\

Thickness Moisture content Unit weight

Layer Dy, m m t nhin,% Trng lng t nhin
1 3.7 45.6 1.75
2 10 34.4 1.7
3 6.8 18.2 1.88
4 50 13,8 1.99
Gravity of solids Internal friction angle Cohesion e-p diagram with compresion
T trng ht Gc ni ma st, Lc dnh, kg/cm2 50
2.71 5.5 0.13 1.19
2.66 9,30 0.08 1.038
2.65 32,4 0.18 0.754
2.65 37,5 0.08 0.739
 Column 1 size (cm) N (T) M (T.m)
C1 70x45 567.5 73.3
C2 55x40 389.5 40.4

0.7

e-p diagram with compresion pressure, p (MPa) Static penetration Standard pentration
100 150 200 Xuyn tnh, Mpa Xuyn chun, N
1.139 1.099 1.067 0.84 5
0.987 0.947 0.915 1.08 6
0.735 0.718 0.704 6.3 22
0.72 0.703 0.689 20.1 45
Q (T)
12.50
7.9
I/ BEARING CAPACITY ESTIMATION
A/ SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Layer h (m) Type qc (kN/m2) Note

1 3.7 Loose sand 840 q , taken
c
2 10 Loose sand 1080 in F.1,
3 6.8 Very dense clay 6300 TCVN
4 50 Very dense sand 20100 9352/2012

B/ LOADING
1/ Qp calculation
a/ By Eq 12.4 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Friction angle ' =
Pile cap depth =
Pile tip depth =
Pile lengh L=
Db =
Cohesion (Layer 5) c' =
Qp = Ap[c'NcFcsFcdFcc + q'(Nq-1)FqsFqdFqc]
Cross-sectional area of pile Ap =
Bearing Capacity Factors
Nq = tan2(45 + '/2)etan' Nq =
Nc = 2(Nq-1)cot' Nc =
Shape Factor
Fcs = 1 + (Nq/Nc) Fcs =
Fqs = 1 + tan' Fqs =
Depth Factor
Fcd = Fqd - (1-Fqd)/(Nctan') (For' > 0) Fcd =
C = 2tan'(1- sin ')2 C=
Fqd = 1 + C tan-1(L/Db) Fqd =
Compressibility Factors
m=
pa =
Drained modulus of elasticity of soil E s = mpa Es =
Poisson's ratio s =
Shear modulus Gs = Es/[2(1+s)] Gs =
Ir = Gs/(c' +q'tan') Ir =
Icr = 0,5 exp[2,85cot(45-'/2)] (B=L=1) Icr =
Fcc =

Efftive vertical stress q' q' =

Ir = Es/[2(1+s)q'tan'] Ir =
n=
=
 Irr = Ir/(1+Ir Irr =
Fqc =
Qp =
b/ By SPT: Qp = kcqcAc
SPT capacity to point bearing capacity translation factor kc =

Average capacity from 1D above to 3D below pile tip qc =

Qp(SPT) =
2/ Qs calculation (Eq 12.23 & 12.36 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
a/ By Eq 12.23 & 12.36 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Layer 1 (Loose Sand) with SdL =
Qs = Ds(1-sin')tan' Area of effective vertical stress
Where:
' =
1 - sin' = 1 - sin (530') =
tan' = tan 0,7' = tan(0,7 530') (const in L = 35,6 m) =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer top =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer bottom =
Area of effective vertical stress = ( top + bottom)L/2 =
Qs(1) =

Layer 2 (Loose Sand) with SdL =

Qs = Ds(1-sin')tan' Area of effective vertical stress
Where:
Internal frictional angle
1 - sin' = 1 - sin (920') =
tan' = tan 0,7' = tan(0,7 920') (const in L = 35,6 m) =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer top =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer bottom =
Area of effective vertical stress = ( top + bottom)L/2 =
Qs(2) =

Layer 3 (Very dense Clay) * =

Cu =
p=
L5 =
Qs(3) =

Layer 4 (Very dense Sand) with dL =

Qs = Ds(1-sin')tan' Area of effective vertical stress
Where:
Internal frictional angle
1 - sin' = 1 - sin (3730') =
tan' = tan 0,7' = tan(0,7 3730') (const in L = 35,6 m) =
 Effective vertical stress at top of layer top =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer bottom =
Area of effective vertical stress = ( top + bottom)L/2 =
Qs(4) =
Qs =
Qallow = (Qs + Qnet)/3 Qallow =
b/ By SPT: Qs = Ufili
Pile perimeter U=D =
Unit frictional resistance fi = qci/ci. For layers, we have:

Layer h (m) Type qc (kN/m2)

1 3.7 Loose sand 840 60
2 10 Loose sand 1080 60
3 6.8 Very dense clay 6300 60
4 50 Very dense sand 20100 150
Qs(SPT) =
3/ Qall calculation (Factor of safety taken as 2,5)
a/ By Eq 12.4 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Allowable load Qall = (Qp + Qs)/2,5 =

b/ By SPT:
Allowable load Qall(SPT) = (Qp(SPT) + Qs(SPT))/2,5 =

b/ Choosen value of Qall

The chosen value will be the minimum of the two methods' results, Q all =
Therefore the number of necessary piles will be
II/ PILECAP DESIGN
A/ INPUT DATA
1/ Pilecap dimensions
Long span L L=
Short span W W=
Minimum depth =

