welds for further butt welding, and unwelded plate sur-

faces can be used for beading.

Qualifying Test
At this point you should be able to pass Test 1 in the ver-
tical position. (See Chapter 15, p. 455.) This is to AWS
recommendations. It will also be desirable for you to pass
Test 3 (fillet weld) in the vertical position.

Job 14-J39 Welding a Square

Butt Joint
Objective
To weld a square butt joint in the vertical position by
means of multipass groove welds, stringer and weave
bead techniques, travel up, with DCEP and/or a.c.
shielded metal arc electrodes (AWS E6010E6011 cel-
lulose electrodes).

General Job Information

The purpose of this job is to develop the ability of de-
Fig. 14-49 Typical appearance of a multipass groove weld in a positing the first pass in the root of an open butt joint.
single V-groove weld on a butt joint with a backing bar, welded in This job should be practiced with great care. It is the same
the vertical position, travel up, with DCEP or a.c. shielded metal arc procedure for making the first pass in a butt weld in pipe.
cellulose coated electrodes. This type of joint is assigned since it lends itself readily to
practice and it can be prepared quickly and economically.
Edges of weld: Good fusion, no overlap, no undercut
Starts and stops: The weld should be free of depressions Welding Technique
and high spots
Beginnings and endings: Full size, craters filled First Pass The current setting must not be too high, and
Penetration and fusion: To the backing bar, preceding yet the arc must be hot enough to penetrate the back side
passes, and plate surface of the plate thoroughly and to melt away the root faces
Surrounding plate surfaces: Free of spatter of the plates. Tilt the electrode a 10 travel angle down
Slag formation: Full coverage, easily removable from the horizontal position, Fig.14-50A, and hold it at a
90 work angle to the surface of the plates, Fig.14-50B.
Stringer bead technique may be used. Be sure to maintain
the small hole (keyhole) at the leading edge of the weld
JO B TI P
Groove Welds
Electrode
Customers Joint
You and the supervisor share a mutual Direction 10
interest. Ask questions; listen for factual information. of Travel Slight 90
What bothers the supervisor most? Accept responsibility Up-down or weave
and convey the complaint to the proper person in your oscillating second
motion pass.
company. Let the supervisor know what you can and will Plate
first pass.
do (not what you cant do). Being positive will help keep Electrode
you from taking it personally. Hold close arc.
Side View (Push Travel Angle) Top View (Work Angle)
A B
Disposal
Put completed joints in the scrap bin so that they will be Fig. 14-50 Electrode position when welding a square groove
available for further use. The plate can be beveled between butt joint in the vertical (3G) position, travel up.

416Chapter 14 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 14-J26J42 (Plate)

pool. A small bead should be formed on the back side of
the weld, Fig.14-51.
Second Pass Current adjustment and electrode position
are the same as for first pass. Do not weave beads that
are too wide. Adjust the speed of travel to avoid excessive
convexity and undercut.
Practice starts and stops, especially on the first pass.

Operations
1. Obtain plates; check the job drawing, Fig.14-52, for
quantity and size.
2. Obtain electrodes of each quantity, type, and size
specified in the job drawing.
3. Set the power source for 90 to 120 amperes. Set a
d.c. power source for electrode positive.
4. Set up the plates and tack weld as shown on the job
drawing.
5. Stand the plates in the vertical position on the weld-
ing table. Make sure that they are connected to the Fig. 14-51 Penetration and fusion through the root side of a
work connection. square butt joint welded in the vertical position, travel up.

Fig. 14-52 Job drawing J39.

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 14-J26J42 (Plate) Chapter 14417
 Disposal
Put completed joints in the scrap bin so that they will be
available for further use. Joints can be cut between the
welds for further butt welding, and unwelded plate sur-
faces can be used for beading.

Job 14-J40 Welding an Outside

Corner Joint
Objective
To weld an outside corner joint in the vertical position by
means of multipass groove welds, weave bead technique,
travel up, with DCEP and/or a.c. shielded metal arc elec-
trodes (AWS E6010E6011 cellulose electrodes).

