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Title: The Life of Cardinal Wolsey
Author: George Cavendish
Editor: Samuel Weller Singer
Release Date: January 23, 2017 [EBook #54043]
Language: English
Character set encoding: UTF-8
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[Illustration: QUEEN ANNE BOLEYN.

ENGRAVED BY E. SCRIVEN, AFTER
THE ORIGINAL PICTURE BY HOLBEIN.
_London, Published Jan. 1, 1825, by Harding, Triphook & Lepard._]

THE
LIFE
OF
CARDINAL WOLSEY.
BY
GEORGE CAVENDISH,
HIS GENTLEMAN USHER.
 FROM THE ORIGINAL AUTOGRAPH MANUSCRIPT.
WITH
NOTES AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS,
BY
SAMUEL WELLER SINGER, F.S.A.
[Illustration]
_SECOND EDITION._
LONDON:
PRINTED BY THOMAS DAVISON,
FOR HARDING AND LEPARD, PALL MALL EAST.
MDCCCXXVII.

[Illustration]

TO HIS GRACE
THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE,
THIS REVIVAL OF A MOST INTERESTING
SPECIMEN OF COTEMPORARY BIOGRAPHY,
BY HIS COLLATERAL ANCESTOR
GEORGE CAVENDISH,
IS WITH PERMISSION DEDICATED
BY HIS GRACE'S OBLIGED AND
OBEDIENT HUMBLE SERVANT,
S. W. SINGER.

PREFACE.

Perhaps few periods of English history are more remarkable than that
which comprised the fortunes of Wolsey; a period which had to boast
the most illustrious potentates who have ever filled the thrones of
Europe. The age of Henry was also that of Leo, of Charles, and of
Francis:--a period big with political events of singular interest:--the
captivity of the French monarch and of the Roman Pontiff,--the
sacking of Rome,--the divorce of Queen Katherine,--and the train of
circumstances which led the way to the Reformation,--Events in which
Wolsey's hand may be often traced, and in some of which he was a
principal actor. The record of his life and its vicissitudes,--his
humble origin--his towering fortunes, and his sudden fall,--could not
well fail of interesting even in ordinary hands:--But he has been
extremely fortunate in his biographer. The narrative contained in the
following pages, of course, only affords a glance at these events; it
is not the work of a professed historiographer, but the production
of a simple-hearted and honest eyewitness of what he relates. George
Cavendish was the faithful attendant of this princely prelate in his
triumphant as well as in his declining fortunes:--One who failed him
not in his adversity, but shed over his fallen master the tears of
affection, performed for him the last sad offices of humanity, and then
in his retirement sat down with honest indignation to vindicate him
from slander, and to transmit to future ages a faithful picture of his
life, with a sacred regard to truth.
It is this circumstance which renders his work so much more interesting
than any thing of a similar kind with which I am acquainted. We are
here occasionally introduced to the secret recesses of the private
life of one of the most distinguished statesmen the world ever saw; of
one who not only divided the sway of empire with his monarch, but who
governed or influenced the conduct alternately of France and Spain;
whose power for a time was almost unlimited, and whose magnificence has
never been exceeded.
There is a sincere and impartial adherence to truth, a reality in
Cavendish's narrative, which bespeaks the confidence of his reader, and
very much increases his pleasure. It is a work without pretension, but
full of natural eloquence, devoid of the formality of a set rhetorical
composition, unspoiled by the affectation of that _classical manner_
in which all biography and history of old time was prescribed to be
written, and which often divests such records of the attraction to be
found in the conversational style of Cavendish. There is an unspeakable
charm in the navet of his language--his occasional appeals to his
reader--and the dramatic form of his narration, in which he gives the
very words of the interlocutors, and a lively picture of their actions,
making us as it were spectators of the scenes he describes. Indeed
our great poet has literally followed him in several passages of his
King Henry VIII. merely putting his language into verse. Add to this
the historical importance of the work, as the only sure and authentic
source of information upon many of the most interesting events of
that reign; from which all historians have largely drawn, (through
the secondary medium of Holinshed and Stowe, who adopted Cavendish's
narrative,) and its intrinsic value need not be more fully expressed.
Upon the death of the Cardinal his master, Cavendish relates that the
king gave him the same appointment, of Gentleman Usher, in his service,
which he had filled in the household of Wolsey: yet at the close of
his work he tells us that he returned to his own home in the country.
Whether his retirement was only temporary, or whether he then took his
final leave of the court, we have no exact means of ascertaining. In
his poems he does not mention having served the king, yet dwells upon
his faithful services to the Cardinal; but the information he displays
upon the principal subsequent events of the reign of Henry, and that
of Edward VI. seems to lead to the conclusion that he was a spectator
of them. In retirement he would have hardly been able to obtain
the acquaintance with public affairs which his poems show that he
possessed. The circumstance of his sitting down to write in the reign
of Philip and Mary[1], "to eschewe all ociosite," would seem to point
to that as the period of his retirement, or otherwise his conscience
had long slumbered before it accused him that his "tyme he spent in
idelnes."
The fate of this Life of Wolsey has been indeed singularly unfortunate;
after remaining in manuscript nearly a century, it was first printed in
1641, for party purposes, but in such a garbled form as to be hardly
recognized for the same work, abridgment and interpolation having
been used with an unsparing hand. Its author too had been robbed of
his literary honours, which were bestowed upon his younger and more
fortunate brother Sir William Cavendish, until the year 1814, when
his cause was ably advocated in a Dissertation by the Rev. Joseph
Hunter, F.A.S. author of the History of Hallamshire. I am indebted
to the kind intervention of my friend J. H. Markland, Esq. for the
privilege of reprinting that Dissertation, which the reader will find
at the commencement of the volume, and will, I doubt not, be gratified
in the perusal. It affords the best example of clear argumentative
solution of a literary paradox from circumstantial evidence with which
I am acquainted, at the same time it is so skilfully interwoven with
curious matter bearing upon the question, as not only to divest it of
the sterile character with which disquisitions of the same kind from
less able hands have been marked, but to render it very interesting. I
owe Mr. Hunter my best acknowledgements for the ready manner in which
the favour was conferred, and I look to have the thanks of those, who
are yet unacquainted with it, for uniting this tract with the work of
George Cavendish, from which it should never again be disjoined. For
all that relates to the Life of Wolsey and its author, therefore, I
shall beg leave to refer to this source of information; and it will
only remain for me to give an account of the present edition.
Having purchased two valuable ancient manuscript copies of the work,
one of them from among the duplicates of the late Duke of Norfolk's
library[2], I conceived that the text might be very much improved
by collation of these and the several manuscripts in private and
public libraries. Upon naming the design to my friend Mr. Douce, he
mentioned to me a very curious copy in the possession of Mr. Lloyd,
which contained some verses apparently by the same author, and which
from this circumstance might have some claim to be considered the
author's original autograph. Upon application to that gentleman, he,
with a liberality which calls for my warmest thanks, immediately
placed the manuscript in my hands. I at once saw that its pretensions
were undoubted, and that it contained not only a more valuable text
of the Life, but a series of poems, evidently in the hand writing of
the author, with occasional corrections and interlineations, and thus
attested:--"_per le Auctor_ G. C." in numerous places. On the first
blank leaf is written in the same hand with the body of the manuscript,
"_Vincit qui patitur_ q^d G. C. _Maxima vindicta paciencia_;" and then
"Cavendysh de Cavendysh in Com. Suff. gent." and beneath, "I began
this booke the 4. day of Novemb^r." On the reverse of the same leaf is
another Latin sentence and the motto of Cavendish, _Cavendo tutus_.
On a succeeding blank leaf is the name of a former possessor, C.
Rossington[3], under which is written in another hand, "i. e. Clement
Rossington of Dronfield, Gent. whose son Mr. James Rossington gave
me this MS." It is remarkable that it should have passed into the
possession of a person in Derbyshire. Those who have made Sir William
Cavendish the author would have seized upon this circumstance with
avidity as lending colour to their assertion, and would probably have
argued that the initials G. C. by which _George_ Cavendish has attested
it as his production in so many places, were intended to designate
_Gulielmus_ Cavendish. Mr. Hunter has, however, settled the question
beyond the possibility of dispute; it is sufficient to remark here that
Sir William Cavendish died in 1557, and that this manuscript affords
unequivocal evidence that the writer survived Queen Mary, who died at
the close of 1558. Unfortunately the first leaf of the text of the Life
is wanting. At the end of the Author's Address to his Book, with which
the poems conclude, is the date of the completion of the manuscript,
which will be found on the plate of fac-similes:
_Finie et compil le xxiiij jour de Junij._
_A^o. Regnor. Philippi Rex & Regine Marie iiij^{to}. & v^{to}._
_Per le Auctor G. C._
Novus Rex, nova lex, Nova sola Regina, probz. pene ruina.
This invaluable acquisition made me at once change my plan, and
proceed earnestly to the work of transcription; feeling convinced
that all other manuscripts were, in comparison, of little authority,
I determined to follow this, as most entitled to confidence. Upon
comparing it with my own manuscript copies and the text of Dr.
Wordsworth, I found that it supplied the chasm which, for some unknown
reason, is found in all the manuscripts that have come under my notice.
The suppressed passages contain the description of a boar hunt, and
an account of the libels written against Wolsey by the French[4]; the
imperfection is generally indicated by a blank space being left, which
in Mr. Douce's MS. is accompanied by a note saying, "in this vacante
place there wanteth copy." It was at first my intention to give various
readings, but upon closer comparison I found this would have
been impracticable, because the text, as it appears in Dr. Wordsworth's
edition and in the common manuscript copies, has been almost entirely
rewritten; changes in the structure of the phrase and verbal
discrepancies occur in almost every line. Under such circumstances
I was obliged to content myself with indicating the most important
variations, I mean such as in any way affected the meaning of the text.
I have however availed myself of my own manuscript copies, or of Dr.
Wordsworth's edition, to supply an occasional word or phrase which
seemed necessary to the sense of a passage, but have always carefully
distinguished these additions, by enclosing them in brackets.
It is not easy to account for the extraordinary difference in the
language of the original autograph copy and the later manuscripts, by
any other means than a supposition that the copyist thought he could
improve the style of Cavendish, which is indeed sometimes involved and
obscure, but many of the discrepancies have clearly arisen from the
difficulty of reading his hand-writing, and the substitutions most
frequently occur where the original manuscript is the most illegible.
It is scarcely probable that Cavendish wrote another copy, for he was
already, as he himself says, old, and probably did not survive the date
of the completion of this MS. above a year. There are no additions of
the least importance in the more recent copies; the few which occur
have been carefully noted.
Of the Poems, to which I have given the title of METRICAL VISIONS, no
other copy is known to exist. They have little or no merit as verses,
being deficient in all the essential points of invention, expression
and rhythm, and it is to be regretted that Cavendish, who knew so well
how to interest us by his artless narration of facts in prose, should
have invoked the muse in vain. He seems to have been sensible of his
deficiency, and says very truly
"I must write plain, colours I have none to paint."
In the former limited impression these Metrical Visions were printed,
but as they have little in them to interest the general reader, it has
been deemed advisable to give only a specimen in the Appendix to the
present edition; the omission enabling the publishers to compress the
work into one volume, and thereby to make it more generally accessible.
I have ventured to take the spelling and pointing into my own hands;
but in no instance have I presumed to alter the disposition of the
text. I have reason to think that the judicious reader will not be
displeased at what is done in this respect; it is no more than what
has been effected for Shakspeare and other of our ancient classics.
The orthography of Cavendish, as the specimen given from his poems
will evince, was exceedingly uncouth and unsettled; retaining it could
have answered no good end; those who wish to have recourse to the work
for philological purposes would most assuredly prefer the authority of
manuscripts; and the disguise of old spelling might have deterred many
from reading this interesting narrative, to whom it will now afford
pleasure.
The remaining portion of the volume comprises a very curious Memoir
of Queen Anne Boleyn by George Wyatt, grandson of Sir Thomas Wyatt,
the poet, containing some particulars relating to that unfortunate
lady not elsewhere noted. It must be considered a valuable supplement
to the notice of her contained in the Life of Wolsey. In the Appendix
is also given a Parallel between Wolsey and Laud, written at the time
when Cavendish's work first issued from the press; though its purpose
was to excite prejudice against Laud, it is not deficient in interest,
and is conducted with tolerable temper. The original being of extreme
rarity, and of sufficient brevity, I have thought that it would be an
agreeable addition to this work. The few letters and papers which are
added were necessary illustrations of passages in the text and notes,
and though some of them are to be found in books readily accessible,
they are not placed in connexion with the work to which they relate
without sufficient reasons, which the reader will find stated in the
preliminary notices; it is therefore unnecessary to repeat them in
this place. A few notes on the Life of Wolsey which have been adopted
from Dr. Wordsworth's edition are distinguished by the letter W.
It is not generally known that a very curious edition of this Life was
printed by the zealous biographer of Wolsey, Mr. Grove of Richmond,
as long since as the year 1761. He had first adopted the old spurious
copy, which he printed in the form of notes to his own work in 1742-4;
but afterwards meeting with a manuscript, he was so indignant upon
finding by comparison the forgeries and scandalous interpolations of
the old editions, that he printed off a small impression with a preface
and notes; but it is one of the rarest of English books. For the loan
of this curious volume[5] I am indebted to the kindness of Richard
Heber, Esq. M.P. for the University of Oxford, whose liberality,
in imparting the inexhaustible treasures of the richest and most
comprehensive library ever formed by one individual, it has been my
good fortune frequently to experience.
My excellent and highly valued friend Francis Douce, Esq. with his
accustomed kindness, threw open to me his valuable library, and placed
in my hands a very curious manuscript[6] of this Life, embellished with
spirited drawings in outline of some of the principal occurrences,
from which three prints have been accurately copied as appropriate
embellishments of the book. With these advantages, I have reason to
hope that this edition will be found in all respects worthy of the
singular merit of the work, and of the auspices under which it goes
forth to the world.
BOX HILL,
_June_ 1, 1825.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] See the Life of Wolsey, page 102, where he speaks of King Philip
_now_ our sovereign lord.
[2] The Norfolk MS. is defective at the beginning, one leaf being lost,
which contained a portion of the prologue; there is consequently no
title to the work. It has a blank leaf at the place where the _lacun_
usually occur in the manuscript copies. The hand-writing is of the
reign of Elizabeth, and the text corresponds very nearly with that of
Dr. Wordsworth: the orthography is not the same. This MS. is in its
original binding, and has the name of its ancient possessor, _Henrie
Farleigh_, stamped on each cover. The other manuscript copy in my
possession is carefully written, but apparently of more recent date; it
has the following title in German text hand prefixed:
The Life of Master
Thomas Wolsey
Archbishoppe of Yorke
and Cardinall
written by
George Cavendish
his Gentleman Usher.
The same chasm is marked in this MS. as in the former, two pages and
a half being left blank, but the imperfect passages at the conclusion
of the hunt, and at the commencement of the relation concerning the
libels on Wolsey, are completed by a few words as they now stand in
Dr. Wordsworth's text. The variations between these copies are chiefly
literal; the orthography is in many respects different.
[3] Mr Hunter informs me that Clement Rossington the elder, who must
be here alluded to, died in 1737. He acquired the manor of Dronfield
by his marriage with Sarah Burton, sister and co-heir of Ralph Burton,
of Dronfield, Esq. who died in 1714. The father of Ralph and Sarah
Burton was Francis Burton, also of Dronfield, who was aged twenty-five
at the visitation of Derbyshire, 1662, and the mother, Helen, daughter
and heir of Cassibelan Burton, son of William Burton the distinguished
antiquary and historian of Leicestershire. There is good reason to
believe that the Rossingtons were not likely to _purchase_ a book of
this curiosity, and it is therefore more than probable that it once
formed part of the library of William Burton, other books which had
been his having descended to them.
[4] Vide pp. 181, 182, 183, and for another addition pp. 166, 167, 168;
in the present edition the passages are included in brackets.
[5] Bound up in the same volume with the Life of Wolsey, in Mr. Heber's
copy, are the following tracts bearing upon the subject; of which a
very limited impression appears to have been made, as they are all
equally rare.
Two Dialogues in the Elysian Fields between Cardinal Wolsey and
Cardinal Ximenes, by Mr. Grove of Richmond. London, Printed for the
Author by D. Leach, 1761.
A Short Historical Account of Sir William Cavendish, Gentleman Usher
to Cardinal Wolsey, and of his Lady Elizabeth (afterwards Countess
of Shrewsbury) and their descendants. This has no title page. The
Observations and Appendix to the Life of Wolsey appear to have been
annexed, as the paging is continued.
Six Appendices to a Short History of King Henry VIII. which he had
previously published. These have no general title, and are separately
paged.
A Short Examination into some Reflections cast on the Memory of
Cardinal Wolsey, by the Author of the Life of Sir Thomas More, in the
Biographia Britannica. 1761.
The Life of Robert Wolsey, of Ipswich, Gentleman, Father of the famous
Cardinal. 1761.
Grove has divided his edition into sections for the purpose of
reference. His text has now nothing to recommend it, though it was then
a laudable undertaking: he occasionally shows that he could not very
well decipher his MS.; he puts _hinnocrisse_ for _hippocrass_ at p. 71,
and at p. 76 _peeres_ for _speres_, with many other palpable mistakes.
Grove's ingenuity, though not his ingenuousness, may be admired; for
finding in his manuscript the work attributed to _George_ Cavendish, he
converts it to _Gu._ Cavendish, Gent. not to disturb his own historical
account of Sir William Cavendish, in which he gives a circumstantial
relation of the intimacy between Wolsey and Thomas Cavendish of the
Exchequer, the father of Sir William, who, he says, placed him in the
service of Wolsey, and of the growth of his fortunes in consequence,
with a confidence and detail which is truly amusing.
[6] This manuscript is carefully written in a volume with other curious
transcripts, and has marginal notes by the transcriber, who appears to
have been a puritan, from his exclamations against pomp and ceremony.
At the end he writes, "Copied forth by S. B. anno 1578, the first day
of September."

CONTENTS.

Page
THE EDITOR'S PREFACE vii
WHO WROTE CAVENDISH'S LIFE OF WOLSEY? A
Dissertation. By THE REV. JOSEPH HUNTER,
F. S. A. 1
THE LIFE OF WOLSEY BY GEORGE CAVENDISH 16
APPENDIX.
EXTRACTS FROM THE LIFE OF ANNE BOLEIGNE, BY
GEORGE WYATT, ESQ. SON OF SIR THOMAS
WYATT THE YOUNGER 417
SIX LETTERS, supplementary to the above Memoir;
containing Particulars of the Arrest of Queen Anne
Boleyn, and her Behaviour while in the Tower.

LETTER I.
_Sir William Kingston to Secretary Cromwell._--Upon
Queen Anne's Committal to the Tower 451

LETTER II.
_Sir William Kingston to Secretary Cromwell._--On
Queen Anne's Behaviour in Prison 453

LETTER III.
_Sir William Kingston to Secretary Cromwell._--Further
Particulars 456

LETTER IV.
_Edward Baynton to the Lord Treasurer._--Declaring
that only Mark will confess any Thing against
Queen Anne 458

LETTER V.
_Sir William Kingston to Secretary Cromwell, May 16,
1536._--Upon the Preparations for the Execution
of Lord Rochford and Queen Anne 459

LETTER VI.
_Sir William Kingston to the same._--Upon the same
Subject 460

ORIGINAL LETTERS,
ILLUSTRATIVE OF PASSAGES IN THE LIFE OF WOLSEY.

LETTER VII.
_Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, to his Bedfellow
and Cosyn Thomas Arundel._--Complains of Injuries
received at the Hands of Cardinal Wolsey.
Humble Solicitations for his Favour in certain
Matters 462

LETTER VIII.
_The same to Secretary Cromwell._--Denying a Contract,
or Promise of Marriage, having ever existed between
Anne Boleyn and himself 464

LETTER IX.
_Queen Catherine of Arragon and King Henry VIII. to
Cardinal Wolsey._--A joint Letter, about the coming
of the Legate, and Expressions of Kindness 465

LETTER X.
_Anne Boleyn to Cardinal Wolsey._--Thanking him for
his diligent Pains in the Affair of the Divorce 467

LETTER XI.
_The same to the same._--The same Subject; and the
coming of the Legate 468

LETTER XII.
_Cardinal Wolsey, in his Distress, to Thomas Cromwell_ 469

LETTER XIII.
_Cardinal Wolsey to Secretary Gardener_ 471

LETTER XIV.
_The same to the same._--The miserable Condition he is
in, his Decay of Health, and Poverty, and desiring
some Relief at the King's Hands. A melancholy
Picture 474

LETTER XV.
_The same to the same._--Desiring Gardener to write and
give him an Account of the King's Intentions in
regard to him 476

LETTER XVI.
_The same to the same._--Requesting Gardener to expedite
the Making out his Pardon in large and ample
Form as granted by the King 477
 LETTER XVII.
_The same to the same._--In favour of the Provost of
Beverley, and desiring Gardener to intercede with
the King for his Colleges 479

LETTER XVIII.
_The same to the same._--Desiring his Favour in a Suit
against him for a Debt of 700. by one Strangwish 481

LETTER XIX.
_Lettre de M. de Bellay Evesque de Bayonne M. le
Grant Maistre, 17 Oct. 1529._--Containing an interesting
Picture of the Cardinal in his Troubles,
and desiring the Intercession of the King of France,
&c. in his Favour 482

LETTER XX.
_Thomas Alvard to Thomas Cromwell._--Containing a
genuine Picture of one of the last Interviews with
which Wolsey was favoured by Henry VIII. 487

A PARALLEL BETWEEN CARDINAL WOLSEY AND

ARCHBISHOP LAUD, first printed in 1641 490

ILLUSTRATIVE DOCUMENTS.

Page
The Will of Thomas Wolsey, Father to the Cardinal 502
Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, Notice of his Book against
the Divorce of Henry and Catherine of Arragon 504
The Schedule appended to the King's Gift to the Cardinal
after his Forfeiture by the Premunire 507
A Memoryall of such Communication as my Lorde
Legatts Grace had with the Queenes Almoner.--Containing
a circumstantial Account of Queen
Katherine's Objections to have her Cause finally
judged by the Legates, &c. 509
Itinerary of Cardinal Wolsey's last Journey to the
North 516
The Comming and Reseyvyng of the Lord Cardinall into
 Powles for the Escaping of Pope Clement VII.
A. D. 1527. A^o Regni Henrici VIII. xix^o 519
The Ceremonial of receiving the Cardinal's Hat, sent
by the Pope to Wolsey 522
Specimen of the Poems of GEORGE CAVENDISH 526

DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING THE PLATES.

Fac Simile of the Original Autograph MS. _to face this page._

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

No. 1. Part of the Text of the commencement of the
Life, with the attestation _finis quod_ G. C.
No. 2. Last Stanza of the Author's Address to his Book,
with the subjoined inscription of the date of the
completion of the MS. _See Preface, p._ xvi.

Portrait of Anne Boleyn _to face the Title_

Portrait of Wolsey _p._ 61
Portrait of King Henry VIII. 79
Cardinal Wolsey in progress 149
Dukes of Suffolk and Norfolk receive the great seal from
Wolsey 246
Cromwell. Earl of Essex 258
Tokens sent to Wolsey by the King and Anne Boleyn 288
Portrait of Sir Thomas Wyatt 424
[Illustration: _Fac simile of the Original Autograph M.S. of
Cavendish's Life of Wolsey._
_N^o. 1._
_N^o. 2._
_N^o. 3._
_Engraved by J. Swaine._]

WHO WROTE CAVENDISH'S LIFE OF WOLSEY?

FIRST PRINTED IN MDCCCXIV.

