3

Energy Review

Base Line and EnPI

Sustainable
Energy

Base Line and EnPI Energy Review

Sustainable
Energy

(Energy Review)

(Base Line and EnPI)


(EnMS-DIW)-

(EnMS-DIW Handbook)

./ISO
50001:2011




(EnergyReview)
(BaseLineandEnPI)

2556

7
1 11
2 19
3 (Energy Review) 25
4 41
(Energy Performance Indicator; EnPI)
5 53
(Energy Baseline)
66
(Regression Analysis) 67
Microsoft Excel
83
87

(Benchmark) 97

101

1. (boundaries)
/


2. (energy)

1


2

3.
(energy baseline)

1
2
/
()
3

4. (energy consumption)

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 7
 5. (energy efficiency)

(output)
(input)
(conversion efficiency)
/ /
/


6. (energy performance)


1


2

7.
(energy performance indicator; EnPI)

EnPI

8. (energy use)

8 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
9. (scope)

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 9
 1

ISO 50001:2011
. 50001-2555 4413
(.. 2555)
- ( ./ISO
50001:2011)
(energy baseline)
(energy performance indicator; EnPI) 4.4
.4
4.4
4.4.1

.4

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 11
 4.4.2








4.4.3


.

-
-
.

-


-

-

12 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
 -

.






4.4.4

-

-

-

4.4.5

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 13


4.4.6














:
.
.
.
.

14 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
 .4
.4.1
.2

.






-
. -
- -
-
-


-

.

.2

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 15



/


( 4.4.3)
( 4.4.6)
.4.2





.4.3

16 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)


.4.4

.4.5

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 17
 .4.6

18 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
 2


3 4
1.
5 A, B,
C, D E 75,000
3
2.


Utility

1

2

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 19
 3. Conversion Factors
: 1 kWh = 3.60 MJ
: 1 = 40,070.00 MJ
LPG: 1 . = 49.30 MJ
4. .. 2554 ()


(kWh) () LPG (.)
237,597,477.32 3,769.35 1,466.98
164,372,016.07 2,643.45 1,466.98
244,233,175.24 2,800.31 1,466.98
254,353,276.97 3,265.42 977.99
255,949,138.98 3,817.46 1,466.98
207,228,460.54 4,455.36 1,955.98
218,168,638.98 3,354.46 1,466.98
241,002,957.86 2,430.53 1,955.98
243,833,957.29 3,123.13 1,466.98
232,838,115.19 2,395.49 1,955.98
207,226,401.83 2,512.00 1,955.98
202,599,050.33 3,967.00 977.99

5. .. 2554 ()
A B C D E
28,114.60 16,632.58 2,167.97 283.20 12,470.69
19,021.10 11,298.82 3,313.60 160.74 8,437.31
28,700.58 16,696.20 4,396.42 289.86 12,618.59
27,772.97 16,234.42 4,243.04 287.58 11,237.28
28,399.66 16,323.65 4,037.63 288.36 10,625.96
23,072.63 13,703.96 3,390.46 265.23 9,021.92
24,193.73 14,392.88 3,807.82 253.72 9,981.70
27,482.85 16,710.16 4,169.04 292.27 12,127.56
27,863.15 16,348.54 4,240.39 270.64 11,206.86

20 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
 A B C D E
27,122.50 16,468.34 4,242.64 275.59 10,923.62
25,502.00 16,364.00 2,682.00 219.00 9,393.00
24,119.00 12,764.00 4,389.00 200.00 8,643.00

6.
Power Unplanned

(kW / () Breakdown

MJ/hr)
P 101 Pump 5.5 2,965 10 5 5
P 104 Pump 15 3,505 10 33 5
P 105 Pump 15 6,780 4 48 4
P 106 Pump 5.5 7,398 16 19 5
P 108 Pump 30 4,099 6 37 5
P 109 Pump 30 7,049 2 7 2
P 110 Pump 18.8 3,494 2 39 2
P 111 Pump 18.8 4,737 18 8 5
P 112 Pump 11 6,081 5 21 5
P 115 Pump 11 8,066 9 49 5
P 117 Pump 250 7,552 3 36 3
P 118 Pump 250 6,283 18 46 5
P 120 Pump 55 8,543 14 4 5
P 121 Pump 55 3,468 8 14 5
P 122 Pump 55 5,821 1 7 1
P 123 Pump 30 3,449 5 37 5
P 124 Pump 30 5,476 6 20 5
P 125 Pump 45 8,478 17 24 5
P 126 Pump 45 7,884 1 47 1
P 129 Pump 45 5,862 11 38 5
P 130 Pump 132 7,804 19 46 5
P 131 Pump 132 4,175 6 18 5
AK 101 1800 7,008 20 10 5
AK 102 1350 7,008 20 10 5
AK 103 563 7,008 10 5 5

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 21
 Power Unplanned

(kW / () Breakdown

MJ/hr)
AK 104 563 7,008 10 5 5
CT 101 500 7,008 20 24 5
CH 101 1036 7,008 18 22 5
CH 102 Chiller 1036 6,600 12 5 5
CH 104 Chiller 1036 6,827 5 46 5
B 101 Boiler 15,686 8,760 20 8 5

7.
7.1 -
Parameter Measured
ID Power (kW)
Volt kW Actual
1 P118 250 384 238
2 P125 45 390 22
3 P130 132 380 65