General Job Information

The outside corner joint is included in this text chiefly
because of its all-around utility. It offers practice in de-
Fig. 14-53 Typical appearance of a multipass single square groove positing root passes and in multipass weave technique,
weld in a butt joint welded in the vertical position, travel up, with DCEP
or a.c. shielded metal arc cellular coated electrodes.
and it requires little edge preparation since it has a square
plate edge.
6. Make the first pass as shown on the job drawing.
Welding Technique
Manipulate the electrode as instructed in Fig.14-50,
page 416. First Pass The current adjustment must not be too high. Tilt
7. Chip the slag from the weld, brush, and inspect. the electrode no more than 10 travel angle down from the
Refer to Inspection. horizontal position, Fig.14-54A, and hold it at a 90 work
8. Make the second pass as shown on the job drawing. angle to the intersection of the plates, Fig.14-54B. Use the
9. Chip the slag from the weld, brush, and inspect. standard root pass technique.
Refer to Inspection.
10. Practice these welds until you can produce good
welds consistently with both types of electrodes. Fig. 14-54 Electrode posi-
tion when welding a single
10
V-groove in a corner joint in the
Inspection Direction
vertical (3G) position, travel up.
of Travel
Compare the back side of the first bead with Fig.14-51, Up-down or
oscillating
page 417 and both passes with Fig. 14-53. Check each motion
pass for the following weld characteristics: Joint first pass.
Welds
Width and height: Uniform
Side View (Travel Angle)
Appearance: Smooth with close ripples; free of voids and
high spots. Restarts should be difficult to locate. A

Size: Refer to the job drawing, Fig.14-52, page 417. Groove Welds
Check the last pass with a butt weld gauge.
Face of weld: Very slight reinforcement
Edges of weld: Good fusion, no overlap, no undercut Joint

Starts and stops: Free of depressions and high spots 90

Weave side to
Beginnings and endings: Full size, craters filled side second,
Back side: Complete and uniform penetration third, and fourth
passes.
Penetration and fusion: Through the back side and plate
surfaces. See Fig.14-51. Electrode
Surrounding plate surfaces: Free of spatter Top View (Work Angle)
Slag formation: Full coverage, easily removable B

418Chapter 14 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 14-J26J42 (Plate)

Second and Third Passes The current adjustment can be
higher than for the first pass. Check the electrode position
with Fig. 14-54. Use the weave bead technique. Secure
good fusion with the preceding passes and the walls of
the plate. Do not undercut. The face of welds should be
kept flat.
Fourth Pass The current adjustment and electrode position
are approximately those used for previous passes. Use the
weave bead technique. Let the edges of the plate be your
guide for bead width. The face of the weld should be slightly
convex to provide full reinforcement.
Practice starts and stops.
Operations
1. Obtain plates; check the job drawing, Fig.14-55, for
quantity and size.
2. Obtain electrodes of each quantity, type, and size
specified in the job drawing.
3. Set the power source for 75 to 125 amperes for
the first pass. Set a d.c. power source for electrode
positive.
Fig. 14-55 Job drawing J40.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 14-J26J42 (Plate) Chapter 14419
4. Set up the plates and tack weld them as shown on
the job drawing.
5. Stand the joints in the vertical position on the weld-
ing table. Make sure that they are connected with
the work connection.
6. Make the first pass with a 18-inch electrode as
shown on the job drawing. Manipulate the electrode
as instructed in Fig.14-54.
7. Chip the slag from the weld, brush, and inspect.
Refer to Inspection.
8. Readjust the power source for 110 to 170 amperes.
9. Make the second, third, and fourth passes with
5
32-inch electrodes as shown on the job drawing.
10. Chip the slag from the welds, brush, and inspect
between each pass. Refer to Inspection.
11. Practice these welds until you can produce good
welds consistently with both types of electrodes.
Inspection
Compare the back side of the first bead with Fig.1456,
page 420 and all passes with Fig.14-57, page 420. Check
each pass for the following weld characteristics:

