FRP Flexural Strengthening

QAZI Samiullah (PhD)

Assistant Professor
CIVIL Engineering Department
UET Peshawar
 Objective

Understand/Evaluate the influence of FRP in

Flexural Strengthening

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Selection of the Appropriate FRP System

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FRP Properties

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Design Material Properties

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Design Material Properties

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 Flexural Reinforcement limits
Increases in overall flexural strength from 10 to 160% have been documented (Meier and
Kaiser 1991; Ritchie et al. 1991; Sharif et al. 1994). When taking into account the
strengthening limits of Section 9.2 and ductility and serviceability limits, however, strength
increases of up to 40% are more reasonable.

The unstrengthened structural member, without FRP reinforcement, should have sufficient
strength to resist a certain level of load. In the event that the FRP system is damaged, the
structure will still be capable of resisting a reasonable level of load without collapse. The
existing strength of the structure should be sufficient to resist a level of load as described
by Eq. (9-1)

In cases where the design live load acting on the member to be strengthened has a high
likelihood of being present for a sustained period of time, a live load factor of 1.0 should be
used instead of 0.75 in Eq. (9-1). Examples include library stack areas, heavy storage areas,
warehouses, and other occupancies with a live load exceeding 150 lb/ft2 (730 kg/m2).

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 Assumptions in Flexural Strength Evaluation

Cross-beam sections, perpendicular to the beam axis prior to deflection, remain still
plane and perpendicular to the beam axis after deflection.

Perfect bond exists between FRP and concrete, and steel and concrete.

Concrete does not react in tension.

Constitutive laws for concrete and steel are accounted for according to the current
building code.

FRP is considered a linear-elastic material up to failure

Loads in place at time of FRP installation are within elastic range

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Nominal Strength

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Failure Modes

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Failure Modes

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Failure Modes

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Reinforced Concrete Members

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Internal Strain and Stress Distribution

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Internal Strain and Stress Distribution

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Internal Strain and Stress Distribution

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Nominal Flexural Strength

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Stress under Service Loads

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 Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates
A simply supported concrete beam reinforced with three No. 9 bars (Fig. 15.1) is
located in an unoccupied warehouse and is subjected to a 50% increase in its live-
load-carrying requirements. An analysis of the existing beam indicates that the
beam still has sufficient shear strength to resist the new required shear strength
and meets the deflection and crack-control serviceability requirements. Its flexural
strength, however, is inadequate to carry the increased live load.

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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 Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates
By inspection, the level of strengthening is reasonable in that it does meet the
strengthening limit criteria specified in Eq. (9-1).

That is, the existing moment strength without FRP, (Mn)w/o = 266 k-ft (361 kN-m),
is greater than the unstrengthened moment limit, (1.1MDL + 0.75MLL)new = 177 k-ft
(240 kN-m).

The design calculations used to verify this configuration follow.

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates

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 Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced
concrete beam with FRP laminates
In detailing the FRP reinforcement, the FRP should be terminated a minimum of
ldf, calculated per Eq. (13-2), past the point on the moment diagram that
represents cracking.

Development lengthThe bond capacity of FRP is developed over a critical length ldf. To develop the effective FRP stress
at a section, the available anchorage length of FRP should exceed the value given by Eq. (13-2) (Teng et al. 2001).

The factored shear force at the termination should also be checked against the
shear force that causes FRP end peeling, estimated as 2/3 of the concrete
shear strength.

If the shear force is greater than 2/3 of the concrete shear strength, the FRP
strips should be extended further toward the supports. U-wraps may also be
used to reinforce against cover delamination.

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Questions?

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