When a writer undertakes to give _cuique suum_ in a question of

literary property, if he would avoid the ridicule which they deservedly
incur who raise a controversy only that they may have the honour of
settling it, he must show that there are more claimants than one on the
property he means to assign.
This then will be our first object.
[Sidenote: To whom the Biographia attributes it.]
Let the reader turn to the 'Biographia Britannica,' and look out the
article 'Sir William Cavendish.' He will find in either of the editions
what follows in the words of Dr. Campbell, the original projector of
that work, or rather of his friend Mr. Morant, the historian of Essex,
for it does not appear that the later editors have either reconsidered
the article, or added to it any thing material. Sir William Cavendish,
we are told, "had a liberal education given him by his father, who
settled upon him also certain lands in the county of Suffolk; but
made a much better provision for him by procuring him to be admitted
into the family of the great Cardinal Wolsey, upon whom he waited in
quality of gentleman usher of his chamber."----"As Mr. Cavendish was
the Cardinal's countryman, and the Cardinal had a great kindness for
his father, he took him early into his confidence, and showed him
upon all occasions very particular marks of kindness and respect[7]."
Several extracts from the Life of Wolsey are then produced to show
the honourable nature of this employment. Mr. Cavendish's faithful
adherence to Wolsey in his fall receives due encomium: and we are then
favoured with a detail of Mr. Cavendish's public services after the
Cardinal's death, his rich rewards, his knighthood, marriages, and
issue, in which the writer of the article has followed Sir William
Dugdale, and the Peerages. Towards the conclusion Cavendish is spoken
of in his character of an author, a character which alone could entitle
him to admission into that temple of British worthies. We are told that
"he appears from his _writings_ to have been a man of great honour and
integrity, a good subject to his prince, a true lover of his country,
and one who preserved to the last a very high reverence and esteem
for his old master and first patron Cardinal Wolsey, _whose life he
wrote in the latter part of his own_, and there gives him a very high
character."----"This work of his remained long in manuscript, and the
_original_ some years ago was in the hands of the Duke of Kingston,
supposed to be given by the author to his daughter, who married into
that family. It had been seen and consulted by the Lord Herbert when he
wrote his history of the Reign of King Henry VIII., but _he was either
unacquainted with our author's Christian name, or mistook him for his
elder brother George Cavendish of Glemsford in the county of Suffolk,
Esq._ for by that name his lordship calls him: but it appears plainly
from what he says that the history he made use of was our author's." p.
324.
[Sidenote: To whom, Lord Herbert.]
[Sidenote: To whom the Peerages.]
Such is the reputation in which the Biographia Britannica is held in
the world, and indeed not undeservedly, that most writers of English
biography have recourse to it for information: and with its authority
those among them are usually well satisfied, who neither value, nor
are willing to undertake, the toilsome researches of the genealogist
and the antiquary. Another such work, for an illustrious class of
English worthies, is 'The Peerage of England,' begun by the respectable
and ill rewarded Arthur Collins, and continued by successive editors
with as much exactness as could reasonably have been expected. The
several editions of this work, from that of 1712, in one volume,
to that of 1812, in nine, contain the same account of Sir William
Cavendish's attendance upon Wolsey, of his tried attachment to him, and
of his lasting gratitude to the memory of his old master, displayed
in writing apologetical memoirs of his life. At the very opening of
the pages devoted to the Devonshire family, in the recent edition of
this work, we are told that "the potent and illustrious family of
Cavendish, of which, in the last century, two branches arrived at
dukedoms, laid the foundation of their future greatness, first, on the
share of abbey lands obtained at the dissolution of monasteries by Sir
William Cavendish, who had been gentleman usher to Cardinal Wolsey,
who died in 1557, and afterwards by the abilities, the rapacity, and
the good fortune of Elizabeth his widow, who remarried George Earl of
Shrewsbury, and died in 1607[8]." And afterwards, in the account of
the said Sir William Cavendish, we are told nearly in the words used
by Morant, that "to give a more lasting testimony of his gratitude to
the Cardinal, he drew up a fair account of his life and death, which
he wrote in the reign of Queen Mary: whereof the oldest copy is in
the hands of the noble family of Pierrepoint, into which the author's
daughter was married. Lord Herbert of Cherbury, in the Life and Reign
of King Henry VIII., quotes the manuscript in many places, _but
mentions George Cavendish to be the author of it; which, from divers
circumstances, we may conclude to be a mistake_. In the year 1641 it
was printed, and again in 1667[9]." A full account is then given of the
public employments and honourable rewards of Sir William Cavendish;
and the descent of the two ducal families of Devonshire and Newcastle
from this most fortunate subject is set forth with all due regard to
genealogical accuracy.
[Sidenote: Sir William Cavendish generally understood to be the author;]
[Sidenote: but erroneously.]
From these two great public reservoirs of English biography this
account of Sir William Cavendish, both as an author and a man, has
been drawn off into innumerable other works. Writers of high authority
in affairs of this nature have adopted it; and even historians of the
life of Wolsey, upon whom it appeared to be incumbent to make accurate
inquiry into this subject, have retailed as unquestioned truth what
the Biographia and the Peerages have told us concerning an author
to whose most faithful and interesting narrative they have been so
largely indebted. Sir William Cavendish may therefore be regarded as
the tenant in possession of this property: nor, as far as I know, hath
his right ever been formally controverted. Before the reader has got to
the last page of this little treatise he will probably have seen reason
to conclude that this account is _all fable_: for that Sir William
Cavendish could not possibly have been the Cardinal's biographer, nor,
of course, the faithful attendant upon him; that circumstance of his
history proceeding entirely upon the supposition that he was the writer
of the work in question[10].
[Sidenote: A third claimant.]
While we have thus brought before the public the person who may be
considered as the _presumed proprietor_ of this work, we have also made
good our promise to show that there are more claimants than one upon
this piece of literary property. Lord Herbert, we have seen, quotes the
manuscript as the production of a _George_ Cavendish. Other writers of
no mean authority, as will be seen in the course of this disquisition,
have attributed it to another member of the house of Cavendish whose
name was _Thomas_.
The editors of the Biographia and the Peerages have made very light
of my Lord Herbert's testimony. What those _divers circumstances_ were
which led the latter to reject it, as they have not informed us, so we
must be content to remain in ignorance. The noble historian of the life
and reign of Henry VIII. is not accustomed to quote his authorities at
random. If he sometimes endeavour too much to palliate enormities which
can neither be excused nor softened down, he is nevertheless generally
correct as to the open fact, as he is always ingenious and interesting.
Supported by so respectable an authority, the pretensions of this
George Cavendish of Glemsford to have been the faithful attendant upon
Wolsey, and the lively historian of his rise and fall, ought to have
received a more patient examination. Descended of the same parents
with Sir William, and by birth the elder, in fortune he was far behind
him. At a period of great uncertainty the two brothers took opposite
courses. William was for reform, George for existing circumstances.
Contrary to the ordinary course of events, the first was led to wealth
and honours, the latter left in mediocrity and obscurity. The former
yet lives in a posterity not less distinguished by personal merit than
by the splendour cast upon them by the highest rank in the British
peerage, the just reward of meritorious services performed by a race
of patriots their ancestors. Of the progeny from the other, history has
no splendid deeds to relate; and, after the third generation, they are
unknown to the herald and the antiquary. But this is to anticipate.
I contend that the wreath which he has justly deserved, who produces
one of the most beautiful specimens of unaffected faithful biography
that any language contains, has been torn from this _poor_ man's brow,
to decorate the temples of his more fortunate brother. To replace it
is the object of the present publication. It will, I trust, be shown,
to the satisfaction of the reader, that this George Cavendish was the
author of the work in question, and the disinterested attendant upon
the fallen favourite. The illustrious house of Devonshire needs no
borrowed merit to command the respect and admiration of the world.
[Sidenote: George Cavendish the real author.]
[Sidenote: Writers who have advanced his claim.]
[Sidenote: Wanley.]
[Sidenote: Grove.]
[Sidenote: Douce.]
[Sidenote: Wordsworth.]
Let it not however be supposed that the writer is meaning to arrogate
to himself the credit of being the first to dispute the right of Sir
William Cavendish, and to advance the claim of the real owner. The
possession which Sir William has had has not been an undisturbed one:
so that were there any statute of limitations applicable to literary
property, that statute would avail him nothing. The manuscript of this
work, which now forms a part of the Harleian library, is described by
the accurate Wanley as being from the pen of a _George_ Cavendish[11].
In 1742 and the two following years, 'A History of the Life and Times
of Cardinal Wolsey' was published in four volumes octavo by Mr. Joseph
Grove, who subjoined, in the form of notes, the whole of what was then
known to the public of these Memoirs; describing them in a running
title, 'The Secret History of the Cardinal, by _George_ Cavendish,
Esq.:' but, as if to show that no one who touched this subject should
escape defilement from the errors of the Biographia and the Peerages,
he confounds together the two brothers in the account he gives of the
author at the 98th page of his third volume. During the remainder of
the last century it does not appear that Sir William Cavendish suffered
any material molestation in his possession of this property: but in the
present century Mr. Francis Douce, in his most curious 'Illustrations
of Shakspeare,' restores to _George_ Cavendish the honour of having
produced this work, and marks by significative _Italics_ that it was
an honour which another had usurped[12]. Dr. Wordsworth may also be
ranked amongst those writers who have ventured to put a spade into
Sir William's estate. To this gentleman belongs the merit of having
first presented to the public an impression of this work, which conveys
any just idea of the original[13]. In an advertisement he expresses
himself thus cautiously as to the name of the author: "The following
life was written by the Cardinal's gentleman-usher, Cavendish, whose
Christian name in the superscription to some of the manuscript copies
is _George_, but by Bishop Kennet, in his Memoirs of the family of
Cavendish, by Collins in his Peerage, and by Dr. Birch (No. 4233,
Ayscough's Catalogue Brit. Museum) he is called _William_[14]." Had the
learned editor pursued the question thus started, it is probable he
would have been led to the conclusion which will here be brought out,
and have thus rendered wholly unnecessary the disquisition now tendered
to the notice of the public. But here he has suffered the matter to
rest.
[Sidenote: Doubts of Sir William Cavendish's right to this work gained
not much credit in the world.]
And indeed, to say the truth, though there may possibly have been two
or three other writers who have intimated a doubt as to the right of
Sir William Cavendish to the work in question, these doubts seem never
to have gained hold on the public attention. It would be an invidious
task to collect together the many modern supporters of his claim: there
are, amongst them, names who have deservedly attained a high degree
of celebrity in the walks of biography, history, antiquities, and
topography. All the writer wishes is, that he may stand excused with
the public in offering what he has collected upon this point: and if
the concession is made that the suspicions of Sir William Cavendish's
right to this piece of biography have never gained much hold on the
public mind, and that it is a prevailing opinion in the world that
the greatness in which we now behold the house of Devonshire owes
its origin to a train of fortunate circumstances resulting out of
an attendance on Cardinal Wolsey, he must consider himself as amply
excused.
Let us now hear the evidence.
[Sidenote: Authorities in his favour,]
[Sidenote: all modern.]
The learned editor of the 'Ecclesiastical Biography' has mentioned
several _names_ as supporters of Sir William's claim. And indeed, if
_names_ might carry the day, Kennet and Collins, Birch and Morant,
are in themselves a host. But who is there accustomed to close and
minute investigation, that has not discovered for himself, of how
little moment is _simple authority_ in any question? It is, especially,
of little weight in historical and antiquarian discussion. The
most laborious may sometimes overlook evidence which is afterwards
accidentally discovered to another of far inferior pretensions: the
most accurate may mistake: the most faithful may be bribed into
inattention by supposititious facts, which give a roundness and
compactness to what, without them, forms but an imperfect narration.
The case before us may possibly come under the latter head. Take away
the attendance upon Wolsey, and we have several years unaccounted for
in the life of Sir William Cavendish; and lose what the mind perceives
to be a step by which a private gentleman, as he was, might advance
himself into the councils of princes, and the possession of important
offices of state. There is in this what might lay a general biographer,
who was a very Argus, asleep. But these authorities, it must also be
observed, are all _moderns_: they lived a century and a half after
both the Cavendishes had been gathered to their fathers; and earlier
biographers, who have made mention of this founder of two ducal houses,
have said nothing of any attendance upon the Cardinal, never ascribed
the flourishing state of his fortunes to any recommendation of him to
the king from his old master, nor taken any notice of what is so much
to his honour, that he adhered faithfully to Wolsey in his fall, and
produced this beautiful tribute to his memory. Negative evidence of
this kind, it may be said, is of no great weight. It will be allowed,
however, to be of some, when it is recollected who they are that have
omitted these _leading particulars_ in Sir William Cavendish's history.
They are no other than the author of 'The Baronage of England,' and
Margaret Duchess of Newcastle, who has given a laboured genealogy
of the ancestors and kindred of her lord, a grandson of Sir William
Cavendish, annexed to the very entertaining memoirs which she left of
his life. The _omissions_ of two such writers, living at the time when
this work was first made public, and whose duty as well as inclination
it would have been to have mentioned the fact, had it been so, will at
least serve to weigh against the positive but unsupported testimonies
of the abovementioned respectable writers, all of whom lived much
too late to be supposed to have received any information by private
tradition.
[Sidenote: Dugdale and the Duchess of Newcastle do not ascribe it to
him.]
[Sidenote: The original MS. said to be in the hands of the Pierrepoint
family.]
[Sidenote: Manuscripts;]
[Sidenote: reason for their multiplication.]
But the _original_ manuscript was in the hands of the Pierrepoint
family, and into that family Sir William Cavendish's daughter was
married. Possibly; but were it even so, it is obvious that this lays
but a very insufficient foundation for believing that Sir William was
the author. Why might it not have been given to Frances Cavendish by
George Cavendish her uncle? But Doctor Kennet, upon whose authority
this statement has been made, has not informed us by what criterion he
was guided in assigning that priority to the Pierrepoint manuscript
which this statement assumes. There are so many manuscripts of this
work abroad, that it must, I presume, be exceedingly difficult to
decide which has the best claim to be the author's autograph, if
indeed that autograph be in existence[15]. Scarcely any work of this
magnitude, composed after the invention of printing, has been so
often transcribed. There is a copy in the cathedral library at York
which once belonged to Archbishop Matthew; another very valuable one
in the library of the College of Arms, presented to that learned
society by Henry Duke of Norfolk; another in Mr. Douce's collection;
another in the public library at Cambridge; another in the Bodleian.
There are two in Mr. Heber's library; two at Lambeth; two in the
British Museum[16]. The reason of this multiplication of copies by
the laborious process of transcription seems to have been this: the
work was composed in the days of Queen Mary by a zealous catholic,
but not committed to the press during her short reign. It contained a
very favourable representation of the conduct of a man who was held
in but little esteem in the days of her successor, and whom it was
then almost treason to praise. The conduct of several persons was
reflected on who were flourishing themselves, or in their immediate
posterity, in the court of Queen Elizabeth: and it contained also the
freest censures of the Reformation, and very strong remarks upon the
conduct and character of Anne Boleyn, the Cardinal's great enemy. It
is probable that no printer could be found who had so little fear of
the Star-Chamber before his eyes as to venture the publication of a
work so obnoxious: while such was the gratification which all persons
of taste and reading would find in it, from its fidelity, its curious
minuteness, its lively details, and above all, from that unaffected air
of sweet natural eloquence in which it is composed, that many among
them must have been desirous of possessing it. Can we wonder then that
so many copies should have been taken between the time when it was
written and the year 1641, when it was first sent to the press: or that
one of these copies should have found its way into the library of Henry
Pierrepoint, Marquis of Dorchester, who was an author, and a man of
some taste and learning[17]? It cannot surely be difficult to divine
how it came into his possession, without supposing that it was brought
into his family by Sir William's daughter, his grandmother, Frances
Cavendish.
[Sidenote: No evidence in his favour from the MSS.]
Trifling as it appears, we have now had nearly all that has ever
been alleged as rendering it probable that Sir William Cavendish was
the author of this work. We have no evidence in his favour from any
early catalogue of writers in English history: nor any testimony in
inscription or title upon any of the manuscripts, except a modern one
by Dr. Birch, upon one of the Museum copies. But in appropriating
any literary composition to its author, that evidence is the most
conclusive which is derived from the work itself. This is the kind
of proof to which it is proposed to bring the claims of the two
competitors. It is contended that there are passages in the work, and
self-notices, which are absolutely inconsistent with the supposition
that it was the production of the person to whom it has usually been
ascribed. Let us attend to these.
[Sidenote: Time when the work was written.]
It will be of some importance to us to have clearly ascertained the
period at which this work was composed. We have information sufficient
for this purpose. At page 350[18] of Dr. Wordsworth's impression, we
read that the Cardinal "was sent twice on an embassage unto the Emperor
Charles the Fifth that now reigneth, and father unto King Philip,
now our soveraign lord." Mary queen of England was married to Philip
of Spain on the 25th of July, 1554. Again, at page 401, we hear of
"Mr. Ratcliffe, who was sonne and heire to the Lord Fitzwalter, and
nowe[19] Earle of Sussex." The Earl of Sussex of Queen Mary's reign,
who had been son and heir to a Lord Fitzwalter in the days of King
Henry VIII., could be no other than Henry Radcliffe, the second earl
of that name, who died on the 17th of February, 1557[20]. Without
incurring any risk by following older authorities, when so much
misconception is abroad, we may set down as fairly proved that the Life
of Wolsey was composed about the middle of the reign of Queen Mary[21].
[Sidenote: The author a neglected man.]
Now we may collect that the author, whoever he was, thought himself a
_neglected_ man at the time of writing. He tells us that he engaged in
the work to vindicate the memory of his master from "diverse sondrie
surmises and imagined tales, made of his proceedings and doings,"
which he himself had "perfectly knowen to be most untrue." We cannot
however but discover, that he was also stimulated by the desire of
attracting attention to himself, the old and faithful domestic of a
great man whose character was then beginning to retrieve itself in
the eyes of an abused nation, and whose misfortunes had prevented him
from advancing his servants in a manner accordant to his own wishes,
and to the dignity of his service. He dwells with manifest complacency
upon the words of commendation he received on different occasions from
his master; and relates towards the conclusion how kindly he had been
received by the king after the death of Wolsey, and what promises
had been made to him both by Henry and the Duke of Norfolk, who yet
suffered him to depart into his own country. But what shows most
strikingly that he was an unsatisfied man, and thought that he had
by no means had the reward due to his faithful services, is a remark
he makes after having related the sudden elevation of Wolsey to the
deanery of Lincoln. "Here," says he, "may all men note the chaunces
of fortune that followethe some whome she intendeth to promote, and
to some her favor is cleane contrary, though they travaille never so
much, with all the painfull diligence that they can devise or imagine:
_whereof for my part I have tasted of the experience_." p. 332[22].
[Sidenote: Not so Sir William Cavendish.]
[Sidenote: His employments, promotions, and rewards.]
There are persons whom nothing will satisfy, and they are sometimes
the most importunate in obtruding their supposed neglects upon the
public: but it must surely have been past all endurance to have had
such a complaint as this preferred by Sir William Cavendish in the
days of Queen Mary. His life had been a continual series of promotions
and lucrative employments. In 1530, the very year in the November of
which the Cardinal died, he was constituted one of the commissioners
for visiting and taking the surrenders of divers religious houses. In
1539 he was made one of the Auditors of the Court of Augmentations,
then lately established. At this period of his life he was living
luxuriously at his mansion of North Awbrey near Lincoln, as appears
by the inventory of his furniture there, which is preserved in
manuscript[23]. In the next year he had a royal grant of several
lordships in the county of Hertford. In 1546 he was knighted;
constituted treasurer of the chamber to the king, a place of great
trust and honour; and was soon afterwards admitted of the privy
council. He continued to enjoy all these honours till his death, a
space of eleven years, in which time his estate was much increased
by the grants he received from King Edward VI. in seven several
counties[24]. It was not surely for such a man as this to complain
of the _ludibria fortun_, or of the little reward all his "painful
diligence" had received. Few men, as Sylvius says, would have such a
"poverty of grace" that they would not
"----think it a most plenteous crop
To glean the broken ears after the man
That such a harvest reaps."
Sir William Cavendish began the world the younger son of a family of
some respectability, but of no great wealth or consequence; and he
left it, at about the age of fifty, a knight, a privy counsellor, and
the owner of estates which, managed and improved as they were by his
prudent relict, furnished two houses with the means of supporting in
becoming splendour the very first rank in the British peerage.
[Sidenote: Zealous against the Reformation.]
But an ambitious man is not to be contented; and men do form erroneous
estimates of their own deserts: let us see, then, if the work will
not supply us with something more conclusive. The writer is fond
of bringing forward his religious sentiments. The reader will be
amused with the following sally against the Reformation, its origin,
and favourers. He who is disposed may find in it matter for serious
reflection. When Cavendish has related that the king submitted to be
cited by the two legates, and to appear in person before them, to be
questioned touching the matter of the divorce, he breaks out into this
exclamation:--"Forsoothe it is a world to consider the desirous will
of wilfull princes, when they be set and earnestly bent to have their
wills fulfilled, wherein no reasonable persuasions will suffice; and
how little they regard the dangerous sequell that may ensue, as well
to themselves as to their subjects. And above all things, there is
nothing that maketh them more wilfull than carnall love and sensuall
affection of voluptuous desire, and pleasures of their bodies, as was
in this case; wherein nothing could be of greater experience than to
see what inventions were furnished, what lawes were enacted, what
costly edifications of noble and auncient monasteries were overthrowne,
what diversity of opinions then rose, what executions were then
committed, how many noble clerkes and good men were then for the same
put to deathe, what alteration of good, auncient, and holesome lawes,
customes, and charitable foundations were tourned from reliefe of the
poore, to utter destruction and desolation, almost to the subversion of
this noble realme. It is sure too much pitty to heare or understand the
things that have since that time chaunced and happened to this region.
The profe thereof hath taught us all Englishmen the experience, too
lamentable of all good men to be considered. If eyes be not blind men
may see, if eares be not stopped they may heare, and if pitty be not
exiled the inward man may lament the sequell of this pernicious and
inordinate love. Although it lasted but a while, the plague thereof is
not yet ceased, which our Lorde quenche and take his indignation from
us! _Qui peccavimus cum patribus nostris, et injuste egimus._" p. 420
and 421.
[Sidenote: Not so Sir William Cavendish.]
This passage, warm from the heart, could have been written by none
but a zealous anti-reformist. That certainly was not Sir William
Cavendish. He had been one of the principal instruments in effecting
what I must be allowed to call a necessary and glorious work. Men
are not accustomed to record their own condemnation with such a
bold, untrembling hand. That hand, which is supposed to have penned
these words, had been once extended to receive the conventual seal
of the Priory of Sheen, and the Abbey of St. Alban's. The person by
whom we are to believe they were written had been an officer in that
court which was purposely erected to attend to the augmentation of
the king's revenue by the sequestration of ecclesiastical property;
the proceedings of which court were too often unnecessarily harsh
and arbitrary, if not unjust and oppressive. Nay, more, at the very
time these words were written, Sir William Cavendish was living on
the spoils of those very monasteries whose overthrow is so deeply
deplored; and rearing out of them a magnificent mansion at Chatsworth
in Derbyshire, to be the abode of himself and his posterity. After so
long and so decided a passage, it has been thought unnecessary to quote
any other: but throughout the work appears the same zeal in the writer
to signalize himself as a friend to the old profession. May not this
be considered as amounting to something almost conclusive against the
supposition that the attendant upon Wolsey and Sir William Cavendish
were the same person?
[Sidenote: Sir William Cavendish did not change with the times.]
Will it be said that he turned with the times; that he who, in the
Protestant reigns, had been zealous for the _Gospel_, in the Catholic
reign was equally zealous for the _Mass_: and that this work was his
_amende_ to the offended party? I know not of any authority we have
for charging this religious tergiversation upon Sir William Cavendish,
who, for any thing that appears in his history, was animated by
other views in promoting the cause of reform, than the desire of
personal advancement, and of obtaining the favour of his prince:
and I am prepared with two facts in his history, not mentioned by
former writers, which are unfavourable to such a supposition. The
first shows that he was in some disgrace at the court of Queen Mary
as late as the fourth year of her reign; the second, that he did not
seek to ingratiate himself there. On the 17th of August, 1556, a very
peremptory order of council was issued, commanding his "indelaid
repaire" to the court to answer on "suche matters as at his cmyng"
should be declared unto him. The original, subscribed by seven of the
Queen's council, is among the Wilson collections mentioned in the note
at page 22. What the particular charges were it is not material to our
argument to inquire. The next year also, the year in which he died,
he ungraciously refused a loan of one hundred pounds required of him
and other Derbyshire gentlemen by the Queen, when her majesty was in
distress for money to carry on the French war. These facts show that
though he was continued in the offices of treasurer of the chamber and
privy counsellor, he was in no very high esteem with Queen Mary, nor
sought to conciliate her favourable regards. To which we may add, that
his lady, whose spirit and masculine understanding would probably give
her very considerable influence in the deliberations of his mind, was
through life a firm friend to the Reformation, and in high favour with
Queen Elizabeth.
Whatever effect the preceding facts and argument may have had upon the
reader's mind, there is a piece of evidence still to be brought out,
which is more conclusive against the claim of Sir William Cavendish.
Soon after the Cardinal was arrested at his house of Cawood in
Yorkshire, Cavendish tells us that he resorted to his lord, "where he
was in his chamber sitting in a chaire, the tables being spred for him
to goe to dinner. But as soone as he perceived me to come in, he fell
out into suche a wofull lamentation, with suche ruthefull teares and
watery eies, that it would have caused a flinty harte to mourne with
him. And as I could, I with others comforted him; but it would not
be. For, quoth he, nowe I lament that I see this gentleman (meaning
me) how faithefull, how dilligent, and how painefull he hath served
me, abandonning his owne country, _wife and children_, his house and
family, his rest and quietnesse, only to serve me, and I have nothinge
to rewarde him for his highe merittes." p. 517.
[Sidenote: The author married and a father before 1530.]
[Sidenote: Not so Sir William Cavendish.]
Hence it appears that the Cavendish who wrote this work was married,
and had a family _probably_ before he entered into the Cardinal's
service, _certainly_ while he was engaged in it. At what precise period
he became a member of the Cardinal's household cannot be collected
from his own writings. Grove says it was as early as 1519[25]; the
Biographia tells us that the place was procured for him by his father,
who died in 1524. This however is certain, that the first mention of
himself, as one in attendance upon the Cardinal, is in the exceedingly
curious account he has given of the means used to break the growing
attachment between the Lord Percy and Anne Boleyn, in order to make way
for the king. Cavendish was present when the Earl of Northumberland
took his son to task. This must have been before the year 1527; for in
that year the Lord Percy became himself Earl of Northumberland; and
probably it was at least a twelvemonth before; for ere the old Earl's
departure, a marriage had been concluded between Lord Percy and the
Lady Mary Talbot, a daughter of the Earl of Shrewsbury[26]. In 1526
then, the Cavendish who wrote this work was a member of Wolsey's
household. Now, fortunately for this inquiry, it happens that an exact
account has been preserved of the several marriages and the numerous
issue of Sir William Cavendish. It is to be found in the funeral
certificate, which, according to a laudable custom of those times, was
entered by his relict among the records of the College of Arms. This
document, subscribed by her own hand, sets forth that her husband's
first-born child came into the world on the 7th of January, in the 25th
year of King Henry VIII. This answers to 1534: that is at least seven
years after the Cavendish, for whom we are inquiring, had become a
member of Wolsey's family, and more than three years after the Cardinal
had remarked that his gentleman usher had left "wife and children, his
home and family, his rest and quietnesse," only to serve him. This is
decisive.
[Sidenote: The funeral certificate where to be found.]
The document which contains these family particulars of the Cavendishes
is not known only to those gentlemen who have access to the arcana of
the College of Arms. It has been published: and it is remarkable that
Arthur Collins, who has been a principal cause of the error concerning
the author of this work, gaining such firm hold on the public mind,
should have been the first to lay before the public a record which
proves beyond dispute that the Cavendish who wrote the Life of Wolsey
could not be the Cavendish who was the progenitor of the house of
Devonshire. It is printed in his 'Noble Families,' where is a more
complete account of the Cavendishes than is to be found in his Peerage,
and which might have been transferred with advantage into the later
editions of that work. This document has also been printed by Guthrie
and Jacob, whose account of the nobility of this nation may often
be consulted with advantage, after having read any of the editions
of Collins. Of its _authenticity_, the only point material to this
inquiry, no suspicion can reasonably be entertained.
[Sidenote: How the early years of Sir William Cavendish may have been
spent.]
We have now brought to a conclusion our inquiry into the right of the
_tenant in possession_. It has been questioned, examined, and, I think,
disproved. It is not contended that the common opinion respecting Sir
William Cavendish's attendance upon Wolsey does not harmonize well
enough with what is known of his real history, and to render our proof
absolutely complete, it might seem to be almost incumbent upon us to
show how Sir William Cavendish was engaged while Wolsey's biographer
was discharging the duties of his office as an attendant upon the
Cardinal. Could we do this, we should also disclose the steps by which
he attained to his honourable state employments, and the favour of
successive monarchs. In the absence of positive testimony I would be
permitted to hazard the conjecture, that in early life he followed the
steps of his father, who had an office in the court of Exchequer. Such
an education as he would receive in that court would render him a most
fit instrument for the purpose in which we first find his services
used, the suppression of the monasteries, and the appropriation of the
lands belonging to them to his royal master. Having signalized his
zeal, and given proof of his ability in this service, so grateful to
the King, we may easily account for his further employments, and the
promotions and rewards which followed them. Let it however be observed,
that this is no essential part of our argument; nor shall I pursue the
inquiry any further, mindful of the well known and sage counsel of the
Lord Chancellor Bacon.
I would however be permitted to say something on that very
extraordinary woman, the lady of Sir William Cavendish, and the sharer
with him in raising the family to that state of affluence and honour
in which we now behold it. Indeed she was a more than equal sharer. He
laid the foundation, she raised the superstructure; as she finished the
family palace at Chatsworth, of which he had laid the first stone.
[Sidenote: His lady an extraordinary character.]
[Sidenote: Marries Sir William St. Lowe;]
[Sidenote: becomes Countess of Shrewsbury.]
[Sidenote: Has a present of jewels from Mary Queen of Scots.]
[Sidenote: Death of the Earl.]
This lady was Elizabeth Hardwick, a name familiar to all visitors of
the county of Derby, where she lived more than half a century with
little less than sovereign authority, having first adorned it with
two most splendid mansions. The daughter, and the virgin widow of
two Derbyshire gentlemen of moderate estates, she first stepped into
consequence by her marriage with Sir William Cavendish, a gentleman
much older than herself. The ceremony was performed at the house of
the Marquis of Dorset[28], father to the Lady Jane Grey, who, with
the Countess of Warwick and the Earl of Shrewsbury, was a sponsor at
the baptism of her second child. Cavendish left her a widow with six
children in 1557. Shortly after his death she united herself to Sir
William St. Lowe, one of the old attendants of the Princess Elizabeth,
on whose accession to the throne he was made captain of her guard. In
1567, being a third time a widow, she was raised to the bed of the most
powerful peer of the realm, George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. He had
been a friend of Sir William Cavendish, and it is possible that the
magnificent state which he displayed in the immediate neighbourhood
of this lady had more than once excited her envy. She loved pomp and
magnificence and personal splendour, as much as she enjoyed the hurry
and engagement of mind which multiplied worldly business brings with
it. She had a passion for jewels, which was appealed to and gratified
by the unhappy Mary Queen of Scotland[29], who lived many years under
the care of the Earl of Shrewsbury, her husband. She united herself
to this nobleman more, as it should seem, from motives of ambition,
than as the consequence of any real affection she had for him. He had
unquestionably the sincerest regard for her: and, though she forgot
many of the duties of a wife, it continued many years in the midst of
all that reserve and perfidity, and even tyranny, if such a word may
be allowed, which she thought proper to exercise towards him. The
decline of this good and great man's life affords a striking lesson
how utterly insufficient are wealth and splendour and rank to secure
happiness even in a case where there is no experience of the more
extraordinary vicissitudes of fortune, the peculiar danger of persons
in elevated situations. Probably the happiest days of the last three
and twenty years of his life were those in which he was employing
himself in preparing his own sepulchre. This he occupied in 1590. But
the effect of his ill advised nuptials extended beyond his life. His
second countess had drawn over to her purposes some of his family, who
had assisted her in the designs she carried on against her husband.
She had drawn them closely to her interest by alliances with her own
family. Hence arose family animosities, which appeared in the most
frightful forms, and threatened the most deadly consequences[30].
Much may be seen respecting this extraordinary woman in the Talbot
papers published by Mr. Lodge. A bundle of her private correspondence
has been preserved, and forms a curious and valuable part of that
collection of manuscripts which we have had occasion more than once to
mention. These let in much light upon her conduct. It is impossible
to contemplate her character in this faithful mirror without being
convinced that Mr. Lodge has drawn the great outlines of it correctly,
when he describes her as "a woman of masculine understanding and
conduct; proud, furious, selfish, and unfeeling[31]." Yet she was a
favourite of Queen Elizabeth, who paid her this compliment soon after
her last marriage, that "she had been glad to see my Lady Saint Lowe,
but was more desirous to see my Lady Shrewsbury, and that there was no
lady in the land whom she better loved and liked." These flattering
expressions were used to Mr. Wingfield, who was a near relation of this
lady, and who lost no time in reporting them to her. Most of these
letters are upon private affairs: a few only are from persons whom she
had engaged to send her the news of the day, as was usual with the
great people of that age when absent from court. There are several of
the letters which she received from Saint Lowe and Shrewsbury, which
show how extraordinary was the influence she had gained over their
minds. There is one from Sir William Cavendish. Having laboured to
show what the knight did _not_ compose, I shall transcribe in the note
below this genuine fragment of his writing, though in no respect worthy
of publication, except as having passed between these two remarkable
characters[32]. It is expressed in a strain of familiarity to which
neither of his successors ever dared aspire. To conclude the history of
this lady, she survived her last husband about seventeen years, which
were spent for the most part at Hardwick, the place of her birth, and
where she had built the present noble mansion. There she died in 1607,
and was interred in the great church at Derby.
[Sidenote: Mr. Lodge's character of her.]
[Sidenote: Anecdote of Queen Elizabeth.]
[Sidenote: Letters to her.]
The courteous reader will, it is hoped, pardon this digression; and now
set we forth on the second stage of our inquiry, Who wrote Cavendish's
Life of Wolsey?
[Sidenote: Claim of Thomas Cavendish.]
When there are only two claimants upon any property, if the pretensions
of one can be shown to be groundless, those of the other seem to be
established as a necessary consequence. But here we have a third party.
Beside Sir William and his elder brother George, a claimant has been
found in a _Thomas_ Cavendish. In the account of Wolsey given in the
Athen[33], Wood calls the author by this name: and Dodd, a Catholic
divine, who published a Church History of England in 3 vols. folio,
(Brussels, 1737.) in a list of historians and manuscripts used in
the preparation of his work, enumerates "Cavendish _Thomas_, Life of
Cardinal Wolsey, Lond. 1590." It is very probable that Dodd may have
contented himself with copying the name of this author from the Athen,
a book he used: and it is with the utmost deference, and the highest
possible respect, for the wonderful industry and the extraordinary
exactness of the Oxford antiquary, I would intimate my opinion that,
in this instance, he has been misled. To subject the pretensions of
_Thomas_ Cavendish to such a scrutiny as that to which those of Sir
William have been brought is quite out of the question: for neither
Wood nor Dodd have thrown any light whatever on his history or
character. He appears before us like Homer, _nomen, et prterea nihil_.
There was a person of both his names, of the Grimstone family, a noted
navigator, and an author in the days of Queen Elizabeth; but he lived
much too late to have ever formed a part of the household of Cardinal
Wolsey.
We must now state the evidence in favour of George Cavendish. The
reader will judge for himself whether the testimony of Anthony Wood,
and that of the Catholic church-historian, supposing them to be
distinct and independent testimonies, is sufficient to outweigh what is
to be advanced in support of George Cavendish's claim. We shall first
state on what grounds the work is attributed to a Cavendish whose name
was George; and secondly, the reasons we have for believing that he was
the George Cavendish of Glemsford in Suffolk, to whom my Lord Herbert
ascribes the work.
[Sidenote: That the writer's name was George.]
On the former point the evidence is wholly external. It lies in a small
compass; but it is of great weight. It consists in the testimony of
all the ancient manuscripts which bear any title of an even date with
themselves[34]: and in that of the learned herald and antiquary Francis
Thinne, a contemporary of the author's, who, in the list of writers of
English history which he subjoined to Hollinshead's Chronicle, mentions
"George Cavendish, Gentleman Vsher vnto Cardinal Woolseie, whose life
he did write."
[Sidenote: Four circumstances of the author's condition discovered in
the work.]
Now to our second point. Four circumstances of the author's situation
are discovered to us in the work itself: viz. that his life was
extended through the reigns of Henry VIII. Edward VI. and Queen Mary;
that while he was in the Cardinal's service he was a married man,
and had a family: that he was in but moderate circumstances when
he composed this memoir; and that he retained a zeal for the _old
profession_ of religion. If we find these circumstances concurring in a
George Cavendish, it is probable we have found the person for whom we
are in search.
Scanty as is the information afforded us concerning a simple esquire
of the days of the Tudors, it will probably be made apparent that
these circumstances do concur in the person to whom my Lord Herbert
ascribes the work. Men of little celebrity in their lives, and whose
track through the world cannot be discovered by the light of history,
are sometimes found attaining a faint and obscure "life after death"
in the herald's visitation books and the labours of the scrivener.
Those rolls of immortality are open to every man. They transmit to a
remote posterity the worthless and the silly with as much certainty as
the name of one who was instinct with the fire of genius, and whom a
noble ambition to be good and great distinguished from the common herd
of men. It is in these rolls only that the name of George Cavendish of
Glemsford is come down to us: he forms a link in the pedigree: he is a
medium in the transmission of manorial property.
[Sidenote: Obscurity of George Cavendish a presumption in his favour.]
But this very obscurity creates a presumption in favour of his claim.
What employment that should raise him into notice would be offered in
the days of Henry and Edward to the faithful and affectionate attendant
upon a character so unpopular among the great as the haughty, low-born
Wolsey? What should have placed his name upon public record who did
not, like Cromwell and some other of Wolsey's domestics, "find himself
a way out of his master's wreck to rise in" by throwing himself upon
the court, but retired, as Cavendish at the conclusion of the Memoirs
tells us he did, to his own estate in the country, with his wages, a
small gratuity, and a present of six of the Cardinal's horses to convey
his furniture? That, living at a distance from the court, he should
have been overlooked on the change of the times, cannot be surprising:
he was only one among many who would have equal claims upon Mary and
her ministry. Had she lived indeed till his work had been published,
we might then reasonably have expected to have seen a man of so much
virtue, and talent, and religious zeal, drawn from his obscurity, and
his name might have been as well known to our history as that of his
brother the reformist. But Mary died too soon for his hopes and those
of many others of his party, though not too soon for the interests
of religion and humanity. All expectation of seeing the admirer and
apologist of Wolsey emerge from his obscurity must end with the
accession of the protestant princess Elizabeth.
[Sidenote: What is known of George Cavendish of Glemsford.]
It is therefore not surprising, and on the whole rather favourable to
our argument, that nearly all which can now be collected of George
Cavendish of Glemsford is contained in the following passage extracted
from certain "Notices of the manor of Cavendish in Suffolk, and of the
Cavendish family while possessed of that manor," which was communicated
to the Society of Antiquaries by Thomas Ruggles, Esq., the owner of the
said manor[35]. Cavendish, it will be recollected, is a manor adjoining
to Glemsford, and which belonged to the same parties.
George Cavendish is stated to be the eldest son of Thomas Cavendish,
Esq. who was clerk of the pipe in the Exchequer. He "was in possession
of the manor of Cavendish Overhall, and had two sons; William was
the eldest, to whom, in the fourth year of Philip and Mary, 1558,
he granted by deed enrolled in Chancery this manor in fee, on the
said William, releasing to his father one annual payment of twenty
marks, and covenanting to pay him yearly for life, at the site of
the mansion-house of Spains-hall, in the parish of Finchingfield,
in the county of Essex, forty pounds, at the four usual quarterly
days of payment. When George Cavendishe died is uncertain: but it is
apprehended in 1561 or 1562.
"William Cavendishe his son was in possession of the manor in the
fourth year of Elizabeth."... "He was succeeded in this estate by his
son William Cavendysh of London, mercer, who, by that description,
and reciting himself to be the son of William Cavendishe, gentleman,
deceased, by deed dated the 25th of July, in the eleventh year of the
reign of Elizabeth, 1569, released all his right and title to this
estate, and to other lands lying in different parishes, to William
Downes of Sudbury, in Suffolk, Esq."
[Sidenote: His fortune decayed.]
[Sidenote: Married before 1526.]
This detail plainly intimates that decay of the consequence and
circumstances of a family which we might expect from the complaints
in the Memoirs of Wolsey, of the unequal dealings of fortune, and of
the little reward all the writer's "painfull diligence" had received.
We see George Cavendish, for a small annual payment in money, giving
up the ancient inheritance of his family, a manor _called after his
own name_: and only eleven years after, that very estate passed to
strangers to the name and blood of the Cavendishes by his grandson and
next heir, who was engaged in trade in the city of London. We find also
what we have the concurrent testimony of the heralds of that time to
prove, that this George Cavendish was married, and the father of sons:
but on a closer inspection we find more than this: we discover that
he must have been married as early as 1526, when we first find the
biographer of Wolsey a member of the Cardinal's household[36]. William
Cavendish, the younger, grandson to George Cavendish, must have been
of full age before he could convey the estate of his forefathers. He
was born therefore as early as 1548. If from this we take a presumed
age of his father at the time of his birth, we shall arrive at this
conclusion, that George Cavendish the grandfather was a family-man at
least as early as 1526.
[Sidenote: A Catholic.]
[Sidenote: Lived in the three reigns.]
To another point, namely, the religious profession of this Suffolk
gentleman, our proof, it must be allowed, is not so decisive. I rely
however, with some confidence, upon this fact, for which we are
indebted to the heralds, that _he was nearly allied to Sir Thomas
More_, the idol of the Catholic party in his own time, and the object
of just respect with good men in all times, Margery his wife being a
daughter of William Kemp of Spains-hall in Essex, Esq. by Mary Colt
his wife, sister to Jane, first wife of the Chancellor[37]. Indeed it
seems as if the Kemps, in whose house the latter days of this George
Cavendish were spent, were of the old profession. The extraordinary
penance to which one of this family subjected himself savours strongly
of habits and opinions generated by the Roman Catholic system. It is
perhaps unnecessary, in the last place, to remind the reader, that what
Mr. Ruggles has discovered to us of the owner of Cavendish shows that
his life was extended through the reigns of the second, third, and
fourth monarchs of the house of Tudor: now the family pedigrees present
us with no other George Cavendish of whom this is the truth. And here
the case is closed.
[Sidenote: Genealogy.]
It has been thought proper to annex the following genealogical table,
which exhibits the relationship subsisting among the several members of
the house of Cavendish whose names have been mentioned in the preceding
treatise.

