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Lecture 2
19/2/2016
Todays lecture overview
Simple harmonic motion
Vibration analysis procedure
Vibration responses
SDOF Free vibration
SDOF Undamped forced vibration
The Big Picture (Part 1)
Week Syllabus Notes
Week 1 Introductory class
Introduction to vibration SHM
Week 2 SDOF Free Undamped Vibration
SDOF Force Undamped Vibration
Week 3 SDOF Free Damped Vibration System identification
SDOF Force Damped Vibration
Week 4 SDOF Base Excitation
SDOF Rotating Unbalanced Mass
Week 5 Numerical Methods Plot responses
2DOF Free Vibration
Week 6 2DOF Forced Vibration
Dynamic Vibration Absorber
Week 7 Test 1
Simple Harmonic Motion
A type of periodic motion
where the restoring force is directly proportional to the
displacement and acts in the direction opposite to that of
displacement.
that undergoes sinusoidal oscillation where the
acceleration is proportional to the displacement and
directed toward the mean position.
Most physical systems exhibit this type of motion during
oscillation
The expression for SHM is given by
x(t) = Asin(wt + f )
Simple Harmonic Motion
x(t) = Asin(wt + f )
Phase angle
amplitude Oscillation
frequency
in rad/s
FBD
Solve EOM
Example of vibration responses
Amplitude
(y axis)
m
Assumptions
1) Stiffness is linear
2) No friction exist
Figure 1
3) Spring has no mass
4) Oscillates with SHM
SDOF Free Vibration
A spring is a type of mechanical link, which in
most applications and in this course is
assumed to have negligible mass and
damping.
SDOF Free Vibration
Free body diagram
x(t) positive
Fs m Fs Elastic force
F ma dt 2
a x
Fs mx (1)
SDOF Free Vibration
From Hookes law
Fs kx (2)
Divide by m
Equation of motion
k for free vibration
x x 0
m
SDOF Free Vibration
k
x x 0 (4)
m
This is 2nd order ODE. To solve it, we must use trial
functions. We want to solve this as a function of
time.
Lets us assume that the solution for the equation is
x(t ) A cos(nt ) (5)
k
A cos(nt ) A cos(nt ) 0
2
n
m
SDOF Free Vibration
Simplifying, it becomes
k
n A cos(nt ) A cos(nt ) 0
2
m
k
n 0
2
m
k
n (7)
m
SDOF Free Vibration
Substitute (7) into (5)
k
x(t ) A cos t
m
A can be found from initial conditions i.e.
x(0) - Initial displacement
x (0) - Initial velocity
Free Vibration - SDOF
A natural frequency is the frequency at which the structure
would oscillate if it were disturbed from its rest position and
then allowed to vibrate freely.
k
n (rad / s)
m
There is no external force applied to the mass during
oscillation; hence the motion resulting from an initial
disturbance will be free vibration.
There is no element that causes dissipation of energy during
the motion of the mass, the amplitude of motion remains
constant with time.
SDOF Forced Vibration
Lets consider a simple harmonic oscillator as shown
in figure 2 with external force acting on the system
x(t)
k
m F(t)
Figure 2
Assumptions
k spring stiffness 1) Stiffness is linear
m mass 2) No friction exist
F(t) External force 3) Spring has no mass
x(t) degree of freedom 4) Oscillates with shm
SDOF Forced Vibration
Draw FBD,
x(t)
Fs m F(t)
Differentiate x(t)
x A sin t
x 2 cost (12)
Substitute into
m 2 A cost kA cost Fo cost (13)
SDOF Forced Vibration
Simplifying k mA cost F cost
2
o
If 0 then A = Fo
k
which is the static deflection
If then A = 0
If n then A =
SDOF Forced Vibration