Chosen depth H=
2/ Material
Concrete density Concrete =
Concrete compressive strength fc'=
Steel yield strength fy =
B/ DESIGN (Based on ACI)
1/ Design piles load
Vertical load N=
Moment X-X Mx =
Moment Y-Y My =
Pilecap's self weight W1 = LWHConcrete =

a/ Forces & moments applied on foundation

Ntotal = Fz + W1 Ntotal =
b/ Piles' coordinate & pile load
Axial load on piles: P = N/n |Mxy/y2| |Myx/x2|
Checking:
If P < Qallow = 3402 kN: Adequate

Number of piles: 2
Pile x (m) y (m) x2 y2
1 0 -1.05 0 1.1025
2 0 1.05 0 1.1025
Sum 0 2.205
To be conservative, use P=
2/ Reinforcement
a/ Bottom reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax = 0
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Minimum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 12 As,req =
Number of bars 9 As,pro =
Spacing = (L-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Along y direction, Mmax = (P1)0,7m Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 25 As,pro =
Number of bars 12
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
b/ Top reinforcement
Along x direction
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Minimum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 12 As,req =
Number of bars 9 As,pro =
Spacing = (L-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
 Along x direction
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Maximum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 12 As,req =
Number of bars 4 As,pro =
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
C/ SHEAR CHECKING
1/ One way shear
a/ In y direction
Shear force Vu = P Vu =
Modification factor =
Concrete shear capacity Vn =[ bxd(f'c)1/2]/6 > Vu Vc =
Vc < Vu => Inadequate
Shear capacity of stirrupts Vs = Avfyd/s Vs =
Total shear capacity Vn = (Vc + Vs) Vn =
Vn > Vu => Adequate
2/ Two way shear
Critical perimeter exceeds the short edge => no need to check

3/ Horizontal Binders
a/ Along x direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 12 As,pro =
Number of bars 5
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=

b/ Along y direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 12 As,pro =
Number of bars 7
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=
c/ Using loops as horizontal binders, number of loops is chosen to be 7 loops, spacing is 190mm
III/ PILE REINFORCEMENT
A/ INPUT DATA
 From Equation 5.13 ENV 1992-1-1,
Axial Load = Maximum axial between two piles NEd =
As,min = As,min =
{(0,005_, _0,5^2@25
^2,
0,5^2_1^2@0,0025_,
Use, 10 bars_ 1
with ) mm, As,min As,prov 0,08Ac
= 18
^2 As,prov=

2/ Section properties
Pile radius R=
Distance between center of pile & longitudinal bar r=
Number of longitudinal bars nbars =
Diameter of longitudinal bar =
Concrete stress block parameters =
=
3/ Materials
Ultimate strain of concrete cu2 =
Cylindrical strength of concrete fck =
Partial safety factor for concrete strength c =
Yield streingth of steel bars fyk =
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es =
Partial safety factor for steel strength s =
Ultimate strain of steel steel, ultimate = fyk/(Ess) steel, ultimate=

B/ CHECKING
1/ Loading
Final moment over x axis Mfx = Mx - FyH Mfy =
Final moment over y axis Mfy = My + FxH Mfx =
Bending moment = Maximum values of Mfx and Mfy MEd =
Axial Load = Maximum axial load acting on two piles NEd =

2/ Interaction Diagram
a/ Pure compression point A
NRd = (0,85fck/c)(Agross - Asteel) + fykAsteel NRd =
MRd =
b/ Random point before Balance failure B
Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 509
2 102 Yielded 309 509
3 255 Yielded 309 509
4 445 0.00128 268 509
5 598 0.00051 108 509
6 656 Yielded -309 509
b/ Balance failure point C (x = xbalance = (R +r)/(1+su/cu))
Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 509
2 102 Yielded 309 509
3 255 Yielded 309 509
4 445 0.00013 28 509
5 598 -0.00103 -216 509
6 656 Yielded -309 509

c/ Random tension failure point D (x < xbalance)

Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 254
2 102.4408 Yielded 309 509
3 255.4408 0.00095 199 509
4 444.5592 -0.00095 -199 509
5 597.5592 Yielded -309 509
6 656 Yielded -309 254

d/ Random tension failure point E (x < xbalance)

Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 254
2 102.4408 0.00111 233 509
3 255.4408 Yielded -309 509
4 444.5592 Yielded -309 509
5 597.5592 Yielded -309 509
6 656 Yielded -309 254
 Interaction diagram coordinates 8000
Point NRd MRd
7000
A 7402 0
6000
B 6116 473
5000
C 3723 607
D 2444 513 NRd4000
(kN)
E 394 177 3000
Load NEd MEd 2000
3240 513 1000
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 6

Bored Pile M-N Interaction Dia

C/ SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT

Diameter of spiral ds =
Area of spiral reinforcement as =
Plan view diameter of the spiral loop Dch =
Plan view area inside loop perimeter Ach = Dch2/4 =
Gross area of pile section Ag = D2/4 = R2 Ag =
Spiral reinforcement ratio rs = 0,45(Ag/Ach - 1)c/fy s =
s = Volume of spiral in one loop/Volume of core for a unitlength of S
s = 4as(Dch-ds)/(Dch2S) S = 4as(Dch-ds)/(sDch2) S=
25 mm < S < 75 mm. (7.10.4.3 ACI318). Hence, Sprov =