THOMAS CAVENDISH, = ALICE, daughter and heir of

Clerk of the Pipe. | John Smith of Padbrook-hall,
Will dated 13th April, 1523. | co. Suff.
Died next year. |
|
+----------------------+----------------+
| |
GEORGE, = MARGERY, Sir WILLIAM, = ELIZABETH, third
of Glemsford and | daughter of of North | wife, daughter of
Cavendish, Esq. | Wm. Kemp, Awbrey, and | John Hardwick,
eldest son and heir, | of Spains-hall, Chatsworth, | of Hardwick, co.
Gentleman usher | Essex, Knt. Auditor | Derby, Esq. widow
to Cardinal Wolsey, | niece to Sir of the Court of | of Robert Barlow,
and writer of | Thos. More. Augmentations, | of Barlow, in the
his life. Born | &c. | same county. She
about 1500. Died | Under age 1523 | survived Cavendish,
about 1561 or 1562. | Died 1557. | and married Sir
| | Wm. St. Lowe,
| | and George 6th
| | Earl of Shrewsbury.
| |
+------------+ +-------+-------+
| | |
WILLIAM, 1. HENRY, 1. FRANCES,
gent. of Tutbury Wife of Sir
Owner of the _s. p._ Henry Pierrepoint.
manor of Cavendish | |
1562. | |
| | |
WILLIAM, 2. WILLIAM, 2. ELIZABETH,
of London, mercer. created Earl of Wife of Charles
Sold Cavendish Devonshire 16 Stuart, Earl of
1569. Jac. I. 1618. Lenox.
| |
| |
3. Sir CHARLES, 3. MARY,
of Welbeck, Wife of Gilbert
father of William Talbot, Earl of
Duke of Newcastle. Shrewsbury.

[Sidenote: Origin of the mistaken appropriation of this work.]

Supposing that the reader is convinced by the preceding evidence and
arguments, that this work could not be the production of Sir William
Cavendish, and that he was not the faithful attendant upon Cardinal
Wolsey, I shall give him credit for a degree of curiosity to know how
it happened that a story so far from the truth gained possession of the
public mind, and established itself in so many works of acknowledged
authority. That desire I shall be able to gratify, and will detain
him but a little while longer, when the disclosure has been made of a
process by which error has grown up to the exclusion of truth, in which
it will be allowed that there is something of curiosity and interest.
Error, like rumour, often appears _parva metu primo_, but, like her
also, _vires acquirit eundo_. So it has been in the present instance.
What was at first advanced with all the due modesty of probability
and conjecture, was repeated by another person as something nearer
to certain truth: soon every thing which intimated that it was only
conjecture became laid aside, and it appeared with the broad bold front
in which we now behold it.
[Sidenote: Kennet.]
The father of this misconception was no other than Dr. White Kennet. In
1708, being then only Archdeacon of Huntingdon, this eloquent divine
published a sermon which he had delivered in the great church at
Derby, at the funeral of William the first Duke of Devonshire. Along
with it he gave to the world Memoirs of the Family of Cavendish, in
which nothing was omitted that, in his opinion, might tend to set
off his subject to the best advantage. He lauds even the Countess
of Shrewsbury, and this at a time when he was called to contemplate
the virtues and all womanly perfections of Christian Countess of
Devonshire. It was not to be expected that he should forget the
disinterested attendant upon Wolsey, and the ingenious memorialist
of that great man's rise and fall; whose work had then recently been
given to the public in a third edition. After reciting from it some
particulars of Cavendish's attendance upon the Cardinal, and especially
noticing his faithful adherence to him when others of his domestics
had fled to find a sun not so near its setting, he concludes in these
words: "To give a more lasting testimony of his gratitude to the
Cardinal, he drew up a fair account of his life and death, of which the
oldest copy is in the hands of the noble family of Pierrepoint, into
which the author's daughter was married: for _without express authority
we may gather from circumstances_, that this very writer was the head
of the present family; the same person with the immediate founder of
the present noble family, William Cavendish of Chatsworth, com. Derb.
Esq." p. 63.
[Sidenote: Collins.]
The editors of the Peerages, ever attentive to any disclosure that
may add dignity to the noble families whose lives and actions are
the subjects of their labours, were not unmindful of this discovery
made by the learned Archdeacon. The book so popular in this country
under the name of Collins's Peerage was published by the industrious
and highly respectable Arthur Collins, then a bookseller at the
Black Boy in Fleet-street, in a single volume, in the year 1709. In
the account of the Devonshire family no more is said of Sir William
Cavendish than had been told by Dugdale, and than is the undoubted
truth[38]. But when, in 1712, a new edition appeared, we find added
to the account of Sir William Cavendish all that the Archdeacon had
said of Mr. Cavendish, the attendant upon Wolsey: but with this
remarkable difference, arising probably in nothing more blameworthy
than inattention, that while Kennet had written "for _without_ express
authority we may gather from circumstances, &c." Collins says, "for
_with_ express authority we may gather from circumstances, &c.[39]" A
third edition appeared in 1715, in two volumes, in which no change is
made in the Cavendish article[40]. In 1735 the Peerage had assumed a
higher character, and appeared with the arms engraven on copper-plates,
in four handsome octavo volumes. In this edition we find the whole
article has been recomposed; and we no longer hear of the _gathering
from circumstances_, or the _with_ or _without_ express authority; but
the account of Sir William Cavendish's connexion with the Cardinal is
told with all regularity, dovetailed with authentic particulars of his
life, forming a very compact and, seemingly, consistent story[41].
The only material change that has been introduced in the successive
editions of a work which has been so often revised and reprinted, has
arisen from the discovery made by some later editor, that my Lord
Herbert had quoted the work as the production of a George Cavendish.
The gentle editors were not however to be deprived of what tended in
their opinion so much to the credit of the house of Cavendish, and
rendered the account they had to give of its founder so much more
satisfactory. Without ceremony, therefore, they immediately put down
the quotation to the inaccuracy and inattention of that noble author.
[Sidenote: The Biographia.]
Having once gained an establishment in a work so highly esteemed and
so widely dispersed, and carrying a _prim facie_ appearance of truth,
it is easy to see how the error would extend itself, especially as in
this country the number of persons is so small who attend to questions
of this nature, and as the means of correcting it were not so obvious
as since the publication of the "Ecclesiastical Biography." But it
assumed its most dangerous consequence by its introduction into the
Biographia. The greatest blemish of that extremely valuable collection
of English lives seems to be that its pages are too much loaded with
stale genealogy taken from the commonest of our books. Wherever Collins
afforded them information, the writers of that work have most gladly
accepted of it, and have
"----------whisper'd whence they stole
Their balmy sweets,"
by using in many instances his own words. His facts they seem to have
generally assumed as indubitable. In the present instance nothing
more was done than to new-mould the account given of Sir William
Cavendish in the later editions of the Peerage, and, by an unprofitable
generalization of the language, to make his mixture of truth and fable
more palatable to the taste of their readers.
[Sidenote: Bragg the bookseller.]
Poor Arthur Collins was not the only bookseller who took advantage of
the learned archdeacon's unfortunate conjecture. There was one Bragg,
a printer, at the Blue Ball in Ave Maria Lane, a man of no very high
character in his profession, who published in 1706 an edition of
Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, taken from the second edition by Dorman
Newman, and with all the errors and omissions of that most unfaithful
impression. Copies were remaining upon his shelves when Kennet's sermon
made its appearance. Rightly judging that this must cause inquiries to
be made after a book, the production of one who was the progenitor of
a person and family at that particular period, from a concurrence of
circumstances, the subject of universal conversation, he cancelled the
anonymous title-page of the remaining copies, and issued what he called
a "Second Edition," with a long Grub-street title beginning thus:
 Sir William Cavendish's
Memoirs of the Life of Cardinal Wolsey,
&c.
This has sometimes been mistaken for a really new edition of the work.
[Sidenote: Editions of the work.]
And having thus adverted to the different editions, it may not be
improper to add a few words on the impressions which have been issued
of this curious biographical fragment. Till Dr. Wordsworth favoured the
public with his "Ecclesiastical Biography," what we had was rather an
abridgement than the genuine work. But even in its mutilated form it
was always popular, and the copies were marked at considerable prices
in the booksellers' catalogues.
The first edition, it is believed, is that in 4to, London, 1641, for
William Sheeres, with the title "The Negotiations of Thomas Woolsey,
the great Cardinall of England, &c. composed by one of his own
Servants, being his Gentleman-Usher." The second was in 12mo, London,
1667, for Dorman Newman, and is entitled "The Life and Death of Thomas
Woolsey, Cardinal, &c. written by one of his own Servants, being his
Gentleman-Usher." The third is the one just mentioned in 8vo, London,
1706, for B. Bragg, and having for its title "The Memoirs of that great
Favourite Cardinal Woolsey, &c." It is supposed that it was first
made public in order to provoke a comparison between Wolsey and the
unpopular Archbishop Laud. These are the only editions known to the
writer.
It is printed in the form of notes to Grove's History of the Life and
Times of Cardinal Wolsey[42], again in the Harleian Miscellany, and
in the selection from that work. And last of all, it forms a most
valuable part of the "Ecclesiastical Biography," published by Dr.
Wordsworth.
[Sidenote: The supposed edition of 1590.]
It must not however be concealed that mention has been made of a still
earlier edition than any of those above described. Bishop Nicholson, in
his English Historical Library[43], asserts that it was published at
London in 4to, 1590; and in this he is followed by Dodd the Catholic
historian. Nicholson's authority is not very high in respect of
bibliographical information; and there is great reason to believe that
he has here described an edition to be found only in the _Bibliotheca
abscondita_ of Sir Thomas Brown. This however is certain, that the
commentators on Shakspeare are agreed, that though the labours of
Cavendish must have been known in part to our great Dramatist, he has
followed them so closely in many of his scenes, it could have been only
by a perusal of them in manuscript, or by the ample quotations made
from them in the pages of Hollinshead and Stowe. Mr. Malone indeed
expressly affirms that they were not sent to the press before 1641.
The earliest edition known to the editor of the Censura Literaria,
whose intimate acquaintance with early English literature every one
acknowledges, and whose attention has been peculiarly drawn to this
work, was of that date. The catalogues, published and unpublished, of
most of our principal libraries have been consulted, and no earlier
edition than that of 1641 found in any one of them. No earlier
edition than that is to be found in the Royal Library at Paris. It
appears, therefore, on the whole, most probable that though there
are undoubtedly black-letter stores, which the diligence of modern
bibliomaniacs has not brought to light, no such edition exists, as
that which the author of the English Historical Library tells us was
published in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and during the height of the
persecutions which she authorized against the Catholics. Under this
persuasion the succeeding sheets have been composed.
It is possible that Bishop Nicholson may have been misled by another
work on the same subject; The Aspiring, Triumph, and Fall of Wolsey,
by Thomas Storer, Student of Christ Church. This appeared in _quarto_,
1599.
[Sidenote: Conclusion.]
The writer now lays down his pen with something like a persuasion that
it will be allowed he has proved his two points,--that Sir William
Cavendish of Chatsworth could not have been the author of the Life of
Wolsey, and that we owe the work to his brother George Cavendish of
Glemsford. The necessary inference also is, that the foundation of the
present grandeur of the house of Cavendish was not laid, as is commonly
understood, in an attendance upon Cardinal Wolsey, and in certain
favourable circumstances connected with that service. The inquiry,
even in all its bearings, like many other literary inquiries, cannot
be considered as of very high importance. The writer will not however
affect to insinuate that he considers it as of no consequence. In works
so universally consulted as the Biographia and the Peerages, it is
desirable that no errors of any magnitude should remain undetected and
unexposed. Error begets error, and truth begets truth: nor can any one
say how much larger in both cases may be the offspring than the sire. I
do not indeed scruple to acknowledge, that, though not without a relish
for inquiries which embrace objects of far greater magnitude, and a
disposition justly to appreciate their value, I should be thankful to
the man who should remove my uncertainty, as to whose countenance was
concealed by the _Masque de Fer_, or would tell me whether Richard
was the hunch-backed tyrant, and Harry "the nimble-footed mad-cap"
exhibited by our great dramatist; whether Charles wrote the
,
d L dy P c
gto
"Te oe Duty of M
." Not t t I oud
p ce t umbe dquto
o
eve t te 
qure c  ve
bee

ttuted
d o e r
edy co
ducted 
to tee ever  queto
.
I
o
e m ter  po
t, oever, eve
t dquto
m y c e
ge

equ ty t tem. Tere  muc
e rer ppro c m de to _cert 
ty_
t

te dcuo
 of
y of te boveme
to
ed o muc gre ter
queto
.
Tere re mo
gt re der of boo ome pero
 oe m
d be
g
every mome
t occuped 
te co
temp to
of object of te get
mport
ce, oo do
t co
tempt upo
te
tur t t 
_eucopr_, te crtc t  a
d work, th
astronomr at his _nbul_, an th toiling antiquary at vry thing.
On wor to ths gntlmn bfor w part. To thm may b rcommn 
th wor s of a writr of our own ay, a man of an nlarg an highly
cultivat min :--
"H who trmins with crtainty a singl spcis of th minutst
moss, or manst insct, a s so far to th gnral stock of human
knowl g, which is mor than can b sai of many a clbrat nam.
No on can tll of what importanc that simpl fact may b to futur
ags: an whn w consi r how many millions of our fllow-craturs
pass through lif without furnishing a singl atom to augmnt that
stock, w shall larn to think with mor rspct of thos who o."
THE END.
FOOTNOTES:
[7] Kippis's E it. vol. iii. p. 321.
[8] Vol. i. p. 302.
[9] Vol. i. p. 314.
[10] S th marginal rfrncs in th Biographia an th Prags.
[11] Catalogu Harl. MSS. No. 428.
[12] Vol. ii. p. 51.
[13] In his 'Ecclsiastical Biography; or, Livs of minnt Mn
connct with th History of Rligion in Englan ,' 6 vols. 8vo. a
usful an valuabl collction, Dr. Wor sworth vry proprly rjct
th parnthsis, "at which tim it was apparnt that h ha poison
himslf," which ha bn intro uc into th print copis without
th authority of th manuscripts. Th  itor of th Cnsura Litraria
onc intimat his intntion to prpar an  ition of this work. (C. L.
iii. 372.) How coul th prss of L Priory, of whos powrs w hav
ha so many favourabl spcimns, hav bn mor worthily ngag than
in pro ucing a corrct  ition of this valuabl pic of antiquarian
lor,--xcpt in favouring th public with mor of its abl irctor's
own fling an bautiful ssays?
[14] Vol. i. p. 321.
[15] Th ra r will bar in min that this passag was writtn in
1814, whn th writr coul not, for obvious rasons, hav bn
acquaint with th claims of Mr. Lloy 's manuscript, to b consi r
as th _original autograph_ of th author. I will hr tak occasion
to obsrv that, to th manuscripts numrat abov, two mor may
b a  , scrib in th prfac to th Lif, which ar in th
possssion of th writr of this not. S. W. S.
[16] It appars by th Catalogus MSS. Angli that thr wr two copis
in th library of Dr. Hnry Jons, rctor of Sunningwll in Brks, both
in folio: an a thir also in folio among th MSS. of th Rv. Abraham
D la Prym, F. R. S. of Thorn in Yorkshir. Thr was a copy in th
vry curious library form about th mi l of th last cntury by Dr.
Cox Macro at his hous, Norton nar St. E mun 's Bury.
[17] S th 'Royal an Nobl Authors,' p. 202, an Fasti Oxon. vol.
ii. col. 706,  . 1692.
[18] P. 102 in th prsnt  ition.
[19] In th Autograph MS. it stan s--"an _aftr_ Earl of Sussx," v.
p. 179 in th prsnt  ition.
[20] Mills's Catalogu of Honour, p. 667.
[21]
[Si not: A suppos anachronism xplain .]
Th ra r will, it is hop , xcus th _minutnss_ of this inquiry.
W hav nough to tach us to tak nothing upon trust that has bn
sai concrning this work: an som oubts hav bn xprss as
to th prio at which it was writtn, groun  on a passag nar
th conclusion. Cavn ish tlls us that whn th Car inal lft th
hospitabl mansion of th Earl of Shrwsbury at Shffil , on th
bor rs of Yorkshir, "h took his journy with Mastr Kingston an
th guar . An as soon as thy spi thir ol mastr in such a
lamntabl stat, thy lamnt him with wping ys. Whom my lor
took by th han s, an ivrs tims, by th way, as h ro , h woul
talk with thm, somtim with on, an somtim with anothr; at night
h was lo g at a hous of th Earl of Shrwsbury's, call Har wick
Hall, vry vil at as. Th nxt ay h ro  to Nottingham, an thr
lo g that night, mor sickr, an th nxt ay w ro  to Licstr
Abby; an by th way h wax so sick, that h was ivrs tims likly
to hav falln from his mul." p. 536. This is an affcting pictur.
Shakspar ha un oubt ly sn ths wor s, his portrait of th sick
an ying Car inal so closly rsmbling this. But in ths wor s is
this chronological ifficulty. How is it that Har wick Hall is spokn
of as a hous of th Earl of Shrwsbury's in th rign of Hnry VIII.
or at last in th ays of Qun Mary, whn it was wll known that
th hous of this nam btwn Shffil an Nottingham, in which th
Countss of Shrwsbury spnt hr wi owhoo , a hous scrib in th
Anc ots of Painting, an sn an a mir by vry curious travllr
in Drbyshir, i not accru to th possssions of any part of th
Shrwsbury family till th marriag of an arl, who was gran son to
th Car inal's host, with Elizabth Har wick, th wi ow of Sir William
Cavn ish, in th tim of Qun Elizabth? If I rcollct right, this
ifficulty prplx that larn Drbyshir antiquary Dr. Samul
Pgg, who has writtn somwhat at lngth on th qustion, whthr
th Car inal mt his ath in consqunc of having takn poison.
S Gnt. Mag. vol. xxv. p. 27, an vol. liii. p. 751. Th  itor of
th Topographr proposs to corrct th txt by ra ing Wingfil in
plac of Har wick; vol. ii. p. 79. Th truth, howvr, is, that though
th story is tol to vry visitor of Har wick Hall, that "th grat
chil of honour, Car inal Wolsy," slpt thr a fw nights bfor his
ath; as is also th story, qually unfoun  , that Mary Qun of
Scots was confin thr; it was anothr Har wick which rciv th
wary travllr for a night in this his last mlancholy pilgrimag.
This was Har wick upon Lin in Nottinghamshir, a plac about as far to
th south of Mansfil , as th Har wick in Drbyshir, so much bttr
known, is to th north-wst. It is now gon to much cay, an is
consquntly omitt in many maps of th county. It is foun in Sp .
Hr th Earl of Shrwsbury ha a hous in th tim of Wolsy. Llan
xprssly mntions it. "Th Erl [of Shrwsbury] hath a park an manr
plac or lo g yn it caulli Har wik upon Lin, a four mils from
Nwst  Abbay." Itin. vol. v. fol. 94. p. 108. Both th Har wicks
bcam aftrwar s th proprty of th Cavn ishs. Thoroton tlls us
that Sir Charls Cavn ish, youngst son of Sir William, an fathr of
William Duk of Nwcastl, "ha bgun to buil a grat hous in this
lor ship, on a hill by th forst si , nar Annsly Woo hous, whn
h was assault an woun  by Sir John Stanhop an his mn, as h
was viwing th work, which was thrfor thought fit to b lft off,
som blou bing spilt in th quarrl, thn vry hot btwn th two
familis." Throsby's  it. vol. ii. p. 294.
[22] Th rfrnc is to Dr. Wor sworth's txt; th passag will b
foun at p. 77 of th prsnt  ition. Th sam strain of qurulous
complaint occurs in his prologu to th Mtrical Visions:
How som ar by fortun xalt to richs,
An oftn such as most unworthy b, &c.
Aftrwar s h chcks himslf, an calls Dam Rason to his ai :
But aftr w srch an bttr a vismnt,
I knw by Rason that oonly Go abov
Rwlith thos thyngs, as is most convnynt,
Th sam vysing to man for his bhov:
Whrfor Dam Rason i m prsua  an mov
To b contnt with my _small stat_,
An in this mattr no mor to vstigat.
Hr w hav cisiv proof that th writr's fortuns wr not in th
flourishing con ition which mark thos of Sir William Cavn ish at
this prio , i. . in th rign of Mary.
S. W. S.
[23]
[Si not: John Wilson of Bromha .]
It form part of th curious collction of manuscripts ma  by th
lat John Wilson, Esq. of Bromha nar Shffil , in Yorkshir; a
gntlman who spnt a long lif in collcting, an transcribing whr
h coul not procur possssion of th original, whatvr might throw
any light upon th scnt of proprty, or on th history, languag, or
mannrs of our ancstors. H was th intimat frin an corrspon nt
of Burton, Watson, Brook, Bckwith, an in  of all that gnration
of Yorkshir antiquaris which pass away with th lat Mr. Baumont
of Whitly Baumont. Mr. Wilson i in 1783. Cavn ish's library was
not th bst furnish apartmnt of his magnificnt mansion. For th
satisfaction of th gntl Bibliomaniac, I shall transcrib th brif
catalogu of his books. "Chawcr, Froyssart Cronicls, a bok of
Frnch an English." Thy wr kpt in th nw parlr, whr wr also
th pictor of our sov^rign lor th kyng, th pyctor of th Frnch
kyng an anothr of th Frnch qun: also 'two othr tabls, on
with tow antick boys, & th othr of a story of th Bybl.' In 'th
lyttl parlr' was 'a paynty cloth with th pictor of Kyng Harry th
VIII^{th} our sovrygn lor , & kyng Harry th VII^{th} & th VI^{th},
E war th Forth & Rychar th Thir .'
[24] Th authoritis for this tail of th mploymnts, rwar s, an
honours of Sir William Cavn ish ar to b foun in th Biographia an
th Prags.
[25] Lif an Tims, &c. vol. iii. p. 98.
[26]
[Si not: Mary, Countss of Northumbrlan .]
Though littl crmony an probably as littl tim was us in
patching up ths nuptials. As might b xpct , thy wr most
unhappy. So w ar tol on th authority of th arl's own lttrs in
th vry labour account of th Prcy family givn in th  ition
of Collins's Prag, 1779; prhaps th bst pic of family history
in our languag. "Hnry th unthrifty," Earl of Northumbrlan , i
at Hackny in th prim of lif, about tn or twlv yars aftr h
ha consnt to this marriag. Of this trm but a vry small part
was spnt in company of his la y. H liv long nough, howvr, not
only to witnss th struction of all his own happinss, but th sa
trmination of Ann Bolyn's lif. In th a mirabl account of th
Prcy family, rfrr to abov, no mntion is ma  of th la y who,
on ths trms, consnt to bcom Countss of Northumbrlan , in hr
long wi owhoo . Sh ha a valuabl grant of abby lan s an tyths,
from which, probably, sh riv hr principal support. On lttr of
hrs has falln into my han s. It prsnts hr in an amiabl position.
Sh is pla ing in bhalf of a poor man whos cattl ha bn impoun 
by on of La y Cavn ish's agnts. Its at an plac is to th y
Wormhill[27]; but th running han of that ag, whn not carfully
writtn, is not to b pn  on for rprsnting propr nams with
prfct xactnss, an th plac may b Wrshill, which was a hous of
th Northumbrlan family. Sh i in 1572; an on th 17th of May
hr mortal rmains wr posit in th vault ma  by hr fathr in
Shffil church, whr slp so many of hr nobl rlativs, som of
thm in monumntal honours.
[27] In justic to th amiabl author of this ssay, who is xtrmly
anxious to b accurat, I think it propr to appris th ra r that
th not takn from th formr  ition of his work at p. 127 must b
qualifi by what is hr stat . In a lttr with which I hav bn
favour , h says, "I hav look again an again at th lttr, an
th wor is crtainly (if w may ju g from th charactrs which th
la y's pn has form ) _Wormhill_: yt still I think it must hav bn
intn  for _Wrshill_, as I hav mt with nothing ls to show that
th la y ha a hous at Wormhill." S. W. S.
[28] Broa gat in Licstrshir. S th Funral Crtificat. Thy
wr marri on th 20th Aug. 1 E w. VI., at two o'clock aftr mi night.
[29] Among th Wilson collction is a list of jwls prsnt to th
Countss of Shrwsbury by th Qun of Scotlan .
[30] S "Mmoirs of th Prs of Englan uring th Rign of Jams th
First," p. 19. Lo g's "Illustrations," &c. iii. 50-64, an Harl. MS.
in Brit. Mus. No. 4836. fol. 325. an 6846. fol. 97.
[31] "Illustrations," &c. Intro . p. 17.
[32]
[Si not: Original Lttr of Sir William Cavn ish.]
To Bss Cavn ysh
my wyff.
Goo Bss, having forgottn to wryght in my lttrs that you shul
pay Otwll Alayn ight poun s for crtayn otys that w hav bought
of hym ov^r an abov x^{li} that I hav pai to hym in han , I
hrtly pray you for that h is syrus to rcyv th rst at Lon on,
to pay hym uppon th sight hrof. You know my stor an thrfor I
hav appoynty hym to hav it at yo^r han s. An thus far you wll.
From Chattsworth th xiii^{th} of Aprll.
W. C.
[33] Ath. Oxon. vol. i. col. 569.  . 1691.
[34]
[Si not: Original titl of th work.]
Non of th publishrs of this work hav givn us th original titl.
I shall hr transcrib it as it appars upon th manuscript in th
Library of th Collg of Arms.
Thomas Wolsy, lat Car inall intitul
of S^t Cicil trans Tibrim prsbytr an
Lor Chauncllar of Englan , his lyf
an ath, compil by Gorg
Cavn ish, his gntlman Ushr.
[35] Archologia, vol. xi. p. 50-62.
[36] S pag 4.
[37] S Vincnt's Suffolk. MS. in Col. Arm. fol. 149, an compar
with Morant's Essx, vol. ii. p. 363, an with th account of th
Cavn ishs in th Prags.
[38] S pag 84.
[39] S p. 100.
[40] Vol. i. p. 106.
[41] Vol. i. p. 122. It is singular nough that in this  ition th
nam of th Car inal's attn ant an biographr, by a slip of th pn,
is writtn _Gorg_. S lin 38. It is plain from th connxion that
this must hav bn an unintn  blun r into th truth. It was uly
corrct in th latr  itions.
[42] Mr. Grov subsquntly (in 1761) mt with what h consi r "an
antint an curious manuscript copy writtn about on hun r an
fifty yars ago," an from this h print an  ition in 8vo, with a
prfac an nots, th a vrtismnt to which bars th abov at.
It appars to b on of th rarst of English books, an was probably
nvr publish : th copy with which I hav bn favour by Richar
Hbr, Esq. M. P. having no titl-pag. Thr ar othr curious tracts
in th volum on th subjct of Wolsy, having sparat titls baring
no booksllr's nam, but purporting to b print _for th Author_ by
Dry n Lach, an all in 1761.
S. W. S.
[43] 4to, 1776, p. 116.

Th Lif of Thomas Wolsy,

somtim Archbishop of York
an Car inal,
intitul Sanct Ccili trans Tibrim,
Prsbitr Car inalis, an L. Chancllor of Englan .
 Writtn by
Gorg Cavn ish, somtim his Gntlman Ushr.

------------This Car inal,

Though from an humbl stock, un oubt ly
Was fashion' to much honour from his cra l.
H was a scholar, an a rip, an goo on;
Exc ing wis, fair spokn, an prsua ing:
Lofty, an sour, to thm that lov' him not,
But, to thos mn that sought him, swt as summr.
An though h wr unsatisfi in gtting,
(Which was a sin), yt in bstowing--
H was most princly: Evr witnss for him
Ipswich an Oxfor ! on of which fll with him,
Unwilling to outliv th goo that i it;
Th othr, though unfinish' , yt so famous,
So xcllnt in art, an yt so rising,
That Christn om shall vr spak his virtu.
His ovrthrow hap' happinss upon him;
For thn, an not till thn, h flt himslf,
An foun th blss nss of bing littl:
An , to a gratr honours to his ag
Than man coul giv him, h i faring Go .
SHAKSPEARE.

[Illustration: CARDINAL WOLSEY.

ENGRAVED BY E. SCRIVEN.
AFTER THE ORIGINAL PICTURE.
_Lon on, Publish Jan^y. 1, 1825, by Har ing, Triphook & Lpar ._]

THE
LIFE
OF
CARDINAL WOLSEY.

THE PROLOGUE.

