gy;gFjpak;

ngUksthd vz;zpf;ifAila kPs;tUk; myFfs; ,zf;fk; miltjhy; gy;gFjpaq;fs;

cUthfpd;wd.
cjhuzk; : n(C2H4) nghypj;jPd;
gy;gFjpaq;fs; ,aw;ifg; gy;gFjpak;> njhFg;Gf;Fupa gy;gFjpak; vd
tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
- ,aw;if gy;gFjpaq;fs; ,aw;ifahfNt capu;j;njhFjpfspDs; njhFf;fg;gl;lit.
cjhuzk; : ,aw;if ,wg;gu;> Gujq;fs;> nehjpaq;fs;
- njhFg;Gf;Fupa gy;gFjpaq;fs; kdpjdhy; nraw;ifahf jahupf;fg;gl;lit.
cjhuzk; : nghypj;jPd;> nghypitidy;FNshiul;L> nghypvRj;ju;>
nug;Nyhd; (Teflon)> Ngf;iyw;W (Bakelite)> ieNyhd;>a+upah-Nghky;bifl;L.

gy;gFjpaq;fs; mit cUthFk; Kiwapd; mbg;gilapy;> ghFgLj;jg;glyhk;.

- $l;ly; gy;gFjpak; (addition polymers)
- xLq;fy; gy;gFjpak; (condensation polymers)

ntg;g ,ay;ig mbg;gilahf itj;J gy;gFjpaq;fs; gpd;tUkhWgpupf;fg;gLk;.

- ntg;gk; ,sf;Fk; gy;gFjpaq;fs;
ntg;gkhf;Ftjd; %yk; nkd;ikahf;fg;glyhk;. FsputpLk;NghJ td;ikahFk;. kPz;Lk;
gyKiw ,sftplg;glf;$baJ. rq;fpypfSf;fpilapyhdftu;r;rp tpirfs; eypthdit.
cjhuzk;: nghypj;jPd;> nghyp];iuwpd;> PVC

ntg;gk; ,Wf;Fk; gy;gFjpaq;fs;

cw;gj;jpapd; Kjy; fl;lj;jpd;NghJ mr;rpy; thu;f;fg;gLk;NghJ ,it ,Wf;fkilAk;. gpd;
kPz;Lk; ntg;gkhf;fg;gLtjd; %yk; kPs ,sf;fg;glkhl;lhJ. gy;gFjpar; rq;fpypfs;
FWf;F ,izg;Gf;fis cUthf;fpKg;gupkhzf; fl;likg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;.
cjhuzk;: Ngf;iyl;> a+upah Nghky;bifl;L

$l;;ly; gy;g;gFjpak;
epuk;ghj xU gFjpaq;fs; xd;wpize;J ,uhl;rj %yf;$iw Mf;Fk;.
nghyp;j;j;jPPd;
ntg;gk; ,sf;Fk; gy;gFjpak;@ nghypj;jPd; kzkw;wJ@ Ritaw;wJ@ ghukw;wJ@
er;Rj; jd;ikaw;wJ@ xg;gPl;lstpy; kypthdJ. ,Jgjhu;j;jq;fis nghjp nra;tjw;Fk;>
Mrd NkYiw> Nghj;jy;> tpisahl;Lg;nghUl;fs;> Fg;ig NghLk; ig> ghj;jpuk;
Nghd;wit nra;ag; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

nghypitidy; FNshiul;L PVC

,jd; xU gy;gFjpak; itidy; FNshiul;L MFk;.

, J xU
ntg;gk; ,sf;Fk; gy;gFjpakhf cs;sNghJk; FNshupid nfhz;bUg;gjdhy; PVC ,yFtpy;
jPg;gw;wp vupahJ. ,jd; rq;fpypf;F ,ilapyhd ftu;r;rp tpir nghypj;jPd;
rq;fpypfSf;fpilapyhd tpirapYk; kpf mjpfkhdJ. ,jdhy;> PVC td;ikahdJ.
epiyepWj;Jk; fUtp> epug;Gk;fUtp Mfpatw;iw cgNahfpj;J gjdpLtjd; %yk;
Ntnwhd;whf khWgLk;jd;ikAs;s gjhu;j;jkhf khw;wg;glf;$bajhf ,Ug;gJ PVC ,d;
rpwg;gpay;G MFk;. PVC ePu;f; Foha; nra;tjw;Fk;> [yjhiufs; nra;tjw;Fk;>
kpd;fk;gp fis fhtypLtjw;Fk;> epyftrk;> Mrdciw> Filj;Jzp> kiomq;fp Nghd;wit
nra;aTk; gad;gLk;.
nghyp];i;iuuPdPdPd; Polystyrene

xUgFjpak; ];iuuPd; MFk;.