C/ REINFORCEMENT BELOW CUTOFF LEVEL

Number of longitudinal bars nbars =
Diameter of longitudinal bar =
Pure compression resistance
NRd = (0,85fck/c)(Agross - Asteel) + fykAsteel NRd =
ADEQUATE
_0=_1 _2 _3 _4 _6 _(,)_(,)
Lap length
The effect of the form of the bars 1 =
The effect of concrete minimum cover 2 =
The effect of confinement by tranverse reinforcement 3 =
The influnce of welded transverse bars 4 =
percentage of lapped bar _6= ( _1/25) ^0,5=
Bar diameter =
Desgin stress of the bar sd =
The coefficent rated to quality and position of bar 1 =
the coefficent related to diameter 2 =
fctk, 0,05 =
Thw coefficent of longterm effects ct =
The partial safety factor for concrete c =
The design tensile strength fctd =
Ultimate bond stress fbd =
the required anchorage length lb,rqd =
lbd =
l0,min =
 37.5
1.5 m
27 m
25.6 m
0.7
8 kN/m2

0.38

45.8 eq 3.20
58.4 eq 3.21

1.78 T3.4, page 145

1.77 eq 12.6

1.37
0.23 eq 12.8
1.36 eq 12.7

500
100 kN/m2
50000
0.3
19231
53.6 eq 3.28
59.8 eq 3.29
0.5 eq 3.30

457 kN/m2

54.86 eq 12.11
0.0019 eq 12.15
0.0086 eq 12.14
 37.3
eq 12.10
0.48 eq 12.17
9255 kN

0.3 TCVN
10304:2014
20100 kN

6030 kN
ngineering 7Ed Braja Das)
7Ed Braja Das
2.2 m

5.5
0.90
0.07
37.77
63.52
111 kN/m2
13 kN

10 m

9.3
0.84
0.11
63.52
230.29
1469 kN/m2
265 kN

0.4
18
1.88
6.8
92 kN

6.50 m

37.5
0.39
0.49
358.13
487.48
846 kN/m2
308 kN
678 kN
3311 kN

2.20 m

f
14
18
105
134
2471 kN

3973.08 kN

3400.55 kN

3401 kN
2

3.3 m
1.2 m
0.94

1.5 m

25 kN/m3
19 N/mm2
355 N/mm2

5675 kN
689 250
250
149 kN

5824 kN
P (kN)
2584 Adequate
3240 Adequate

3240 kN

0.025 m

450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

939
1018 mm2 Adequate
405 mm
400 mm
2268 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
1.39 m
5385 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

5890 mm2 Adequate

102 mm
90 mm

0.025 m

450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

939
1018 mm2 Adequate
405 mm
400 mm
 0.025 m

450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

412
452 mm2 Adequate
379 mm
360 mm
11.2.1.1 ACI

3240 kN
0.85
2827 kN

891
3585

235 mm2
117 mm2

565 Adequate

326 mm

1346 mm2
673 mm2

792 Adequate

217 mm
e 7 loops, spacing is 190mm
 3240 kN
1924 mm2

2545 mm2 Adequate

350 mm
306 mm
10
18 mm
1
0.8

0.0035
30 N/mm2
1.5
355 N/mm2
210000 N/mm2
1.15
0.0015

512.66
314.57
512.66 kNm
3240 kN

7402 kN
0 kNm

350 mm
700 mm
330051 mm2
6116 kN
473 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 48
157 39
157 15
137 13
55 14
-157 -48
 350 mm
462 mm
206121 mm2
3723 kN
607 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 48
157 39
157 15
14 1
-110 -27
-157 -48

350 mm
350 mm
143751 mm2
2444 kN
513 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 24
157 39
101 10
-101 -10
-157 -39
-79 -24

350 mm
150 mm
43909 mm2
394 kN
177 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 24
119 29
-157 -15
-157 -15
-157 -39
-79 -24
 300 400 500 600 700
MRd (kNm)
M-N Interaction Diagram

7.10.4.2 ACI

(10.5) ACI

10 mm
79 mm2
650 mm
331831 mm2
384845 mm2
0.0061

78 mm
75 mm

4
12

6695 kN
ADEQUATE
(8.10)
 1
1
1
1 T8.2
5) ^0,5=1.264911 (8.11)
18
33.67363
1 (8.2)
1 (8.2)
2 T3.1
1 3.1.6(2)
1.5 2.4.2.4
1.333333 Mpa 3.1.6(2)
3 MPa (8.2)
50.51044 mm (8.3)
63.89122 mm
270 mm
I/ BEARING CAPACITY ESTIMATION
A/ SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Layer h (m) Type qc (kN/m2) Note

1 3.7 Loose sand 840 q , taken
c
2 10 Loose sand 1080 in F.1,
3 6.8 Very dense clay 6300 TCVN
4 50 Very dense sand 20100 9352/2012

B/ LOADING
1/ Qp calculation
a/ By Eq 12.4 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Friction angle ' =
Pile cap depth =
Pile tip depth =
Pile lengh L=
Db =
Cohesion (Layer 5) c' =
Qp = Ap[c'NcFcsFcdFcc + q'(Nq-1)FqsFqdFqc]
Cross-sectional area of pile Ap =
Bearing Capacity Factors
Nq = tan2(45 + '/2)etan' Nq =
Nc = 2(Nq-1)cot' Nc =
Shape Factor
Fcs = 1 + (Nq/Nc) Fcs =
Fqs = 1 + tan' Fqs =
Depth Factor
Fcd = Fqd - (1-Fqd)/(Nctan') (For' > 0) Fcd =
C = 2tan'(1- sin ')2 C=
Fqd = 1 + C tan-1(L/Db) Fqd =
Compressibility Factors
m=
pa =
Drained modulus of elasticity of soil E s = mpa Es =
Poisson's ratio ms =
Shear modulus Gs = Es/[2(1+s)] Gs =
Ir = Gs/(c' +q'tan') Ir =
Icr = 0,5 exp[2,85cot(45-'/2)] (B=L=1) Icr =
Fcc =