7.2 - Cooling Tower CT 101

CWS = 29.7, 30.0, 28.8, 29.8 C
CWR = 36.0, 36.2, 34.0, 34.4 C
= 25.40 C
7.3 - Chiller
Flow ChWS ChWR Energy
ID (l/s) (C) (C) (kW)
1 CH-101 4.1 10.4 14.2 35.2
2 CH-102 3.9 11.5 15.3 28.9
3 CH-104 5.2 10.1 15.2 24.5

22 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
7.4 - (Air Compressor)

#
() (kWh) (m3/hr) (C) (atm)
AK-101 1 1,819.87 14,532.49 37.44 1
AK-102 1 1,327.78 15,006.42 34.6 1

7.5 - Boiler
115 C
9 barg 50 /.
4.4 /.
8. .. 2555
()
()

(MJ) A B C D E
750,254,631 22,897 16,331 3,955 261 9,808
815,632,586 20,014 12,814 2,801 276 10,517
986,478,245 26,054 13,733 4,068 262 11,139
795,733,832 22,312 14,963 2,431 258 10,388
761,256,893 20,368 12,572 3,140 243 10,941
598,456,214 23,907 16,280 4,096 174 11,681
972,658,962 21,987 11,652 2,208 276 10,102
695,245,698 23,594 15,743 3,135 223 12,364
654,245,698 21,297 13,945 4,366 176 8,639
921,548,756 26,825 12,720 3,640 175 10,975
769,854,789 21,870 13,463 3,650 205 8,605
813,452,681 22,118 11,381 2,846 163 8,666

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 23
 3

(ENERGY REVIEW)
4.4 4.4.3 ./ISO 50001:2011

(1)



(2)

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 25





(3)

3.1

./ISO 50001:2011



(Cooling Tower)
Makeup



3-1 (Energy Use Diagram)
3.2
3.1
3
(MJ) Conversion Factors
(MJ)
() 1

26 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)


3-2

3-1 (Energy Use Diagram)

3-2
.. 2554 4
ConversionFactors 3
: (86.33%) (13.67%)
(0.01%) LPG

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 27
 3.3
(Priority)




(kW MJ )
(
)


< 10 kW = 1
10 kW - 50 kW = 2
50 kW - 100 kW = 3
100 kW - 200 kW = 4
> 200 kW = 5


3-3



20
3-4
2 6

28 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
 3-3



1 2 3 4 5
(kW) 0 - 10.0 10.1 - 100.0 100.1 - 500.0 500.1 - 1,000.0 > 1000.0
(MJ/hr) 0 - 100.0 100.1 - 500.0 500.1 - 1,000.0 1,000.1 - 2,500.0 > 2,500.0
. (% 8,760) 0% - 60.0% 60.1% - 70.0% 70.1% - 80.0% 80.1% - 90.0% > 90.0%
() 0 - 3.0 3.1 - 6.0 6.1 - 10.0 10.1 - 15.0 > 15.0

Unplanned Breakdown 0-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 >8

() 0-1 1-2 2-5 5 - 10 >10

Lower Limit Upper Limit
1 10
10.1 15
15.1 25
25.1 125
3-4 2 6 10

(Base Line and EnPI)

3 (Energy Review)
31

29
 3-4

: Score F = roundup (((C*D*E)*5/125),0)

30 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
3.4




3






Lubricated Screw Type Air
Compressor Specific Energy Consumption 35.64 kWh/100
scfm-hr (Benchmark)
17.24kWh/100scfmhr 21.63kWh/100
scfm-hr 50.93 kWh/100 scfm-hr


AirCompressor
3-5
3-4

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 31
 3-5
3-4 10
Pump/Motor 3
P-118, P-125 P-130
AirCompressor 2
AK-101 AK-102
Cooling Tower 1
CT-101
Chiller 3 CH-101,
CH-102 CH-104
Boiler 1 B-101

Nameplate Parameter Measured %
ID kW @ Full Load %Load
Volt kW Actual
P-118 250 384 238 95.9% 91.3%
P-125 45 390 22 92.0% 45.0%
P-130 132 380 65 95.3% 46.9%

P-118 Acceptable Operating

P-125 P-130 Acceptable Short
Period

Pump

32 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
 3-5 ()
Air Compressor - Lubricated Screw
Energy Flow T P
ID() (kWh) (m3/hr) (C) (atm) (kWh/100 scfm-hr)
AK-101 1 1,819.87 14,532.49 37.44 1 22.16
AK-102 1 1,327.78 15,006.42 34.6 1 15.51

Air Compressor AK-102

AK-101 (Benchmark)
AK-102
AK-101
Cooling Tower
: CWS = 29.7, 30.0, 28.8, 29.8 C
CWR = 36.0, 36.2, 34.0, 34.4 C
= 25.40 C
%Efficiency = 57.2%
%Efficiency Cooling
Tower 70% - 75% Cooling Tower
CT-101
Chiller
Flow ChWS ChWR Energy Efficiency
ID (l/s) (C) (C) (kW) (kW/TR)
1 CH-101 4.1 10.4 14.2 35.2 1.90
2 CH-102 3.9 11.5 15.3 28.9 1.64
3 CH-104 5.2 10.1 15.2 24.5 0.78

