Many civilians along with non-corrupt corporations would tend to agree on the principle of societal honesty, and that

having an honest government is

necessary to develop. In Nigeria, 68% (2010) of civilians make less than US$1.25 per day, despite the countrys US$478B, which is higher than
Denmarks. Since 2000, Nigeria has also been undergoing its largest growth rate to date (6%), but from 2004 to 2010 the number of civilians living below
the poverty line has increased by nearly 5%. This is related to the fact that 80% of the countrys oil funds are owned by 1% of the population. This
imbalance causes civilians to continue to live in poverty and smaller corporations having their growth limited due to corrupt government procurement
practices.
Corporations:
Civilians: The objective of nearly all corporations is to prosper
Many Nigerian civilians aspire to livein an honest society that economically. Without proper incentive or leadership, this can
provides social services and opportunities that work to benefit all default to offering bribes to win contracts in a corrupt society. In
citizens, rather than find themselves trapped within the poverty a democratic and non-corrupt society, the capitalist model of the
cycle as the fruits of their country are unfairly exploited by the private sector is effective due to the prevalence of competition.
few.On average, only 1% of Nigerias GDP isspent on healthcare, In non-corrupt societies, government procurement is a process
which contributes to a life expectancy of 47 (Average in LEDCs is that is based on merit, and therefore allows companies to fairly
55), as well as increased prevalence of diseases including AIDS It can be said that both of
compete for a contract. According to the OECD, in countries
Both parties can and malaria. The reason the healthcare industry is so underfunded these parties are profit-
is not due to Nigerias ability to fund it, astheir US$478B GDP Agreement
where political corruption is more prevalent such as Nigeria,
agree that for the oriented. They agree on the
government contracts are awarded to corporations that can
betterment of ishigher than that ofDenmark. In addition to the choice not to between provide the best personal benefit for politicians. The World fundamental principle that
society, some fund more healthcare from what is in the government offers, Corporations corruption allows business
Economic Forum suggests that 25% of funds in government
factors that are capital are also stolen from the funds which could have been to be done, and this allows
procurement are lost to corruption. This makes it extremely
required are an spent. For example, $600 million disappeared in 2012 from the and Civilians difficult for smaller business to grow (negatively affecting businesses to come in and
honest and NigerianPension fund, and Abdulrasheed Maina, a public official, receive a degree of
economic growth) and providing incentive for those corporations
transparent is believed to be responsible. Such societal practices limit social protection from competition
or individuals who are capable of working elsewhere to leave the
government, services for civilians, leaving 68% ofNigerians trapped in the and interference which
country and work in a non-corrupt society with a merit-based
economic growth, poverty cycle (2010). allows them to invest
system where their work can be rewarded.
improvement of
Agreement between locally, create jobs, and
standard of living, Agreement between grow the economy. In many
political stability, all Governing Body and LEDCs, where laws are not
Corporations and Corrupt
of which result in the Civilians always extremely clear or
creation of major Governing Body Officials enforced, doing business
projects, as well as The perspective of the governing body would be that corruption Corrupt Officials: this way provides clarity to
efficient operation of undermines growth, the future and the people. Honest parties are Corrupt officials would argue that this is the way business has always done, and the company who is
the economy on a discouraged and leave, the country is poorer, the goods and services Agreement it is an efficient way of doing things. They would also argue that they are exploiting their resources.
daily basis. procured are inferior. Though the exact reasons for corruption may vary in entitled to accept bribes as it is associated with their position as they watched They would also agree that
different situations, the fundamental principles of why it occurs are the between their predecessors do the same. Public officials who are corrupt are almost bribery in the process of
same: lack of transparency and poor law enforcement. In societies where Corrupt always corrupt for reasons of personal gain. Though Nigerian President Buhari government procurement
there is minimal government transparency, it is more challenging for Officials and has made breakthroughs in recent years by apprehending officials, releasing would be a small cost
corrupt officials to be apprehended. For example, under Nigerias new budgetary reports, and recovering stolen assets, corruption in Nigeria continues relative to the total cost of
government, monthly financial reports are being released, and have Governing to occur. There are still many government agencies that do not release reports or benefit from the project.
(such as taxation agencies), and as well local and state governments continue
simultaneously recovered US$10B in stolen assets. Having effective law Body
enforcement also reduces corruption. In a country like Canada, there are to operate in an opaque manner. Therefore, still much of Nigerias political
far less cases of corruption due to the number of parties that have been corruption goes unpunished. For example, Nigerias auditor general has
caught, investigated or exposed in the media, discouraging other potential recently reported that US$16B of oil funds from the Nigerian National
offenders. In Nigeria by contrast, a former oil minister was arrested after Petroleum Corporation went missing. The Central Bank found $2.3B in bank
fleeing to London as a result of attempting (and failing) to pay a $1.4M accounts belonging to corrupt bankers and their associates, while the parties
(USD) bribe in order to distort the 2015 Nigerian election results against responsible for the other $13.7B have not been caught. Thus, corruption
Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari. Buhari has attempted to reduce continues to happen in Nigeria based on the many faults that still exist in the
corruption by firing dozens of corrupt officials. Such practices are making it Nigerian government and law enforcement agencies.
more difficult for Nigerian officials to act in a corrupt manner.

The governing body and corrupt government officials would likely agree that there are massive projects that need to be
undertaken, be them major resources projects, or domestic infrastructure, and that such projects would benefit from foreign
expertise and funds. They agree that these projects are vital in growing the economy, but what differs them lies in the
implementation. For example, both parties understand the need for increased oil infrastructure, and while they would agree
that the government needs to play a major role in this development, they would disagree on the level of transparency within
the government procurement process.
 The agreed upon subjects of the four discussed parties:
All four parties, corporations, civilians, the governing body, and corrupt officials would
fundamentally agree on the principle that economic growth is beneficial for society,
including more jobs would benefit the economy, and including foreign expertise and
funds would benefit. They would also agree upon the subject that more efficient
governmental processes are better than slower ones, as if new infrastructure is
needed, it would be better to choose a corporation to build it without wasting time.