Jayden Peterson

Exploring Computer Science

Final Review
Directions: Define the following terms and then answer the question about
the terms. Highlight your answers with a light color!

Define the Internet: a global computer network providing a variety of information and
communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized
communication protocols.
Define Hardware: a high-capacity, self-contained storage device containing a read-write
mechanism plus one or more hard disks, inside a sealed unit.
Define Algorithms: a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-
solving operations, especially by a computer.
Computer (intelligent machine) behavior is based on (which of the above three)?

Explain Internet Security:

List 3 things that might happen to your computer that indicates your computer
may have some type of internet security concern (messages that might pop up or
computer actions):
1. Make sure you have anti-virus software on your computer! Anti-virus software is
designed to protect you and your computer against known viruses so you don't have
to worry. But with new viruses emerging daily, anti-virus programs need regular
updates, like annual flu shots, to recognize these new viruses. Be sure to update
your anti-virus software regularly! The more often you keep it updated, say once a
week, the better. Check with the web site of your anti-virus software company to see
some sample descriptions of viruses and to get regular updates for your software.
Stop viruses in their tracks!

2. Passwords will only keep outsiders out if they are difficult to guess! Don't share
your password, and don't use the same password in more than one place. If
someone should happen to guess one of your passwords, you don't want them to be
able to use it in other places. The golden rules of passwords are: (1) A password
should have a minimum of 8 characters, be as meaningless as possible, and use
uppercase letters, lowercase letters and numbers, e.g., xk28LP97. (2) Change
passwords regularly, at least every 90 days. (3) Do not give out your password to
anyone!

3. Remember that the Digital Highway is a two-way road. You send and receive
information on it. Disconnecting your computer from the Internet when you're not
online lessens the chance that someone will be able to access your computer. And if
you haven't kept your anti-virus software up-to-date, or don't have a firewall in
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place, someone could infect your computer or use it to harm someone else on the
Internet. Be safe and disconnect!

Define computational thinker: Computational thinking is the thought processes involved

in formulating a problem and expressing its solution(s) in such a way that a computerhuman
or machinecan effectively carry out.

Define algorithm search: A search algorithm is the step-by-step procedure used to locate
specific data among a collection of data. It is considered a fundamental procedure in
computing. In computer science, when searching for data, the difference between a fast
application and a slower one often lies in the use of the proper search algorithm.
Define Linear search: Linear search, also known as sequential search, is a process that
checks every element in the list sequentially until the desired element is found. The
computational complexity for linear search is O(n), making it generally much less efficient
than binarysearch (O(log n))
Define Binary search: binary search. (algorithm) Definition: Search a sorted array by
repeatedly dividing the search interval in half. Begin with an interval covering the whole array.
If the value of the search key is less than the item in the middle of the interval, narrow the
interval to the lower half.
Define Decimal search: Decimal is a term that describes the base-10 number system,
probably the most commonly used number system. ... In computing, the binary , octal , or
hexadecimalnumber system may be used instead of the decimal system. All these schemes
have a number of digits that is a power of 2
When comparing items in a sort list or set, what type of search (from the above
list) takes the least amount of comparisons?

Define Scratch block: Define () is a block introduced in Scratch 2.0 with a unique,
Hat block-like shape that falls under the More Blocks category. It is used
to define custom blocks. ... A define block is created each time a new custom block is,
appearing on the Scripts Area of the current sprite, or the Stage's scripts area if it selected.
Thomas creates a simple Scratch assignment. He is able to use 15 Scratch blocks.
Kiarra creates the same assignment and it looks exactly the same, but she used 20
Scratch blocks. What does this scenario indicate?

Define operating system: the software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as
scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals.
List 3 different operating systems:
1. Linux
2. Mac OS X
3. Microsoft Windows
Define application software:
List 3 different application software:
1. MS Word
2. Word pad
3. Note pad
Define internet browser:
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List 3 different browsers:

1. firefox
2. safari
3. lynx
Define search engine: a program that searches for and identifies items in a database that
correspond to keywords or characters specified by the user, used especially for finding
particular sites on the World Wide Web.
List 3 different search engines:
1. bing
2. google
3.yahoo

Define hyperlink: a link from a hypertext file or document to another location or file, typically
activated by clicking on a highlighted word or image on the screen.
What are 3 characteristics that most hyperlinks have?
1. link destination
2. Link title
3. Link target
Define domain name: the part of a network address that identifies it as belonging to a
particular domain.
List your 3 favorite websites:
1. facebook
2. twitter
3. youtube