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 33
 3-5 ()
kW/TR
.. 2552
Chiller kW/TR
0.50-0.70 Chiller CH-101 CH-102
Chiller CH-104
Boiler

9.00 barg Enthalpy , A = 2,774.9kJ/kg
115 C
Enthalpy , B = 482.3 kJ/kg
= A - B = C 2,292.60 kJ/kg
, D=50 x 8,760 x 1,000 = 438,000,000.00 kg/yr
/, C x D = E 1,004,158.8GJ/yr
, F 4.4 t/hr
Fuel Heating Value, G 40,070.00MJ/t
= F x G = I 1,544,458.08 GJ/yr
(Thermal Efficiency) = E/I x 100 = 65%
Thermal Efficiency
(av e. HFO/MFO = 74%)
Boiler B-101

34 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
 3-5 ()
10


CT-101 CH-101 CH-102 B-101

P-118
P-125 P-130 AK-101

AK-102
CH-104

3.5

(Benchmark)

Cause-and-Effect Diagram Fishbone Diagram
Ishikawa Diagram
(Effect)
/






3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 35

SEC Air Compressor
(Air Intake)
Compressor House
( 3-1)


Standard
Operating Procedures ( Cause-and-
Effect Analysis )
Best Practices
( Cause-and-Effect Analysis
)

TotalPreventiveMaintenance(TPM)
PreventiveMaintenance,Corrective
Maintenance, Maintenance Prevention Breakdown
Maintenance 4
/
( Cause-and-Effect Analysis
/)
(
Cause-and-Effect Analysis )

Compressor House
Air Intake

36 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)

Air Compressor

Compressed Air




(Value Engineering)

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 37
 3-1

38 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
3.6

3
1




AirCompressor SEC 35.64 kWh/100
scfm-hr
Process Mapping
Compressed Air
25 SEC 50% 1
SEC 17.82 kWh/100 scfm-hr


Achievable SMART

2
(Benchmark)
Air Compressor
(21.63kWh/100scfm-hr)

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 39



3
(Driver)
3-2 1
2



(Control-ability)

3-2 (Driver)

40 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
 4

(ENERGY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR; ENPI)

4.1
(Energy
Performance Indicator; EnPI)


EnPI EnPI

EnPI EnPI

EnPI




EnPI

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 41

.. 2552 3
(1)



(2)


(Specific energy consumption, SEC)

(3)



EnPI

EnPI EnPI


EnPI


4.2
EnPI

42 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
 (Energy Baseline, EnB)

(SEU)


(Boundary) EnPI


(Static
Factors) EnPI
4.2.1 (Boundary) EnPI
EnPI

4-1 EnPI
4-1 3

PUMP/MOTOR 3 P-118,
P-125 P-130
AIR COMPRESSOR 2 AK-101
AK-102
COOLING TOWER 1
CT-101
CHILLER 3 CH-101, CH-102
CH-104
BOILER 1 B-101
EnPI
SEU 10

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 43



4-2 EnPI
4-2
EnPI



4-3 EnPI

4-3
5
2 A

A
A
4.2.2 SEU
EnPI
EnPI
SEU EnPI
3.1 - 3.3
3-1 3-3
4.2.3 EnPI
SEU
EnPI

44 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)

4-1
Boiler
3
Driver Energy Baseline
Controlled Parameters Procedure

Monitored Parameters Procedure

4-1 Boiler
Factors Affecting Significant Energy Uses
Equipment/System: Boiler
Energy Type: Thermal-NG

Factor Parameters Driver Controlled Parameters/Values Monitored Parameters/Values

(Y/N) Values LL UL Unit Value LL UL Unit
1 Steam Demand Steamflow rate Y 110.0 45.0 110.0 ton/hr
2 Steam Steam Pressure N 116.0 111.0 117.0 barg
Conditions Steam Temp. N 520.0 500.0 530.0 o
C
3 Fuel Properties/ Type of fuel N
Conditions Fuel flow rate N 1.2 0.5 1.3 ton/hr
4 Combustion % Excess O2 N 1.2 1.0 3.0 %
Conditions Induced Draft Fan N
Forced Draft Fan N
5 Stack Loss Stack Temperature N 145.0 140.0 175.0 o
C
%CO2 N
6 Shell loss Shell Temperature N
7 Blow down Loss % Blow down N 2.0 0.5 3.0 ton/hr
TDS N
8 Condensate Condensate
Return Rate Flow rate N
9 Air Preheater Cold side outlet N 75.0 70 90.0 o
C
temp
10 Economizer Cold side outlet N 150.0 145.0 150.0 o
C
temp
11 Deaerator Temperature N 120.0 115.0 120.0 o
C
12 Equipment Stack-Fouling N 2.0 1.0 3.0
Condition Tube - Surface N
Fouling

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 45

(Linear Plot)
4-2
p-Value
p-Value 0.05
p-Value ( 0.05)
( p-Value )
4-4 p-Value A - E

(Trend Line)

12

()

()

46 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
 ()

1

4-2

4.2.4 (Static Factors) EnPI

(Static Factors)

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 47
 4-4
p-Value A, B, C, D E


