Practical check-list

The Cardiovascular System

Contents in brief:
1. Macroscopic anatomy
a. Mediastinum and its contents
b. Heart
i. Orientation and superficial anatomy of the heart
ii. Internal anatomy and organization
c. Arteries
d. Veins
2. Microscopic anatomy

Organ/part of organ Notes

Mediastinum
Mediastinum superior (1)
V. brachiocephalica (sin/dex)
V. cava superior
Arcus v. azygos
Arcus aorta and its branches:
A. brachiochephalica
A. carotis communis sinistra
A. subclavia sinistra
N. vagus
N. phrenicus (sin/dex)
Trachea
Esophagus
N. recurrent laryngeal sinistra
Ductus thoracicus

Mediastinum inferior
Mediastinum anterior (2):
Adult: fat
Mediastinum media (3):
Pericardium
cor
Mediastinum posterior (4):
esophagus
N. vagus
trachea, bifurcation trachea
aorta thoracica
A. pulmonalis (sin/dex)
V. pulmonalis
V. azygos
V. hemiazygos
Ductus thoracicus
N. sphlanchnicus
Heart
A. Orientation and superficial anatomy
basis cordis
apex cordis
1
Incisura apicis cordis: a shallow groove
- incisura apicis cordis 1 at the right of the apex, the place
margo acutus
sulcus longitudinalis anterior and
margo obtusus
facies sternocostalis posterior meets.
facies diaphragmatica
sulcus interventricularis/sulcus 2
papillary muscles located within the
longitudinalis anterior and posterior
sulcus coronarius ventricles; attach to the cusps of the
ventriculus dex/sin atrioventricular valves via chordae
- septum interventriculare
tendineae and act to kee the valve
- trabeculae carneae
septum atrioventriculare 2 cusps from prolapsing under systolic
- musculi papillaries
blood pressure
- chordae tendineae
atrium dex/sin
- auricular dex/sin

The pericardial sinuses (see picture):

sinus transverses pericardii
sinus obliquus pericardii

B. Internal anatomy and organization

Atrium dextra
auricula dextra
crista terminalis
sulcus terminalis 3
musculi pectinati 4
fossa ovalis
limbus fossa ovalis (Vieussenii)
valvula sinus coronaria
sinus venarum (cavarum)
valvula vena cava inferior (Eustachii)
Ventriculus dextra 3
groove on the external surface of the
valvula atrioventricularis dextra / atrium dextra; marking the location of
valvula tricuspidalis5
the crista terminalis (SA node is located
- cuspis anterior
- cuspis posterior at the superior end of the crista
- cuspis septalis terminalis)
conus arteriosus (infundibulum)
valvula truncus pulmonalis 6
- valvula semilunaris anterior 4
prominent ridges of myocardium on
- valvula semilunaris dextra
- valvula semilunaris sinistra the inner surface of atrium; m.pectinati
nodule valvula semilunaris are very pronounced in the atrium
musculus papillaris anterior
dextra and in both auricles (sin/dex)
musculus papillaris posterior
trabeculae carneae
Atrium sinistra
5
the valve between atrium dextra and
 auricular sinistra ventricle dextra
musculi pectinati
Ventriculus sinistra 6
valve with three pocket-shaped cusps
valvula atrioventricularis sinistra / in the base of the truncus pulmonaris
valvula mitralis and aorta ascendens; a dense nodule is
- cuspis anterior
- cuspis posterior located at the midpoint of the free
m. papillaris anterior margin of each valve cusp.
m. papillaris posterior
trabeculae carneae
valvula aortae
- valvula semilunaris dextra
- valvula semilunaris posterior
- valvula semilunaris sinistra
nodule valvula semilunaris
Arteries
truncus pulmonaris
A. pulmonalis dextra
A. pulmonalis sinistra
- Ligamentum arteriosum (Botalii)

Aorta pars ascendens

A. coronaria dextra
A. coronaria sinistra

Arcus aortae
Truncus brachiocephalica
- A. carotis communis dextra
- A. subclavia dextra 7
A. carotis communis sinistra
- A. carotis externa
1. A. thyroidea superior 7
A. subclavia continue to the artery
2. A. pharyngea ascendens
superior extremity as A. axillaris and its
3. A. lingualis
4. A. facialis (A. maxillaries branches.
externa)
5. A. occipitalis
6. A. auricularis posterior
7. A. temporalis superficialis
8. A. maxillaries interna
- A. carotis interna
A. subclavia sinistra 7
- A. vertebralis
- Truncus thyrocervicalis
1. A. thyroidea inferior
2. A. suprascapularis / A.
transversa scapulae
- A. thoracica interna / A.
 mammaria interna
- Truncus costocervicalis
1. A. cervicalis profunda
2. A. intercostalis suprema
- A. transversa colli

Aorta pars descendens

Aorta pars thoracica
A. intercostalis
A. subcostalis
Aorta pars abdominalis
Posterior branches
Visceral branches
Unpaired:
Truncus coeliacus
- A. gastrica sinistra
- A. hepatica communis
1. A. gastrica dextra
2. A. hepatica propria
3. A. gastroduodenalis
- A. lienalis
A. mesenterica superior
A. mesenterica inferior
Paired:
A. suprarenalis media
A. renalis
Male: A. testicularis
Female: A. ovarica

Terminal branches (sinistra/dextra):

A. iliaca communis
- A. iliaca interna
- A. iliaca externa

Arteri iliaca interna

Truncus posterior
- A. iliolumbalis
- A. sacrales lateralis
- A. glutea superior
Truncus anterior
- A. umbilicalis
- A. vesicalis inferior
- A. obturatoria
- A. pudenda interna
Male: A. dorsalis penis
- A. glutea inferior
- Female: A. uterine
Ramus ovaricus
Ramus tubarius
Arteri iliaca externa 8 8
A. iliaca externa continue to the artery

A. epigastrica inferior inferior extremity as A. femoralis and

A. circumflexa ilium profunda its branches.
Veins
V. cordis parva
V. cordis magna
V. cordis media
V. posterior ventriculi sinistri
V. pulmonalis

Vena cava superior

V. brachiocephalica (sin/dex)
- V. jugularis interna
- V. jugularis externa
V. azygos
- Arcus vena azygos
- V. intercostalis dextra
- V. hemiazygos
V. hemiazygos accesoria
o V. intercostalis
sinistra
V. subcostalis

Vena cava inferior