ntg;gk; ,sf;Fk; gy;gFjpak;. nghyp];iuwPd; xsp CLUtf; $ba gjhu;j;jk;. ,J

Eiuahf;fg;gl;L> jpz;kkhf;fg;gLk; (Made into foam and solidified). ,J fhtypahfTk;>
nghjp nra;jw;Fk; gad;gLk;. ,J nu[pNghk;vd miof;fg;gLk;.

nug;Nyhd;
nug;Nyhdpd; xU gFjpak; ehw;GNshNuh vjPd; MFk;.
 ntg;gk;
,sf;Fk; gy;gFjpak;. nug;Nyhd; <uepiyj; jpwdw;wJ; rlj;JtkhdJ; xl;Lk; jd;ikaw;wJ;
cau;ntg;gj;jpdhYk; ,urhadg; gjhu;j;jq;fshYk; ghjpf;fg;glkhl;lhJ. fhuzk; myridf;
nfhz;lJ. mupg;Gf;Fl;glhJ. vdNt> rikaw; ghj;jpuq;fis cWjpg;gLj;jTk;>
,urhadf;ifj;njhopw;rhiyfspYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,ae;jpuq;fspd; Foha;fs;>
%bj;jhspLk; Kj;jpiu (seals) nra;tjw;Fk; cNyhfg; gFjpfSf;F ,ilapy; itf;fg;gLk;
tisaq;fs; nra;aTk; neUg;Gg; gpbf;fhj Jzpnra;tjw;Fk;gad;gLk;.

nghypINrhgpwPd; (,aw;if ,wg;gu;)

,wg;guhdJ uau;> upa+g;> nkj;ij> ifAiw jahupg;gpYk;> kUj;Jtj;JiwapYk;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
,aw;;if ,wg;g;giu ty;f;fidRg;g;gLj;j;jy;
,wg;gupd; kPs;jfTj; jd;ikf;F rp];-nghyp INrhgpwpd; mikg;Ng fhuzkhFk;.
,wg;giu td;ikahf;Ftjw;F ,wg;gupd; kPs;jfTj; jd;ikkhw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdNt ,aw;if
,wg;giu mjd; epiwapd; 1%-3%fe;jfj;Jld; ntg;gg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;
td;ikahf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J ty;fidRg;gLj;jy; vdg;gLk;. ty;fidRg;gLj;Jk; nghOJ
nghypINrhgpwPd; rq;fpypfs; FWf;fhf fe;jfj;jpdhy; gpizf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
,jdhy;> ,wg;gupd; kPs;jd;ik mjpfupg;gJld;> td;ikahf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 25 - 35 %
fe;jfj;Jld; ntg;gNkw;Wtjd; %yk; vgidw;W (ebonite)ngwg;gLk;. y;fidRg;gLj;jpa
,wg;gu; xl;Lk;jd;ikaw;wJ. $basT nghwpKiw ,ay;Gfis cilaJ

,wg;g;gu; Nru;i;itahf;f;fk; (Rubber compounding)

Fwpj;j Njitf;F Vw;wj;jf;fjhf ,aw;if ,wg;gu; my;yJ kw;iwa ,wg;gu;fs; mikahJ
tplyhk;. Mdhy;> mjDld; fyf;fg;gLk; gjhu;j;jq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;> ,wg;gu;
Nru;itahf;fk; mt;,wg;giu vkJ Njitf;F cfe;j gjhu;j;jkhf khw;Wfpd;wJ. ,wg;gu;
Nru;itahf;fj;jpw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gjhu;j;jq;fis mtw;wpd; njhopw;ghl;bd;
mbg;gilapy;> gpd;tUkhW ghFgLj;jyhk;.
1. Elastomers
2. ty;fidRg;gLj;Jk; fUtp
3. Ntf tsu;r;rpf; fUtp(Accelerators)
4. Jhz;b / epNuhjp
5. Process aids
6. nkd;ikahf;fp> ,sf;fp
7. typjhf;fpfs; / epug;gpfs;
8. Age resistors

cjhuzkhf> cover of a conveyor belt Nru;itfshf gpd;tUtd fhzg;gLk;.