Efftive vertical stress q' q' =

Ir = Es/[2(1+s)q'tan'] Ir =
n=
d=
 Irr = Ir/(1+Ir Irr =
Fqc =
Qp =
b/ By SPT: Qp = kcqcAc
SPT capacity to point bearing capacity translation factor kc =

Average capacity from 1D above to 3D below pile tip qc =

Qp(SPT) =
2/ Qs calculation (Eq 12.23 & 12.36 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
a/ By Eq 12.23 & 12.36 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Layer 1 (Loose Sand) with SdL =
Qs = Ds(1-sin')tan' Area of effective vertical stress
Where:
' =
1 - sin' = 1 - sin (530') =
tan' = tan 0,7' = tan(0,7 530') (const in L = 35,6 m) =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer top =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer bottom =
Area of effective vertical stress = ( top + bottom)L/2 =
Qs(1) =

Layer 2 (Loose Sand) with SdL =

Qs = Ds(1-sin')tan' Area of effective vertical stress
Where:
Internal frictional angle
1 - sin' = 1 - sin (920') =
tan' = tan 0,7' = tan(0,7 920') (const in L = 35,6 m) =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer top =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer bottom =
Area of effective vertical stress = ( top + bottom)L/2 =
Qs(2) =

Layer 3 (Very dense Clay) * =

Cu =
p=
L5 =
Qs(3) =

Layer 4 (Very dense Sand) with dL =

Qs = Ds(1-sin')tan' Area of effective vertical stress
Where:
Internal frictional angle
1 - sin' = 1 - sin (3730') =
tan' = tan 0,7' = tan(0,7 3730') (const in L = 35,6 m) =
 Effective vertical stress at top of layer top =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer bottom =
Area of effective vertical stress = ( top + bottom)L/2 =
Qs(4) =
Qs =
Qallow = (SQs + Qnet)/3 Qallow =
b/ By SPT: Qs = Ufili
Pile perimeter U=D =
Unit frictional resistance fi = qci/ci. For layers, we have:

Layer h (m) Type qc (kN/m2)

1 3.7 Loose sand 840 60
2 10 Loose sand 1080 60
3 6.8 Very dense clay 6300 60
4 50 Very dense sand 20100 150
Qs(SPT) =
3/ Qall calculation (Factor of safety taken as 2,5)
a/ By Eq 12.4 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Allowable load Qall = (Qp + Qs)/2,5 =

b/ By SPT:
Allowable load Qall(SPT) = (Qp(SPT) + Qs(SPT))/2,5 =

b/ Choosen value of Qall

The chosen value will be the minimum of the two methods' results, Q all =
Therefore the number of necessary piles will be
II/ PILECAP DESIGN
A/ INPUT DATA
1/ Pilecap dimensions
Long span L L=
Short span W W=
Minimum depth =

Chosen depth H=
2/ Material
Concrete density Concrete =
Concrete compressive strength fc'=
Steel yield strength fy =
B/ DESIGN (Based on ACI)
1/ Design piles load
Vertical load N=
Moment X-X Mx =
Moment Y-Y My =
Pilecap's self weight W1 = LWHConcrete =

a/ Forces & moments applied on foundation

Ntotal = Fz + W1 Ntotal =
b/ Piles' coordinate & pile load
Axial load on piles: P = N/n |Mxy/y2| |Myx/x2|
Checking:
If P < Qallow = kN: Adequate

Number of piles: 2
Pile x (m) y (m) x2 y2
1 0 -0.75 0 0.5625
2 0 0.75 0 0.5625
Sum 0 1.125
To be conservative, use P=
2/ Reinforcement
a/ Bottom reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax = 0
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Minimum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 25 As,min =
Number of bars 7 As,pro =
Spacing = (L-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Along y direction, Mmax = (P1)0,7m Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 25 As,pro =
Number of bars 9
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
b/ Top reinforcement
Along x direction
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Minimum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 25 As,req =
Number of bars 7 As,pro =
Spacing = (L-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
 Along x direction
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Minimum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 25 As,req =
Number of bars 4 As,pro =
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
C/ SHEAR CHECKING
1/ One way shear
a/ In y direction
Shear force Vu = P Vu =
Modification factor =
Concrete shear capacity Vn =[ bxd(f'c)1/2]/6 > Vu Vc =
Vc < Vu => Inadequate
Shear capacity of stirrupts Vs = Avfyd/s Vs =
Total shear capacity Vn = (Vc + Vs) Vn =
Vn > Vu => Adequate
2/ Two way shear
Critical perimeter exceeds the short edge => no need to check

3/ Horizontal Binders
a/ Along x direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 12 As,pro =
Number of bars 4
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=

b/ Along y direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 12 As,pro =
Number of bars 5
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=

c/ Using loops as horizontal binders, number of loops is chosen to be 5 loops, spacing is 260mm
III/ PILE REINFORCEMENT
A/ INPUT DATA
 From Equation 5.13 ENV 1992-1-1,
Axial Load = Maximum axial between two piles NEd =
As,min = Max( 0,15Nsd/fyd ; 0,003Ac) As,min =
Use, 14 bars with = 18 mm, As,min As,prov 0,08Ac As,prov=