[Msms it wr no wis om to cr it vry light tal, blast abroa

by th blasphmous mouth of th ru  commonalty. For w aily har how,
with thir blasphmous trump, thy spra abroa innumrabl lis,
without ithr sham or honsty, which _prim faci_ showth forth a
visag of truth, as though it wr a prfct vrity an mattr in  ,
whras thr is nothing mor untru. An amongst th wis sort so it
is stm , with whom thos babblings b of small forc an ffct.
Forsooth I hav ra th xclamations of ivrs worthy an notabl
authors, ma  against such fals rumours an fon opinions of th
fantastical commonalty, who lightth in nothing mor than to har
strang things, an to s nw altrations of authoritis; rjoicing
somtims in such nw fantasis, which aftrwar s giv thm mor
occasion of rpntanc than of joyfulnss. Thus may all mn of wis om
an iscrtion un rstan th tmrous ma nss of th ru  commonalty,
an not giv to thm too hasty cr it of vry su n rumour, until th
truth b prfctly known by th rport of som approv an cr ibl
prson, that ought to hav throf tru intllignc. I hav har an
also sn st forth in ivrs print books som untru imaginations,
aftr th ath of ivrs prsons, which in thir lif wr of grat
stimation, that wr invnt rathr to bring thir honst nams into
infamy an prptual slan r of th common multitu , than othrwis.
Th occasion thrfor that makth m to rhars all ths things is
this; for as much as I intn , Go willing, to writ hr som part
of th proc ings of][44] Lgat an Car inal Wolsy, Archbishop of
York, an of his ascn ing an scn ing from honorous stat; whrof
som part shall b of min own knowl g, an som of othr prson's
information.
Forsooth this car inal was my lor an mastr, whom in his lif I
srv , an so rmain with him, aftr his fall, continually, uring
th trm of all his troubl, until h i ; as wll in th south as in
th north parts, an not all his manor an usag in all that tim;
as also in his walthy triumph an glorious stat. An sinc his ath
I hav har ivrs sun ry surmiss an imagin tals, ma  of his
proc ings an oings, which I myslf hav prfctly known to b most
untru; unto th which I coul hav sufficintly answr accor ing to
truth, but, as m smth, thn it was much bttr for m to suffr,
an issmbl th mattr, an th sam to rmain still as lis, than
to rply against thir untruth, of whom I might, for my bol nss,
soonr hav kin l a grat flam of isplasur, than to qunch on
spark of thir malicious untruth. Thrfor I commit th truth to Him
who knowth all things. For, whatsovr any man hath conciv in him
whn h liv , or sinc his ath, thus much I ar b bol to say,
without isplasur to any prson, or of affction, that in my ju gmnt
I nvr saw this ralm in bttr or r, quitnss, an ob inc,
than it was in th tim of his authority an rul, n justic bttr
ministr with in iffrncy; as I coul vi ntly prov, if I shoul
not b accus of too much affction, or ls that I st forth mor
than truth. I will thrfor hr sist to spak any mor in his
commn ation, an proc farthr to his original bginning [an ]
ascn ing by fortun's favour to high honours, ignitis, promotions,
an richs.
_Finis quo G. C._
* * * * *
Truth it is, Car inal Wolsy, somtim Archbishop of York, was an
honst poor man's son[45], born in Ipswich, within th county of
Suffolk; an bing but a chil , was vry apt to larning; by mans
whrof his parnts, or his goo frin s an mastrs, convy him to
th Univrsity of Oxfor , whr h prospr so in larning, that,
as h tol m [in] his own prson, h was call th boy-bachllor,
forasmuch as h was ma  Bachllor of Arts at fiftn yars of ag,
which was a rar thing, an sl om sn.
Thus prospring an incrasing in larning, [h] was ma  Fllow
of Mag aln Collg, an aftr appoint , for his larning, to b
schoolmastr thr; at which tim th Lor Marquss Dorst ha thr of
his sons thr at school with him, committing as wll unto him thir
virtuous  ucation, as thir instruction an larning. It plas
th sai marquss against a Christmas sason, to sn as wll for
th schoolmastr as for his chil rn, hom to his hous, for thir
rcration in that plasant an honourabl fast. Thy bing thn
thr, my lor thir fathr prciv thm to b right wll mploy in
larning, for thir tim: which contnt him so wll, that h having
a bnfic[46] in his gift, bing at that tim voi , gav th sam
to th schoolmastr, in rwar for his ilignc, at his parting
aftr Christmas upon his rturn to th Univrsity. An having th
prsntation throf [h] rpair to th or inary for his institution
an in uction; thn bing fully furnish of all ncssary instrumnts
at th or inary's han s for his prfrmnt, h ma  sp without any
farthr lay to th sai bnfic to tak throf possssion. An
bing thr for that intnt, on Sir Amyas Pawlt, knight, wlling in
th country thrabout, took an occasion of isplasur against him,
upon what groun I know not[47]: but, sir, by your lav, h was so
bol to st th schoolmastr by th ft uring his plasur; th which
was aftrwar nithr forgottn nor forgivn. For whn th schoolmastr
mount th ignity to b Chancllor of Englan , h was not oblivious
of th ol isplasur ministr unto him by mastr Pawlt, but snt
for him, an aftr many sharp an hinous wor s, njoin him to
attn upon th council until h wr by thm ismiss , an not to
part without licns, upon an urgnt pain an forfitur: so that h
continu within th Mi l Tmpl, th spac of fiv or six yars, or
mor; whos lo ging thr was in th gat-hous nxt th strt, which
h r ifi vry sumptuously, garnishing th sam, on th outsi 
throf, with car inals' hats an arms, ba gs an cognisauncs of th
car inal, with ivrs othr vics, in so glorious a sort, that h
thought thrby to hav appas his ol unkin isplasur.
Now may this b a goo xampl an prc nt to mn in authority,
which will somtims work thir will without wit, to rmmbr in thir
authority, how authority may cay; an [thos] whom thy punish of
will mor than of justic, may aftr b a vanc in th public wal
to high ignitis an govrnanc, an thy bas as low, who will
thn sk th mans to b rvng of ol wrongs sustain wrongfully
bfor. Who woul hav thought thn, whn Sir Amyas Pawlt punish
this poor scholar, that vr h shoul hav attain to b Chancllor
of Englan , consi ring his basnss in vry con ition. Ths b
won rful works of Go , an fortun. Thrfor I woul wish all mn
in authority an ignity to know an far Go in all thir triumphs
an glory; consi ring in all thir oings, that authoritis b not
prmannt, but may sli  an vanish, as princs' plasurs o altr an
chang.
Thn as all living things must of vry ncssity pay th u bt of
natur, which no arthly cratur can rsist, it chanc my sai Lor
Marquss to part out of this prsnt lif[48]. Aftr whos ath this
schoolmastr, consi ring thn with himslf to b but a small bnfic
man, an to hav lost his fllowship in th Collg (for, as I
un rstan , if a fllow of that collg b onc promot to a bnfic
h shall by th ruls of th hous b ismiss of his fllowship),
an prciving himslf also to b stitut of his singular goo lor ,
thought not to b long unprovi  of som othr succour or staff, to
fn him from all such harms, as h latly sustain .
An in his travail thrabout, h fll in acquaintanc with on Sir
John Nanphant[49], a vry grav an ancint knight, who ha a grat
room[50] in Calais un r King Hnry th Svnth. This knight h srv ,
an bhav him so iscrtly, an justly, that h obtain th
spcial favour of his sai mastr; insomuch that for his wit, gravity,
an just bhaviour, h committ all th charg of his offic unto his
chaplain. An , as I un rstan , th offic was th trasurrship of
Calais, who was, in consi ration of his grat ag, ischarg of his
chargabl room, an rturn again into Englan , intn ing to liv
mor at quit. An through his instant labour an spcial favour his
chaplain was promot to th king's srvic, an ma  his chaplain. An
whn h ha onc cast anchor in th port of promotion, how h wrought,
I shall somwhat clar.
H, having thn a just occasion to b in th prsnt sight of th
king aily, by rason h attn  , an sai mass bfor his grac in
his privat clost, an that on h spnt not th ay forth in vain
i lnss, but gav his attn anc upon thos whom h thought to bar
most rul in th council, an to b most in favour with th king,
th which at that tim wr Doctor Fox, Bishop of Winchstr, thn
scrtary an lor privy sal, an also Sir Thomas Lovll, knight, a
vry sag counsllor, an witty; bing mastr of th king's war s, an
constabl of th Towr[51].
Ths ancint an grav counsllors in procss of tim aftr oftn
rsort, prciv this chaplain to hav a vry fin wit, an what
wis om was in his ha , thought [him] a mt an an apt prson to b
prfrr to witty affairs.
It chanc at a crtain sason that th king ha an urgnt occasion
to sn an ambassa or unto th mpror Maximilian[52], who lay at
that prsnt in th Low Country of Flan rs, not far from Calais.
Th Bishop of Winchstr, an Sir Thomas Lovll, whom th king most
highly stm , as chif among his counsllors (th king on ay
counslling an bating with thm upon this mbassy), saw thy ha
a convnint occasion to prfr th king's chaplain, whos xcllnt
wit, loqunc[53], an larning thy highly commn  to th king. Th
king giving ar unto thm, an bing a princ of an xcllnt ju gmnt
an mo sty, comman  [thm] to bring his chaplain, whom thy so much
commn  , bfor his grac's prsnc. At whos rpair [thithr] to
prov th wit of his chaplain, th king fll in communication with
him in mattrs of wight an gravity: an , prciving his wit to b
vry fin, thought him sufficint to b put in authority an trust
with this mbassy; [an ] comman  him thrupon to prpar himslf
to this ntrpris an journy, an for his pch[54], to rpair
to his grac an his trusty counsllors aforsai , of whom h shoul
rciv his commission an instructions. By mans whrof h ha thn
a u occasion to rpair from tim to tim into th king's prsnc,
who prciv him mor an mor to b a vry wis man, an of a goo
ntn mnt[55]. An having his pch, [h] took his lav of th
king at Richmon about noon, an so cam to Lon on with sp [about
four of th clock[56]], whr thn th barg of Gravsn was ra y
to launch forth, both with a prosprous ti  an win . Without any
farthr abo  h ntr th barg, an so pass forth. His happy
sp was such that h arriv at Gravsn within littl mor than
thr hours; whr h tarri no longr than his post horss wr
provi  ; an travlling so sp ily with post horss, that h cam to
Dovr th nxt morning arly, whras th passngrs[57] wr ra y
un r sail isplay , to sail to Calais. Into which passngrs without
any farthr abo  h ntr , an sail forth with thm, [so] that h
arriv at Calais within thr hours, an having thr post horss
in a ra inss, part incontinnt, making such hasty sp , that
h was that night with th mpror; who, having un rstan ing of th
coming of th King of Englan 's ambassa or, woul in no wis fr th
tim, but snt incontinnt for him (his affction unto King Hnry th
Svnth was such, that h rjoic whn h ha an occasion to show him
plasur). Th ambassa or having opportunity, isclos th sum of his
mbassy unto th mpror, of whom h rquir sp y xp ition, th
which was grant ; so that th nxt ay h was clarly ispatch , with
all th king's rqusts fully accomplish . At which tim h ma  no
farthr tarrianc, but with post horss ro  incontinnt that night
towar Calais again, con uct thithr with such numbr of horsmn as
th mpror ha appoint , an [was] at th opning of th gats thr,
whr th passngrs wr as ra y to rturn into Englan as thy wr
bfor in his a vancing; insomuch that h arriv at Dovr by tn of
th clock bfor noon; an having post horss in a ra inss, cam to
th court at Richmon that night. Whr h taking his rst for that
tim until th morning, rpair to th king at his first coming out
of his grac's b chambr, towar his clost to har mass. Whom (whn
h saw) [h] chck him for that h was not past on his journy.
"Sir," quoth h, "if it may stan with your highnss' plasur, I
hav alra y bn with th mpror, an ispatch your affairs, I
trust, to your grac's contntation." An with that livr unto th
king th mpror's lttrs of cr nc. Th king, bing in a grat
confus an won r of his hasty sp with ra y furnitur of all his
proc ings, issimul all his imagination an won r in that mattr,
an man  of him, whthr h ncountr not his pursuivant, th
which h snt unto him (supposing him not to b scantly out of Lon on)
with lttrs concrning a vry ncssary caus, nglct in his
commission an instructions, th which th king covt much to b
sp . "Ys, forsooth, Sir," quoth h, "I ncountr him ystr ay by
th way: an , having no un rstan ing by your grac's lttrs of your
plasur thrin, hav, notwithstan ing, bn so bol , upon min own
iscrtion (prciving that mattr to b vry ncssary in that bhalf)
to ispatch th sam. An for as much as I hav xc  your grac's
commission, I most humbly rquir your gracious rmission an par on."
Th king rjoicing inwar ly not a littl, sai again, "W o not only
par on you throf, but also giv you our princly thanks, both for th
proc ing thrin, an also for your goo an sp y xploit[58],"
comman ing him for that tim to tak his rst, an to rpair again to
him aftr innr, for th farthr rlation of his mbassy. Th king
thn wnt to mass; an aftr at convnint tim h wnt to innr.
It is not to b oubt but that this ambassa or hath bn sinc his
rturn with his grat frin s, th Bishop of Winchstr, an Sir Thomas
Lovll, to whom h hath clar th ffct of all his sp y progrss;
nor yt what joy thy conciv throf. An aftr his partur from
th king in th morning, his highnss snt for th bishop, an Sir
Thomas Lovll; to whom h clar th won rful xp ition of his
ambassa or, commn ing thrwith his xcllnt wit, an in spcial th
invntion an a vancing of th mattr lft out of his commission an
instructions. Th king's wor s rjoic ths worthy counsllors not a
littl, for as much as h was of thir prfrmnt.
Thn whn this ambassa or rmmbr th king's comman mnt, an saw
th tim raw fast on of his rpair bfor th king an his council,
[h] prpar him in a ra inss, an rsort unto th plac assign
by th king, to clar his mbassy. Without all oubt h rport th
ffct of all his affairs an proc ings so xactly, with such gravity
an loqunc that all th council that har him coul o no lss but
commn him, stming his xp ition to b almost byon th capacity
of man. Th king of his mr motion, an gracious consi ration, gav
him at that tim for his ilignt an faithful srvic, th anry
of Lincoln[59], which at that tim was on of th worthist spiritual
promotions that h gav un r th gr of a bishoprick. An thus from
thncforwar h grw mor an mor into stimation an authority, an
aftr [was] promot by th king to b his almonr. Hr may all mn
not th chancs of fortun, that followth som whom sh listth to
promot, an vn so to som hr favour is contrary, though thy shoul
travail nvr so much, with [all th] urgnt ilignc an painful
stu y, that thy coul vis or imagin: whrof, for my part, I hav
tast of th xprinc.
Now y shall un rstan that all this tal that I hav clar of his
goo xp ition in th king's mbassy, I rciv it of his own mouth
an rport, aftr his fall, lying at that tim in th grat park of
Richmon , I bing thn thr attn ing upon him; taking an occasion
upon ivrs communications, to tll m this journy, with all th
circumstancs, as I hav hr bfor rhars .
[Illustration: HENRY THE EIGHTH.
FROM AN ORIGINAL PICTURE BY HOLBEIN.
IN THE COLLECTION OF BARRET BRYDGES ESQ.
AT LEE PRIORY IN KENT.
_Lon on, Publish Jan^y. 1, 1825; by Har ing, Triphook & Lpar ._]
Whn ath (that favourth non stat, king or kisr) ha takn that
pru nt princ Hnry th Svnth out of this prsnt lif (on whos
soul Jsu hav mrcy!) who for his instimabl wis om was not an
call , in vry Christian rgion, th scon Solomon, what practics,
invntions, an compasss wr thn us about that young princ,
King Hnry th Eighth, his only son, an th grat provision ma  for
th funrals of th on, an th costly vics for th coronation of
th othr, with that virtuous Qun Cathrin[60], thn th king's
wif nwly marri . I omit an lav th circumstancs throf to
historiographrs of chronicls of princs, th which is no part min
intn mnt.
Aftr all ths solmnitis an costly triumphs finish , an that
our natural, young, lusty an couragous princ an sovrign lor ,
King Hnry th Eighth, ntring into th flowr of plasant youth,
ha takn upon him th rgal scptr an th imprial ia m of this
frtil an plntiful ralm of Englan (which at that tim flourish
in all abun anc of walth an richs, whrof h was instimably
garnish an furnish ), call thn th gol n worl , such grac of
plnty rign thn within this ralm. Now lt us rturn again unto
th almonr (of whom I hav takn upon m to writ), whos ha was
full of subtil wit an policy, [an ] prciving a plain path to walk
in towar s promotion, [h] han l himslf so politicly, that h foun
th mans to b ma  on of th king's council, an to grow in goo
stimation an favour with th king, to whom th king gav a hous at
Bri wll, in Flt Strt, somtim Sir Richar Empson's[61], whr
h kpt hous for his family, an h aily attn  upon th king in
th court, bing in his spcial grac an favour, [having][62] thn
grat suit ma  unto him, as counsllors most commonly hav that b
in favour. His sntncs an witty prsuasions in th council chambr
[wr][63] always so pithy that thy, always as occasion mov thm,
assign him for his fil tongu an ornat loqunc, to b thir
xpositor unto th king's majsty in all thir proc ings. In whom th
king conciv such a loving fantasy, an in spcial for that h was
most arnst an ra ist among all th council to a vanc th king's
only will an plasur, without any rspct to th cas; th king,
thrfor, prciv him to b a mt instrumnt for th accomplishmnt
of his vis will an plasur, call him mor nar unto him, an
stm him so highly that his stimation an favour put all othr
ancint counsllors out of thir accustom favour, that thy wr in
bfor; insomuch that th king committ all his will an plasur unto
his isposition an or r. Who wrought so all his mattrs, that all his
n avour was only to satisfy th king's min , knowing right wll, that
it was th vry vin an right cours to bring him to high promotion.
Th king was young an lusty, ispos all to mirth an plasur,
an to follow his sir an apptit, nothing min ing to travail in
th busy affairs of this ralm. Th which th almonr prciving vry
wll, took upon him thrfor to isbur n th king of so wighty a
charg an troublsom businss, putting th king in comfort that h
shall not n to spar any tim of his plasur, for any businss that
shoul ncssarily happn in th council, as long as h, bing thr
an having th king's authority an comman mnt, oubt not to s all
things sufficintly furnish an prfct ; th which woul first mak
th king privy of all such mattrs as shoul pass through thir han s
bfor h woul proc to th finishing or trmining of th sam,
whos min an plasur h woul fulfill an follow to th uttrmost,
whrwith th king was won rly plas . An whras th othr ancint
counsllors woul , accor ing to th offic of goo counsllors, ivrs
tims prsua  th king to hav somtim an intrcours in to th
council, thr to har what was on in wighty mattrs, th which
plas th king nothing at all, for h lov nothing wors than to b
constrain to o any thing contrary to his royal will an plasur;
an that knw th almonr vry wll, having a scrt intllignc of
th king's natural inclination, an so fast as th othr counsllors
a vis th king to lav his plasur, an to attn to th affairs
of his ralm, so busily i th almonr prsua  him to th contrary;
which light him much, an caus him to hav th gratr affction
an lov to th almonr. Thus th almonr rul all thm that bfor
rul him; such [things] i his policy an wit bring to pass. Who was
now in high favour, but Mastr Almonr? Who ha all th suit but Mastr
Almonr? An who rul all un r th king, but Mastr Almonr? Thus
h proc  still in favour; at last, in cam prsnts, gifts, an
rwar s so plntifully, that I ar say h lack nothing that might
ithr plas his fantasy or nrich his coffrs; fortun smil so upon
him; but to what n sh brought him, y shall har aftr. Thrfor
lt all mn, to whom fortun xtn th hr grac, not trust too much
to hr fickl favour an plasant promiss, un r colour whrof sh
carrith vnmous gall. For whn sh sth hr srvant in most highst
authority, an that h assurth himslf most assur ly in hr favour,
thn turnth sh hr visag an plasant countnanc unto a frowning
chr, an uttrly forsakth him: such assuranc is in hr inconstant
favour an sugar promis. Whos citful bhaviour hath not bn
hi among th wis sort of famous clrks, that hav xclaim hr
an writtn vhmntly against hr issimulation an fign favour,
warning all mn thrby, th lss to rgar hr, an to hav hr in
small stimation of any trust or faithfulnss.
This almonr, climbing thus hastily on fortun's whl, that no man
was of that stimation with th king as h was, for his wis om an
othr witty qualitis, h ha a spcial gift of natural loqunc[64],
with a fil tongu to pronounc th sam, that h was abl with th
sam to prsua  an allur all mn to his purpos. Proc ing thus
in fortun's blissfulnss, it chanc th wars btwn th ralms
of Englan an Franc to b opn, but upon what occasion I know not,
in so much as th king, bing fully prsua  , an rsolv in his
most royal prson to inva  his forign nmis with a puissant army,
to lay thir hault[65] brags, within thir own trritory: whrfor
it was thought vry ncssary, that this royal ntrpris shoul b
sp ily provi  an plntifully furnish in vry gr of things
apt an convnint for th sam; th xp ition whrof, th king's
highnss thought no man's wit so mt, for policy an painful travail,
as his wllblov almonr's was, to whom thrfor h committ his
whol affianc an trust thrin. An h bing nothing scrupulous in
any thing, that th king woul comman him to o, although it sm to
othr vry ifficil, took upon him th whol charg an bur n of all
this businss, an proc  so thrin, that h brought all things to
a goo pass an purpos in a right cnt or r, as of all mannr of
victuals, provisions, an othr ncssaris, convnint for so nobl a
voyag an puissant army.
All things bing by him prfct , an furnish , th king, not min ing
to lay or nglct th tim appoint , but with nobl an valiant
courag a vanc to his royal ntrpris, pass th sas btwn Dovr
an Calais, whr h prosprously arriv [66]; an aftr som abo 
thr of his Grac, as wll for th arrival of his puissant army royal,
provisions an munitions, as to consult about his princly affairs,
march forwar , in goo or r of battl, through th Low Country,
until h cam to th strong town of Trouann. To th which h lai his
assault, an assail it so fircly with continual assaults, that
within short spac h caus thm within to yil th town. Unto which
plac th Empror Maximilian rpair unto th king our sovrign Lor ,
with a puissant army, lik a mighty an frin ly princ, taking of
th king his Grac's wags[67], as wll for his own prson as for his
rtinu, th which is a rar thing sl om sn, har , or ra , that
an mpror shoul tak wags, an fight un r a king's bannr. Thus
aftr th king ha obtain th possssion of this puissant fort, an
st all things in u or r, for th fnc an prsrvation of th
sam to his highnss' us, h part from thnc, an march towar
th city of Tournay, an thr again lai his sig; to th which h
gav so firc an sharp assaults, that thy within wr constrain
of fin forc[68] to yil up th town unto his victorious majsty. At
which tim h gav th Almonr th bishoprick of th sam S, for som
part of rcompns of his pains sustain in that journy. An whn
th King ha stablish all things thr agrabl to his princly
plasur, an furnish th sam with nobl valiant captains an mn
of war, for th safguar of th town against his nmis, h rturn
again into Englan , taking with him ivrs worthy prsons of th prs
of Franc, as th Duk of Longuvill, an Counti Clrmont, an ivrs
othr takn thr in a skirmish most victoriously. Aftr whos rturn
imm iatly, th S of Lincoln fll voi by th ath of Doctor Smith,
lat bishop of that ignity, th which bnfic an promotion his
Grac gav unto his Almonr[69], Bishop lct of Tournay, who was not
nglignt to tak possssion throf, an ma  all th sp h coul
for his conscration: th solmnization whrof n  , h foun th
mans to gt th possssion of all his pr cssor's goo s into his
han s, whrof I hav sn ivrs tims som part throf furnish his
hous. It was not long aftr that Doctor Bambri g[70], Archbishop of
York, i at Rom, bing thr th king's ambassa or unto th Pop
Julius; unto which bnfic th king prsnt his nw Bishop of
Lincoln; so that h ha thr bishopricks[71] in on yar givn him.
Thn prpar h again of nw as fast for his translation from th
S of Lincoln, unto th S of York. Aftr which solmnization on,
an h bing in possssion of th Archbishoprick of York, an _Primas
Angli_, thought himslf sufficint to compar with Cantrbury; an
thrupon rct his cross in th court, an in vry othr plac,
as wll in th prsnc of th Archbishop of Cantrbury, an in th
prcinct of his juris iction as lswhr. An forasmuch as Cantrbury
claimth supriority an ob inc of York, as h oth of all othr
bishops within this ralm, forasmuch as h is _primus totius Angli_,
an thrfor claimth, as a tokn of an ancint ob inc, of York
to abat th a vancing of his cross, in th prsnc of th cross
of Cantrbury; notwithstan ing York, nothing min ing to sist from
baring of his cross in mannr as is sai bfor, caus his cross
to b a vanc [72] an born bfor him, as wll in th prsnc of
Cantrbury as lswhr. Whrfor Cantrbury bing mov thrwith,
gav York a crtain chck for his prsumption; by rason whrof thr
ngn r som gru g btwn Cantrbury an York. An York prciving
th ob inc that Cantrbury claim to hav of York, intn  to
provi  som such mans that h woul rathr b suprior in ignity
to Cantrbury than to b ithr ob int or qual to him. Whrfor h
obtain first to b ma  Prist Car inal, an _Lgatus  latr_;
unto whom th Pop snt a Car inal's hat, with crtain bulls for his
authority in that bhalf[73]. Yt by th way of communication y shall
un rstan that th Pop snt him this hat as a worthy jwl of his
honour, ignity, an authority, th which was convy hithr in a
varlt's bu gt, who sm to all mn to b but a prson of small
stimation. Whrof York bing a vrtis , of th basnss of th
mssngr, an of th popl's opinion an rumour, thought it for his
honour mt, that so high a jwl shoul not b convy by so simpl a
mssngr; whrfor h caus him to b stay by th way, imm iatly
aftr his arrival in Englan , whr h was nwly furnish in all
mannr of apparl, with all kin of costly silks, which sm cnt
for such an high ambassa or. An that on, h was ncountr upon
Blackhath, an thr rciv with a grat assmbly of prlats, an
lusty gallant gntlmn, an from thnc con uct an convy through
Lon on, with grat triumph. Thn was grat an sp y provision[74] an
prparation ma  in Wstminstr Abby for th confirmation of his high
ignity; th which was xcut by all th bishops an abbots nigh or
about Lon on, in rich mitrs an cops, an othr costly ornamnts;
which was on in so solmn a wis as I hav not sn th lik unlss
it ha bn at th coronation of a mighty princ or king.
Obtaining this ignity [h] thought himslf mt to ncountr with
Cantrbury in his high juris iction bfor xprss ; an that also h
was as mt to bar authority among th tmporal powrs, as among th
spiritual juris ictions. Whrfor rmmbring as wll th taunts an
chcks bfor sustain of Cantrbury, which h intn  to r rss,
having a rspct to th a vancmnt of worl ly honour, promotion,
an grat bnfits, [h] foun th mans with th king, that h was
ma  Chancllor of Englan ; an Cantrbury throf ismiss , who ha
continu in that honourabl room an offic, sinc long bfor th
ath of King Hnry th Svnth[75].
Now h bing in possssion of th chancllorship, n ow with th
promotion of an Archbishop, an Car inal Lgat _  latr_, thought
himslf fully furnish with such authoritis an ignitis, that h
was abl to surmount Cantrbury in all cclsiastical juris ictions,
having powr to convocat Cantrbury, an othr bishops, within his
prcincts, to assmbl at his convocation, in any plac within this
ralm whr h woul assign; taking upon him th corrction of all
mattrs in vry iocs, having thr through all th ralm all mannr
of spiritual ministrs, as commissaris, scribs, apparitors, an
all othr officrs to furnish his courts; visit also all spiritual
houss, an prsnt by prvntion whom h list to thir bnfics.
An to th a vancing of his Lgatin honours an juris ictions, h
ha mastrs of his facultis, mastrs Crmoniarum, an such othr
lik officrs to th glorifying of his ignity. Thn ha h two grat
crosss of silvr, whrof on of thm was for his Archbishoprick, an
th othr for his Lgacy, born always bfor him whithr sovr h
wnt or ro , by two of th most tallst an comlist prists that h
coul gt within all this ralm[76]. An to th incras of his gains
h ha also th bishoprick of Durham, an th Abby of St. Albans _in
commn am_; howbit aftr, whn Bishop Fox, of Winchstr, i , h
surrn r Durham into th King's han s, an in liu throf took th
Bishoprick of Winchstr. Thn h hl also, as it wr _in frm_,
Bath, Worcstr, an Hrfor , bcaus th incumbnts throf wr
strangrs[77], born out of this ralm, continuing always byon th
sas, in thir own nativ countris, or ls at Rom, from whnc thy
wr snt by th Pop in lgation into Englan to th king. An for
thir rwar , at thir partur, th pru nt King Hnry th Svnth
thought it bttr to rwar thm with that thing, h himslf coul not
kp, than to fray or isburs any thing of his trasur. An thn
thy bing but strangrs, thought it mor mt for thir assuranc,
an to hav thir juris ictions consrv an justly us , to prmit
th Car inal to hav thir bnfics for a convnint yarly sum of
mony to b pai thm by xchangs in thir countris, than to b
troubl , or bur n with th convyanc throf unto thm: so that
all thir spiritual promotions an juris ictions of thir bishopricks
wr clarly in his omain an isposition, to prfr or promot
whom h list unto thm. H ha also a grat numbr aily attn ing
upon him, both of noblmn an worthy gntlmn, of grat stimation
an possssions, with no small numbr of th tallst yomn, that h
coul gt in all this ralm, in so much that wll was that noblman
an gntlman, that might prfr any tall an comly yoman unto his
srvic.
Now to spak of th or r of his hous an officrs, I think it
ncssary hr to b rmmbr . First y shall un rstan , that h
ha in his hall, aily, thr spcial tabls furnish with thr
principal officrs; that is to say, a Stwar , which was always a an
or a prist; a Trasurr, a knight; an a Comptrollr, an squir;
which bar always within his hous thir whit stavs. Thn ha h
a coffrr, thr marshals, two yomn ushrs, two grooms, an an
almonr. H ha in th hall-kitchn two clrks of his kitchn, a clrk
comptrollr, a survyor of th rssr, a clrk of his spicry. Also
thr in his hall-kitchn h ha two mastr cooks, an twlv othr
labourrs, an chil rn as thy call thm; a yoman of his scullry,
an two othr in his silvr scullry; two yomn of his pastry, an two
grooms[78].
Now in his privy kitchn h ha a Mastr Cook who wnt aily in amask
satin, or vlvt, with a chain of gol about his nck; an two grooms,
with six labourrs an chil rn to srv in that plac; in th Lar r
thr, a yoman an a groom; in th Scal ing-hous, a yoman an two
grooms; in th Scullry thr, two prsons; in th Buttry, two yomn
an two grooms, with two othr pags; in th Pantry, two yomn, two
grooms, an two othr pags; an in th Ewry likwis: in th Cllar,
thr yomn, two grooms, an two pags; bsi  a gntlman for th
month: in th Chaun ry, thr prsons: in th Wafry, two; in th
War rob of b s, th mastr of th war rob, an tn othr prsons; in
th Laun ry, a yoman, a groom, an thr pags: of purvyors, two, an
on groom; in th Bakhous, a yoman an two grooms; in th Woo -yar ,
a yoman an a groom; in th Garnr, on; in th Gar n, a yoman an
two labourrs. Now at th gat, h ha of portrs, two tall yomn
an two grooms; a yoman of his barg: in th stabl, h ha a mastr
of his hors, a clrk of th stabl, a yoman of th sam; a Sa lr,
a Farrir, a yoman of his Chariot, a Sumptr-man, a yoman of his
stirrup; a Multr; sixtn grooms of his stabl, vry of thm
kping four grat gl ings: in th Almsri, a yoman an a groom.
Now I will clar unto you th officrs of his chapl, an singing mn
of th sam. First, h ha thr a Dan, who was always a grat clrk
an a ivin; a Sub- an; a Rpatr of th quir; a Gospllr[79], a
Pistllr; an twlv singing Prists: of Scholars, h ha first, a
Mastr of th chil rn; twlv singing chil rn; sixtn singing mn;
with a srvant to attn upon th sai chil rn. In th Rvstry[80],
a yoman an two grooms: thn wr thr ivrs rtainrs of cunning
singing mn, that cam thithr at ivrs sun ry principal fasts. But
to spak of th furnitur of his chapl passth my capacity to clar
th numbr of th costly ornamnts an rich jwls, that wr occupi
in th sam continually. For I hav sn thr, in a procssion,
worn forty-four cops of on suit, vry rich, bsi s th sumptuous
crosss, can lsticks, an othr ncssary ornamnts to th comly
furnitur of th sam. Now shall y un rstan that h ha two cross
barrs, an two pillar barrs: an in his chambr, all ths prsons;
that is to say: his high Chambrlain, his Vic Chambrlain; twlv
Gntlmn ushrs, aily waitrs; bsi s two in his privy chambr; an
of Gntlmn waitrs in his privy chambr h ha six; an also h ha
of Lor s nin or tn[81], who ha ach of thm allow two srvants;
an th Earl of Drby ha allow fiv mn. Thn ha h of Gntlmn,
as cup-barrs, carvrs, swrs, an Gntlmn aily waitrs, forty
prsons; of yomn ushrs h ha six; of grooms in his chambr h ha
ight; of yomn of his chambr h ha forty-six aily to attn upon
his prson; h ha also a prist thr which was his Almonr, to attn
upon his tabl at innr. Of octors an chaplains attn ing in his
clost to say aily mass bfor him, h ha sixtn prsons: an a
clrk of his clost. Also h ha two scrtaris, an two clrks of
his signt; an four counsllors larn in th laws of th ralm.
An for as much as h was Chancllor of Englan , it was ncssary for
him to hav ivrs officrs of th Chancry to attn aily upon him,
for th bttr furnitur of th sam. That is to say: first, h ha th
Clrk of th Crown, a Ri ing Clrk, a Clrk of th Hanapr, a Chafr of
Wax. Thn ha h a Clrk of th Chck, as wll to chck his Chaplains,
as his Yomn of th Chambr; h ha also four Footmn, which wr
apparll in rich running coats, whnsovr h ro  any journy.
Thn ha h an hral at Arms, an a Srgant at Arms; a Physician;
an Apothcary; four Minstrls; a Kpr of his Tnts, an Armourr; an
Instructor of his War s; two Yomn in his War rob; an a Kpr of
his Chambr in th court. H ha also aily in his hous th Survyor
of York, a Clrk of th Grn Cloth; an an Au itor. All this numbr
of prsons wr aily attn ant upon him in his hous, own-lying an
up-rising. An at mals, thr was continually in his chambr a boar
kpt for his Chambrlains, an Gntlmn Ushrs, having with thm a
mss of th young Lor s[82], an anothr for gntlmn.
Bsi s all ths, thr was nvr an officr an gntlman, or any
othr worthy prson in his hous, but h was allow som thr, som
two srvants; an all othr on at th last; which amount to a
grat numbr of prsons. Now hav I show you th or r of his hous,
an what officrs an srvants h ha , accor ing to his chckr roll,
attn ing aily upon him; bsi s his rtainrs, an othr prsons
bing suitors, that most commonly wr f in his hall. An whnsovr
w shall s any mor such subjcts within this ralm, that shall
maintain any such stat an houshol , I am contnt h b a vanc
abov him in honour an stimation. Thrfor hr I mak an n of his
houshol ; whrof th numbr was about th sum of fiv hun r [83]
prsons accor ing to his chckr roll.
You hav har of th or r an officrs of his hous; now I o intn
to proc forth unto othr of his proc ings; for, aftr h was thus
furnish , in mannr as I hav bfor rhars unto you, h was twic
snt in mbassy unto th Empror Charls th Fifth, that now rignth;
an fathr unto King Philip, now our sovrign lor . Forasmuch as th
ol Empror Maximilian was a , an for ivrs urgnt causs touching
th king's majsty, it was thought goo that in so wighty a mattr,
an to so nobl a princ, that th Car inal was most mt to b snt
on so worthy an mbassy. Whrfor h bing ra y to tak upon him th
charg throf, was furnish in all grs an purposs most likst a
grat princ, which was much to th high honour of th king's majsty,
an of this ralm. For first in his proc ing h was furnish lik a
car inal of high stimation, having all things thrto corrspon nt
an agrabl. His gntlmn, bing in numbr vry many, cloth in
livry coats of crimson vlvt of th most purst colour that might b
invnt , with chains of gol about thir ncks; an all his yomn an
othr man officrs wr in coats of fin scarlt, guar  with black
vlvt a han broa . H bing thus furnish in this mannr, was twic
snt unto th mpror into Flan rs, th mpror lying thn in Brugs;
who ntrtain our ambassa or vry highly[84], ischarging him an all
his train of thir charg; for thr was no hous within all Brugs,
whrin any gntlmn of th Lor Ambassa or's lay, or ha rcours,
but that th ownrs of th houss wr comman  by th mpror's
officrs, that thy, upon pain of thir livs, shoul tak no mony
for any thing that th car inal's srvants shoul tak or ispn in
victuals; no, although thy wr ispos to mak any costly banquts:
furthrmor comman ing thir sai hosts, to s that thy lack no
such thing as thy sir or rquir to hav for thir plasurs.
Also th mpror's officrs vry night wnt through th town, from
hous to hous, whr as any English mn lay or rsort , an thr
srv thir livris[85] for all night; which was on aftr this
mannr: first, th mpror's officrs brought in to th hous a cast of
fin mancht bra [86], two grat silvr pots, with win, an a poun
of fin sugar; whit lights an yllow; a bowl or goblt of silvr, to
rink in; an vry night a staff torch. This was th or r of thir
livris vry night. An thn in th morning, whn th officrs cam
to ftch away thir stuff, thn woul thy accompt with th host for
th gntlmn's costs spnt in that night an ay bfor. Thus th
mpror ntrtain th car inal an all his train, for th tim of his
mbassy thr. An that on, h rturn hom again into Englan , with
grat triumph, bing no lss in stimation with th king than h was
bfor, but rathr much mor.
Now will I clar unto you his or r in going to Wstminstr Hall,
aily in th trm sason. First, bfor his coming out of his privy
chambr, h har most commonly vry ay two masss in his privy
clost; an thr thn sai his aily srvic with his chaplain: an
as I har his chaplain say, bing a man of cr nc an of xcllnt
larning, that th car inal, what businss or wighty mattrs sovr
h ha in th ay, h nvr wnt to his b with any part of his
ivin srvic unsai , ya not so much as on collct; whrin I oubt
not but h civ th opinion of ivrs prsons. An aftr mass h
woul rturn in his privy chambr again, an bing a vrtis of th
furnitur of his chambrs without, with noblmn, gntlmn, an othr
prsons, woul issu out into thm, apparl all in r , in th habit
of a car inal; which was ithr of fin scarlt, or ls of crimson
satin, taffty, amask, or caffa, th bst that h coul gt for mony:
an upon his ha a roun pillion, with a nobl of black vlvt st to
th sam in th innr si ; h ha also a tippt of fin sabls about
his nck; hol ing in his han a vry fair orang, whrof th mat
or substanc within was takn out, an fill up again with th part
of a spong, whrin was vingar, an othr confctions against th
pstilnt airs; th which h most commonly smlt unto, passing among
th prss, or ls whn h was pstr with many suitors. Thr was
also born bfor him first, th grat sal of Englan , an thn his
car inal's hat, by a noblman or som worthy gntlman, right solmnly,
barha  . An as soon as h was ntr into his chambr of prsnc,
whr thr was attn ing his coming to await upon him to Wstminstr
Hall, as wll noblmn an othr worthy gntlmn, as noblmn an
gntlmn of his own family; thus passing forth with two grat crosss
of silvr born bfor him[87]; with also two grat pillars of silvr,
an his pursuivant at arms with a grat mac of silvr gilt. Thn
his gntlmn ushrs cri , an sai : "On, my lor s an mastrs, on
