assess scope for rearrangement of lighting fixtures.

L-2 List the various sources of heat that need to be considered for a room to be air-
conditioned?

Heat ingress from roof.

Heat ingress from walls.

Heat load due to lamps.

Heat load due to people working.

Heat load due to machinery.

Section III: Numerical Questions Marks: 4x20 = 80

i) Answer all Four questions.


ii) Each question carries Twenty marks.

N-1. A process plant has a back pressure turbine for power generation.The electrical power
output from turbine is 0.5MW.The process data are as under:

The plant heat rate is 35,000 K.Cal/Kwh.

Enthalpy of steam at inlet of turbine is 700 K.Cal/Kg.

Enthalpy of feed water is 50K.Cal/Kg.

Enthalpy of steam at outlet of turbine is 650 K.Cal/Kwh.

Evaporation ratio of Boiler is 3.7 Kgs of steam/Kg of coal.

Calculate the following:


a) Flow rate of steam to turbine.
b) Power generation efficiency of turbo-alternator.
c) Overall plant fuel rate including boiler.

a) Overall plant heat rate


= Steam flow rate x (Enthalpy of steam Enthalpy of feed water)/Power Output
Substituting values 35,000=Flow rate of steam x(700-50)/1000.
Flow rate of steam = 35000*500/650 =26,923 Kgs/hr.

b) Power generation efficiency of turbo-alternator :


Heat energy input into turbine per Kg of inlet steam =700-650 =50 K.Cal/Kg.
Energy Input into turbine =26923*50 =1346150 K.Cal/hr.
Power generation from turbine =500KW.
Equivalent thermal energy output = 500*860 =430000 K.Cal/hr.
Power Generation efficiency = 430000/1346150 = 31.94%

c) Evaporation ratio of boiler =3.7 Kg of steam/Kg of coal.


Flow rate of steam from boiler = 26923 kgs/hr.
Hence fuel flow rate to boiler = 26923/3.7 =7276 Kgs of coal/hr.
Overall plant fuel rate including boiler = 7276/500 =14.55 Kgs of coal/Kw

N-2 The following parameters were observed during the testing of a cooling water pump:

Discharge pressure of pump : 4.0 Kg/cm2

Flow rate of water : 600 m3/hr.

Suction head : 1 metre below the pump centerline.

Height of cooling tower : 5 metre

Motor efficiency : 88%.

Density of water : 1000 Kg/m3

Current drawn by pump motor : 140 amps.

Voltage measured : 415volts.

Power factor measured : 0.9
Calculate the following:
a) Hydraulic power.
b) Pump Efficiency.

a) Hydraulic power = (600/3600)*(40-1)*1000*9.81/1000


= 63.76 KW.

b) Pump Efficiency :
Input Power to motor =1.732*0.415*140*0.9 =90.6KW
Pump shaft power = 90.6*0.88 = 79.73 KW.
Pump efficiency = (63.76/79.73)*100 = 79.97%

N-3 Field tests were carried out on a chilling system to find out the energy performance
ratios.The measurements data are as under:
* Temperature of the refrigerant entering the evaporator : (-1) 0C.
* Temperature of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator : (-5) 0C.
* Flow rate of the refrigerant : 20000Kgs/hr.
* Specific heat of the refrigerant : 2.4Kcal/Kg0C.
* Current input into compressor : 125A
* Voltage input measured : 415 V
* Power factor : 0.9
Find out the following :
a) Net refrigeration capacity.
b) Kw/ton rating.
c) Coeffient of performance (COP).
d) Energy Efficiency ratio.(EER).

a) Net refrigeration capacity = 20000*2.4*(-1 (-5))/3024


= 63.49 TR.
b) Power input to compressor = 1.732*0.415*125*0.9 =80.86KW.
Kw/Ton rating = 80.86/63.49 = 1.27

c) COP =3.516/1.27 =2.77.


d) EER = 12/1.27 = 9.45

N-4 (i) What is the total weight of flue gas generated when 20Kg of butane(C4H10) is burned .
The % O2 measured in the flue gas is 3.0.
i) The flue gas is cooled from 500oC to 200 oC for generating steam. The total heat
required per Kg of steam generation is 500 K.Cal/Kg. Find out the quantity of
steam generated. Additional information as under:
Atomic Weights C=12, H=1, O=16;
Specific heat of flue gas =0.24 K.cal/Kg/ oC
Assume air is 77% Nitrogen (N2) & 23% Oxygen (O2)

2C4H10 +13O2 =8CO2 +10H2O


2(48+10) +13(32)=8(12+32)+10(2+16)
116Kg butane requires 416 Kg of Oxygen
20 Kg of butane requires 71.72 Kg of O2.
Air requirement is (100/23)*71.72
: 311.8Kg.
% O2 measured in the flue gas is 3.0%.
% Excess air : 3/(21-3) =16.67%.
Hence excess air quantity : (16.67/100)*311.8
: 51.98Kg.
Total flue gas quantity :311.8+51.98+20
: 383.78Kg.
Quantity of steam generated : 383.78*0.24*(500-200)/500
: 55.3 Kg of steam

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