2/ Section properties
Pile radius R=
Distance between center of pile & longitudinal bar r=
Number of longitudinal bars nbars =
Diameter of longitudinal bar =
Concrete stress block parameters =
=
3/ Materials
Ultimate strain of concrete cu2 =
Cylindrical strength of concrete fck =
Partial safety factor for concrete strength c =
Yield streingth of steel bars fyk =
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es =
Partial safety factor for steel strength s =
Ultimate strain of steel steel, ultimate = fyk/(Ess) steel, ultimate=

B/ CHECKING
1/ Loading
Final moment over x axis Mfx = Mx - FyH Mfy =
Final moment over y axis Mfy = My + FxH Mfx =
Bending moment = Maximum values of Mfx and Mfy MEd =
Axial Load = Maximum axial load acting on two piles NEd =

2/ Interaction Diagram
a/ Pure compression point A
NRd = (0,85fck/c)(Agross - Asteel) + fykAsteel NRd =
MRd =
b/ Random point before Balance failure B
Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 509
2 64 Yielded 309 509
3 122 Yielded 309 509
4 204 Yielded 309 509
5 296 0.00143 300 509
6 378.4389 -0.00062 -131 509
b/ Balance failure point C (x = xbalance = (R +r)/(1+su/cu))
Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 509
2 64 Yielded 309 509
3 122 Yielded 309 509
4 204 0.00127 268 509
5 296 0.00028 58 509
6 378.4389 -0.00062 -131 509

c/ Random tension failure point D (x < xbalance)

Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 254
2 64.400413 Yielded 309 509
3 121.5611 Yielded 309 509
4 204.16069 0.00064 135 509
5 295.83931 -0.00064 -135 509
6 378.4389 Yielded -309 254

d/ Random tension failure point E (x < xbalance)

Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 254
2 64.400413 Yielded 309 509
3 121.5611 0.00066 139 509
4 204.16069 -0.00126 -265 509
5 295.83931 Yielded -309 509
6 378.4389 Yielded -309 254
 Interaction diagram coordinates 5000
Point NRd MRd 4500
A 4542 0 4000
B 3577 230 3500
C 2298 291 3000
D 1561 242 NRd2500
(kN)
E 552 148 2000
NEd MEd 1500
Load
1000
2201 280
500
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 30

Bored Pile M-N Interaction Dia

C/ SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT

Diameter of spiral ds =
Area of spiral reinforcement as =
Plan view diameter of the spiral loop Dch =
Plan view area inside loop perimeter Ach = Dch2/4 =
Gross area of pile section Ag = D2/4 = R2 Ag =
Spiral reinforcement ratio rs = 0,45(Ag/Ach - 1)c/fy s =
s = Volume of spiral in one loop/Volume of core for a unitlength of S
s = 4as(Dch-ds)/(Dch2S) S = 4as(Dch-ds)/(sDch2) S=
25 mm < S < 75 mm. (7.10.4.3 ACI318). Hence, Sprov =

Lap length
_=_1 _2 _3 _4 _6 _(,)_(,)
The effect of the form of the bars 1 =
The effect of concrete minimum cover 2 =
The effect of confinement by tranverse reinforcement 3 =
The influnce of welded transverse bars 4 =
percentage of lapped bar _6= (_1/25) ^0,5=
Bar diameter =
Desgin stress of the bar sd =
The coefficent rated to quality and position of bar 1 =
the coefficent related to diameter 2 =
fctk, 0,05 =
Thw coefficent of longterm effects ct =
The partial safety factor for concrete c =
The design tensile strength fctd =
Ultimate bond stress fbd =
the required anchorage length lb,rqd =
lbd =
l0,min =
 37.5
1.3 m
30 m
28.8 m
0.5
8 kN/m2

0.20

45.8 eq 3.20
58.4 eq 3.21

1.78 T3.4, page 145

1.77 eq 12.6

1.37
0.23 eq 12.8
1.36 eq 12.7

500
100 kN/m2
50000
0.3
19231
47.4 eq 3.28
59.8 eq 3.29
0.4 eq 3.30

519 kN/m2

48.30 eq 12.11
0.0019 eq 12.15
0.0097 eq 12.14
 32.9
eq 12.10
0.45 eq 12.17
5024 kN

0.3 TCVN
10304:2014
20100 kN

6030 kN
ngineering 7Ed Braja Das)
7Ed Braja Das
2.4 m

5.5
0.90
0.07
41.20
63.52
126 kN/m2
14 kN

10 m

9.3
0.84
0.11
63.52
230.29
1469 kN/m2
265 kN

0.4
18
1.88
6.8
92 kN

9.50 m

37.5
0.39
0.49
 358.13
547.18
905 kN/m2
329 kN
701 kN
1908 kN

1.57 m

f
14
18
105
134
2401 kN

2290.11 kN

3372.45 kN

2290 kN
1.668

2.5 m
1 m
1.07

1.3 m

25 kN/m3
19 N/mm2
355 N/mm2

3820.995 kN
375
150
81 kN

3902 kN
P (kN)
1701 Adequate
2201 Adequate

2201 kN

0.025 m

450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

3191
3436 mm2 Adequate
404 mm
400
1541 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
1.19 m
4275 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

4418 mm2 Adequate

116 mm
110 mm

0.025 m

450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

3191
3436 mm2 Adequate
404 mm
400 mm
 0.025 m

450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

1554
1963 mm2 Adequate
308 mm
300 mm
11.2.1.1 ACI

2201 kN
0.85
1833 kN

2069
3592

798 mm2
399 mm2

452 Adequate

354 mm

1069 mm2
534 mm2

565 Adequate

266 mm

e 5 loops, spacing is 260mm

 2201 kN
930 mm2
3563 mm2 Adequate

250 mm
206 mm
14
18 mm
1
0.8

0.0035
30 N/mm2
1.5
355 N/mm2
210000 N/mm2
1.15
0.0015

279.75
188.18
279.75 kNm
2201 kN

4542 kN
0 kNm

250 mm
500 mm
168394 mm2
3577 kN
230 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 32
157 29
157 20
157 7
153 7
-67 -9
 250 mm
321 mm
101626 mm2
2298 kN
291 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 32
157 29
157 20
136 6
29 1
-67 -9