bfor; mak way for my Lor 's Grac!" Thus pass h own from his
chambr through th hall; an whn h cam to th hall oor, thr was
attn ant for him his mul, trapp all togthr in crimson vlvt, an
gilt stirrups. Whn h was mount , with his cross barrs, an pillar
barrs[88], also upon grat horss trapp with [fin] scarlt. Thn
march h forwar , with his train an furnitur in mannr as I hav
clar , having about him four footmn, with gilt pollaxs in thir
han s; an thus h wnt until h cam to Wstminstr Hall oor. An
thr alight , an wnt aftr this mannr, up through th hall into
th chancry; howbit h woul most commonly stay awhil at a bar, ma 
for him, a littl bnath th chancry [on th right han ], an thr
commun som tim with th ju gs, an somtim with othr prsons. An
that on h woul rpair into th chancry, sitting thr till lvn
of th clock, haring suitors, an trmining of ivrs mattrs.
An from thnc, h woul ivrs tims go into th star chambr, as
occasion i srv; whr h spar nithr high nor low, but ju g
vry stat accor ing to thir mrits an srts.
H us vry Sun ay to rpair to th court, bing thn for th most
part at Grnwich, in th trm; with all his formr or r, taking his
barg at his privy stairs, furnish with tall yomn stan ing upon th
bayls, an all gntlmn bing within with him; an lan  again at
th Cran in th vintry. An from thnc h ro  upon his mul, with
his crosss, his pillars, his hat, an th grat sal, through Thams
Strt, until h cam to Billingsgat, or thrabout; an thr took
his barg again, an row to Grnwich, whr h was nobly rciv
of th lor s an chif officrs of th king's hous, as th trasurr
an comptrollr, with othrs; an so convy to th king's chambr:
his crosss commonly stan ing for th tim of his abo  in th court,
on th on si  of th king's cloth of stat. H bing thus in th
court, it was won rly furnish with noblmn an gntlmn, much
othrwis than it was bfor his coming. An aftr innr, among th
lor s, having som consultation with th king, or with th council,
h woul part homwar with lik stat[89]: an this or r h us
continually, as opportunity i srv.
Thus in grat honour, triumph, an glory, h rign a long sason,
ruling all things within this ralm, apprtaining unto th king, by
his wis om, an also all othr wighty mattrs of forign rgions,
with which th king of this ralm ha any occasion to intrm l.
All ambassa ors of forign potntats wr always ispatch by his
iscrtion, to whom thy ha always accss for thir ispatch. His
hous was also always rsort an furnish with noblmn, gntlmn,
an othr prsons, with going an coming in an out, fasting an
banquting all ambassa ors ivrs tims, an othr strangrs right
nobly.
An whn it plas th king's majsty, for his rcration, to rpair
unto th car inal's hous, as h i ivrs tims in th yar, at which
tim thr want no prparations, or goo ly furnitur, with vian s of
th finst sort that might b provi  for mony or frin ship. Such
plasurs wr thn vis for th king's comfort an consolation,
as might b invnt , or by man's wit imagin . Th banquts wr st
forth, with masks an mummris, in so gorgous a sort, an costly
mannr, that it was a havn to bhol . Thr want no ams, or
amsls, mt or apt to anc with th maskrs, or to garnish th plac
for th tim, with othr goo ly isports. Thn was thr all kin of
music an harmony st forth, with xcllnt voics both of mn an
chil rn. I hav sn th king su nly com in thithr in a mask, with
a ozn of othr maskrs, all in garmnts lik shphr s, ma  of fin
cloth of gol an fin crimson satin pan , an caps of th sam, with
visors of goo proportion of visnomy; thir hairs, an bar s, ithr
of fin gol wir, or ls of silvr, an som bing of black silk;
having sixtn torch barrs, bsi s thir rums, an othr prsons
attn ing upon thm, with visors, an cloth all in satin, of th
sam colours. An at his coming, an bfor h cam into th hall, y
shall un rstan , that h cam by watr to th watr gat, without any
nois; whr, against his coming, wr lai charg many chambrs[90],
an at his lan ing thy wr all shot off, which ma  such a rumbl in
th air, that it was lik thun r. It ma  all th noblmn, la is,
an gntlwomn, to mus what it shoul man coming so su nly,
thy sitting quitly at a solmn banqut; un r this sort: First, y
shall prciv that th tabls wr st in th chambr of prsnc,
banqut-wis covr , my Lor Car inal sitting un r th cloth of
stat, an thr having his srvic all alon; an thn was thr
st a la y an a noblman, or a gntlman an gntlwoman, throughout
all th tabls in th chambr on th on si , which wr ma  an
join as it wr but on tabl. All which or r an vic was on
an vis by th Lor San s, Lor Chambrlain to th king; an also
by Sir Hnry Guilfor , Comptrollr to th king. Thn imm iatly aftr
this grat shot of guns, th car inal sir th Lor Chambrlain, an
Comptrollr, to look what this su n shot shoul man, as though h
knw nothing of th mattr. Thy thrupon looking out of th win ows
into Thams, rturn again, an show him, that it sm to thm
thr shoul b som noblmn an strangrs arriv at his bri g, as
ambassa ors from som forign princ. With that, quoth th car inal,
"I shall sir you, bcaus y can spak Frnch, to tak th pains
to go own into th hall to ncountr an to rciv thm, accor ing
to thir stats, an to con uct thm into this chambr, whr thy
shall s us, an all ths nobl prsonags sitting mrrily at our
banqut, siring thm to sit own with us, an to tak part of our
far an pastim. Thn [thy] wnt incontinnt own into th hall,
whr thy rciv thm with twnty nw torchs, an convy thm
up into th chambr, with such a numbr of rums an fifs as I hav
sl om sn togthr, at on tim in any masqu. At thir arrival
into th chambr, two an two togthr, thy wnt irctly bfor th
car inal whr h sat, saluting him vry rvrntly; to whom th Lor
Chambrlain for thm sai : "Sir, for as much as thy b strangrs, an
can spak no English, thy hav sir m to clar unto your Grac
thus: thy, having un rstan ing of this your triumphant banqut,
whr was assmbl such a numbr of xcllnt fair ams, coul o
no lss, un r th supportation of your goo grac, but to rpair
hithr to viw as wll thir incomparabl bauty, as for to accompany
thm at mumchanc[91], an thn aftr to anc with thm, an so to
hav of thm acquaintanc. An , sir, thy furthrmor rquir of your
Grac licnc to accomplish th caus of thir rpair." To whom th
car inal answr , that h was vry wll contnt thy shoul so o.
Thn th maskrs wnt first an salut all th ams as thy sat, an
thn rturn to th most worthist, an thr opn a cup full of
gol , with crowns, an othr pics of coin, to whom thy st ivrs
pics to cast at. Thus in this mannr prusing all th la is an
gntlwomn, an to som thy lost, an of som thy won. An thus
on, thy rturn unto th car inal, with grat rvrnc, pouring
own all th crowns in th cup, which was about two hun r crowns.
"At all," quoth th car inal, an so cast th ic, an won thm all
at a cast; whrat was grat joy ma . Thn quoth th car inal to my
Lor Chambrlain, "I pray you," quoth h, "show thm that it smth
m that thr shoul b among thm som nobl man, whom I suppos to
b much mor worthy of honour to sit an occupy this room an plac
than I; to whom I woul most gla ly, if I knw him, surrn r my
plac accor ing to my uty." Thn spak my Lor Chambrlain unto thm
in Frnch, claring my Lor Car inal's min , an thy roun ing[92]
him again in th ar, my Lor Chambrlain sai to my Lor Car inal,
"Sir, thy confss," quoth h, "that among thm thr is such a nobl
prsonag, whom, if your Grac can appoint him from th othr, h is
contnt to isclos himslf, an to accpt your plac most worthily."
With that th car inal, taking a goo a vismnt among thm, at th
last, quoth h, "M smth th gntlman with th black bar shoul
b vn h." An with that h aros out of his chair, an offr th
sam to th gntlman in th black bar , with his cap in his han .
Th prson to whom h offr thn his chair was Sir E war Nvill,
a comly knight of a goo ly prsonag, that much mor rsmbl th
king's prson in that mask, than any othr. Th king, haring an
prciving th car inal so civ in his stimation an choic, coul
not forbar laughing; but pluck own his visor, an Mastr Nvill's
also, an ash out with such a plasant countnanc an chr, that
all nobl stats thr assmbl , sing th king to b thr amongst
thm, rjoic vry much. Th car inal ftsoons sir his highnss
to tak th plac of stat, to whom th king answr , that h woul
go first an shift his apparl; an so part , an wnt straight
into my lor 's b chambr, whr was a grat fir ma  an prpar
for him; an thr nw apparll him with rich an princly garmnts.
An in th tim of th king's absnc, th ishs of th banqut wr
clan takn up, an th tabls spra again with nw an swt prfum
cloths; vry man sitting still until th king an his maskrs cam
in among thm again, vry man bing nwly apparll . Thn th king
took his sat un r th cloth of stat, comman ing no man to rmov,
but sit still, as thy i bfor. Thn in cam a nw banqut bfor
th king's majsty, an to all th rst through th tabls, whrin, I
suppos, wr srv two hun r ishs or abov, of won rous costly
mats an vics, subtilly vis . Thus pass thy forth th whol
night with banquting, ancing, an othr triumphant vics, to th
grat comfort of th king, an plasant rgar of th nobility thr
assmbl .
All this mattr I hav clar at larg, bcaus y shall un rstan
what joy an light th car inal ha to s his princ an sovrign
lor in his hous so nobly ntrtain an plas , which was always
his only stu y, to vis things to his comfort, not passing of th
chargs or xpnss. It light him so much, to hav th king's
plasant princly prsnc, that no thing was to him mor lctabl
than to chr his sovrign lor , to whom h ow so much ob inc an
loyalty; as rason rquir no lss, all things wll consi r .
Thus pass th car inal his lif an tim, from ay to ay, an yar
to yar, in such grat walth, joy, an triumph, an glory, having
always on his si  th king's spcial favour; until Fortun, of whos
favour no man is longr assur than sh is ispos , bgan to wax
somthing wroth with his prosprous stat, [an ] thought sh woul
vis a man to abat his high port; whrfor sh procur Vnus,
th insatiat go ss, to b hr instrumnt. To work hr purpos, sh
brought th king in lov with a gntlwoman, that, aftr sh prciv
an flt th king's goo will towar s hr, an how ilignt h was both
to plas hr, an to grant all hr rqusts, sh wrought th car inal
much isplasur; as hraftr shall b mor at larg clar . This
gntlwoman, th aughtr of Sir Thomas Bolyn, bing at that tim but
only a bachlor knight, th which aftr, for th lov of his aughtr,
was promot to highr ignitis. H bar at ivrs svral tims
for th most part all th rooms of stimation in th king's hous;
as Comptrollr, Trasurr, Vic Chambrlain, an Lor Chambrlain.
Thn was h ma  Viscount Rochfor ; an at th last crat Earl of
Wiltshir, an Knight of th nobl Or r of th Gartr; an , for his
mor incras of gain an honour, h was ma  Lor Privy Sal, an most
chifst of th king's privy council. Continuing thrin until his son
an aughtr i incur th king's in ignation an isplasur. Th king
fantasi so much his aughtr Ann, that almost all things bgan to
grow out of fram an goo or r[93].
To tll you how th king's lov bgan to tak plac, an what follow
throf, I will vn as much as in m lith, clar [unto] you. This
gntlwoman, Mistrss Ann Bolyn, bing vry young[94] was snt into
th ralm of Franc, an thr ma  on of th Frnch[95] qun's
womn, continuing thr until th Frnch qun i . An thn was sh
snt for hom again; an bing again with hr fathr, h ma  such
mans that sh was a mitt to b on of Qun Katharin's mai s, among
whom, for hr xcllnt gstur an bhaviour, [sh] i xcl all
othr; in so much, as th king bgan to kin l th bran of amours;
which was not known to any prson, n scantly to hr own prson.
In so much [as] my Lor Prcy, th son an hir of th Earl of
Northumbrlan , thn attn  upon th Lor Car inal, an was also his
srvitor; an whn it chanc th Lor Car inal at any tim to rpair
to th court, th Lor Prcy woul thn rsort for his pastim unto th
qun's chambr, an thr woul fall in allianc among th qun's
mai ns, bing at th last mor convrsant with Mistrss Ann Bolyn
than with any othr; so that thr grw such a scrt lov btwn
thm that, at lngth, thy wr insur togthr[96], intn ing to
marry. Th which thing cam to th king's knowl g, who was thn much
offn  . Whrfor h coul hi  no longr his scrt affction, but
rval his scrt intn mnt unto my Lor Car inal in that bhalf;
an consult with him to infring th prcontract btwn thm:
insomuch, that aftr my Lor Car inal was part from th court, an
rturn hom to his plac at Wstminstr, not forgtting th king's
rqust an counsl, bing in his gallry, call thr bfor him
th sai Lor Prcy unto his prsnc, an bfor us his srvants of
his chambr, saying thus unto him. "I marvl not a littl," quoth h,
"of thy pvish folly, that thou woul st tangl an nsur thyslf
with a foolish girl yon r in th court, I man Ann Bolyn. Dost
thou not consi r th stat that Go hath call th unto in this
worl ? For aftr th ath of thy nobl fathr, thou art most lik to
inhrit an possss on of th most worthist arl oms of this ralm.
Thrfor it ha bn most mt, an convnint for th, to hav su
for th consnt of thy fathr in that bhalf, an to hav also ma 
th king's highnss privy thrto; rquiring thrin his princly
favour, submitting all thy whol proc ing in all such mattrs unto
his highnss, who woul not only accpt thankfully your submission,
but woul , I assur th, provi  so for your purpos thrin, that h
woul a vanc you much mor nobly, an hav match you accor ing to
your stat an honour, whrby y might hav grown so by your wis om
an honourabl bhaviour into th king's high stimation, that it
shoul hav bn much to your incras of honour. But now bhol what
y hav on through your wilfulnss. Y hav not only offn  your
natural fathr, but also your most gracious sovrign lor , an match
yourslf with on, such as nithr th king, n yt your fathr will
b agrabl with th mattr. An hrof I put you out of oubt, that
I will sn for your fathr, an at his coming, h shall ithr brak
this una vis contract, or ls isinhrit th for vr. Th king's
majsty himslf will complain to thy fathr on th, an rquir no
lss at his han than I hav sai ; whos highnss intn  to hav
prfrr [Ann Bolyn] unto anothr prson, with whom th king hath
travll alra y, an bing almost at a point with th sam prson,
although sh knowth it not, yt hath th king, most lik a politic
an pru nt princ, convy th mattr in such sort, that sh, upon
th king's motion, will b (I oubt not) right gla an agrabl to
th sam." "Sir," (quoth th Lor Prcy, all wping), "I knw nothing
of th king's plasur thrin, for whos isplasur I am vry sorry.
I consi r that I was of goo yars, an thought myslf sufficint
to provi  m of a convnint wif, whras my fancy srv m bst,
not oubting but that my lor my fathr woul hav bn right wll
prsua  . An though sh b a simpl mai , an having but a knight
to hr fathr, yt is sh scn  of right nobl parntag. As by
hr mothr sh is nigh of th Norfolk bloo : an of hr fathr's si 
linally scn  of th Earl of Ormon , h bing on of th arl's
hirs gnral[97]. Why shoul I thn, sir, b any thing scrupulous to
match with hr, whos stat of scnt is quivalnt with min whn I
shall b in most ignity? Thrfor I most humbly rquir your grac
of your spcial favour hrin; an also to ntrat th king's most
royal majsty most lowly on my bhalf for his princly bnvolnc in
this mattr, th which I cannot ny or forsak." "Lo, sirs," quoth
th car inal, "y may s what conformity an wis om is in this wilful
boy's ha . I thought that whn thou har st m clar th king's
intn  plasur an travail hrin, thou woul st hav rlnt an
wholly submitt thyslf, an all thy wilful an una vis fact, to
th king's royal will an pru nt plasur, to b fully ispos an
or r by his grac's isposition, as his highnss shoul sm goo ."
"Sir, so I woul ," quoth th Lor Prcy, "but in this mattr I hav
gon so far, bfor many so worthy witnsss, that I know not how to
avoi my slf nor to ischarg my conscinc." "Why, thinkst thou,"
quoth th car inal, "that th king an I know not what w hav to o
in as wighty a mattr as this? Ys (quoth h), I warrant th. Howbit
I can s in th no submission to th purpos." "Forsooth, my Lor ,"
quoth th Lor Prcy, "if it plas your grac, I will submit myslf
wholly unto th king's majsty an [your] grac in this mattr, my
conscinc bing ischarg of th wighty burthn of my prcontract."
"Wll thn," quoth th car inal, "I will sn for your fathr out of
th north parts, an h an w shall tak such or r for th avoi ing
of this thy hasty folly as shall b by th king thought most xp int.
An in th man sason I charg th, an in th king's nam comman
th, that thou prsum not onc to rsort into hr company, as thou
intn st to avoi th king's high in ignation." An this sai h ros
up an wnt into his chambr.
Thn was th Earl of Northumbrlan snt for in all hast, in th
king's nam, who upon knowl g of th king's plasur ma  quick
sp to th court. An at his first coming out of th north h
ma  his first rpair unto my Lor Car inal, at whos mouth h was
a vrtis of th caus of his hasty sn ing for; bing in my Lor
Car inal's gallry with him in scrt communication a long whil. An
aftr thir long talk my Lor Car inal call for a cup of win, an
rinking togthr thy brak up, an so part th arl, upon whom
w wr comman  to wait to convy him to his srvants. An in his
going away, whn h cam to th gallry's n , h sat him own upon a
form that stoo thr for th waitrs som tim to tak thir as.
An bing thr st call his son th Lor Prcy unto him, an sai
in our prsnc thus in ffct. "Son," quoth h, "thou hast always
bn a prou , prsumptuous, is ainful, an a vry unthrift wastr,
an vn so hast thou now clar thyslf. Thrfor what joy, what
comfort, what plasur or solac shoul I conciv in th, that thus
without iscrtion an a vismnt hast misus thyslf, having no
mannr of rgar to m thy natural fathr, n in spcial unto thy
sovrign lor , to whom all honst an loyal subjcts bar faithful an
humbl ob inc; n yt to th walth of thin own stat, but hast
so una vis ly nsur thyslf to hr, for whom thou hast purchas
th th king's isplasur, intolrabl for any subjct to sustain!
But that his grac of his mr wis om oth consi r th lightnss of
thy ha , an wilful qualitis of thy prson, his isplasur an
in ignation wr sufficint to cast m an all my postrity into uttr
subvrsion an issolution: but h bing my spcial an singular goo
lor an favourabl princ, an my Lor Car inal my goo lor hath an
oth clarly xcus m in thy lw fact, an oth rathr lamnt thy
lightnss than malign th sam; an hath vis an or r to b takn
for th; to whom both thou an I b mor boun than w b abl wll to
consi r. I pray to Go that this may b to th a sufficint monition
an warning to us thyslf mor wittir hraftr; for thus I assur
th, if thou ost not amn thy pro igality, thou wilt b th last
arl of our hous. For of thy natural inclination thou art ispos
to b wastful pro igal, an to consum all that thy prognitors hav
with grat travail gathr togthr an kpt with honour. But having
th king's majsty my singular goo an gracious lor , I intn (Go
willing) so to ispos my succssion, that y shall consum throf
but a littl. For I o not purpos, I assur th, to mak th min
hir; for, praiss b to Go , I hav mor choic of boys who, I
trust, will prov thmslvs much bttr, an us thm mor lik unto
nobility, among whom I will choos an tak th bst an most liklist
to succ m. Now, mastrs an goo gntlmn," (quoth h unto us),
"it may b your chancs hraftr, whn I am a , to s th proof
of ths things that I hav spokn to my son prov as tru as I hav
spokn thm. Yt in th man sason I sir you all to b his frin s,
an to tll him his fault whn h oth amiss, whrin y shall show
yourslvs to b much his frin s." An with that h took his lav of
us. An sai to his son thus: "Go your ways, an attn upon my lor 's
grac your mastr, an s that you o your uty." An so part , an
wnt his way own through th hall into his barg.
Thn aftr long bating an consultation upon th Lor Prcy's
assuranc, it was vis that th sam shoul b infring an
issolv , an that th Lor Prcy shoul marry with on of th Earl
of Shrwsbury's aughtrs[98]; (as h i aftr); by mans whrof
th formr contract was clarly un on. Whrwith Mistrss Ann Bolyn
was gratly offn  , saying, that if it lay vr in hr powr, sh
woul work th car inal as much isplasur; as sh i in  aftr.
An yt was h nothing to blam, for h practis nothing in that
mattr, but it was th king's only vic. An vn as my Lor Prcy
was comman  to avoi hr company, vn so was sh comman  to avoi
th court, an snt hom again to hr fathr for a sason; whrat sh
smok [99]: for all this whil sh knw nothing of th king's intn 
purpos.
But y may s whn fortun bginnth to lowr, how sh can compass a
mattr to work isplasur by a far ftch. For now, mark, goo ra r,
th gru g, how it bgan, that in procss [of tim] burst out to th
uttr un oing of th car inal. O Lor , what a Go art thou! that
workst thy scrts so won rfully, which b not prciv until thy
b brought to pass an finish . Mark this history following, goo
ra r, an not vry circumstanc, an thou shaft spy at thin y
th won rful work of Go , against such prsons as forgttth Go an
his grat bnfits! Mark, I say, mark thm wll!
Aftr that all ths troublsom mattrs of my Lor Prcy's wr
brought to a goo stay, an all things finish that wr bfor
vis , Mistrss Ann Bolyn was rvok unto th court[100], whr
sh flourish aftr in grat stimation an favour; having always a
privy in ignation unto th car inal, for braking off th prcontract
ma  btwn my Lor Prcy an hr, supposing that it ha bn his own
vic an will, an non othr, not yt bing privy to th king's
scrt min , although that h ha a grat affction unto hr. Howbit,
aftr sh knw th king's plasur, an th grat lov that h bar
hr in th bottom of his stomach, thn sh bgan to look vry hault
an stout, having all mannr of jwls, or rich apparl, that might b
gottn with mony. It was thrfor ju g by-an -by through all th
court of vry man, that sh bing in such favour, might work mastris
with th king, an obtain any suit of him for hr frin .
An all this whil, sh bing in this stimation in all placs, it
is no oubt but goo Qun Katharin, having this gntlwoman aily
attn ing upon hr, both har by rport, an prciv bfor hr
ys, th mattr how it fram against hr (goo la y), although sh
show n to Mistrss Ann, n unto th king, any spark or kin of
gru g or isplasur; but took an accpt all things in goo part,
an with wis om an grat patinc issimul th sam, having Mistrss
Ann in mor stimation for th king's sak than sh ha bfor,
claring hrslf thrby to b a prfct Grisl a, as hr patint acts
shall hraftr mor vi ntly to all mn b clar [101].
Th king wax so far in amours with this gntlwoman that h knw not
how much h might a vanc hr. This prciving, th grat lor s of th
council, baring a scrt gru g against th car inal, bcaus that
thy coul not rul in th scn wll for him as thy woul , who kpt
thm low, an rul thm as wll as othr man subjcts, whrat thy
caught an occasion to invnt a man to bring him out of th king's high
favour, an thm into mor authority of rul an civil govrnanc.
Aftr long an scrt consultation amongst thmslvs, how to bring
thir malic to ffct against th car inal, thy knw right wll that
it was vry ifficil for thm to o any thing irctly of thmslvs.
Whrfor, thy prciving th grat affction that th king bar
lovingly unto Mistrss Ann Bolyn, fantasying in thir ha s that
sh shoul b for thm a sufficint an an apt instrumnt to bring
thir malicious purpos to pass, with hr thy oftn consult in this
mattr. An sh having both a vry goo wit, an also an inwar sir
to b rvng of th car inal[102], was as agrabl to thir rqusts
as thy wr thmslvs. Whrfor thr was no mor to o but only
to imagin som prsnt circumstancs to in uc thir malicious
accusations. Insomuch that thr was imagin an invnt among thm
ivrs imaginations an subtl vics, how this mattr shoul b
brought about. Th ntrpris throf was so angrous, that though
thy woul fain hav oftn attmpt th mattr with th king, yt
thy urst not; for thy knw th grat loving affction an spcial
favour that th king bar to th car inal, an also thy far th
won rous wit of th car inal. For this thy un rstoo vry wll,
that if thir mattr that thy shoul propon against him wr not
groun  upon a just an an urgnt caus, th king's favour bing such
towar s him, an his wit such, that h woul with policy vanquish all
thir purpos an travail, an thn ly in a-wait to work thm an uttr
struction an subvrsion. Whrfor thy wr compll , all things
consi r , to forbar thir ntrpris until thy might spy a mor
convnint tim an occasion.
An yt th car inal, spying th grat zal that th king ha
conciv in this gntlwoman, or r himslf to plas as wll th
king as hr, issimuling th mattr that lay hi in his brast, an
prpar grat banquts an solmn fasts to ntrtain thm both at his
own hous. An thus th worl bgan to grow into won rful invntions,
not har of bfor in this ralm. Th lov btwn th king an this
gorgous la y grw to such a prfction, that ivrs imaginations wr
imagin , whrof I lav to spak until I com to th plac whr I
may hav mor occasion.
Thn bgan a crtain gru g to aris btwn th Frnch king an th
Duk of Bourbon, in so much as th Duk, bing vassal to th hous
of Franc, was constrain for th safguar of his prson to fl
his ominions, an to forsak his trritory an country, oubting th
king's grat malic an in ignation. Th car inal, having throf
intllignc, compass in his ha , that if th king our sovrign
lor (having an occasion of wars with th ralm of Franc), might
rtain th uk to b his gnral in th wars thr: in as much as
th uk was fl unto th mpror, to invit him also, to stir wars
against th Frnch king. Th car inal having all this imagination in
his ha thought it goo to mov th king in this mattr. An aftr
th king was onc a vrtis hrof, an conciv th car inal's
imagination an invntion, h ram of this mattr mor an
mor, until at th last it cam in qustion among th council in
consultation, so that it was thr finally conclu  that an mbassy
shoul b snt to th mpror about this mattr; with whom it was
conclu  that th king an th mpror shoul join in ths wars
against th Frnch king, an that th Duk of Bourbon shoul b our
sovrign lor 's champion an gnral in th fil ; who ha appoint
him a grat numbr of goo sol irs ovr an bsi s th mpror's
army, which was not small, an l by on of his own noblmn; an also
that th king shoul pay th uk his wags, an his rtinu monthly.
In so much as Sir John Russl, (who was aftr Earl of B for ), lay
continually byon th sas in a scrt plac, assign both for to
rciv th king's mony an to pay th sam monthly to th uk.
So that th uk bgan firc war with th Frnch king in his own
trritory an uk om, which th Frnch king ha confiscat an siz
into his han s; yt not known to th uk's nmis that h ha any
ai of th king our sovrign lor . An thus h wrought th Frnch
king much troubl an isplasur; in so much as th Frnch king was
compll of fin forc to put harnss on his back, an to prpar a
puissant army royal, an in his own prson to a vanc to fn an
rsist th uk's powr an malic. Th uk having un rstan ing
of th king's a vancing was compll of forc to tak Pavia, a
strong town in Italy, with his host, for thir scurity; whr as
th king bsig him, an ncamp him won rous strongly, intn ing
to nclos th Duk within this town, that h shoul not issu. Yt
notwithstan ing th uk woul an i many tims issu an skirmish
with th king's army.
Now lt us lav th king in his camp bfor Pavia, an rturn again
to th Lor Car inal, who sm to b mor Frnch than Imprial. But
how it cam to pass I cannot clar [unto] you: but th [Frnch] king
lying in his camp, snt scrtly into Englan a privy prson, a vry
witty man, to ntrat of a pac btwn him an th king our sovrign
lor , whos nam was John Joachin[103]; h was kpt as scrt as might
b, that no man ha intllignc of his rpair; for h was no
Frnchman, but an Italian born, a man bfor of no stimation in
Franc, or known to b in favour with his mastr, but to b a mrchant,
an for his subtl wit lct to ntrat of such affairs as th king
ha comman  him by mbassy. This Joachin aftr his arrival hr in
Englan was scrtly convy unto th king's manor of Richmon , an
thr rmain until Whitsunti , at which tim th car inal rsort
thithr, an kpt thr th sai fast vry solmnly. In which sason
my lor caus this Joachin ivrs tims to in with him, whos talk
an bhaviour sm to b witty, sobr, an won rous iscrt. [H]
continu in Englan long aftr, until h ha (as it sm ) brought
his purpos mbassy to pass which h ha in commission. For aftr
this thr was snt out imm iatly a rstraint unto Sir John Russll,
into thos parts whr h ma  his abi ing byon th sas, that h
shoul rtain an kp back that month's wags still in his han s,
which shoul hav bn pai unto th Duk of Bourbon, until th king's
plasur wr to him furthr known; for want of which mony at th ay
appoint of paymnt, th uk an his rtinu wr gratly ismay
an sor isappoint ; an whn thy saw that thir mony was not
brought unto thm as it was wont to b. An bing in so angrous a
cas for want of victuals, which wr won rous scant an ar, thr
wr many imaginations what shoul b th caus of th lt throf.
Som sai this, an som sai thy wist nvr what; so that thy
mistrust no thing lss than th vry caus throf. In so much at th
last, what for want of victual an othr ncssaris which coul not
b gottn within th town, th captains an sol irs bgan to gru g
an muttr; an at th last, for lack of victuals, wr lik all to
prish. Thy bing in this xtrmity cam bfor th Duk of Bourbon
thir captain, an sai , "Sir, w must b of vry forc an ncssity
compll to yil us in to th angr of our nmis; an bttr it
wr for us so to o than hr to starv lik ogs." Whn th uk
har th lamntations, an un rstoo th xtrmitis that thy wr
brought unto for lack of mony, h sai again unto thm, "Sirs," quoth
h, "y ar both valiant mn an of nobl courag, who hav srv
hr un r m right worthily; an for your ncssity, whrof I am
participant, I o not a littl lamnt. (Howbit) I shall sir you,
as y ar nobl in harts an courag, so to tak patinc for a ay
or twain: an if succour com not thn from th King of Englan , as I
oubt nothing that h will civ us, I will wll agr that w shall
all put ourslvs an all our livs unto th mrcy of our nmis;"
whrwith thy wr all agrabl. An xpcting th coming of th
king's mony th spac of thr ays, (th which ays pass ), th
uk sing no rm y call his nobl mn, an captains, an sol irs
bfor him, an all wping sai , "O y nobl captains an valiant mn,
my gntl companions, I s no rm y in this ncssity but ithr w
must yil us unto our nmis, or ls famish. An to yil th town
an ourslvs, I know not th mrcy of our nmis. As for my part I
pass not of thir crultis, for I know vry wll I shall suffr most
crul ath if I com onc into thir han s. It is not for myslf
thrfor that I o lamnt, but it is for your saks; it is for your
livs; it is also for th safguar of your prsons. For so that y
might scap th angr of your nmis' han s, I woul most gla ly
suffr ath. Thrfor, goo companions an nobl sol irs, I shall
rquir you all, consi ring th angrous misry an calamity that w
stan in at this prsnt, to sll our livs most arly rathr than to
b mur r lik basts. If y will follow my counsl w will tak upon
us this night to giv our nmis an assault in thir camp, an by that
mans w may ithr scap, or ls giv thm an ovrthrow. An thus it
wr bttr to i in th fil lik mn, than to liv in captivity
an misry as prisonrs." To th which thy all agr . "Thn," quoth
th uk, "Y prciv that our nmy hath ncamp us with a strong
camp, an that thr is no way to ntr but on, which is so plant
with grat or nanc, an forc of mn, that it is not possibl to ntr
that way to fight with our nmis without grat angr. An also,
y s that now of lat thy hav ha small oubt of us, insomuch as
thy hav kpt but sln r watch. Thrfor my policy an a vic shall
b this: That about th a tim of th night, whn our nmis b
most quit at rst, thr shall issu from us a numbr of th most
livrst sol irs to assault thir camp; who shall giv th assault
right scrtly, vn irctly against th ntry of th camp, which is
almost invincibl. Your firc an sharp assault shall b to thm in
th camp so oubtful, that thy shall b compll to turn th strngth
of thir ntry that lyth ovr against your assault, to bat you from
th assault. Thn will I issu out at th postrn, an com to th
plac of thir strngth nwly turn , an thr, or thy b war, will
I ntr an fight with thm at th sam plac whr thir guns an
strngth lay bfor, an so com to th rscu of you of th assault,
an winning thir or nanc which thy hav turn , bat thm with thir
own pics. An thn w joining togthr in th fil , I trust w
shall hav a fair han of thm. This vic plas thm won rous wll.
Thn prpar thy all that ay for th purpos vic, an kpt thm
scrt an clos, without any nois or shot of pic within th town,
which gav thir nmis th lss far of any troubl that night, but
vry man wnt to thir rst within thir tnts an lo gings quitly,
nothing mistrusting that aftr nsu .
Thn whn all th king's host was at rst, th assailants issu out
of th town without any nois, accor ing to th formr appointmnt,
an gav a firc an crul assault at th plac appoint ; that thy
within th camp ha as much to o to fn it as was possibl: an
vn as th uk ha bfor clar to his sol irs, thy within
wr compll to turn thir shot that lay at th ntry against th
assailants. With that issu th uk, an with him about fiftn or
sixtn thousan mn or mor, an scrtly in th night, his nmis
bing not privy of his coming until h was ntr th fil . An at
his first ntry h was mastr of all th or nanc that lay thr, an
slw th gunnrs; an charg th sai pics an bnt thm against his
nmis, [of] whom h slw won rously a grat numbr. H cut own tnts
an pavilions, an mur r thm within thm, or thy wist of [his]
coming, suspcting nothing lss than th uk's ntry; so that h won
th fil or vr th king coul aris to th rscu: who was takn
in his lo ging or vr h was arm . An whn th uk ha obtain
th fil , an th Frnch king takn prisonr, his mn slain, an his
tnts robb an spoil , which wr won rous rich. An in th spoil,
sarching of th king's trasur in his coffrs thr was foun among
thm th lagu nwly conclu  btwn th King of Englan an th
Frnch king, un r th grat sal of Englan ; which onc by [th uk]
prciv , h bgan to smll th imp imnt of his mony which shoul
hav com to him from th king. Having upon u sarch of this mattr
furthr intllignc that all this mattr an his uttr un oing was
conclu  an vis by th Car inal of Englan , th uk conciv
such an in ignation hrupon against th car inal, that aftr h ha
stablish all things thr in goo or r an scurity, h wnt
incontinnt unto Rom, intn ing thr to sack th town, an to hav
takn th pop prisonr: whr, at his first assault of th walls,
h was th first man that was thr slain. Yt, notwithstan ing, his
captains continu thr th assault, an in conclusion won th town,
an th pop fl unto Castl Angll, whr h continu long aftr in
grat calamity.
I hav writtn thus this history at larg bcaus it was thought that
th car inal gav th chif occasion of all this mischif[104]. Y may
prciv what thing sovr a man purposth, b h princ or prlat,
yt notwithstan ing Go isposth all things at his will an plasur.
Whrfor it is grat folly for any wis man to tak any wighty
ntrpris of himslf, trusting altogthr to his own wit, not calling
for grac to assist him in all his proc ings.
I hav known an sn in my ays that princs an grat mn [who]
woul ithr assmbl at any parliamnt, or in any othr grat
businss, first woul most rvrntly call to Go for his gracious
assistanc thrin. An now I s th contrary. Whrfor m sms that
thy trust mor in thir own wis oms an imaginations than thy o to
Go 's hlp an isposition; an thrfor oftn thy sp thraftr,
an thir mattrs tak no succss. Thrfor not only in this history,
but in ivrs othrs, y may prciv right vi nt xampls. An
yt I s no man almost in authority or high stat rgar or hav
any rspct to th sam; th gratr is th pity, an th mor to b
lamnt . Now will I sist from this mattr an proc to othr.
Upon th taking of th Frnch king, many consultations an ivrs
opinions wr thn in argumnt among th council hr in Englan .
Whrof som hl opinion that if th king woul inva  th ralm of
Franc in propr prson, with a puissant army royal, h might asily
conqur th sam; consi ring that th Frnch king, an th most part
of th nobl prs of Franc, wr thn prisonrs with th mpror.
Som again sai how that wr no honour for th king our sovrign
lor , (th king bing in captivity). But som sai that th Frnch
king ought by th law of arms to b th king's prisonr, forasmuch as
h was takn by th king's champion an gnral captain, th Duk of
Bourbon, an not by th mpror. So that som mov th king to tak
war thrupon with th mpror, unlss h woul livr th Frnch king
out of his han s an possssion; with ivrs many othr imaginations
an invntions, vn as mn's fantasis srv thm, too long hr to
b rhars : th which I lav to th writrs of chronicls.
Thus continuing long in bating upon th mattr, an vry man in th
court ha thir talk, as will without wit l thir fantasis; at th
last it was vis by mans of ivrs mbassis snt into Englan out
of th ralm of Franc, siring th king our sovrign lor to tak
or r with th mpror for th Frnch king's livranc, as his royal
wis om shoul sm goo , whrin th car inal bar th strok; so that
aftr long libration an a vic takn in this mattr, it was thought
goo by th car inal that th mpror shoul r livr out of his war
th Frnch king, upon sufficint pl gs. An that th king's two sons,
that is to say, th Dolphin an th Duk of Orlans shoul b livr
in hostag for th king thir fathr; which was in conclusion brought
to pass.
Aftr th king's livranc out of th mpror's bon ag, an his
two sons rciv in hostag to th mpror's us, an th king our
sovrign lor 's scurity for th rcompns of all such man s an
rstitutions as shoul b man  of th Frnch king, th car inal,
lamnting th Frnch king's calamity, an th pop's grat a vrsity,
who yt rmain in castl Angll, ithr as a prisonr, or ls for
his fnc an safguar (I cannot tll whthr), travail all that
h coul [105] with th king an his council to tak or r as wll for
th livry of th on as for th quitnss of th othr. At last,
as y hav har hr bfor, how ivrs of th grat stats an
lor s of th council lay in a-wait with my La y Ann Bolyn, to spy
a convnint tim an occasion to tak th car inal in a brak[106];
[thy] thought thn, now is th tim com that w hav xpct ,
supposing it bst to caus him to tak upon him th king's commission,
an to travl byon th sas in this mattr, saying, to ncourag
him thrto, that it wr mor mt for his high iscrtion, wit, an
authority, to compass an bring to pass a prfct pac among ths
grat an most mighty princs of th worl than any othr within this
ralm or lswhr. Thir intnt an purpos was only but to gt him
out of th king's aily prsnc, an to convy him out of th ralm,
that thy might hav convnint lisur an opportunity to a vntur
thir long sir ntrpris, an by th ai of thir chif mistrss,
my La y Ann, to prav him so unto th king in his absnc, that h
shoul b rathr in his high isplasur than in his accustom favour,
or at th last to b in lss stimation with his majsty. Wll! what
will you hav mor? This mattr was so han l that th car inal was
comman  to prpar himslf to this journy; th which h was fain
to tak upon him; but whthr it was with his goo will or no, I am
not wll abl to tll you. But this I know, that h ma  a short abo 
aftr th trmin rsolution throf, but caus all things to b
prpar onwar towar his journy. An vry on of his srvants wr
appoint that shoul attn upon him in th sam.
[Illustration: _Etch by I Harris Jun^r._
CARDINAL WOLSEY AND HIS SUITE IN PROGRESS.
_From a M.S. in th Collction of Francis Douc Esq.^r F.S.A._
_Publish by Har ing, Triphook, & Lpar , 1824._]