2 4 5
A B C D E
.. 2554 (TJ) ()
1,006.5 28,114.60 16,632.58 2,167.97 283.20 12,470.69
697.7 19,021.10 11,298.82 3,313.60 160.74 8,437.31
991.5 28,700.58 16,696.20 4,396.42 289.86 12,618.59
1,046.6 27,772.97 16,234.42 4,243.04 287.58 11,237.28
1,074.5 28,399.66 16,323.65 4,037.63 288.36 10,625.96
924.6 23,072.63 13,703.96 3,390.46 265.23 9,021.92
919.9 24,193.73 14,392.88 3,807.82 253.72 9,981.70
965.1 27,482.85 16,710.16 4,169.04 292.27 12,127.56
1,003.0 27,863.15 16,348.54 4,240.39 270.64 11,206.86
934.3 27,122.50 16,468.34 4,242.64 275.59 10,923.62
846.8 25,502.00 16,364.00 2,682.00 219.00 9,393.00
888.4 24,119.00 12,764.00 4,389.00 200.00 8,643.00
p-Value 0.00010 0.00455 0.35739 0.00005 0.01004

p-Value C ( 0.05)
C
A, B, D E
(Energy Baseline Equation) 5 C

Boiler
Boiler
%Load

48 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)


4.2.5 EnPI

EnPI EnPI

EnPI

EnPI
2


EnPI %


EnPI EnPI 4-2
EnPI 4-3

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 49
 50
4-2 EnPI

(Measured Value)
peak demand

(Energy Review)
kWh/
(Ratio) Baseload KWh/ . .

(Base Line and EnPI)

2
Regression


 4-3 EnPI

EnPI

EER
% Load
Pump % Efficiency
Air Compressor kWh/100 scfm-hr kW/(l/s)
(Chiller) kW/TR
(Cooling Tower) % Efficiency
Refrigeration System Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Boiler % Efficiency (direct or indirect)
Furnace % Net Thermal Efficiency

(Benchmark)

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 51
 5

(ENERGY BASELINE)
(Energy Baseline,
EnB) (Reference)
EnB

EnB EnPI 4
EnPI
(Baseline Period) (Performance
Period) EnPI Baseline Period Performance
Period
5.1

ISO 50001:2011

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 53



1


1
1



1

4 - 6

5-1
5-1
2

1

.. 2554

54 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
5.2
EnPI

EnPI
EnPI EnB



EnB
Boiler



(Mean) (Standard Deviation)
2.5
Standard Deviation
(Normal Distribution)
1.2
5-2

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 55
 5-2
Standard Deviation (SD)
.. 2554
A B C D E
.. 2554 (TJ) ()
1,006.5 28,114.60 16,632.58 2,167.97 283.20 12,470.69
697.7 19,021.10 11,298.82 3,313.60 160.74 8,437.31
991.5 28,700.58 16,696.20 4,396.42 289.86 12,618.59
1,046.6 27,772.97 16,234.42 4,243.04 287.58 11,237.28
1,074.5 28,399.66 16,323.65 4,037.63 288.36 10,625.96
924.6 23,072.63 13,703.96 3,390.46 265.23 9,021.92
919.9 24,193.73 14,392.88 3,807.82 253.72 9,981.70
965.1 27,482.85 16,710.16 4,169.04 292.27 12,127.56
1,003.0 27,863.15 16,348.54 4,240.39 270.64 11,206.86
934.3 27,122.50 16,468.34 4,242.64 275.59 10,923.62
846.8 25,502.00 16,364.00 2,682.00 219.00 9,393.00
888.4 24,119.00 12,764.00 4,389.00 200.00 8,643.00
SD 96.54 2,767.16 1,756.72 693.83 40.31 1,402.44
941.58 25,947.06 15,328.13 3,756.67 257.18 10,557.29
+2.5SD 1,182.91 32,864.97 19,719.92 5,491.23 357.95 14,063.39

+ 2.5 Standard Deviation

5.3 (Energy Baseline Equation)

EnB
Baseline
2

56 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)


5.3.1
Baseline 3
5.3.1.1 Linear
(1)
y

1

: y = mx + b

Microsoft Excel
5-3 Linear
(2) (0, 0)
1 0
: y = mx

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 57
 (3) Dominate

1 y


(Plastic Extrusion)
Waste Steam Trap

: y = mx + b

58 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
(4)
1
Heat Recovery
5.3.1.2 Non-Linear
(1)

1



: y = {(m1f1 + m1f2 + m1f3 ) x} + c f1, f2, f3,

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 59
 (2)

priority
operate
: y = [1 - exp (-k x)] (m x + c)

m =
c = y extrapolate y
k =

60 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
(3)
(Arc Furnace for Steel)
y = m x+ b

(4)

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 61
 5-3

1

62 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
5.3.2
1

1
Baseline


Baseline


Microsoft
Excel
5.4 Baseline
(Regression Analysis)
Internal Performance
Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP)
Baseline 0.75
Baseline
Baseline 1 5-3 R = 0.7293 2

IPMVP
Baseline 4 -4 ( 76)
R2= 0.9624 IPMVP
Baseline 4

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 63
 5.5
EnPI
Baseline Period Performance Period