250 mm
250 mm
73342 mm2
1561 kN
242 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 16
157 29
157 20
69 3
-69 -3
-79 -10

250 mm
150 mm
36236 mm2
552 kN
148 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 16
157 29
71 9
-135 -6
-157 -7
-79 -10
 150 200 250 300 350
MRd (kNm)
M-N Interaction Diagram

7.10.4.2 ACI

(10.5) ACI

10 mm
79 mm2
450 mm
159043 mm2
196350 mm2
0.0089

77 mm
75 mm

(8.11)
1
1
1
1 T8.2
5) ^0,5=1.264911 (8.11)
18
44.84232
1 (8.2)
1 (8.2)
2 T3.1
1 3.1.6(2)
1.5 2.4.2.4
1.333333 Mpa 3.1.6(2)
3 MPa (8.2)
67.26348 mm (8.3)
85.08232 mm
270 mm
I/ BEARING CAPACITY ESTIMATION
A/ SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Layer h (m) Type qc (kN/m2) Note

1 3.7 Loose sand 840 q , taken
c
2 10 Loose sand 1080 in F.1,
3 6.8 Very dense clay 6300 TCVN
4 50 Very dense sand 20100 9352/2012

Assume : Lg = 10.85 m
Bg = 5 m
n1 = 4
n2 = 2

B/ LOADING
1/ Qp calculation
a/ By Eq 12.4 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Friction angle ' =
Pile cap depth =
Pile tip depth =
Pile lengh L=
Db =
Cohesion (Layer 5) c' =
Qp = Ap[c'NcFcsFcdFcc + q'(Nq-1)FqsFqdFqc]
Cross-sectional area of pile Ap =
Bearing Capacity Factors
Nq = tan2(45 + '/2)etan' Nq =
Nc = 2(Nq-1)cot' Nc =
Shape Factor
Fcs = 1 + (Nq/Nc) Fcs =
Fqs = 1 + tan' Fqs =
Depth Factor
Fcd = Fqd - (1-Fqd)/(Nctan') (For' > 0) Fcd =
C = 2tan'(1- sin ')2 C=
Fqd = 1 + C tan-1(L/Db) Fqd =
Compressibility Factors
m=
pa =
Drained modulus of elasticity of soil E s = mpa Es =
Poisson's ratio ms =
Shear modulus Gs = Es/[2(1+s)] Gs =
Ir = Gs/(c' +q'tan') Ir =
Icr = 0,5 exp[2,85cot(45-'/2)] (B=L=1) Icr =
Fcc =

Efftive vertical stress q' q' =

Ir = Es/[2(1+s)q'tan'] Ir =
n=
d=
 Irr = Ir/(1+Ir Irr =
Fqc =
Qp =
2/ Qs calculation (Eq 12.23 & 12.36 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
a/ By Eq 12.23 & 12.36 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Layer 1 (Loose Sand) with SdL =
Qs = Ds(1-sin')tan' Area of effective vertical stress
Where:
' =
1 - sin' = 1 - sin (530') =
tan' = tan 0,7' = tan(0,7 530') (const in L = 35,6 m) =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer top =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer bottom =
Area of effective vertical stress = ( top + bottom)L/2 =
Qs(1) =

Layer 2 (Loose Sand) with SdL =

Qs = Ds(1-sin')tan' Area of effective vertical stress
Where:
Internal frictional angle
1 - sin' = 1 - sin (920') =
tan' = tan 0,7' = tan(0,7 920') (const in L = 35,6 m) =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer top =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer bottom =
Area of effective vertical stress = ( top + bottom)L/2 =
Qs(2) =

Layer 3 (Very dense Clay) * =

Cu =
p=
L5 =
Qs(3) =

Layer 4 (Very dense Sand) with dL =

Qs = Ds(1-sin')tan' Area of effective vertical stress
Where:
Internal frictional angle
1 - sin' = 1 - sin (3730') =
tan' = tan 0,7' = tan(0,7 3730') (const in L = 35,6 m) =
 Effective vertical stress at top of layer top =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer bottom =
Area of effective vertical stress = ( top + bottom)L/2 =
Qs(4) =
Qs =
Qu = n1*n2*(Qp + Qs)/3=
3/ Qu calculation ( FS = 3)
By Eq 11.121 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Qu = Lg*Bg*cu(p)*N*c + 2(Lg + Bg)cuL =

b/ Choosen value of Qall

The chosen value will be the minimum of the two methods' results, Q all =
Therefore the number of necessary piles will be
II/ PILECAP DESIGN
A/ INPUT DATA
1/ Pilecap dimensions
Long span L L=
Short span W W=
Minimum depth =

Chosen depth H=
2/ Material
Concrete density Concrete =
Concrete compressive strength fc'=
Steel yield strength fy =
B/ DESIGN (Based on ACI)
1/ Design piles load
Vertical load N=
C1 Moment X-X Mx =
Moment Y-Y My =
Vertical load N=
C2 Moment X-X Mx =
Moment Y-Y My =