Whn all things wr fully conclu  , an for this nobl mbassy
provi  an furnish , thn was no ltt, but a vanc forwar s in
th nam of Go . My Lor Car inal ha with him such of th lor s an
bishops an othr worthy prsons as wr not privy of th conspiracy.
Thn march h forwar out of his own hous at Wstminstr, passing
through all Lon on[107], ovr Lon on Bri g, having bfor him of
gntlmn a grat numbr, thr in a rank, in black vlvt livry
coats, an th most part of thm with grat chains of gol about thir
ncks. An all his yomn, with noblmn's an gntlmn's srvants
following him in Frnch tawny livry coats; having mbroi r upon th
backs an brasts of th sai coats ths lttrs: T. an C., un r
th car inal's hat. His sumptr muls, which wr twnty in numbr an
mor, with his carts an othr carriags of his train, wr pass on
bfor, con uct an guar  with a grat numbr of bows an spars.
H ro  lik a car inal, vry sumptuously, on a mul trapp with
crimson vlvt upon vlvt, an his stirrups of coppr, an gilt; an
his spar mul following him with lik apparl. An bfor him h ha
his two grat crosss of silvr, two grat pillars of silvr, th grat
sal of Englan , his car inal's hat, an a gntlman that carri his
valaunc, othrwis call a cloakbag; which was ma  altogthr of
fin scarlt cloth, mbroi r ovr an ovr with cloth of gol vry
richly, having in it a cloak of fin scarlt. Thus pass h through
Lon on, an all th way of his journy, having his harbingrs passing
bfor to provi  lo ging for his train.
Th first journy h ma  to Dartfor in Knt, unto Sir Richar
Wiltshir's hous, which is two mils byon Dartfor ; whr all his
train wr lo g that night, an in th country thrabouts. Th nxt
ay h ro  to Rochstr, an lo g in th bishop's palac thr;
an th rst of his train in th city, an in Strou on this si  th
bri g. Th thir ay h ro  from thnc to Fvrsham, an thr
was lo g in th abby, an his train in th town, an som in th
country thrabouts. Th fourth ay h ro  to Cantrbury, whr h
was ncountr with th worshipfullst of th town an country, an
lo g in th abby of Christchurch, in th prior's lo ging. An all
his train in th city, whr h continu thr or four ays; in which
tim thr was th grat jubil, an a fair in honour of th fast
of St. Thomas thir patron. In which ay of th sai fast, within
th abby thr was ma  a solmn procssion; an my Lor Car inal
wnt prsntly in th sam, apparll in his lgantin ornamnts,
with his Car inal's hat on his ha ; who comman  th monks an all
thir quir to sing th litany aftr this sort, _Sancta Maria ora pro
papa nostro Clmnt_; an so prus th litany through, my Lor
Car inal knling at th quir oor, at a form covr with carpts an
cushions. Th monks an all th quir stan ing all that whil in th
mi st of th bo y of th church. At which tim I saw th Lor Car inal
wp vry tn rly; which was, as w suppos , for havinss that th
pop was at that prsnt in such calamity an grat angr of th Lanc
Knights[108].
Th nxt ay I was snt with lttrs from my Lor Car inal unto
Calais, by mpost, insomuch as I was that sam night at Calais. An
at my lan ing I foun stan ing upon th pir, without [th] Lantrn
Gat, all th council of th town, to whom I livr an ispatch
my mssag an lttrs or vr I ntr th town; whr I lay two
ays or my lor cam thithr; who arriv in th havn th scon ay
aftr my coming, about ight of th clock in th morning: whr h was
rciv in procssion with all th worshipfullst prsons of th town
in most solmn wis. An in th Lantrn Gat was st for him a form,
with carpts an cushions, whrat h knl an ma  his prayrs
bfor his ntry any furthr in th town; an thr h was cns
with two grat cnsrs of silvr, an sprinkl with holy watr. That
on h aros up an pass on, with all that assmbly bfor him,
singing, unto St. Mary's church, whr h stan ing at th high altar,
turning himslf to th popl, gav thm his bn iction an clan
rmission. An thn thy con uct him from thnc unto a hous call
th Chckr, whr h lay an kpt his hous as long as h abo  in
th town; going imm iatly to his nak b , bcaus h was somwhat
troubl with sicknss in his passag upon th sas.
That night, unto this plac of th Chckr, rsort to him Mons. u
Biz, captain of Boulogn, with a numbr of gallant gntlmn, who
in with him; an aftr som consultation with th car inal, h with
th rst of th gntlmn part again to Boulogn. Thus th car inal
was aily visit with on or othr of th Frnch nobility.
Thn whn all his train an his carriags wr lan  at Calais, an
vry thing prpar in a ra inss for his journy, h call bfor
him all his noblmn an gntlmn into his privy chambr; whr
thy bing assmbl , [h] sai unto thm in this wis in ffct:
"I hav call you hithr to this intnt, to clar unto you, that
I consi ring th ilignc that y ministr unto m, an th goo
will that I bar you again for th sam, intn ing to rmmbr your
ilignt srvic hraftr, in plac whr y shall rciv con ign
thanks an rwar s. An also I woul show you furthr what authority
I hav rciv irctly from th king's highnss; an to instruct
you somwhat of th natur of th Frnch mn; an thn to inform you
what rvrnc y shall us unto m for th high honour of th king's
majsty, an also how y shall ntrtain th Frnch mn, whnsovr
y shall mt at any tim. First, y shall un rstan that th king's
majsty, upon crtain wighty consi rations, hath for th mor
a vancmnt of his royal ignity, assign m in this journy to b
his liutnant-gnral; an what rvrnc blongth to th sam I
will tll you. That for my part I must, by virtu of my commission of
liutnantship, assum an tak upon m, in all honours an grs,
to hav all such srvic an rvrnc as to his highnss' prsnc
is mt an u: an nothing throf to b nglct or omitt by m
that to his royal stat is appurtnant. An for my part y shall s
m that I will not omit on jot throf. Thrfor, bcaus y shall
not b ignorant in that bhalf, is on of th spcial causs of this
your assmbly, willing an comman ing you as y ntn my favour not
to forgt th sam in tim an plac, but vry of you o obsrv this
information an instruction as y will at my rturn avoi th king's
in ignation, but to obtain his highnss' thanks, th which I will
furthr for you as y shall srv.
"Now to th point of th Frnchmn's natur, y shall un rstan that
thir isposition is such, that thy will b at th first mting as
familiar with you as thy ha bn acquaint with you long bfor, an
commun with you in th Frnch tongu as though y un rstoo vry
wor thy spak: thrfor in lik mannr, b y as familiar with thm
again as thy b with you. If thy spak to you in th Frnch tongu,
spak you to thm in th English tongu; for if you un rstan not
thm, thy shall no mor un rstan you." An my lor spaking mrrily
to on of th gntlmn thr, bing a Wlshman, "Ric," quoth h,
"spak thou Wlsh to him, an I am wll assur that thy Wlsh shall b
mor iffus[109] to him than his Frnch shall b to th." An thn
quoth h again to us all, "lt all your ntrtainmnt an bhaviour
b accor ing to all gntlnss an humanity, that it may b rport ,
aftr your partur from thnc, that y b gntlmn of right goo
bhaviour, an of much gntlnss, an that y b mn that know your
uty to your sovrign lor , an to your mastr, allowing much your
grat rvrnc. Thus shall y not only obtain to yourslvs grat
commn ation an prais for th sam, but also a vanc th honour of
your princ an country. Now go your ways a monish of all ths
points, an prpar yourslvs against to-morrow, for thn w intn ,
Go willing, to st forwar ." An thus, w bing by him instruct an
inform , part to our lo gings, making all things in a ra inss
against th nxt ay to a vanc forth with my lor .
Th nxt morrow, bing Mary Mag aln's ay, all things bing furnish ,
my Lor Car inal ro  out of Calais with such a numbr of black vlvt
coats as hath not bn sn with an ambassa or. All th spars of
Calais, Guins, an Hamms, wr thr attn ing upon him in that
journy, in black vlvt coats, an many grat an massy chains of gol
wr worn thr.
Thus pass h forth with thr gntlmn in a rank, which occupi th
lngth of thr quartrs of a mil or mor, having all his accustom
an glorious furnitur carri bfor him, as I bfor hav rhars ,
xcpt th broa sal, th which was lft with Doctor Taylor, in
Calais, thn Mastr of th Rolls, until his rturn[110].
Passing thus on his way, an bing scant a mil of his journy, it
bgan to rain so vhmntly that I hav not sn th lik for th tim;
that n ur until w cam to Boulogn; an or w cam to San yngfl ,
th Car inal of Lorain, a goo ly young gntlman, ncountr my
lor , an rciv him with grat rvrnc an joy; an so pass
forth togthr, until thy cam to San yngfl , which is a plac of
rligion, stan ing btwn th Frnch, English, an th Empror's
ominions, bing nutr, hol ing of nithr of thm. An bing com
thithr, mt with him thr L Counti Brion, Captain of Picar y, with
a grat numbr of mn of arms, as Stra iots an Arbnois[111] with
othrs stan ing in array, in a grat pic of oats, all in harnss,
upon light horss, passing with my lor , as it wr in a wing, all his
journy through Picar y; for my lor somwhat oubt th mpror, lst
h woul lay an ambush to btray him; for which caus th Frnch king
comman  thm to await upon my lor for th assuranc of his prson
out of th angr of his nmis. Thus ro  h accompani until h
cam to th town of Boulogn, whr h was ncountr within a mil
throf, with th worshipfullst citizns of th town, having among
thm a larn man, that ma  to him an oration in Latin; unto th
which my lor ma  answr smblably in Latin. An that on, Monsiur
u Biz, Captain of Boulogn, with th rtinu thr of gntlmn,
mt him on horsback; which convy him into th town with all this
assmbly, until h cam to th abby gat, whr h light an wnt
irctly into th church, an ma  his prayrs bfor th imag of our
La y, to whom h ma  his offring. An that on, h gav thr his
blssing to th popl, with crtain ays of par on[112]. Thn wnt h
into th abby whr h was lo g , an his train wr lo g in th
high an bass towns.
Th nxt morning, aftr h har mass, h ro  unto _Montruil sur la
mr_, whr h was ncountr in lik cas as h was th ay bfor,
with th worshipfullst of th town, all in on livry, having on
larn that ma  an oration bfor him in Latin, whom h answr in
lik mannr in Latin; an as h ntr in to th town, thr was a
canopy of silk mbroi r with th lttrs an hat that was on th
srvants coats, born ovr him [by] th prsons of most stimation
within th town. An whn h was alight his footmn siz th sam
as a f u to thir offic. Now was thr ma  ivrs pagants for
joy of his coming, who was call thr, an in all othr placs within
th ralm of Franc as h travll , _L Car inal Pacifiqu_; an in
Latin _Car inalis Pacificus_. [H] was accompani all that night with
ivrs worthy gntlmn of th country thr about[113].
Th nxt ay h ro  towar Abbvill, whr h was ncountr with
 ivrs gntlmn of th town an country, an so convy unto th
town, whr h was most honourably rciv with pagants of ivrs
kin s, wittily an costly invnt , stan ing in vry cornr of th
strts as h ro  through th town; having a lik canopy born ovr
him, bing of mor richr sort than th othr at Montruil, or at
Boulogn was; thy brought him to his lo ging, which was, as it sm ,
a vry fair hous nwly built with brick. At which hous King Louis
marri my La y Mary, King Hnry th VIIIth sistr; which was aftr
marri to th Duk of Suffolk, Charls Bran on. An bing within, it
was in mannr of a gallry, yt notwithstan ing it was vry ncssary.
In this hous my lor rmain ight or tn ays; to whom rsort ,
aily, ivrs of th council of Franc, fasting thm, an othr nobl
mn, an gntlmn that accompani th council, both at innrs an
supprs.
Thn whn th tim cam that h shoul part from thnc, h ro  to a
castl byon th watrs of Somm, call Pincquigny Castl, a joining
unto th sai watr, stan ing upon a grat rock or hill, within th
which was a goo ly collg of prists; th situation whrof was most
lik unto th castl of Win sor in Englan ; an thr h was rciv
with a solmn procssion, convying him first into th church, an
aftr unto his lo ging within th castl. At this castl King E war
th Fourth mt with th Frnch king, upon th bri g that goth ovr
th watr of Somm, as y may ra in th chronicls of Englan .
Whn my lor was sttl within his lo ging, it was rport unto
m that th Frnch king shoul com that ay into Amins, which was
within six English mils of Pincquigny Castl; an bing sirous to
s his first coming into th town, [I] ax licns an took with
m on or two gntlmn of my lor 's, an ro  incontinnt thithr,
as wll to provi  m of a ncssary lo ging as to s th king. An
whn w cam thithr, bing but strangrs, [w] took up our inn (for
th tim) at th sign of th Angl, irctly against th wst oor of
th cath ral church _  notr Dam Saint Mari_. An aftr w ha
in thr, tarrying until thr or four of th clock, xpcting th
king's coming, in cam Ma am Rgnt, th king's mothr, ri ing in
a vry rich chariot; an in th sam with hr was hr aughtr, th
Qun of Navarr, furnish with a hun r la is an gntlwomn or
mor following, ri ing upon whit palfrys; ovr an bsi s ivrs
othr la is an gntlwomn that ro  som in rich chariots, an som
in hors littrs; who light at th wst oor with all this train,
accompani with many othr noblmn an gntlmn bsi s hr guar ,
which was not small in numbr. Thn, within two hours aftr, th king
cam into th town with a grat shot of guns an ivrs pagants, ma 
for th nonc at th king's _bin vnu_; having about his prson both
bfor him an bhin him, bsi s th won rful numbr of noblmn an
gntlmn, thr grat guar s ivrsly apparll . Th _first_ was of
Soutchs[114] an Burgonyons, with guns an havrsacks. Th _scon _
was of Frnchmn, som with bows an arrows, an som with bills. Th
_thir _ guar was _pour l corps_, which was of tall Scots, much mor
comlir prsons than all th rst. Th Frnch guar an th Scots ha
all on livry, which was rich coats of fin whit cloth, with a guar
of silvr bullion mbroi r an han ful broa . Th king cam ri ing
upon a goo ly gnt, an light at th wst oor of th sai church,
an so [was] convy into th church up to th high altar, whr h
ma  his prayrs upon his kns, an [was] thn convy into th
bishop's palac, whr h was lo g , an also his mothr.
Th nxt morning I ro  again to Pincquigny to attn upon my lor ,
at which tim my lor was ra y to tak his mul towar s Amins; an
passing on his journy thithrwar , h was ncountr from plac to
plac with ivrs nobl an worthy prsonags, making to him ivrs
orations in Latin, to which h ma  answr again _xtmpor_; at whos
xcllnt larning an prgnant wit thy won r vry much. Thn was
wor brought my lor that th king was coming to ncountr him; with
that, h having non othr shift, was compll to alight in an ol
chapl that stoo by th high way, an thr nwly apparll him into
mor richr apparl; an thn mount upon a nw mul vry richly
trapp , with a footcloth an traps of crimson vlvt upon vlvt,
purl with gol , an fring about with a p fring of gol vry
costly, his stirrups of silvr an gilt, th bosss an chks of his
bri l of th sam[115]. An by that tim that h was mount again
aftr this most gorgous sort, th king was com vry nar, within
lss than a quartr of a mil English, mustring upon an hill si , his
guar stan ing in array along th sam, xpcting my lor 's coming; to
whom my lor ma  as much hast as convnintly it bcam him; until
h cam within a pair of butt lngths, an thr h stai awhil. Th
king prciving that, stoo still; an having two worthy gntlmn
young an lusty [with him], both brthrn to th Duk of Lorrain, an
to th Car inal of Lorrain; whrof on of thm was call Monsiur
 Guis, an th othr Monsiur Vau mont: thy wr both apparll
lik th king, in purpl vlvt lin with cloth of silvr, an thir
coats cut, th king caus Monsiur Vau mont to issu from him, an to
ri  unto my lor to know th caus of his tracting. [This monsiur]
ro  upon a fair coursr, taking his rac in a full gallop, vn until
h cam unto my lor ; an thr caus his hors to com aloft onc
or twic so nigh my lor 's mul, that h was in oubt of his hors;
an with that h light from his coursr, an oing his mssag to
my lor with humbl rvrnc; which on, h mount again, an
caus his hors to o th sam at his parting as h i bfor, an
so rpair again to th king; an , aftr his answr ma , th king
a vanc forwar . That sing my lor i th lik, an in th mi
way thy mt, mbracing ach othr on horsback, with most amiabl
countnanc ntrtaining ach othr right nobly. Thn rw into th
plac all noblmn an gntlmn on both si s, with won rful chr
ma  on to anothr, as thy ha bn of an ol acquaintanc. Th
pras was such an [so] thick, that ivrs ha thir lgs hurt with
horss. Thn th king's officrs cri "_March, march, vant, allz
vant._" An th king, an my Lor Car inal on his right han , ro 
togthr to Amins, vry English gntlman accompani with anothr
of Franc. Th train of Frnch an English n ur two long mils,
that is to say from th plac of thir ncountr unto Amins; whr
thy wr vry nobly rciv with shot of guns an costly pagants,
until th king ha brought my lor to his lo ging, an thr part
asun r for that night, th king bing lo g in th bishop's palac.
Th nxt ay aftr innr, my lor with a grat train of noblmn an
gntlmn of Englan , ro  unto th king's court; at which tim th
king kpt his b , bing somwhat isas , yt notwithstan ing my lor
cam into his b chambr, whr sat on th on si  of his b his
mothr, Ma am Rgnt, an on th othr si  th Car inal of Lorrain,
with ivrs othr noblmn of Franc. An aftr a short communication,
an rinking of a cup of win with th king's mothr, my lor part
again to his lo ging, accompani with ivrs gntlmn an noblmn
of Franc, who supp with him. Thus continu th king an my lor in
Amins th spac of two wks an mor, consulting[116] an fasting
ach othr ivrs tims. [An in th fast of th Assumption of our
La y, my lor ros btims an wnt to th cath ral church _  notr
Dam_, an thr bfor my La y Rgnt an th Qun of Navarr, in
our La y Chapl, h sai his srvic an mass; an aftr mass, h
himslf ministr th sacramnt unto my La y Rgnt an to th Qun
of Navarr. An that on, th king rsort unto th church, an was
convy into a rich travrs at th high altar; an irctly against
him, on th othr si  of th altar, sat my Lor Car inal in anothr
rich travrs[117], thr grssis[118] highr than th king's. An
at th altar, bfor thm both, a bishop sang high mass, an at th
fraction of th host th sam bishop ivi  th sacramnt btwn
th king an th car inal, for th prformanc of th pac conclu 
btwn thm; which mass was sung solmnly by th king's chapl, having
among thm cornts an sackbuts. An aftr mass was on th trumptrs
blw in th roo loft[119] until th king was past inwar to his
lo ging out of th church. An at his coming in to th bishop's palac,
whr h intn  to in with my Lor Car inal, thr sat, within a
cloistr, about two hun r prsons isas with th king's vil, upon
thir kns. An th king, or vr h wnt to innr, provis vry
of thm with rubbing an blssing thm with his bar han s, bing bar
ha  all th whil; aftr whom follow his almonr istributing of
mony unto th prsons isas . An that on h sai crtain prayrs
ovr thm, an thn wash his han s, an so cam up into his chambr
to innr, whr as my lor in with him[120].]
Thn it was trmin that th king an my lor shoul rmov out of
Amins, an so thy i , to a town or city call Compign, which
was mor than twnty English mils from thnc; unto which town I was
snt to prpar my lor 's lo ging. An as I ro  on my journy, bing
upon a Fri ay, my hors chanc to cast a sho in a littl villag,
whr stoo a fair castl. An as it chanc thr wlt a smith, to
whom I comman  my srvant to carry my hors to sho, an stan ing
by him whil my hors was a shoing, thr cam to m on of th
srvants of th castl, prciving m to b th car inal's srvant an
an Englishman, who rquir m to go with him into th castl to my
lor his mastr, whom h thought woul b vry gla of my coming an
company. Whos rqust I grant , bcaus that I was always sirous to
s an b acquaint with strangrs, in spcial with mn in honour
an authority, so I wnt with him; who con uct m unto th castl,
an bing ntr in th first war , th watchmn of that war , bing
vry honst tall mn, cam an salut m most rvrntly, an knowing
th caus of my coming, sir m to stay a littl whil until thy
ha a vrtis my lor thir mastr of my bing thr; an so I i .
An incontinnt th lor of th castl cam out to m, who was call
Monsiur Crqui, a noblman born, an vry nigh of bloo to King Louis,
th last king that rign bfor this King Francis. An at his first
coming h mbrac m, saying that I was right hartily wlcom, an
thank m that I so gntly woul visit him an his castl, saying
furthrmor that h was prparing to ncountr th king an my lor , to
sir thm most humbly th nxt ay to tak his castl in thir way,
if h coul so intrat thm. An tru it is that h was ra y to ri 
in a coat of vlvt with a pair of vlvt arming shos on his ft, an
a pair of gilt spurs on his hls. Thn h took m by th han , an
most gntly l m into his castl, through anothr war . An bing
onc ntr into th bas court of th castl, I saw all his family
an houshol srvants stan ing in goo ly or r, in black coats an
gowns, lik mournrs, who l m into th hall, which was hang with
han -guns, as thick as on coul hang by anothr upon th walls; an
in th hall stoo an hawk's prch, whron stoo thr or four fair
goshawks. Thn wnt w into th parlour, which was hang with fin
ol arras, an bing thr but a whil, communing togthr of my lor
of Suffolk, how h was thr to hav bsig th sam, his srvants
brought to him bra an win of ivrs sorts, whrof h caus m
to rink. An aftr, "I will," quoth h, "show you th strngth of my
hous, how har it woul hav bn for my Lor of Suffolk to hav won
it." Thn l h m upon th walls, which wr vry strong, mor than
fiftn foot thick, an wll garnish with grat battry pics of
or nanc ra y charg to [b] shot off against th king an my lor 's
coming.
Whn h ha show m all th walls an bulwarks about th castl, h
scn  from th walls, an cam own into a fair innr court, whr
his gnt stoo for to mount upon, with twlv othr gnts, th most
fairst an bst that vr I saw, an in spcial his own, which was
a mar gnt, h show m that h might hav ha for hr four hun r
crowns. But upon th othr twlv gnts wr mount twlv goo ly
young gntlmn, call pags of honour; all bar ha  in coats of
cloth of gol , an black vlvt cloaks, an on thir lgs boots of r
Spanish lathr, an spurs parcl gilt.
Thn h took his lav of m, comman ing his stwar an othr his
gntlmn to attn upon m, an con uct m unto my la y his wif, to
innr. An that on h mount upon his gnt, an took his journy
forth out of his castl. Thn th stwar , with th rst of th
gntlmn, l m up into a towr in th gathous, whr thn my la y
thir mistrss lay, for th tim that th king an my lor shoul tarry
thr.
I bing in a fair grat ining chambr, whr th tabl was covr
for innr, an thr I attn  my la y's coming; an aftr sh cam
thithr out of hr own chambr, sh rciv m most gntly, lik [on
of] nobl stat, having a train of twlv gntlwomn. An whn sh
with hr train cam all out, sh sai to m, "For as much," quoth sh,
"as y b an Englishman, whos custom is in your country to kiss[121]
all la is an gntlwomn without offnc, an although it b not so
hr in this ralm, yt will I b so bol to kiss you, an so shall
all my mai ns." By mans whrof I kiss my la y an all hr womn.
Thn wnt sh to hr innr, bing as nobly srv as I hav sn any
of hr stat hr in Englan , having all th innr tim with m
plasant communication, which was of th usag an bhaviour of our
gntlwomn an gntlmn of Englan , an commn  much th bhaviour
of thm, right xcllntly; for sh was with th king at Ar rs, whn
th grat ncountr an mting was btwn th Frnch king an th
king our sovrign lor : at which tim sh was, both for hr prson an
goo ly haviour, appoint to company with th la is of Englan . To b
short, aftr innr, pausing a littl, I took my lav of hr, an so
part an ro  on my journy.
By rason of my tracting of tim in Chastl  Crqui[122], I
was constrain that night to ly in a town by th way, call
_Mont i ir_, th suburbs whrof my Lor of Suffolk ha latly burn .
An in th nxt morning I took my journy an cam to Compign upon
th Satur ay, thn bing thr th markt ay; an at my first coming
I took my inn in th mi st of th markt-plac, an bing thr st at
innr in a fair chambr, that ha a win ow looking into th strt, I
har a grat rumour an clattring of bills. With that I look out
into th strt, an thr I spi whr th officrs of th town
brought a prisonr to xcution, whos ha thy strak off with a
swor . An whn I man  th caus of his offnc, it was answr
m, that it was for killing of a r r in th forst thrby, th
punishmnt whrof is but ath. Incontinnt thy ha st up th poor
man's ha upon a pol in th markt-plac, btwn th stag's horns;
an his quartrs in four parts of th forst.
Thus wnt I about to prpar my lor 's lo ging, an to s it
furnish , which was thr in th grat castl of th town, whrof to
my lor was assign th on half, an th othr half was rsrv for
th king; an in lik wis thr was a long gallry ivi  btwn
thm, whrin was ma  in th mi st throf a strong wall with a oor
an win ow, an thr th king an my lor woul many tims mt at th
sam win ow, an scrtly talk togthr, an ivrs tims thy woul go
th on to th othr, at th sai oor.
Now was thr lo g also Ma am Rgnt, th king's mothr, an all hr
train of la is an gntlwomn. Unto which plac th Chancllor of
Franc cam (a vry witty man), with all th king's grav counsllors,
who took grat pains aily in consultation. In so much as I har my
Lor Car inal fall out with th Chancllor, laying unto his charg,
that h wnt about to hin r th lagu which my sai Lor Car inal ha
bfor his coming conclu  btwn th king our sovrign lor an
th Frnch king his mastr; insomuch that my lor stomach th mattr
vry stoutly, an tol him, "That it shoul not li in his powr to
issolv th amicabl fi lity btwn thm. An if his mastr th king
bing thr prsnt forsook his promis an follow his counsl, h
shoul not fail aftr his rturn into Englan to fl th smart, an
what a thing it is to brak promis with th King of Englan , whrof
h shoul b wll assur ." An thrwithal h aros an wnt into
his own lo ging, won rously offn  . So that his stout countnanc,
an bol wor s, ma  thm all in oubt how to pacify his isplasur,
an rvok him again to th council, who was thn part in a fury.
Thr was sn ing, thr was coming, thr was also intrating, an
thr was grat submission ma  to him, to r uc him to his formr
frin ly communication; who woul in no wis rlnt until Ma am Rgnt
cam hrslf, who han l th mattr so iscrtly an wittily, that
sh rconcil him to his formr communication. An by that mans h
brought othr mattrs to pass, that bfor h coul not attain, nor
caus th council to grant; which was mor for far, than for any
affction to th mattr, h ha th ha s of all th council so un r
his gir l that h might rul thm all thr as wll as h might th
council of Englan .
Th nxt morning aftr this conflict, h ros arly, about four of
th clock, sitting own to writ lttrs into Englan unto th king,
comman ing on of his chaplains to prpar him to mass, insomuch that
his sai chaplain stoo rvst until four of th clock at aftrnoon;
all which sason my lor nvr ros onc to ----, n yt to at any
mat, but continually wrot his lttrs, with his own han s, having
all that tim his nightcap an kvrchif on his ha . An about th
hour of four of th clock, at aftrnoon, h ma  an n of writing,
conman ing on Christophr Gunnr, th king's srvant, to prpar him
without lay to ri  mpost into Englan with his lttrs, whom h
ispatch away or vr h rank. An that on, h wnt to mass, an
sai his othr ivin srvic with his chaplain, as h was accustom
to o; an thn wnt straight into a gar n; an aftr h ha walk
th spac of an hour or mor, an sai his vnsong[123], h wnt to
innr an suppr all at onc; an making a small rpast, h wnt to
his b , to tak his rst for that night.
Th nxt night following h caus a grat suppr to b provi  for
Ma am Rgnt, an th Qun of Navarr, an othr grat stats of
la is an nobl womn.
Thr was also Ma am Rn, on of th aughtrs of King Louis, whos
sistr, (latly a ), King Francis ha marri . Ths sistrs wr, by
thir mothr, inhritrics of th Duchy of Britanny, an for as much
as th king ha marri on of th sistrs, by whom h ha th moity
of th sai uchy, an to attain th othr moity, an so to b lor
of th whol, h kpt th sai La y Rn without marriag, intn ing
that, sh having non issu, th whol uchy might scn to him, or
to his succssion, aftr hr ath, for want of issu of hr bo y.
But now lt us rturn again to th suppr or rathr a solmn banqut,
whr all ths nobl prsons wr highly fast ; an in th mi st of
thir triumph, th Frnch king, with th king of Navarr, cam su nly
in upon thm unknown, who took thir placs at th nthr n of th
tabl. Thr was not only plnty of fin mats, but also much mirth an
solac, as wll in communication, as in instrumnts of music st forth
with my lor 's minstrls, who play thr so cunningly an ulc all
that night, that th king took thrin grat plasur, insomuch that h
sir my lor to ln thm unto him th nxt night. An aftr suppr
an banqut finish , th la is an gntlwomn wnt to ancing; among
whom on Ma am Fountain, a mai , ha th priz. An thus pass thy
th night in plasant mirth an joy.
Th nxt ay th king took my lor 's minstrls an ro  unto a
noblman's hous, whr was som goo ly imag that h ha avow a
pilgrimag unto, to prform his votion. Whn h cam thr, h
anc , an othrs with him, th most part of that night; my lor 's
minstrls play thr so xcllntly all that night, that th
shalm--[124], (whthr it wr with xtrm labour of blowing, or
with poisoning, as som ju g , bcaus thy wr mor commn  an
accpt with th king than his own, I cannot tll), but h that play
upon th shalm, an xcllnt man in that art, i within a ay or
twain aftr.
Thn th king rturn again unto Compign, an caus a wil boar
to b lo g for him in th forst thr; whithr my lor ro  with
th king to th hunting of th wil swin within a toil; whr th
La y Rgnt stoo in chariots or wagons, looking on th toil, on th
outsi  throf, accompani with many la is an amosls; among whom
my lor stoo by th La y Rgnt, to rgar an bhol th pastim an
mannr of hunting. Thr was within th toil ivrs goo ly gntlmn
with th king, ra y garnish to this high ntrpris an angrous
hunting of th prilous wil swin. Th king bing in his oublt an
hosn only, without any othr garmnts, all of shp's colour cloth;
his hosn, from th kn upwar , was altogthr thrumm with silk vry
thick of th sam colour: having in a slip a fair brac of grat whit
gryhoun s, arm , as th mannr is to arm thir gryhoun s from th
violnc of th boar's tusks. An all th rst of th king's gntlmn,
bing appoint to hunt this boar, wr likwis in thir oublts an
hosn, hol ing ach of thm in thir han s a vry sharp boar's spar.
Th king bing thus furnish , comman  th hunts to uncouch th
boar, an that vry othr prson shoul go to a stan ing, among whom
wr ivrs gntlmn an yomn of Englan ; an incontinnt th boar
issu out of his n, chas with an houn into th plain, an bing
thr, stalk a whil gazing upon th popl, an incontinnt bing
forc by th houn , h spi a littl bush stan ing upon a bank ovr
a itch, un r th which lay two lusty gntlmn of Franc, an thithr
fl th boar, to fn him, thrusting his ha snuffing into th sam
bush whr ths two gntlmn lay, who fl with such sp as mn o
from th angr of ath. Thn was th boar by violnc an pursuit of
th houn s an th hunts rivn from thnc, an ran straight to on of
my lor 's footmn, a vry comly prson, an an har y, who hl in his
han an English javlin, with th which h was fain to fn himslf
from th firc assault of th boar, who foin at him continually
with his grat tusks, whrby h was compll at th last to pitch
his javlin in th groun btwn him an th boar, th which th
boar brak with his forc of foining. An with that th yoman rw
his swor , an stoo at fnc; an with that th hunts cam to th
rscu, an put him onc again to flight. With that h fl an ran
to anothr young gntlman of Englan , call Mastr Ratcliff, son
an hir to th Lor Fitzwaltr, an aftr[125] Earl of Sussx, who
by chanc ha borrow of a Frnch gntlman a fin boar spar, [vry
sharp, upon whom, th boar bing sor chaf , bgan to assault vry
agrly, an th young gntlman livrly avoi  his stroks, an
in turning about h struck th boar with such violnc (with th sam
spar that h ha borrow ) upon th houghs, that h cut th sinws
of both his lgs at on strok, that th boar was constrain to sit
own upon his haunchs an fn himslf, for h coul go no mor;
this gntlman prciving thn his most a vantag, thrust his spar
into th boar un r th shoul r up to th hart, an thus h slw th
grat boar. Whrfor among th noblmn of Franc it was rput to b
on of th noblst ntrpriss that a man might o (as though h ha
slain a man of arms); an thus our Mastr Ratcliff bar thn away th
priz of that fat of hunting, this angrous an royal pastim, in
killing of th wil boar, whos tusks th Frnchman oth most commonly
oubt abov all othr angrs, as it sm to us Englishmn thn bing
prsnt.]
[In this tim of my lor 's bing in Franc, ovr an bsi s his
nobl ntrtainmnt with th king an nobls, h sustain ivrs
isplasurs of th Frnch slavs, that vis a crtain book, which
was st forth in ivrs articls upon th causs of my lor 's bing
thr: which shoul b, as thy surmis , that my lor was com thithr
to conclu  two marriags; th on btwn th king our sovrign
lor an Ma am Rn[126], of whom I spak hrtofor; an th othr
btwn th thn princss of Englan , (now bing qun of this ralm)
my La y Mary th king's aughtr an th Frnch king's scon son, th
Duk of Orlans, who is at this prsnt king of Franc: with ivrs
othr conclusions an agrmnts touching th sam. Of this book many
wr imprint an convy into Englan , unknown to my lor , [h]
bing thn in Franc, to th grat slan r of th ralm of Englan , an
of my Lor Car inal. But whthr thy wr vis of policy to pacify
th muttrings of th popl, which ha ivrs communications an
imaginations of my lor 's bing thr; or whthr [thy] wr vis
of som malicious prson, as th ispositions of th common popl
ar accustom to o, upon such scrt consultations, I know not; but
whatsovr th occasion or caus was, th author hath st forth such
books. This I am wll assur , that aftr my lor was throf wll
a vrtis , an ha prus on of th sai books, h was not a littl
offn  , an assmbl all th privy council of Franc togthr, to
whom h spak his min thus; saying, that it was not only a suspicion
in thm, but also a grat rbuk an a famation to th king's
honour to s an know any such s itious untruths opnly ivulg
an st forth by any malicious an subtl traitor of this ralm;
saying furthrmor, that if th lik ha bn attmpt within th
ralm of Englan , h oubt not but to s it punish accor ing to
th traitorous manour an srts. Notwithstan ing I saw but small
r rss[127]].
So this was on of th isplasurs that th Frnchmn show him, for
all his pains an travail that h took for qualifying of thir king's
ransom.
Also anothr isplasur was this. Thr was no plac whr h was
lo g aftr h ntr th trritory of Franc, but that h was robb
in his privy chambr, ithr of on thing or othr; an at Compign h
lost his stan ish of silvr, an gilt: an thr it was spi , an th
party takn, which was but a littl boy of twlv or thirtn yars of
ag, a ruffian's pag of Paris, which haunt my lor 's lo ging without
any suspicion, until h was takn lying un r my lor 's privy stairs;
upon which occasion h was apprhn  an xamin , an incontinnt
confss all things that wr miss , which h stol, an brought to
his mastr th ruffian, who rciv th sam, an procur him so
to o. Aftr th spial of this boy, my lor rval th sam unto
th council, by mans whrof th ruffian was apprhn  , an st on
th pillory, in th mi st of th markt-plac; a goo ly rcompns
for such an hinous offnc. Also anothr isplasur was; som lw
prson, whosovr it was, ha ngrav in th grat chambr win ow
whr my lor lay, upon th laning ston thr, a car inal's hat with
a pair of gallows ovr it, in rision of my lor ; with ivrs othr
unkin manours, th which I lav hr to writ, thy b mattrs so
slan rous.
Thus passing ivrs ays in consultation, xpcting th rturn of
Christophr Gunnr, which was snt into Englan with lttrs unto th
king, as it is rhars hrtofor, by mpost, who at last rturn
again with othr lttrs; upon rcipt whrof my lor ma  hast to
rturn into Englan .
In th morning that my lor shoul part an rmov, bing thn at
mass in his clost, h conscrat th Chancllor of Franc a car inal,
an put upon him th habit u to that or r; an thn took his journy
into Englan war , making such ncssary xp ition that h cam to
Guisns, whr h was nobly rciv of my Lor San s, thn captain
thr, with all th rtinu throf. An from thnc h ro  to Calais,
whr h tarri th shipping of his stuff, horss, an train; an in
th mantim h stablish thr a mart, to b kpt for all nations;
but how long it n ur , an in what sort it was us , I know not, for
I nvr har of any grat goo that it i , or of any worthy assmbly
thr of mrchants or mrchan is, that was brought thithr for th
furnitur of so wighty a mattr.
Ths things finish , an othrs for th wal of th town, h took
shipping an arriv at Dovr, from whnc h ro  to th king, bing
thn in his progrss at Sir Harry Wyatt's hous, in Knt, [it was]
suppos among us that h shoul b joyfully rciv at his hom
coming, as wll of th king as of all othr noblmn: but w wr
civ in our xpctation. Notwithstan ing h wnt, imm iatly aftr
his coming, to th king, with whom h ha long talk, an continu
thr in th court two or thr ays; an thn rturn to his hous at
Wstminstr, whr h rmain until Michalmas trm, which was within
a fortnight aftr, an using his room of Chancllorship, as h was wont
to o.
At which tim h caus an assmbly to b ma  in th Star Chambr, of
all th noblmn, ju gs, an justics of th pac of vry shir that
wr at that prsnt in Wstminstr Hall, an thr ma  to thm a long
oration, claring unto thm th caus of his mbassy into Franc, an
of his proc ing thr; among th which h sai , "h ha conclu 
such an amity an frin ship as nvr was har of in this ralm in
our tim bfor, as wll btwn th mpror an us, as btwn th
Frnch king an our sovrign lor , conclu ing a prptual pac, which
shall b confirm in writing, altrnatly, sal with th broa sals
of both th ralms grav in fin gol ; affirming furthrmor, that th
king shoul rciv yarly his tribut, by that nam, for th Duchy of
Norman y, with all othr costs which h hath sustain in th wars. An
whr thr was a rstraint ma  in Franc of th Frnch qun's owr,
whom th Duk of Suffolk ha marri , for ivrs yars uring th wars,
it is fully conclu  , that sh shall not only rciv th sam yarly
again, but also th arrarags bing unpai uring th rstraint. All
which things shall b prfct at th coming of th grat mbassy
out of Franc: in th which shall b a grat numbr of noblmn an
gntlmn for th conclusion of th sam, as hath not bn sn rpair
hithr out of on ralm in an mbassy. This pac thus conclu  , thr
shall b such an amity btwn gntlmn of ach ralm, an intrcours
of mrchants with mrchan is, that it shall sm to all mn th
trritoris to b but on monarchy. Gntlmn may travl quitly from
on country to anothr for thir rcration an pastim; an mrchants,
bing arriv in ach country, shall b assur to travl about
thir affairs in pac an tranquillity: so that this ralm shall joy
an prospr for vr. Whrfor it shall b wll on for all tru
Englishmn to a vanc an st forth this prptual pac, both in
countnanc an gstur, with such ntrtainmnt as it may b a just
occasion unto th Frnchmn to accpt th sam in goo part, an also
to us you with th smblabl, an mak of th sam a nobl rport in
thir countris.
"Now, goo my lor s an gntlmn, I most ntirly rquir you in
th king's bhalf, that y will show yourslvs hrin vry loving
an ob int subjcts, whrin th king will much rjoic [at] your
towar nss, an giv to vry man his princly thanks for such
librality an gntlnss, as y or any of you shall ministr unto
thm." An hr h n  his prsuasion, an so part into th
ining chambr, an in among th lor s of th council.