Fig. 14-56 Penetration and fusion through the root side of the
outside corner joint shown in Fig. 14-57.
Fig. 14-57 Typical appearance of a multipass single V-groove
weld in an outside corner joint welded in the vertical position, travel
up, with DCEP or a.c. shielded metal arc, low hydrogen, iron pow-
der, coated electrodes. Note the keyhole at the forward edge of
the root pass.
420Chapter 14 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 14-J26J42 (Plate)
Width and height: Uniform
Appearance: Smooth with close ripples; free of voids and
high spots. Restarts should be difficult to locate.
Size: Refer to the job drawing, Fig.14-55, page 419.
Face of weld: First three passes: flat; last pass: slightly
convex
Edges of weld: Good fusion, no overlap, no undercut
Starts and stops: Free of depressions and high spots
Beginnings and endings: Full size, craters filled
Back side: Complete and uniform penetration
Penetration and fusion: Through the back side and to all
plate surfaces. See Fig.14-56.
Surrounding plate surfaces: Free of spatter
Slag formation: Full coverage, easily removable
Disposal
Put completed joints in the scrap bin so that they will be
available for further use. Fillet welds can be run on the
reverse side, or the flat unwelded surfaces can be used for
beading.
Job 14-J41 Welding a T-Joint
Objective
To weld a T-joint in the horizontal position by means of
multipass fillet welds, weave bead technique, with low
hydrogen, iron powder, shielded metal arc electrodes
(AWS E7018).
General Job Information
The purpose of this job is to practice making large size
fillet welds with low hydrogen, iron powder electrodes. Re-
view all of the material concerning this type of electrode
in Chapter 12 and Job 14-J40. Note that the weld symbol in
the job drawing carries a diagonal line (/) to indicate a flat
face and 12 for the length of the weld.
Welding Technique
First PassCurrent adjustment should be somewhat
higher than for flat welding. Hold the electrode at a 40
work angle to the flat plate, Fig. 14-58A, and tilt it 30
drag travel angle, Fig.14-58B. As with other low hydrogen
electrodes, a short arc should be maintained at all times.
Keep the electrode in the pool so that the slag does not run
ahead of the weld. The E7018 electrode can be used with
the coating in contact with the work. This is known as the
drag technique. Use very little weave movement for the
first pass. The face of the weld should be kept as flat as
possible. Make sure that penetration and fusion is secured
at the root of the joint and that there is no undercutting
along the side walls.
 Oscillating motion 30 counterclockwise. Secure good fusion with the underneath
second pass.
Electrode pass and the plate surfaces.
Electrode
Practice starts and stops. Travel in all directions.
Fillet
Weld
These electrodes pick up moisture; be sure to keep
40
them dry.
Weld
Operations
Joint
Joint 1. Obtain plates; check the job drawing, Fig.14-59, for
Direction of Travel
quantity and size.
Side View (Work Angle) Front View (Travel Angle) 2. Obtain electrodes of each quantity, type, and size
A B
specified in the job drawing.
3. Set a d.c. power source for electrode positive at 150
Fig. 14-58 Electrode position when fillet welding a T-joint in the to 220 amperes. An a.c. power source may be used
horizontal (2F) position. at a somewhat higher heat.
4. Set up two sets of plates as shown on the job
drawing and tack weld them at each corner.
Second Pass Deposit the second pass over the first pass 5. Place the joints in the horizontal position on the
with a slight oscillating motion, Fig. 14-58B. Direct the welding table. Make sure that they are connected
electrode toward the vertical plate in order to force the with the work connection.
weld metal up on its surface. Keep a short arc and restrict 6. Make the first pass with 532-inch diameter elec-
electrode movement within the limits of the desired weld trodes as shown on the job drawing. Manipu-
width to prevent undercut. The circular motion should be late the electrodes as instructed in Fig.14-58.

Fig. 14-59 Job drawing J41.

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 14-J26J42 (Plate) Chapter 14421