Pilecap's self weight W1 = LWHConcrete =

a/ Forces & moments applied on foundation

Ntotal = Fz + W1 + W2 Ntotal =
Mx
My
b/ Piles' coordinate & pile load
Axial load on piles: P = N/n |Mxy/y2| |Myx/x2|
Checking: Use section 10.6 Reinforced Concrete Design to Eurocode 2 6th Edition
If P < Qallow : Adequate
yy = yn =
exx =
eyy =
Ixx = y2n =
Iyy = x2n =

Number of piles: 8
Pile x (m) y (m) x2 y2
1 -4.85 2 23.5225 4
2 -2 2 4 4
3 2 2 4 4
4 5 2 25 4
5 -4.85 -2 23.5225 4
6 -2 -2 4 4
7 2 -2 4 4
8 5 -2 25 4
Sum 113.045 32
To be conservative, use P=

Shear
3 4 5

Moment
3 4 5
 1

2/ Reinforcement
a/ 1St strip
Bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 32 As,pro =
Number of bars 42
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
 Use: Diameter 10 As,pro =
Number of bars 30
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
b/ 2nd strip
bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 32 As,pro =
Number of bars 40
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
Use: Diameter 10 As,pro =
Number of bars 12
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
c/ 3rd strip
bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 10
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
 Along ydirection, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 10
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
d/ 4th strip
bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 30
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 10
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
e/ 5th strip
bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
 Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 34
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 10
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
f/ 6th strip
bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 20
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along ydirection, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 10
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
3/ One way shear
In x direction
Shear force Vu = P Vu =
Modification factor =
Concrete shear capacity Vn =[ byd(f'c)1/2]/6 > Vu Vc =
 Vc < Vu => Inadequate
Shear capacity of stirrupts Vs = Avfyd/s Vs =
Total shear capacity Vn = (Vc + Vs) Vn =
Vn > Vu => Adequate
4/ Horizontal Binders
a/ Along x direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 16 As,pro =
Number of bars 21
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=
S=
b/ Along y direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 16 As,pro =
Number of bars 14
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=
S=

c/ Using loops as horizontal binders, number of loops is chosen to be 7 loops, spacing is 190mm
III/ PILE REINFORCEMENT
A/ INPUT DATA
 From Equation 5.13 ENV 1992-1-1,
Axial Load = Maximum axial between two piles NEd =
{(0,005_, _0,5^2@25
As,min = As,min =
^2,
0,5^2_1^2@0,0025_,
Use, 10 1^2
_bars with) = 18 mm, A A 0,08A As,prov=
s,min s,prov c

2/ Section properties
Pile radius R=
Distance between center of pile & longitudinal bar r=
Number of longitudinal bars nbars =
Diameter of longitudinal bar =
Concrete stress block parameters =
=
3/ Materials
Ultimate strain of concrete cu2 =
Cylindrical strength of concrete fck =
Partial safety factor for concrete strength c =
Yield streingth of steel bars fyk =
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es =
Partial safety factor for steel strength s =
Ultimate strain of steel steel, ultimate = fyk/(Ess) steel, ultimate=

B/ CHECKING
1/ Loading
Final moment over x axis Mfx = Mx - FyH Mfy =
Final moment over y axis Mfy = My + FxH Mfx =
Bending moment = Maximum values of Mfx and Mfy MEd =
Axial Load = Maximum axial load acting on two piles NEd =

2/ Interaction Diagram
a/ Pure compression point A
NRd = (0,85fck/c)(Agross - Asteel) + fykAsteel NRd =
MRd =
b/ Random point before Balance failure B
Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 509
2 131 Yielded 309 509
3 359 Yielded 309 509
4 641 0.00030 62 509
5 869 -0.00084 -177 509
6 956 Yielded -309 509
b/ Balance failure point C (x = xbalance = (R +r)/(1+su/cu))
Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 509
2 131 Yielded 309 509
3 359 Yielded 309 509
4 641 0.00017 35 509
5 869 -0.00102 -214 509
6 956 Yielded -309 509

c/ Random tension failure point D (x < xbalance)

Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 254
2 131.08825 Yielded 309 509
3 359.08825 -0.00009 -19 509
4 640.91175 Yielded -309 509
5 868.91175 Yielded -309 509
6 956 Yielded -309 254

d/ Random tension failure point E (x < xbalance)

Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =

x coordinate Steel strain Steel stress Rebar area

Layers s fs (N/mm2) As (mm2)
(mm)
1 44 Yielded 309 254
2 131.08825 0.00044 93 509
3 359.08825 Yielded -309 509
4 640.91175 Yielded -309 509
5 868.91175 Yielded -309 509
6 956 Yielded -309 254
 Interaction diagram coordinates 16000
Point NRd MRd
14000
A 14212 0
12000
B 7949 1744
10000
C 7555 1734
D 2894 985 NRd8000
(kN)
E 483 257 6000
Load NEd MEd 4000
4280 553 2000
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Bored Pile M-N Interaction Di

C/ SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT

Diameter of spiral ds =
Area of spiral reinforcement as =
Plan view diameter of the spiral loop Dch =
Plan view area inside loop perimeter Ach = Dch2/4 =
Gross area of pile section Ag = D2/4 = R2 Ag =
Spiral reinforcement ratio rs = 0,45(Ag/Ach - 1)c/fy s =
s = Volume of spiral in one loop/Volume of core for a unitlength of S
s = 4as(Dch-ds)/(Dch2S) S = 4as(Dch-ds)/(sDch2) S=
25 mm < S < 75 mm. (7.10.4.3 ACI318). Hence, Sprov =