This grat mbassy[128], long look for, was now com ovr [with
a grat rtinu], which wr in numbr abov fourscor prsons, of
th most noblst an worthist gntlmn in all th court of Franc,
who wr right honourably rciv from plac to plac aftr thir
arrival, an so convy through Lon on unto th bishop's palac in
Paul's Churchyar , whr thy wr lo g . To whom ivrs noblmn
rsort an gav thm ivrs goo ly prsnts; an in spcial th
Mayor an city of Lon on, as win, sugar, wax, capons, wil fowl,
bfs, muttons, an othr ncssaris in grat abun anc, for th
xpnss of thir hous. Thn th nxt Sun ay aftr thir rsort to
Lon on, thy rpair to th court at Grnwich, an thr, by th
king's majsty, most highly rciv an ntrtain . Thy ha a
spcial commission to crat an stall th king's highnss in th Royal
or r of Franc; for which purpos thy brought with thm a collar of
fin gol of th or r, with a Michal hanging thrat, an robs to
th sam appurtnant, th which was won rous costly an comly, of
purpl vlvt, richly mbroi r ; I saw th king in all this apparl
an habit, passing through th chambr of prsnc unto his clost;
an aftrwar in th sam habit at mass bnath in th chapl. An to
gratify th Frnch king with lik honour, [h] snt incontinnt unto
[him] th lik or r of Englan by a noblman (th Earl of Wiltshir),
purposly for that intnt, to crat him on of th sam or r of
Englan , accompani with Gartr th Hral , with all robs, gartr,
an othr habilimnts to th sam blonging; as costly in vry gr
as th othr was of th Frnch king's, th which was on bfor th
rturn of th grat mbassy.
An for th prformanc of this nobl an prptual pac, it was
conclu  an trmin that a solmn mass shoul b sung in th
cath ral church of Paul's by th car inal; against which tim thr
was prpar a gallry ma  from th wst oor of th church of Paul's
[through th bo y of th sam], unto th quir oor, rail on vry
si , upon th which stoo [vssls] full of prfums burning. Thn
th king an my Lor Car inal, an all th Frnchmn, with all othr
noblmn an gntlmn, wr convy upon this gallry unto th high
altar into th travrss; thn my Lor Car inal prpar himslf
to mass, associat with twnty-four mitrs of bishops an abbots,
attn ing upon him, an to srv him, in such crmonis as to him, by
virtu of his lgatin prrogativ, wr u.
An aftr th last agnus[129], th king ros out of his travrs an
knl upon a cushion an carpt at th high altar; an th Gran
Mastr of Franc, th chif ambassa or, that rprsnt th king his
mastr, knl by th king's majsty, btwn whom my lor ivi  th
sacramnt, as a firm oath an assuranc of this prptual pac. That
on, th king rsort again to his travrs, an th Gran Mastr in
lik wis to his. This mass finish , which was sung with th king's
chapl an th quir of Paul's, my Lor Car inal took th instrumnt
of this prptual pac an amity, an ra th sam opnly bfor th
king an th assmbly, both of English an Frnch, to th which th
king subscrib with his own han , an th Gran Mastr, for th Frnch
king, in lik wis, th which was sal with sals of fin gol ,
ngravn, an livr to ach othr as thir firm  s; an all this
on an finish thy part .
Th king ro  hom to th car inal's hous at Wstminstr, to
innr, with whom in all th Frnchmn, passing all ay aftr in
consultation in wighty mattrs, touching th conclusion of this pac
an amity. That on, th king wnt again by watr to Grnwich; at
whos parting it was trmin by th king's vic, that th Frnch
gntlmn shoul rsort unto Richmon to hunt thr, in vry of th
parks, an from thnc to Hampton Court, an thrin likwis to hunt,
an thr my Lor Car inal to mak for thm a suppr, an lo g thm
thr that night; an from thnc thy shoul ri  to Win sor, an
thr to hunt, an aftr thir rturn to Lon on thy shoul rsort to
th court, whras th king woul banqut thm. An this prfctly
trmin , th king an th Frnchmn all part .