(Static Factors) 5-1

Baseline Period Performance
(Reporting) Period

Baseline Baseline Period

(X) Performance (Reporting) Period



5-4

5-1

64 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)
 5-4
.. 2555 ( 2)
Baseline -4
Energy = 0.04106 A - 0.03744 B + 1.72358 D - 0.02179 E + 236.90294
() (TJ)
.. 2554 A B D E
22,897 16,331 261 9,808 750.25 801.70 -51.44
20,014 12,814 276 10,517 815.63 825.42 -9.79
26,054 13,733 262 11,139 986.48 1,001.32 -14.84
22,312 14,963 258 10,388 795.73 811.09 -15.36
20,368 12,572 243 10,941 761.26 782.90 -21.64
23,907 16,280 174 11,681 598.46 654.32 -55.86
21,987 11,652 276 10,102 972.66 958.98 13.68
23,594 15,743 223 12,364 695.25 731.15 -35.90
21,297 13,945 176 8,639 654.25 704.31 -50.06
26,825 12,720 175 10,975 921.55 924.53 -2.98
21,870 13,463 205 8,605 769.85 796.61 -26.75
22,118 11,381 163 8,666 813.45 811.03 2.42
.. 2555 .. 2554 -268.53

3 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI) 65


1. ISO 50001, Energy management systems - Requirements

with guidance for use.
2. ISO TC 242 N 120, Measuring Energy Performance using
Energy Baselines and Energy Performance Indicators -
General Principles and Guideance.

66 (Energy Review)
(Base Line and EnPI)

(Regression Analysis)
Microsoft Excel

67
 -1 Microsoft Excel
(Regression Analysis)
Microsoft Excel
(Regression Analysis)
Data Analysis Function

Data Analysis Function
Microsoft Excel Data Data Analysis
( -1) Microsoft Excel
web site Microsoft http://office.microsoft.
com/en-us/excel-help/load-the-analysis-toolpak-HP010021569.aspx
Data
Data Analysis Function

-1 Data Analysis Function

68
-2 p-Value
( 4.2.3 4-4)
(Regression Analysis) Microsoft Excel
p-Value

4.2.3 4-4
p-Value


Microsoft Excel 12
-2
A, B, C, D E
(.. 2554)

-2 A, B, C, D E
(.. 2554)

69
 Data Analysis Function Data
Microsoft Excel Data Analysis Selection Box
Side bar Regression OK

Microsoft Excel Regression Data Entry Box

Input Y Range
Y (Cells B3 B14)

70
 Input X Range
X p-Value
A Cells C3
C14)
Regression Data Entry Box

OK
Microsoft Excel Worksheet
p-Value
A p-Value
0.000100161 ( -3)


p-Value
0.05

71
72

p-Value
-3 (Regression Analysis)
-3 (Energy Baseline Equation)
(Linear Plot)
Microsoft Excel
(Linear) (Non-Linear)
exponential, logarithmic, polynomial, power moving average

R2

Microsoft Excel -2
A, B, C, D, E
(.. 2554)


Cells B3 B14
control Cells H3 H14

73
 scattered plot insert
scatter
scatter

Microsoft Excel

Microsoft Excel

74
 Add Trendline

Microsoft
Office 2010
Format
Trendline Side
Window

o L i n e a r
Trendline Options
o Display Equation
on chart
Display R-squared
Value on chart
Microsoft Excel R 2

scatter -4
R 0.75
2

75
 o
o 1

-4 R2

-4 (Energy Baseline Equation)

(Regression Analysis)

Data Analysis Function
Microsoft Excel -1
p-Value
-2 Microsoft Excel 2

Microsoft Excel
Column control

Microsoft Excel 16

76

p-Value
p-Value ( -2)
p-Value
(Energy Baseline Equation)
X Column
(.. 2554)
p-Value
C (0.35739)
4 (A, B, D E)
-5 Microsoft Excel 4

-5

77
 Data Analysis Function Data
Microsoft Excel Data Analysis Selection Box
Side bar Regression OK

Microsoft Excel Regression Data Entry Box

Input Y Range
Y (Cells B3 B14)

78
 Input X Range
X
Cells C3 C14, D3 D14,E3 E14 F3 F14,
Regression Data Entry Box
-6
OK
Microsoft Excel Worksheet
( -7)
o X Variable 1, 2, 3 4

* X Variable 1 A

-6 Regression Data Entry Box

79
 * X Variable 2 B
* X Variable 3 D
* X Variable 4 E
o column
Coefficients
* A = 0.041059
* B = - 0.037444
* D = 1.723583
* E = - 0.021787
o Y-Intercept column Coefficients
Intercept 236.902944
o (Energy Baseline Equation)

(.. 2554)

Energy = 0.04106 A - 0.03744 B + 1.72358 D - 0.02179 E + 236.90294

-7 (Regression Analysis)

80
 R2

-7 (Regression Analysis)

81
82


 CONVERSION FACTORS
()
ENERGY CONTENT OF FUEL (NET CALORIFIC VALUE)

