INTRODUCTION

KEMASAN NON LOGAM

KEMASAN PLASTIK
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
Plastic is derived from the Greek plastikos,
meaning easily shaped or deformed

Technically, plastics is a generic term for

macromolecular organic compounds obtained
from molecules with a lower molecular weight
(MW), or by chemical alteration of natural
macromolecular compounds

At some stage of their manufacture, they can be

formed to shape by flow, aided in many cases by
heat and pressure

Source : Food Packaging and Shelf Life Worksop by Gordon L. Robertson

 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
1. Classification of Polymers :
Polymers are long chains or network of repeating units
(poly = many and mer = repeat unit)
Homopolymers : same repeating building-block unit, e.g :
polyethylene
Heteropolymers : two or more different building-block units
2 units = copolymer; 3 units = terpolymer
Poly (etylene-co-viny acetate) copolymer usually just
referred to as EVA

Source : Food Packaging and Shelf Life Worksop by Gordon L. Robertson

 CHEMISTRY OF POLYMERS

Note : Polyethylene is just a long H-C

Parafin is short polyethylene

Source : Food Packaging and Shelf Life Worksop by Gordon L. Robertson

TYPES OF PLASTIC USED IN PACKAGING

1. Polyolefins
2. Polypropylene
3. Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA)
4. Polystyrene
5. Poly(Vinylidene Chloride)
6. Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)
7. Polymides (Nylons)
8. etc

Source : Food Packaging and Shelf Life Worksop by Gordon L. Robertson

POLYOLEFINS

Olefin means oil-forming and was originally the name

given to the gas ethylene
Nowadays, polyolefin is a common term in plastics
industry and refers to the family of plastics based on
ethylene and propylene
Polyolefins form an important class of
thermoplastics and include very low, low, linear,
medium, and high density Pes and polypropylene

Source : Food Packaging and Shelf Life Worksop by Gordon L. Robertson

POLYOLEFINS

Plastics made from polyolefins such as :

1. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
The largest volume polymer used in food packaging
LDPE is tough, slightly translucent material with good tensile strength,
burst strength, impact resistance, and tear strength
Excellent barrier to water and water vapour
NOT a good barrier to gases
Can be fusion welded (heat sealed) to itself
Excellent chemical resistance but sensitive to hydrocarbons, oils,

and greases

Source : Food Packaging and Shelf Life Worksop by Gordon L. Robertson

POLYOLEFINS

Plastics made from polyolefins such as :

2. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
HDPE is a linear thermoplastic with up to 90% crystallnity and is
stiffer and harder than LDPE
Better barrier to gases and water vapour
Can be fusion welded to itself
Excellent chemical resistance but sensitive to hydrocarbons, oils,
and greases

Source : Food Packaging and Shelf Life Worksop by Gordon L. Robertson

POLYPROPYLENE

Good gloss and high clarity (reverse print)

Tensile and bursting strengths higher than LDPE
Better barrier to gases and water vapour than Pes
High temperature stability (so retortable and
microwaveable)
Excellent chemical, grease and abrasion resistance
Free of ESC but oxidative degradation occurs at elevated
temperatures so must include antioxidants

Source : Food Packaging and Shelf Life Worksop by Gordon L. Robertson

COPOLYMERS OF ETHYLENE
Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA)

Has high surface tack and friction so difficult to

handle on conventional equipment
Compared to LDPE, has :
- lower heat sealing temperature
- better barrier properties
- excellent stretch properties
Finds use as stretch film and cling wrap
EVA used in coextrusion processes and as heat seal
layer on PET and BOPP films

Source : Food Packaging and Shelf Life Worksop by Gordon L. Robertson

POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)

PET bottles and films are largely amorphous (APET)

In 2012, 15 mio. Tonnes PET converted into 350
bio.bottles growing by 5% annually
PET films usually biaxially oriented and heat
stabilised which increases crystallinity to 40%
Great tensile strength, excellent chemical resistance,
light weight; elasticity & stability from -60C to 220C
Improve barrier by coating with LDPE, PVdC
copolymer or PVdCcoAN; also metallise

Source : Food Packaging and Shelf Life Worksop by Gordon L. Robertson

POLYAMIDES (NYLONS)