,aw;if ,wg;gu; (Elastomer)
fupa fhgd; (Filler)
ZnO (Accelerator)
];upawpf; mkpyk; (J}z;b)
,wg;gu; gjdpLk; vz;nza;
nwrpd;
N-Cyclohexylbenzothiozole-2-sulfonamide (CBS)
fe;jfk; (ty;fidRg;gLj;Jk; fUtp)
xLq;f;fy; gy;g;gFjpak;
xLq;fy; gy;gFjpahf;fj;jpy; xU gFjpaq;fs; ,izAk; nghOJ H2O, NH3,
HCl Nghd;w vspa %yf;$Wfs; ntspNaw;wg;gLk;.

nghyp Vikl;L;L (Polyamides)

,q;F xU gFjpaq;fs; - CONH - $l;lq;fshf ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.,it nghypVikl;L vd
miof;fg;gLk;. nghJthd nghypVikl;by; ieNyhd; 6,6 Kf;fpakhdJ. ,J 1, 6 -
diaminohexane [H2N (CH2) 6NH2] > vf;Nrd;ilxapf; mkpyj;Jld; [HOOC (CH2)6 COOH)]
xLq;fw;gy;gFjpahf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLk; nghOJ cUthFk;. ,q;F
ilfhnghl;rpypf;mkpyj;jpw;F gjpyhf mkpyFNshiul;L gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghOJ
gy;gFjpahf;fk; $ba tpidj;jpwDilajhf mikAk;.
ntg;gk; ,sf;Fk; gy;gFjpak;. ,J fk;gspAld; xj;j mikg;Gilajhf fhzg;gbDk;> ieNyhd;
nkd;ik mw;wjhfTk;> ,aw;if ehu;fisg; Nghd;w ePiu cwpQ;Rk; jd;ikaw;wjhfTk;
fhzg;gLk;. vdpDk;> ePbj;j ghtidAilaJ. fOtpg; ghtpg;gjw;F Vw;wjhfTk; cs;sJ.
ieNyhd; Milfs; jahupf;fg; gad;gLk;. ieNyhdpd; kPs;jftpay;G> td;ik Mfpad
fhYiw jahupf;fTk;> ,Wf;fkhd cilfs; jahupg;gjw;Fk; Vw;wJ Mfpd;wJ.

nghypv];j;ju; (Polyesters)

$l;lq;fshy; xU gFjpaq;fs; ,izf;fg;gl;L cUthFk;

gy;gFjpaq;fs; nghypv];ju;fs; vdg;gLk;.

nuwpyPd;
nuwpyPd;> vNjd;- 1> 2- ilxy;> ngd;rPd; - 1> 4 - ilfhnghl;rpypf; mkpyj;Jld;
gy;gFjpahf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLk; nghOJ cUthfpd;wJ. nuwpyPd; Xu; nghypv];ju;
MFk;.
ntg;gk; ,sf;Fk; gy;gFjpak;. ,aw;if ehu;fshd gUj;jp my;yJ fk;gspf;F
gjpyhf nuwpyPd; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ehu;fs; td;ikahditahf ,Ug;gjhy;>ehu;f;
fz;zhb (fibre glass) jahupg;gpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. xspg;glj;jhs;>[Tsp> xyp ehlh
jahupg;gpYk; gad;gLk;.

Ngf;;iyl; (Bakelite)
nrwpH2SO4 > gPNdhy;> Nghky;bifl;L (nkjdy;) Mfpatw;wpd; Kd;dpiyapy;
jhf;fk; eilngw;W ntg;gk; ,Wf;Fk; gy;gFjpakhd Ngf;iyl; cUthFk;.
Ngf;iyl;lhdJ FWf;F ,izg;Gfisf; nfhz;l xU Kg;gupkhz
gy;gFjpakhFk;. ,f;FWf;F gpizg;Gfs; kpfTk; cWjpahd fl;likg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;.
fhuzk; NtWgl;l njhFjpfSk; RahjPdkhf Rw;wpr; Roy KbahJ ,Ug;gJld; mtw;wpd;
epiyapy; miraKbahjjhfTk; fhzg;gLk;. ,Jntg;g cWjpahd kpd;dpay; ghfq;fis
jahupf;f gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

a+upah Nghky;b;bifl;L;L (Urea-formaldehyde)

nrwpH2SO4 Kd;dpiyapy; Nghky;bifl;L a+upahTld; jhf;fp ntg;g,Wf;fkhd
a+upah Nghky;bifl;L gy;gFjpaj;ij cUthf;Fk;.,J FWf;F ,izg;Gfisf; nfhz;l xU
Kg;gupkhz gy;gFjpakhFk;.,it ntg;gk; ,Wf;Fk; gpsh];jpf;Ffshf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.