/ / /
/
() TYPE (UNIT)

kcal/UNIT toe/10 UNI MJ/UNIT 10 Btu/UNIT
6 3

COMMERCIAL ENERGY
1. () 8680 860.00 36.33 34.44 1. CONDENSATE (litre)
2. () 7900 782.72 33.07 31.35 2. NATURAL GAS
3. 3. WET (scf.)
3.1 () 248 24.57 1.04 0.98 3.1 DRY (scf.)
3.2 () 244 24.18 1.02 0.97 3.2 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
4. 4. LPG (litre)
4.1 () 6360 630.14 26.62 25.24 4.1 GASOLINE (litre)
4.2 () 7520 745.07 31.48 29.84 4.2 JET FUEL (litre)
4.3 () 8250 817.40 34.53 32.74 4.3 KEROSENE (litre)
4.4 () 8250 817.40 34.53 32.74 4.4 DIESEL (litre)
4.5 () 8700 861.98 36.42 34.52 4.5 FUEL OIL (litre)
4.6 () 9500 941.24 39.77 37.70 4.6 BITUMEN (litre)
4.7 () 9840 974.93 41.19 39.05 4.7 PETROLEUM COKE (litre)
4.8 (.) 8400 832.26 35.16 33.33 4.8 ELECTRICITY (kWh)
5. () 860 85.21 3.60 3.41 5. HYDROELECTRIC (kWh)
6. () 2236 221.54 9.36 8.87 6. GEOTHERMAL (kWh)
7. 9500 941.24 39.77 37.70 7. COAL IMPORT (kg.)
()
8. (.) 6300 624.19 26.37 25.00 8. COAL IMPORT (kg.)
9. (.) 6600 653.92 27.63 26.19 9. COKE (kg.)
10. (.) 7500 743.09 31.40 29.76 10. ANTHRACITE (kg)
11. (.) 11203 1110.05 46.89 44.45 11. ETHANE (kg.)
12. (.) 11256 1115.34 47.11 44.67 12. PROPANE (kg.)
13. 13. LIGNITE
13.1 (.) 4400 435.94 18.42 17.46 13.1 LI (kg.)
13.2 (.) 2600 257.60 10.88 10.32 13.2 KRABI (kg.)
13.3 (.) 2500 247.70 10.47 9.92 13.3 MAE MOH (kg.)
13.4 (.) 3610 357.67 15.11 14.32 13.4 CHAE KHON (kg.)

84
 /
/ / /
() TYPE (UNIT)

kcal/UNIT toe/106UNI MJ/UNIT 103Btu/UNIT
1. (.) 3820 378.48 15.99 15.16 1. FUEL WOOD (kg.)
2. (.) 6900 683.64 28.88 27.38 2. CHARCOAL (kg.)
3. (.) 3440 340.83 14.40 13.65 3. PADDY HUSK (kg.)
4. (.) 1800 178.34 7.53 7.14 4. BAGASSE (kg.)
5. (.) 1160 114.93 4.86 4.60 5. GARBAGE (kg.)
6. (.) 2600 257.60 10.88 10.32 6. SAW DUST (kg.)
7. 3030 300.21 12.68 12.02 7. AGRICULTURAL WASTE (kg.)
(.)
8. () 5000 495.39 20.93 19.84 8. BIOGAS (m3)

GENERAL
1 (kcal) = 4186 (joules)
= 3.968 (Btu)
1 (toe) = 10.093 (Gcal)
= 42.244 (GJ)
= 40.047 x 106 (Btu)
1 (barrel) = 158.99 (litres)
1 (cu.m. of solid wood) = 600 (kg.)
1 (kg. of charcoal) = 250 (kg.)
5 (kg. of fuel wood) = 1 (kg. of charcoal product)
1 (litre of LPG) = 495.39 (kg.)

85


 1) (Transformer)

1. (Clamp On Power Meter)
2. (Power Meter Recorder)


MDB

(LF: Load
Factor)

88
2) (Pump)

1. (Clamp On Power Meter)

2. (Ultrasonic Flow Meter)

1. (kw)
2. (usGPM)

89
 3) (Fan & Blower)

1. (Clamp On Power Meter)
2. (Vane Anemometer)
3.

90
4) (Lighting)

1. (LUX Meter)
2.

(Lux meter)

91
 (LUX)
()





5) (Refrigerator)

1. (Clamp On Power Meter)
2. (Pressure Gaunge)

92


6) (Air Condition System)

(Chiller)

1. (Clamp On Power Meter)

2. (Ultrasonic Flow Meter)
3. (Thermometer)

Manual Automatic

93
 (Cooling Load)

(Package/Split Type)

1. (Clamp On Power Meter)
2. (Vane Anemometer)
3. / (Thermometer /%RH Meter)
4.

94


/

(Cooling Tower )

1. (Clamp On Power Meter)

2. (Ultrasonic Flow Meter)
3. (Thermometer)

95


/



7) (Air Compressor)

1. (Clamp On Power Meter)
2. (Vane Anemometer)
3.