Characterised by excellent thermal stability can withstand

steam at temperatures up to 140C and dry heat even higher
Highly permeable to water vapour which acts as a plasticiser
so gases can permeate more rapidly
Good barrier to gases when dry
Used combined with LDPE, ionomer or EVA to add moisture
barrier and heat sealability (widely used in vacuum
packaging of processes meats and cheeses)
Biaxial orientation improves flex-crack resistance,
mechanical strength and barrier properties

Source : Food Packaging and Shelf Life Worksop by Gordon L. Robertson

 WHY PLASTIC ?
Flowable and mouldable under certain conditions, to make
sheets, shapes and structures
Generally chemically inert, though not necessarily
impermeable
Cost effective in meeting market needs
Lightweight
Provide choices in respect of transparency, colour, heat
sealing, heat resistance and barrier
 THERMOPLASTIC

PLASTIC

THERMOSETTING
 The word
What does
plastic the
means
word plastic
easily shaped
Thermoplastic plastics:
or mean?
moulded.
Formed by heat

Soften when heated

Made of long
polymer chains
with few cross links

Can be reheated
and reshaped
Mostly recyclable
Thermoplastic plastics are made of long chains of polymers which
dont cross over very often. When heated, the molecules slip easily
over one another.

individual monomer molecule

THERMOPLASTICS

The majority of common plastics are thermoplastics.

Thermoplastics can be heated and reshaped because of the ways in which
the molecules are joined together.
This can be repeated many times (as long as no damage is caused by
overheating).

Heat

Harden Soften

Cool
USES OF PLASTICS (THERMOPLASTICS)

Polystyrene High density Low density polythene

polythene

Polypropylene

ABS

Acrylic
 CAN YOU FIND
THERMOPLASTICS FOR
FOOD PACKAGING?
MANUFACTURE OF PLASTICS PACKAGING

Plastics raw
material (resin)

Pellets form /
Powder form

Product
MANUFACTURE OF PLASTICS PACKAGING

Source : Richard Coles. Food Packaging Technology. CRC Press

MANUFACTURE OF PLASTICS PACKAGING

Source : Richard Coles. Food Packaging Technology. CRC Press

PLASTICS INOVATION RETORT POUNCH
Retort pounch is a rectangular, flexible, laminated plastic, four-
side hermetically sealed pouch in which food is thermally
processed

It is a lightweight, high-quality, durable, convenient and shelf

stable pack

The materials from which retort pouches are made are either
aluminium foil bearing/plastic laminates or foil-free plastic
laminate films

Must be inert, heat sealable, dimensionally stable and heat

resistant to at least 121C for typical process times

Should have low oxygen and water vapour permeability, be

physically strong and have good ageing properties

Source : Richard Coles. Food Packaging Technology. CRC Press

APPLICATIONS RETORT POUNCH

wide range of processed shelf stable products, from solid

meat packs such as polonies to sliced meat in gravy, high-
quality entrees, fish, sauces, soups, vegetables, fruits,
drinks and baked items

PICTURE

Source : Richard Coles. Food Packaging Technology. CRC Press

ADVANTAGES RETORT POUNCH

Transport of empty containers is cheaper (85% less space

required than cans)
Packaging is cheaper than equivalent can and with carton cost
is about the same
Filling lines are easily changed to a different size
Packed pouch is more compact requiring about 10% less shelf
space
Opens easily by tearing or cutting
Ideal for single portion packaging and serving size control
Retort pouch materials are non-corrosive

Source : Richard Coles. Food Packaging Technology. CRC Press

DISADVANTAGES RETORT POUNCH

A major investment in new capital equipment for filling and

processing is required
New handling techniques have to be adopted and may be
difficult to introduce
Heat processing is more critical and more complex
Some form of individual outer wrapping is usually required,
adding to cost
Being non-rigid products such as some fruits lose their shape
Being a new concept, education of the consumer as to correct
storage and use is required during marketing

Source : Richard Coles. Food Packaging Technology. CRC Press

CONCLUSION
SPI (the Society of the Plastics Industry) resin identification coding
system is a set of symbols placed on plastics to identify the polymer type :
 TUGAS BACA
PROSES PEMBUATAN
KEMASAN PLASTIK