How is computer storage measured? Computer storage and memory is

often measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB). A medium-sized novel contains about
1 MB of information
From smallest to largest, list 5 sizes of storage:
1. 8 bits
2. 1024 bytes
3. 1024 kilobytes
4. 1024 megabytes
5. 1024 gigabytes

What is a Word processor used for? Word Processing. Word processing software is
used to manipulate a text document, such as a resume or a report. You typically enter text by
typing, and the software provides tools for copying, deleting and various types of formatting.
Define graphic: relating to visual art, especially involving drawing, engraving, or lettering.
What is a Database used for? database is not generally portable across different DBMSs,
but different DBMS can interoperate by using standards such as SQL and ODBC or JDBC to
allow a single application to work with more than one DBMS.
Define table (in a database): A table is a data structure that organizes information into
rows and columns. It can be used to both store and display data in a structured format. For
example, databases store data in tables so that information can be quickly accessed from
specific rows
What is a Spreadsheet used for? A spreadsheet is a paper or computer file that allows you
to enter data in columns and rows. Microsoft Excel is the main spreadsheet program used on
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Windows computers although it is not the only available. Open Office and Google Documents
both offer free spreadsheet applications which offer similar functions to Excel
Define chart (in a spreadsheet): An embedded chart is a chart object that can be inserted
into a worksheet. A chart sheet is a chartthat is a sheet of its own. To insert an
embeddedchart use the Insert option within Excel or thespreadsheet program you are using.
What is a Presentation used for? A presentation program is a software package used to
display information in the form of a slide show. It has three major functions: an editor that
allows text to be inserted and formatted, a method for inserting and manipulating graphic
images, and a slide-show system to display the content.
Define slide (in a presentation): A collection of pages arranged in sequence that contain
text and images for presenting to an audience. It often refers to a Microsoft
PowerPoint presentation. See presentation graphics, PowerPoint and slidetransition.
Define ePortfolio: An ePortfolio (electronic portfolio) is an electronic collection of evidence
that shows your learning journey over time. Portfolios can relate to specific academic fields or
your lifelong learning.

Define binary code: a coding system using the binary digits 0 and 1 to represent a letter,
digit, or other character in a computer or other electronic device.
Go to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdFmSlFojIw and watch the video. In
your own words, explain how to figure out the binary code for a number.
What are the place values in a binary number system? Place values (in decimal) for
the binary number system. The largest number that you can write in binary using only
six places or six digits is 111111 (base 2) which, since there is a numeral one in each place,
has the decimal value 32+16+8+4+2+1 = 63.
List one website that lists the binary code for numbers:
l3d.cs.colorado.edu/courses/CSCI1200-96/binary.html
What is the binary code for 10:1010
What is the binary code for 23: 10111
What is the binary code for 35: 100011
What is the binary code for 99: 1100011

What are the steps to the problem solving process? Problem Solving. Problem solving
is the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem; identifying, prioritizing
and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution.

Define defragment: reduce the fragmentation of (a file) by concatenating parts stored in

separate locations on a disk.
Define configure: arrange or order (a computer system or an element of it) so as to fit it for a
designated task.
Define malware: software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer
systems
Define file compression: File compression is a data compression method in which the
logical size of a file is reduced to save disk space for easier and faster transmission over a
network or the Internet. It enables the creation of a version of one or more files with the same
data at a size substantially smaller than the originalfile
Define debugging: identify and remove errors from (computer hardware or software).
Define coding: code assigned for the purpose of classification or identification
Define sorting: arrange systematically in groups; separate according to type, class, etc.
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Define DNS: (Domain Name System) The Internet's system for converting alphabetic names
into numeric IP addresses. For example, when a Web address (URL) is typed into a
browser, DNS servers return the IP address of the Web server associated with that name.
Define LAN: is a computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most often, a LAN is
confined to a single room, building or group of buildings, however, one LAN can be connected
to other LANs over any distance via telephone lines and radio waves.
Define VPN: s a network that is constructed using public wires usually the Internet to
connect to a private network, such as a company's internal network. There are a number of
systems that enable you to create networks using the Internet as the medium for transporting
data.
Define WAN:wide area network

Define freeware; software that is available free of charge.

Define shareware: software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally
for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use.
Define open source: denoting software for which the original source code is made freely
available and may be redistributed and modified.
Define copyrighted: secure copyright for (material)

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