96


(Benchmark)


Air Compressors
Specific Energy Consumption
Compressor Type Capacity (cfm) (kWh/100 scfm-hour)
Worst Average Best
Centrifugal Up to 5,000 23.96 19.66 17.43
Lubricated Reciprocating 100 - 500 46.63 24.05 15.98
500 - 4,000 22.40 18.15 15.96
Lubricated Screw 100 - 2,000 50.93 21.63 17.24
Non-Lubricated Screw 600 - 2,000 24.37 20.59 18.00

98
 (Chiller)

(

)
()
1.12-0.95
1.88-0.75

0.70-0.60

300 0.67-0.54

300 0.61-0.50

(Cooling Tower)
70 - 75 %
Boiler

99


 ()
(Base Line and EnPI)

1. (Energy Review)
()
109,820,695
Utility
(Energy Use Diagram) -1

()

Utility


Plug load

(Chilled Water)

(Cooling Water)

-1 (Energy Use Diagram)

102
 . 2555
-1 (Energy
Baseline) 2555 8,849,088 kWh/
100
-1 2555

() (kWh)
12,630,217 895,680
12,629,624 883,584
15,012,638 946,944
11,107,248 836,208
14,910,852 977,616
15,020,440 937,224
11,777,369 835,056
5,847,078 648,720
2,054,982 407,304
4,182,207 576,504
2,470,433 531,288
2,177,608 372,960
109,820,695 8,849,088

103
 -1
3


20
-2 -3

-2
1 2 3 4 5
(kWh) 0-30 30.01-50 50.01-80 80.01-120 > 120

% 8,760 0-20% 20.01-30% 30.01-40% 40.01-50% > 50%

() 0-1 1.01-5 5.01-10 10.01-25 > 25

Lower Limit Upper Limit

1 5

5.01 10

10.01 15

> 15

104
 -3
(A) (B)
/ (C)
Score Hrs/year % of Score (A) x (B) x (C)
(E or T) (kW) 8760 hrs Years Score

1 CHILLER E 105 4 8,640 98.6% 5 2 2 40 H

2 Cooling Tower E 5.5 1 8,640 98.6% 5 2 2 10 L

3 E 37.8 2 4,320 49.3% 4 8 3 24 H
()
4 AIR CONDITION E 27 1 4,320 49.3% 4 8 3 12 M

5 Com 1 E 37 2 4,320 49.3% 4 11 4 32 H

6 Com 2 E 37 2 4,320 49.3% 4 11 4 32 H

7 1 E 5 1 8,640 98.6% 5 10 3 15 M

8 2 E 5 1 8,640 98.6% 5 10 3 15 M

9 3 E 5 1 8,640 98.6% 5 10 3 15 M

105
106
-3 ()
(A) (B)

/ (C)
Score Hrs/year % of Score (A) x (B) x (C)
(E or T) (kW) 8760 hrs Years Score

10 4 E 5 1 8,640 98.6% 5 10 3 15 M

11 5 E 5 1 8,640 98.6% 5 10 3 15 M

12 6 E 5 1 8,640 98.6% 5 10 3 15 M

13 7 E 5 1 8,640 98.6% 5 10 3 15 M

14 8 E 5 1 8,640 98.6% 5 10 3 15 M

15 9 E 5 1 8,640 98.6% 5 10 3 15 M

16 10 E 5 1 8,640 98.6% 5 10 3 15 M

: E
T
 -3
4
11 1

(Chiller) 1
2 Com 1 Com 2
() 1

1
2

/
1.
1 150

( Data Logger)
(minute), (Volt), (Amp),
(kW), (kWh) (P.F)
(dm3/s)

1
.. 2552
-4

107
 1
ChP
kW/TR
P kW
mw
dm3/s
Cp 4.187 kJ/kg C
t1 C
t2 C
-4
Parameter
t1(C) 10.7
t2(C) 7.6
mw (dm3/s) 27.66
P (kW) 175.9
Tons of refrigerator (TR) TRH(Ton) 101.83
kw/TR 1.73

1.73 (kW/TR)
.. 2552

108
( -5) 1.12-0.95 kW/TR




-5 (kW/TR)


(
() )
1.12-0.95
1.88-0.75

0.70-0.60

300 0.67-0.54

300 0.61-0.50

2.
2 Com1 Com2
2 37 kW

Com1 Com1

-2

109

(Electricity Data Logger)
(minute), (Volt), (Amp), (kW),
(kWh) (P.F)
(m3/min)

(Benchmark) ( -7)
2 -6
-6 Com1 Com 2

Com 1 Com 2
Time 20 59 minutes
% Load 96.67 100 %
Inlet Flowrate, Q1 41.02 35.66 cfm
Pressure, P1 1.00 1.00 atm
Temperature, T1 544.49 544.19 Degree of Rankine
Energy Consumption 8.13 23.04 kWh
: cfm = Cubic Feet per Minute

( 2)
(Inlet Flow rate) cfm SCFM
(Standard Cubic Feet per Minute) (T) = 527.69 oR 20 oC
(P) =1 atm

110
 PV = nRT 2

P
Q P2Q2
1 1
3
T1 T2
Q2 , scfm
Q1 , cfm
T2 , oR
T1 , oR
1 atm
Q2 = (T2Q1)/T1 4
Com 1 ( -7) Q1 = 41.02 cfm,
T1 = 544.49 R, T2 = 527.69 R 4
39.75 scfm
Q2 = (527.69 x 41.02) / 544.49
Q2 = 39.75 scfm

= 20 = 0.33 hr

kWh/100 scfm-hour
=

= 39.75 8.13 kWh

scfm x 0.33 hr
kWh
= 0.62 scfm - hr

111
 kWh
= 62 100 scfm - hr
Com2
Com1 2
Com1 Com2 62.00 kWh/100 scfm-hour 68.00
kWh/100 scfm-hour

(Lubricated Screw) ( -7)
Com1 Com2 (21.63kWh/100
scfm-hour)
( -3)
-7 (Benchmark)
(kWh/100 scfm-hour)
Specific Energy Consumption
Capacity
Compressor Type (kWh/100 scfm-hour)
(cfm)
Worst Average Best
Centrifugal Up to 5,000 23.96 19.66 17.43

Lubricated Reciprocating 100 - 500 46.63 24.05 15.98

500 - 4,000 22.40 18.15 15.96

Lubricated Screw 100 - 2,000 50.93 21.63 17.24

Non-Lubricated Screw 600 - 2,000 24.37 20.59 18.00

: The Department of the environment, Transport and the Regions energy efficient best practice
programme

112
 -3 : Specific Energy Consumption

113

1.