C/ REINFORCEMENT BELOW CUTOFF LEVEL

Number of longitudinal bars nbars =
Diameter of longitudinal bar =
Pure compression resistance
NRd = (0,85fck/c)(Agross - Asteel) + fykAsteel NRd =
ADEQUATE
Lap length
_0=_1 _2 _3 _4 _6 _(,)_(,)
The effect of the form of the bars 1 =
The effect of concrete minimum cover 2 =
The effect of confinement by tranverse reinforcement 3 =
The influnce of welded transverse bars 4 =
percentage of lapped bar _6= (_1/25) ^0,5=
Bar diameter =
Desgin stress of the bar sd
=
The coefficent rated to quality and position of bar 1 =
the coefficent related to diameter 2 =
fctk, 0,05 =
Thw coefficent of longterm effects ct =
The partial safety factor for concrete c =
The design tensile strength fctd =
Ultimate bond stress fbd =
the required anchorage length lb,rqd =
lbd =
l0,min =
37.5
2.5 m
33.3 m
31.0 m
1
8 kN/m2

0.79

45.8 eq 3.20
58.4 eq 3.21

1.78 T3.4, page 145

1.77 eq 12.6

1.37
0.23 eq 12.8
1.36 eq 12.7

500
100 kN/m2
50000
0.3
19231
43.7 eq 3.28
59.8 eq 3.29
0.4 eq 3.30

563 kN/m2
44.54 eq 12.11
0.0019 eq 12.15
0.0105 eq 12.14
 30.3
eq 12.10
0.43 eq 12.17
20835 kN
ngineering 7Ed Braja Das)
Ed Braja Das
1.2 m

5.5
0.90
0.07
20.60
63.52
50 kN/m2
6 kN

10 m

9.3
0.84
0.11
63.52
230.29
1469 kN/m2
265 kN

0.4
18
1.88
6.8
92 kN

12.80 m

37.5
0.39
0.49
 358.13
612.85
971 kN/m2
353 kN
716 kN
57471 kN

4615.227 kN

4615 kN
7

12.5 m
7.8 m
1.23

2.5 m

25 kN/m3
19 N/mm2
355 N/mm2

5675 kN
622 kNm
388 kNm
3895 kN
343 kNm
214 kNm

6094 kN

36919 kN
2957 kNm
1845 kNm
Eurocode 2 6th Edition

2 m
0 m
0 m
32
113

P (kN)
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate

4280 kN

6
12.8 m
4 m

23950 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.38 m
33098 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

33778 mm2 Adequate

96 mm
95 mm

1290 kNm
0.025 m
2.50 m
204 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
775
2356 mm2 Adequate

136 mm
130

12.8 m
4 m

22150 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.38 m
30611 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

32170 mm2 Adequate

100 mm
100 mm

0 kNm
0.025 m
2.50 m
0 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
775
942 mm2 Adequate

358 mm
350

8.0 m
3.2 m

3350 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.36 m
4681 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

6158 mm2 Adequate

347 mm
340 mm
 4050 kNm
0.025 m
2.46 m
5428 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
4956
6158 mm2 Adequate

347 mm
340

8.0 m
3.2 m

13200 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.36 m
18443 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

18473 mm2 Adequate

108 mm
100 mm

2900 kNm
0.025 m
2.46 m
3887 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
4956
6158 mm2 Adequate

347 mm
340

8.0 m
3.2 m

14900 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.36 m
20818 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
20936 mm2 Adequate

95 mm
95 mm

1050 kNm
0.025 m
2.46 m
1407 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
4956
6158 mm2 Adequate

347 mm
340

8.0 m
3.2 m

7200 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.36 m
10060 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI

12315 mm2 Adequate

164 mm
160 mm

1427 kNm
0.025 m
2.46 m
1913 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
4956
6158 mm2 Adequate

347 mm
340

10700 kN
0.85
6163 kN
 21918
24793

8042 mm2
4021 mm2

4222 Adequate

118 mm
100 mm

5205 mm2
2602 mm2

2815 Adequate

181 mm
180 mm

7 loops, spacing is 190mm

 4280 kN
2500 mm2

2545 mm2 Adequate

500 mm
456 mm
10
18 mm
1
0.8

0.0035
30 N/mm2
1.5
355 N/mm2
210000 N/mm2
1.15
0.0015

356.74
553.48
553.48 kNm
4280 kN

14212 kN
0 kNm

500 mm
700 mm
452555 mm2
7949 kN
1744 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 72
157 58
157 22
32 4
-90 -33
-157 -72
 500 mm
673 mm
431255 mm2
7555 kN
1734 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 72
157 58
157 22
18 3
-109 -40
-157 -72

500 mm
350 mm
180020 mm2
2894 kN
985 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 24
157 34
-10 0
-157 -46
-157 -82
-79 -48

500 mm
150 mm
53385 mm2
483 kN
257 kNm

Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 24
47 10
-157 -1
-157 -46
-157 -82
-79 -48
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
MRd (kNm)
M-N Interaction Diagram

7.10.4.2 ACI

(10.5) ACI

10 mm
79 mm2
950 mm
708822 mm2
785398 mm2
0.0041

80 mm
75 mm

4
12

13505 kN
ADEQUATE
(8.10)
 1
1
1
1 T8.2
5) ^0,5=1.264911 (8.11)
18
21.79786
1 (8.2)
1 (8.2)
2 T3.1
1 3.1.6(2)
1.5 2.4.2.4
1.333333 Mpa 3.1.6(2)
3 MPa (8.2)
32.69679 mm (8.3)
41.35853 mm
270 mm