= 150 TR
= 24 /
= 360 /
= 3.50 /kWh

= 1.73 kW/TR
= kW/TR x TR x
x
= 1.73 kW/TR x 150 TR x 24 hr/day
x 360 days/year
= 2,242,080 kWh/year


1.12 kW/TR ( -5)
= kW/TR x TR x
x
= 1.12 kW/TR x 150 TR x 24 hr/day
x 360 days/year
= 1,451,520 kWh/year

114

= -

= 2,242,080 - 1,451,520 kWh/year
= 790,560 kWh/year
= 790,560 (kWh/year) x 3.50 (/kWh)
= 2,766,960

() = 4,000,000
= 1.44
2.

Com1 Com2

62 68 kWh/100scfm-hr

% 96.67 100 %

360 360 day

24 24 hr

3.5 3.5 Baht/kWh

1.641 1.338 m3/min

57.94 47.24 scfm

115
 Com1 Com2

35.92 32.12 kWh/hr

300,037.57 277,544.45 kWh/

577,582.02 kWh/

21.63 kWh/100 scfm-hr ( -7)

Com1 Com2

21.63 21.63 kWh/100scfm-hr

% 96.67 100 %

360 360 day

24 24 hr

3.5 3.5 Baht/kWh

1.641 1.338 m3/min

57.94 47.24 scfm

12.53 10.22 kWh/hr

104,674.40 88,283.62 kWh/

192,958.02 kWh/

116

=

= 577,582.02 - 192,958.02 kWh/
= 384,624.00 kWh/
= 384,624 (kWh/) x 3.50 (/kWh)
= 1,346,184 /

() 1,638,000
1.22

117
118
(Energy Management Action Plan)

(kWh/)


(/) () ()

1.
.. .. 2,242,080 1,451,520 2,766,960 4,000,000 1.44

2.
.. .. 577,582 192,958 1,346,184 1,638,000 1.22

 2. (Energy Baseline)
( -1)

Microsoft excel ( -3)

-4

-4

- 4

Y = mX + b
Y = 0.04 X + 371,309.13
(kWh/) = 0.04 x (/)
+ 371,309.13
5

119
 5 Baseline

5
Slope m 0.04
(Specific Energy Consumption: SEC)



R2
0.75 1
R2 5 0.963
0.75 (0.7-0.8
= ; 0.8-0.9 = ; 0.9-1.0 = ) 5


y intercept b
base load 5 base load
371,309.13 kWh/ 50.35
base load

base load


start up


120
 3. (Energy Performance
Indicator, EnPI)
(EnPI)

3
(Measured values of energy
consumption)
(Ratios)
(Model based indicators
(i.e., regression or engineering models/simulations)
EnPI
EnPI
1. Baseline

2.
5
3.
4. Baseline
(Business-
as-usual, BAU)
5.
(5) 4

121
 6.
( 3)
7. ( 6)
( 5)
+

-

EnPI

5 (.. 2555)
Baseline
5
(kWh/ ) = 0.04 x ( / )
+ 371,309.13
( -8)
13,514,332.19

Baseline = (0.04 x 13,514,332.19) + 371,309.13
= 911,882.42 kWh
(Business-as-usual)
13,514,332.19 911,882.42 kWh
5
866,288.30 kWh

122
 = Baseline (100% - 5%)
= 911,882.42 x 95%
= 866,288.30 kWh
-8




.. 2556 Baseline (1) (2)

(/) (kWh/) (kWh/) (kWh/)
(2) - (1) (kWh)
13,514,332.19 911,882.42 866,288.30 907,766.40 41,478.10
13,513,697.68 911,857.04 866,264.19 896,912.32 30,648.13
16,063,522.66 1,013,850.04 963,157.53 1,008,005.12 44,847.59
11,884,755.36 846,699.34 804,364.38 831,483.84 27,119.46
15,954,611.64 1,009,493.60 959,018.92 1,008,063.68 49,044.76
16,071,870.80 1,014,183.96 963,474.76 918,479.52 -44,995.24
12,601,784.83 875,380.52 831,611.50 798,354.88 -33,256.62
6,256,373.46 621,564.07 590,485.86 545,745.60 -44,740.26
2,198,830.74 459,262.36 436,299.24 369,157.92 -67,141.32
4,474,961.49 550,307.59 522,792.21 504,973.92 -17,818.29
2,643,363.31 477,043.66 453,191.48 420,662.24 -32,529.24
2,330,040.56 464,510.75 441,285.21 435,500.80 -5,784.41
Total 9,156,035.35 8,698,233.58 8,645,106.24 -53,127.34

-8
(+)

(-)
( -5)

123
 -5

-5

() ()

124