Thn was thr no mor to o but to mak provision at Hampton Court

for this assmbly against th ay appoint . My Lor Car inal call
for his principal officrs of his hous, as his Stwar , Comptrollr,
an th Clrks of his Kitchn, whom h comman  to prpar for this
banqut at Hampton Court; an nithr to spar for xpnss or travail,
to mak thm such triumphant chr, as thy may not only won r at it
hr, but also mak a glorious rport in thir country, to th king's
honour an [that] of this ralm. His plasur onc known, to accomplish
his comman mnt thy snt forth all th catrrs, purvyors, an othr
prsons, to prpar of th finst vian s that thy coul gt, othr for
mony or frin ship among my lor 's frin s. Also thy snt for all th
xprtst cooks, bsi s my lor 's, that thy coul gt in all Englan ,
whr thy might b gottn, to srv to garnish this fast.
Th purvyors brought an snt in such plnty of costly provision, as
y woul won r at th sam. Th cooks wrought both night an ay in
ivrs subtltis an many crafty vics; whr lack nithr gol ,
silvr, n any othr costly thing mt for th purpos.
Th yomn an grooms of th war robs wr busi in hanging of th
chambrs with costly hangings, an furnishing th sam with b s of
silk, an othr furnitur apt for th sam in vry gr. Thn my
Lor Car inal snt m, bing gntlman ushr, with two othr of my
fllows, to Hampton Court, to fors all things touching our rooms, to
b noblily garnish accor ingly. Our pains wr not small or light,
but travling aily from chambr to chambr. Thn th carpntrs, th
joinrs, th masons, th paintrs, an all othr artificrs ncssary
to glorify th hous an fast wr st at work. Thr was carriag an
r-carriag of plat, stuff, [an ] othr rich implmnts; so that thr
was nothing lacking or to b imagin or vis for th purpos.
Thr wr also fourtn scor b s provi  an furnish with all
mannr of furnitur to thm blonging, too long particularly hr to
rhars. But to all wis mn it sufficth to imagin, that knowth
what blongth to th furnitur of such triumphant fast or banqut.
Th ay was com that to th Frnchmn was assign , an thy ra y
assmbl at Hampton Court, somthing bfor th hour of thir
appointmnt. Whrfor th officrs caus thm to ri  to Hanworth,
a plac an park of th king's, within two or thr mils, thr to
hunt an spn th tim until night. At which tim thy rturn
again to Hampton Court, an vry of thm convy to his chambr
svrally, having in thm grat firs an win ra y to rfrsh thm,
rmaining thr until thir suppr was ra y, an th chambrs whr
thy shoul sup wr or r in u form. Th first waiting-chambr
was hang with fin arras, an so was all th rst, on bttr than
an othr, furnish with tall yomn. Thr was st tabls roun about
th chambr, banqut-wis, all covr with fin cloths of iapr. A
cupboar of plat, parcl gilt, having also in th sam chambr, to
giv th mor light, four plats of silvr, st with lights upon thm,
a grat fir in th chimny.
Th nxt chambr, bing th chambr of prsnc, hang with vry rich
arras, whrin was a gorgous an a prcious cloth of stat hang
up, rplnish with many goo ly gntlmn ra y to srv. Th boar s
wr st as th othr boar s wr in th othr chambr bfor, sav
that th high tabl was st an rmov bnath th cloth of stat,
towar s th mi st of th chambr, covr with fin linn cloths of
amask work, swtly prfum . Thr was a cupboar ma , for th
tim, in lngth, of th bra th of th nthr n of th sam chambr,
six sks high[130], full of gilt plat, vry sumptuous, an of th
nwst fashions; an upon th nthrmost sk garnish all with plat
of clan gol , having two grat can lsticks of silvr an gilt, most
curiously wrought, th workmanship whrof, with th silvr, cost thr
hun r marks, an lights of wax as big as torchs burning upon th
sam. This cupboar was barr in roun about that no man might com
nigh it; for thr was non of th sam plat occupi or stirr
uring this fast, for thr was sufficint bsi s. Th plats that
hung on th walls to giv light in th chambr wr of silvr an gilt,
with lights burning in thm, a grat fir in th chimny, an all othr
things ncssary for th furnitur of so nobl a fast.
Now was all things in a ra inss an suppr tim at han . My lor 's
officrs caus th trumpts to blow to warn to suppr, an th sai
officrs wnt right iscrtly in u or r an con uct ths nobl
prsonags from thir chambrs unto th chambr of prsnc whr thy
shoul sup. An thy, bing thr, caus thm to sit own; thir
srvic was brought up in such or r an abun anc, both costly an
full of subtltis, with such a plasant nois of ivrs instrumnts
of music, that th Frnchmn, as it sm , wr rapt into a havnly
para is.
Y must un rstan that my lor was not thr, n yt com, but thy
bing mrry an plasant with thir far, vising an won ring
upon th subtltis. Bfor th scon cours, my Lor Car inal
cam in among thm, boot an spurr , all su nly, an ba  thm
_profac_[131]; at whos coming thy woul hav risn an givn plac
with much joy. Whom my lor comman  to sit still, an kp thir
rooms; an straightways, bing not shift of his ri ing apparl,
call for a chair, an sat himslf own in th mi st of th tabl,
laughing an bing as mrry as vr I saw him in all my lif. Anon cam
up th scon cours, with so many ishs, subtltis, an curious
vics, which wr abov a hun r in numbr, of so goo ly proportion
an costly, that I suppos th Frnchmn nvr saw th lik. Th won r
was no lss than it was worthy in  . Thr wr castls with imags
in th sam; Paul's church an stpl, in proportion for th quantity
as wll countrfit as th paintr shoul hav paint it upon a
cloth or wall. Thr wr basts, bir s, fowls of ivrs kin s, an
prsonags, most livly ma  an countrfit in ishs; som fighting,
as it wr with swor s, som with guns an crossbows, som vaulting
an laping; som ancing with la is, som in complt harnss,
justing with spars, an with many mor vics than I am abl with
my wit [to] scrib. Among all, on I not : thr was a chss boar
subtilly ma  of spic plat, with mn to th sam; an for th goo
proportion, bcaus that Frnchmn b vry xprt in that play, my lor
gav th sam to a gntlman of Franc, comman ing that a cas shoul
b ma  for th sam in all hast, to prsrv it from prishing in th
convyanc throf into his country. Thn my lor took a bowl of gol ,
which was stm of th valu of fiv hun r marks, fill with
hypocras, whrof thr was plnty, putting off his cap, sai , "I rink
to th king my sovrign lor an mastr, an to th king your mastr,"
an thrwith rank a goo raught. An whn h ha on, h sir
th Gran Mastr to pl g him cup an all, th which cup h gav him;
an so caus all th othr lor s an gntlmn in othr cups to pl g
ths two royal princs.
Thn wnt cups mrrily about, that many of th Frnchmn wr fain to
b l to thir b s. Thn wnt my lor , laving thm sitting still,
into his privy chambr to shift him; an making thr a vry short
suppr, or rathr a small rpast, rturn again among thm into th
chambr of prsnc, using thm so nobly, with so loving an familiar
countnanc an ntrtainmnt, that thy coul not commn him too
much.
An whilst thy wr in communication an othr pastims, all thir
livris wr srv to thir chambrs. Evry chambr ha a bason an
a wr of silvr, som gilt, an som parcl gilt; an som two grat
pots of silvr, in lik mannr, an on pot at th last with win an
br, a bowl or goblt, an a silvr pot to rink br in; a silvr
can lstick or two, with both whit lights an yllow lights [of] thr
sizs of wax; an a staff torch; a fin mancht, an a chat loaf of
bra . Thus was vry chambr furnish throughout th hous, an yt
th two cupboar s in th two banquting chambrs not onc touch .
Thn bing past mi night, as tim srv thy wr convy to thir
lo gings, to tak thir rst for that night. In th morning of th nxt
ay, (not arly), thy ros an har mass, an in with my lor , an
so part towar s Win sor, an thr hunt , lighting much of th
castl an collg, an in th Or r of th Gartr. Thy bing part
from Hampton Court, my lor rturn again to Wstminstr, bcaus it
was in th mi st of th trm.
It is not to b oubt , but that th king was privy of all this worthy
fast, [an ] intn  far to xc th sam; (whom I lav until th
rturn of th Frnchmn), who gav a spcial comman mnt to all his
officrs to vis a far [mor] sumptuous banqut for th strangrs,
othrwis than thy ha at Hampton Court; which was not nglct , but
most sp ily put in xcution with grat ilignc.
Aftr th rturn of ths strangrs from Win sor, which plac with
th goo ly or r throf thy much commn  , th ay approach that
thy wr invit to th court at Grnwich; whr first thy in ,
an aftr long consultation of th sagst with our counsllors, an
ancing of th rst an othr pastims, th tim of suppr cam on.
Thn was th banquting chambr in th tiltyar furnish for th
ntrtainmnt of ths strangrs, to th which plac thy wr convy
by th noblst prsons bing thn in th court, whr thy both supp
an banqut . But to scrib th ishs, th subtltis, th many
strang vics an or r in th sam, I o both lack wit in my gross
ol ha , an cunning in my bowls to clar th won rful an curious
imaginations in th sam invnt an vis . Yt this y shall
un rstan : that although it was at Hampton Court marvllous sumptuous,
yt i this banqut far xc th sam, as fin gol oth silvr in
wight an valu; an for my part I must n s confss, (which saw thm
both), that I nvr saw th lik, or ra in any story or chronicl of
any such fast. In th mi st of this banqut, thr was tournying at
th barrirs (vn in th chambr), with lusty gntlmn in gorgous
complt harnss, on foot; thn was thr th lik on horsback; an
aftr all this thr was th most goo list isguising or intrlu ,
ma  in Latin an Frnch, whos apparl was of such xc ing richs,
that it passth my capacity to xpoun .
This on, thn cam in such a numbr of th fair la is an
gntlwomn that bar any bruit or fam of bauty in all this ralm,
in th most richst apparl, an vis in ivrs goo ly fashions
that all th cunningst tailors coul vis to shap or cut, to st
forth thir bauty, gstur, an th goo ly proportion of thir bo is:
who sm to all mn mor anglic than arthly [craturs] ma  of
flsh an bon;--surly to m, simpl soul, it sm instimabl
to b scrib , an so I think it was to othr of a mor highr
ju gmnt,--with whom ths gntlmn of Franc anc until anothr
mask cam in of nobl gntlmn, who anc an mask with ths fair
la is an gntlwomn, vry man as his fantasy srv [him]. This
on, an th maskrs part , thr cam in anothr mask of la is
so gorgously apparll in costly garmnts, that I ar not prsum
to tak upon m to mak throf any claration, lst I shoul rathr
fac than bautify thm, thrfor I lav it untouch . Ths la y
maskrs took ach of thm a Frnch gntlman to anc an mask with
thm. Y shall un rstan that ths la y maskrs spak goo Frnch,
which light much ths gntlmn, to har ths la is spak to
thm in thir own tongu.
Thus was this night occupi an consum from fiv of th clock until
two or thr aftr mi night; at which tim it was convnint for all
stats to raw to thir rst. An thus vry man part whithr thy
ha most rlif. Thn as nothing ithr halth, walth, or plasur,
can always n ur, so n  this triumphant banqut, th which in th
morning sm to all th bhol rs but as a fantastical ram.
Aftr all this solmn chr, at a ay appoint thy prpar thm to
rturn with bag an baggag. Thn, as to th offic of all honourabl
prsons oth apprtain, [thy] rsort in goo or r to th court, to
tak thir lav of th king, an othr noblmn, thn bing thr: to
whom th king committ his princly commn ations to th king thir
mastr, an thank thm of thir pains an travl, an aftr long
communication with th most honourabl of th mbassy, h ba thm
a iu.
[Thy wr] assign by th council to rpair to my Lor Car inal for
to rciv th king's most nobl rwar , whrfor thy rpair to my
lor , an taking of thir lav, thy rciv vry man th king's
rwar aftr this sort; vry honourabl prson in stimation ha most
commonly plat, to th valu of thr or four hun r poun s, an som
mor, an som lss, bsi s othr grat gifts rciv at th king's
han s bfor; as rich gowns, horss, or goo ly gl ings of grat valu
an goo nss; an som ha wighty chains of fin gol , with ivrs
othr gifts, which I cannot now call to my rmmbranc; but this I
know, that th last of thm all ha a sum of crowns of gol : th worst
pag among thm ha twnty crowns for his part: an thus thy (nobly
rwar  ), part . An my lor , aftr humbl commn ations ha to th
Frnch king, ba thm a iu. An th nxt ay thy convy all thir
stuff an furnitur unto th sasi , accompani with lusty young
gntlmn of Englan : but what prais or commn ation thy ma  in
thir country at thir rturn, in goo faith, I cannot tll you, for I
nvr har any thing throf.
Thn bgan othr mattrs to brw an tak plac that occupi all
mn's ha s with ivrs imaginations, whos stomachs wr thrwith
full fill without any prfct igstion. Th long hi an scrt
lov btwn th king an Mistrss Ann Bolyn bgan to brak out into
vry man's ars. Th mattr was thn by th king isclos to my Lor
Car inal; whos prsuasion to th contrary, ma  to th king upon his
kns, coul not ffct: th king was so amorously affctionat, that
will bar plac, an high iscrtion banish for th tim[132]. My
lor , provok by th king to clar his wis opinion in this mattr
for th furthranc of his sir affcts, who thought it not mt
for him alon to wa  too far, to giv his hasty ju gmnt or a vic
in so wighty a mattr, sir of th king licns to ask counsl of
mn of ancint stu y, an of famous larning, both in th laws ivin
an civil. That obtain , h by his lgatin authority snt out his
commission unto all th bishops of this ralm, an for othr that wr
ithr xactly larn in any of th sai laws, or ls ha in any
stimation for thir pru nt counsl an ju gmnt in princly affairs
of long xprinc.
Thn assmbl ths prlats bfor my Lor Car inal at his plac in
Wstminstr, with many othr famous an notabl clrks of both th
Univrsitis (Oxfor an Cambri g), an also ivrs out of collgs
an cath ral churchs of this ralm, rnown an allow larn
an of witty iscrtion in th trmination of oubtful qustions.
Thn was th mattr of th king's cas bat , rason an argu ;
consulting from ay to ay, an tim to tim; that it was to mn
larn a goo ly haring; but in conclusion, it sm m, by th
parting of th ancint fathrs of th laws, that thy part with
on ju gmnt contrary to th xpctation of th principal partis.
I har th opinion of som of th most famous prsons, among that
sort, rport, that th king's cas was so obscur an oubtful for any
larn man to iscuss; th points thrin wr so ark to b cr it
that it was vry har to hav any tru un rstan ing or intllignc.
An thrfor thy part without any rsolution or ju gmnt. Thn
in this assmbly of bishops it was thought most xp int that th
king shoul first sn out his commissionrs into all th Univrsitis
of Christn om, as wll hr in Englan as in forign countris an
rgions, to hav among thm his grac's cas argu substantially, an
to bring with thm from thnc th vry finition of thir opinions in
th sam, un r th sals of vry svral Univrsity. Thus was thir
trmination for this tim; an thrupon agr , that commissionrs
wr incontinnt appoint an snt forth about this mattr into
svral Univrsitis, as som to Oxfor , som to Cambri g, som to
Louvain, som to Paris, som to Orlans, som to Bologna, an som to
Pa ua, an som to othr. Although ths commissionrs ha th travail,
yt was th chargs th king's; th which was no small sums of mony,
an all wnt out of th king's coffrs into forign rgions. For as
I har it rport of cr ibl prsons (as it sm in  ), that
bsi s th grat chargs of th commissionrs, thr was instimabl
sums of mony givn to th famous clrks to chok thm, an in spcial
to such as ha th govrnanc an custo y of thir Univrsitis'
sals[133]. Insomuch as thy agr , not only in opinions, but also
obtain of thm th Univrsitis' sals, (th which obtain ), thy
rturn hom again furnish for thir purpos. At whos rturn thr
was no small joy ma  of th principal partis. Insomuch as th
commissionrs wr not only vr aftr in grat stimation, but also
most librally a vanc an rwar  , far byon thir worthy srts.
Notwithstan ing, thy prospr , an th mattr wnt still forwar ,
having thn (as thy thought), a sur foun ation to groun thm upon.
Ths proc ings bing onc clar to my Lor Car inal, [h] snt
again for all th bishops, whom h ma  privy of th xp ition of
th commissionrs; an for th vry proof throf h show thm th
opinions of th svral Univrsitis in writing un r th Univrsitis
sals[134]. Ths mattrs bing thus brought to pass, thy wnt again
to consultation how ths mattrs shoul b or r to th purpos.
It was thn thought goo an conclu  , by th a vic of thm all,
that th king shoul (to avoi all ambiguitis), sn unto th pop
a lgation with th instrumnts, claring th opinions of th
Univrsitis un r thir sals; to th which it was thought goo that
all ths prlats in this assmbly shoul join with th king in this
lgation, making intrcssion an suit to th pop for a vic an
ju gmnt in this grat an wighty mattr; an if th pop woul not
irctly consnt to th sam rqust, that thn th ambassa ors shoul
farthr rquir of him a commission to b irct (un r la [135]),
to stablish a court ju icial in Englan , (** **** *****) irct to
my Lor Car inal, an unto th Car inal Campggio, (who was thn Bishop
of Bath), although h was a strangr, which [bishopric] th king gav
him at such tim as h was th pop's ambassa or hr in Englan ), to
har an trmin accor ing to th just ju gmnt of thir conscinc.
Th which aftr long an grat suit, thy obtain of th pop his
commission. This on an achiv , thy ma  rturn into Englan ,
making rport unto th king of thir xp ition, trusting that his
grac's plasur an purpos shoul now b prsntly brought to pass,
consi ring th stat of th ju gs, who wr th Car inal of Englan
an Campggio, bing both his highnss's subjcts in ffct.
Long was th sir, an gratr was th hop on all si s, xpcting
th coming of th lgation an commission from Rom, yt at lngth
it cam. An aftr th arrival of th Lgat Campggio with his
solmn commission in Englan , h bing sor vx with th gout, was
constrain by forc throf to mak a long journy or vr h cam to
Lon on; who shoul hav bn most solmnly rciv at Blackhath, an
so with grat triumph convy to Lon on; but his glory was such, that
h woul in nowis b ntrtain with any such pomp or vainglory, who
su nly cam by watr in a whrry to his own hous without Tmpl Bar,
call thn Bath Plac, which was furnish for him with all mannr of
stuff an implmnts of my lor 's provision; whr h continu an
lo g uring his abo  hr in Englan .
Thn aftr som libration, his commission un rstoo , ra , an
prciv it was by th council trmin , that th king, an th
qun his wif, shoul b lo g at Bri wll. An that in th Black
Friars a crtain plac shoul b appoint whr as th king an
th qun might most convnintly rpair to th court, thr to b
rct an kpt for th isputation an trmination of th king's
cas, whr as ths two lgats sat in ju gmnt as notabl ju gs;
bfor whom th king an th qun wr uly cit an summon to
appar. Which was th strangst an nwst sight an vic that vr
was ra or har in any history or chronicl in any rgion; that a
king an a qun [shoul ] b convnt an constrain by procss
compllatory to appar in any court as common prsons, within thir
own ralm or ominion, to abi  th ju gmnt an crs of thir own
subjcts, having th royal ia m an prrogativ throf. Is it not
a worl to consi r th sir of wilful princs, whn thy fully
b bnt an inclin to fulfil thir voluptuous apptits, against
th which no rasonabl prsuasions will suffic; littl or nothing
wighing or rgar ing th angrous squl that oth nsu as wll
to thmslvs as to thir ralm an subjcts. An abov all things,
thr is no on thing that causth thm to b mor wilful than carnal
sir an voluptuous affction of foolish lov. Th xprinc is
plain, in this cas both manifst an vi nt, for what surmis
invntions hav bn invnt , what laws hav bn nact , what nobl
an ancint monastris ovrthrown an fac , what ivrsitis of
rligious opinions hav risn, what xcutions hav bn committ , how
many famous an notabl clrks hav suffr ath, what charitabl
foun ations wr prvrt from th rlif of th poor, unto profan
uss, an what altrations of goo an wholsom ancint laws an
customs hath bn caus by will an wilful sir of th princ,
almost to th subvrsion an issolution of this nobl ralm. All mn
may un rstan what hath chanc to this rgion; th proof throf hath
taught all us Englishmn a common xprinc, th mor is th pity,
an is to all goo mn vry lamntabl to b consi r . If ys b
not blin mn may s, if ars b not stopp thy may har, an if
pity b not xil thy may lamnt th squl of this prnicious an
inor inat carnal lov. Th plagu whrof is not cas (although this
lov last but a whil), which our Lor qunch; an tak from us his
in ignation! _Quia pcavimus cum patribus nostris, t injust gimus,
&c._
Y shall un rstan , as I sai bfor, that thr was a court rct
in th Black Friars in Lon on, whr ths two car inals sat for
ju gs. Now will I st you out th mannr an or r of th court thr.
First, thr was a court plac with tabls, bnchs, an bars, lik
a consistory, a plac ju icial (for th ju gs to sit on). Thr was
also a cloth of stat un r th which sat th king; an th qun sat
som istanc bnath th king: un r th ju gs' ft sat th officrs
of th court. Th chif scrib thr was Dr. Stphns[136], (who was
aftr Bishop of Winchstr); th apparitor was on Cook, most commonly
call Cook of Winchstr. Thn sat thr within th sai court,
irctly bfor th king an th ju gs, th Archbishop of Cantrbury,
Doctor Warham, an all th othr bishops. Thn at both th n s, with
a bar ma  for thm, th counsllors on both si s. Th octors for
th king wr Doctor Sampson, that was aftr Bishop of Chichstr, an
Doctor Bll, who aftr was Bishop of Worcstr, with ivrs othr. Th
proctors on th king's part wr Doctor Ptr, who was aftr ma  th
king's chif scrtary, an Doctor Trgonll, an ivrs othr.
Now on th othr si  stoo th counsl for th qun, Doctor Fishr,
Bishop of Rochstr, an Doctor Stan ish, som tim a Gry Friar, an
thn Bishop of St. Asaph in Wals, two notabl clrks in ivinity, an
in spcial th Bishop of Rochstr, a vry go ly man an a vout
prson, who aftr suffr ath at Towr Hill; th which was gratly
lamnt through all th forign Univrsitis of Christn om. Thr was
also anothr ancint octor, call , as I rmmbr, Doctor Ri ly, a
vry small prson in statur, but surly a grat an an xcllnt clrk
in ivinity.
Th court bing thus furnish an or r , th ju gs comman  th
crir to proclaim silnc; thn was th ju gs' commission, which thy
ha of th pop, publish an ra opnly bfor all th au inc
thr assmbl . That on, th crir call th king, by th nam of
"King Hnry of Englan , com into th court, &c." With that th king
answr an sai , "Hr, my lor s!" Thn h call also th qun, by
th nam of "Kathrin Qun of Englan , com into th court, &c.;"
who ma  no answr to th sam, but ros up incontinnt out of hr
chair, whr as sh sat, an bcaus sh coul not com irctly to th
king for th istanc which svr thm, sh took pain to go about
unto th king, knling own at his ft in th sight of all th court
an assmbly, to whom sh sai [137] in ffct, in brokn English, as
followth:
"Sir," quoth sh, "I bsch you for all th lovs that hath bn
btwn us, an for th lov of Go , lt m hav justic an right,
tak of m som pity an compassion, for I am a poor woman an a
strangr born out of your ominion, I hav hr no assur frin ,
an much lss in iffrnt counsl; I fl to you as to th ha of
justic within this ralm. Alas! Sir, whrin hav I offn  you, or
what occasion of isplasur? Hav I sign against your will an
plasur; intn ing (as I prciv) to put m from you? I tak Go
an all th worl to witnss, that I hav bn to you a tru humbl
an ob int wif, vr conformabl to your will an plasur, that
nvr sai or i any thing to th contrary throf, bing always wll
plas an contnt with all things whrin you ha any light or
allianc, whthr it wr in littl or much, I nvr gru g in wor
or countnanc, or show a visag or spark of iscontntation. I
lov all thos whom y lov only for your sak, whthr I ha caus
or no; an whthr thy wr my frin s or my nmis. This twnty
yars I hav bn your tru wif or mor, an by m y hav ha ivrs
chil rn, although it hath plas Go to call thm out of this worl ,
which hath bn no fault in m.
"An whn y ha m at th first, I tak Go to b my ju g, I was a
tru mai without touch of man; an whthr it b tru or no, I put
it to your conscinc. If thr b any just caus by th law that y
can allg against m, ithr of ishonsty or any othr imp imnt to
banish an put m from you, I am wll contnt to part to my grat
sham an ishonour; an if thr b non, thn hr I most lowly
bsch you lt m rmain in my formr stat, an rciv justic
at your han s. Th king your fathr was in th tim of his rign of
such stimation thorough th worl for his xcllnt wis om, that h
was account an call of all mn th scon Solomon; an my fathr
Fr inan , King of Spain, who was stm to b on of th wittist
princs that rign in Spain, many yars bfor, wr both wis an
xcllnt kings in wis om an princly bhaviour. It is not thrfor
to b oubt , but that thy lct an gathr as wis counsllors
about thm as to thir high iscrtions was thought mt. Also, as m
smth, thr was in thos ays as wis, as wll larn mn, an mn
of as goo ju gmnt as b at this prsnt in both ralms, who thought
thn th marriag btwn you an m goo an lawful. Thrfor it
is a won r to har what nw invntions ar now invnt against m,
that nvr intn  but honsty. An caus m to stan to th or r
an ju gmnt of this nw court, whrin y may o m much wrong, if
y intn any crulty; for y may con mn m for lack of sufficint
answr, having no in iffrnt counsl, but such as b assign m,
with whos wis om an larning I am not acquaint . Y must consi r
that thy cannot b in iffrnt counsllors for my part which b your
subjcts, an takn out of your own council bfor, whrin thy b
ma  privy, an ar not, for your isplasur, isoby your will an
intnt, bing onc ma  privy thrto. Thrfor I most humbly rquir
you, in th way of charity, an for th lov of Go , who is th just
ju g, to spar m th xtrmity of this nw court, until I may b
a vrtis what way an or r my frin s in Spain will a vis m to
tak. An if y will not xtn to m so much in iffrnt favour, your
plasur thn b fulfill , an to Go I commit my caus[138]!"
An with that sh ros up, making a low courtsy to th king, an so
part from thnc. [Many] suppos that sh woul hav rsort
again to hr formr plac; but sh took hr way straight out of th
hous, laning (as sh was wont always to o) upon th arm of hr
Gnral Rcivr, call Mastr Griffith. An th king bing a vrtis
of hr partur, comman  th crir to call hr again, who call
hr by th nam of "Kathrin Qun of Englan , com into th court,
&c." With that quoth Mastr Griffith, "_Ma am, y b call again_."
"On, on," quoth sh, "it makth no mattr, for it is no in iffrnt
court for m, thrfor I will not tarry. Go on your ways." An thus
sh part out of that court, without any farthr answr at that
tim, or at any othr, nor woul nvr appar at any othr court aftr.
Th king prciving that sh was part in such sort, calling to his
grac's mmory all hr lamnt wor s that sh ha pronounc bfor him
an all th au inc, sai thus in ffct: "For as much," quoth h,
"as th qun is gon, I will, in hr absnc, clar unto you all
my lor s hr prsntly assmbl , sh hath bn to m as tru, as
ob int, an as conformabl a wif as I coul in my fantasy wish or
sir. Sh hath all th virtuous qualitis that ought to b in a woman
of hr ignity, or in any othr of basr stat. Surly sh is also
a nobl woman born, if nothing wr in hr, but only hr con itions
will wll clar th sam." With that quoth my Lor Car inal, "Sir,
I most humbly bsch your highnss to clar m bfor all this
au inc, whthr I hav bn th chif invntor[139] or first movr
of this mattr unto your majsty; for I am gratly suspct of all mn
hrin." "My Lor Car inal," quoth th king, "I can wll xcus you
hrin. Marry (quoth h), y hav bn rathr against m in attmpting
or stting forth throf. An to put you all out of oubt, I will
clar unto you th spcial caus that mov m hrunto; it was a
crtain scrupulosity that prick my conscinc upon ivrs wor s that
wr spokn at a crtain tim by th Bishop of Bayonn, th Frnch
King's Ambassa or[140], who ha bn hr long upon th bating for
th conclusion of a marriag to b conclu  btwn th princss our
aughtr Mary, an th Duk of Orlans, th Frnch king's scon son.

"An upon th rsolution an trmination throf, h sir rspit

to a vrtis th king his mastr throf, whthr our aughtr Mary
shoul b lgitimat, in rspct of th marriag which was somtim
btwn th qun hr, an my brothr th lat Princ Arthur. Ths
wor s wr so conciv within my scrupulous conscinc, that it br
a oubt within my brast, which oubt prick , vx , an troubl
so my min , an so isquit m, that I was in grat oubt of Go 's
in ignation; which (as sm m), appar right wll; much th rathr
for that h hath not snt m any issu mal; for all such issu mal as
I hav rciv of th qun i incontinnt aftr thy wr born; so
that I oubt th punishmnt of Go in that bhalf. Thus bing troubl
in wavs of a scrupulous conscinc, an partly in spair of any
issu mal by hr, it rav m at last to consi r th stat of this
ralm, an th angr it stoo in for lack of issu mal to succ
m in this imprial ignity. I thought it goo thrfor in rlif of
th wighty bur n of scrupulous conscinc, an th quit stat of
this nobl ralm, to attmpt th law thrin, an whthr I might tak
anothr wif in cas that my first copulation with this gntlwoman
wr not lawful; which I intn not for any carnal concupiscnc, n
for any isplasur or mislik of th qun's prson or ag, with whom
I coul b as wll contnt to continu uring my lif, if our marriag
may stan with Go 's laws, as with any woman aliv; in which point
consistth all this oubt that w go now about to try by th larn
wis om an ju gmnt of you our prlats an pastors of this ralm hr
assmbl for that purpos; to whos conscinc an ju gmnt I hav
committ th charg accor ing to th which (Go willing), w will b
right wll contnt to submit ourslf, to oby th sam for our part.
Whrin aftr I onc prciv my conscinc woun  with th oubtful
cas hrin, I mov first this mattr in confssion to you, my Lor
of Lincoln[141], my ghostly fathr. An for as much as thn yourslf
wr in som oubt to giv m counsl, mov m to ask farthr counsl
of all you my lor s; whrin I mov you first my Lor of Cantrbury,
axing your licns, (for as much [as] you wr our mtropolitan) to
put this mattr in qustion; an so I i of all you my lor s, to th
which y hav all grant by writing un r all your sals, th which I
hav hr to b show ." "That is truth if it plas your highnss,"
quoth th Bishop of Cantrbury, "I oubt not but all my brthrn hr
prsnt will affirm th sam." "No, Sir, not I," quoth th Bishop of
Rochstr, "y hav not my consnt thrto." "No! ha' th!" quoth th
king, "look hr upon this, is not this your han an sal?" an show
him th instrumnt with sals. "No forsooth, Sir," quoth th Bishop of
Rochstr, "it is not my han nor sal!" To that quoth th king to my
Lor of Cantrbury, "Sir, how say _y_, is it not his han an sal?"
"Ys, Sir," quoth my Lor of Cantrbury. "That is not so," quoth th
Bishop of Rochstr, "for in  you wr in han with m to hav both
my han an sal, as othr of my lor s ha alra y on; but thn I
sai to you, that I woul nvr consnt to no such act, for it wr
much against my conscinc; nor my han an sal shoul nvr b sn
at any such instrumnt, Go willing, with much mor mattr touching th
sam communication btwn us." "You say truth," quoth th Bishop of
Cantrbury, "such wor s y sai unto m; but at th last y wr fully
prsua  that I shoul for you subscrib your nam, an put to a sal
myslf, an y woul allow th sam." "All which wor s an mattr,"
quoth th Bishop of Rochstr, "un r your corrction my lor , an
supportation of this nobl au inc, thr is no thing mor untru."
"Wll, wll," quoth th king, "it shall mak no mattr; w will not
stan with you in argumnt hrin, for you ar but on man." An with
that th court was a journ until th nxt ay of this sssion.
Th nxt court ay th car inals sat thr again, at which tim th
counsl on both si s wr thr prsnt. Th king's counsl allg
th marriag not goo from th bginning, bcaus of th carnal
knowl g committ btwn Princ Arthur hr first husban , th king's
brothr, an hr. This mattr bing vry sor touch an maintain
by th king's counsl; an th contrary fn  by such as took
upon thm to b on that othr part with th goo qun: an to prov
th sam carnal copulation thy allg many colour rasons an
similitu s of truth. It was answr again ngativly on th othr
si , by which it sm that all thir formr allgations [wr] vry
oubtful to b tri , so that it was sai that no man coul know th
truth. "Ys," quoth th Bishop of Rochstr, "_Ego nosco vritatm_,
I know th truth." "How know you th truth?" quoth my Lor Car inal.
"Forsooth, my lor ," quoth h, "_Ego sum profssor vritatis_, I know
that Go is truth itslf, nor h nvr spak but truth; who saith,
_quos Dus conjunxit, homo non spart_. An forasmuch as this marriag
was ma  an join by Go to a goo intnt, I say that I know th
truth; th which cannot b brokn or loos by th powr of man upon no
fign occasion." "So much oth all faithful mn know," quoth my Lor
Car inal, "as wll as you. Yt this rason is not sufficint in this
cas; for th king's counsl oth allg ivrs prsumptions, to prov
th marriag not goo at th bginning, _rgo_, say thy, it was not
join by Go at th bginning, an thrfor it is not lawful; for Go
or ainth nor jointh nothing without a just or r. Thrfor it is not
to b oubt but that ths prsumptions must b tru, as it plainly
apparth; an nothing can b mor tru in cas ths allgations
cannot b avoi  ; thrfor to say that th matrimony was join of
Go , y must prov it farthr than by that txt which y hav allg
for your mattr: for y must first avoi th prsumptions." "Thn,"
quoth on Doctor Ri ly, "it is a sham an a grat ishonour to this
honourabl prsnc, that any such prsumptions shoul b allg in
this opn court, which b to all goo an honst mn most tstabl
to b rhars ." "What," quoth my Lor Car inal, "_Domin Doctor,
magis rvrntr_." "No, no, my lor ," quoth h, "thr blongth
no rvrnc to b givn to ths abominabl prsumptions; for an
unrvrnt tal woul b unrvrntly answr ." An thr thy lft,
an proc  no farthr at that tim.
Thus this court pass from sssion to sssion, an ay to ay, in so
much that a crtain ay th king snt for my lor at th braking up
on ay of th court to com to him into Bri wll. An to accomplish
his comman mnt h wnt unto him, an bing thr with him in
communication in his grac's privy chambr from lvn until twlv
of th clock an past at noon, my lor cam out an part from th
king an took his barg at th Black Friars, an so wnt to his hous
at Wstminstr. Th Bishop of Carlisl bing with him in his barg
sai unto him, (wiping th swat from his fac), "Sir," quoth h, "it
is a vry hot ay." "Ya," quoth my Lor Car inal, "if y ha bn
as wll chaf as I hav bn within this hour, y woul say it wr
vry hot." An as soon as h cam hom to his hous at Wstminstr, h
wnt incontinnt to his nak b , whr h ha not lain fully th
spac of two hours, but that my Lor of Wiltshir cam to spak with
him of a mssag from th king. My lor , having un rstan ing of his
coming, caus him to b brought unto his b 's si ; an h bing
thr, show him th king's plasur was, that h shoul incontinnt
(accompani with th othr car inal) rpair unto th qun at
Bri wll, into hr chambr, to prsua  hr by thir wis oms, a vising
hr to surrn r th whol mattr unto th king's han s by hr own will
an consnt; which shoul b much bttr to hr honour than to stan
to th trial of law an to b con mn , which woul sm much to hr
slan r an famation. To fulfil th king's plasur, my lor [sai ]
h was ra y, an woul prpar him to go thithr out of han , saying
farthr to my Lor of Wiltshir, "Y an othr my lor s of th council,
which b nar unto th king, ar not a littl to blam an misa vis
to put any such fantasis into his ha , whrby y ar th causs of
grat troubl to all th ralm; an at lngth gt you but small thanks
ithr of Go or of th worl ," with many othr vhmnt wor s an
sntncs that wr lik to nsu of this mattr, which wor s caus
my Lor of Wiltshir to watr his ys, knling all this whil by my
lor 's b si , an in conclusion part . An thn my lor ros up,
an ma  him ra y, taking his barg, an wnt straight to Bath Plac
to th othr car inal; an so wnt togthr unto Bri wll, irctly to
th qun's lo ging: an thy, bing in hr chambr of prsnc, show
to th gntlman ushr that thy cam to spak with th qun's grac.
Th gntlman ushr a vrtis th qun throf incontinnt. With that
sh cam out of hr privy chambr with a skin of whit thra about
hr nck, into th chambr of prsnc, whr th car inals wr giving
of attn anc upon hr coming. At whos coming quoth sh, "Alack, my
lor s, I am vry sorry to caus you to attn upon m; what is your
plasur with m?" "If it plas you," quoth my Lor Car inal, "to go
into your privy chambr, w will show you th caus of our coming."
"My lor ," quoth sh, "if you hav any thing to say, spak it opnly
bfor all ths folks; for I far nothing that y can say or allg
against m, but that I woul all th worl shoul both har an s
it; thrfor I pray you spak your min s opnly." Thn bgan my lor
to spak to hr in Latin. "Nay, goo my lor ," quoth sh, "spak to
m in English I bsch you; although I un rstan Latin." "Forsooth
thn," quoth my lor , "Ma am, if it plas your grac, w com both
to know your min , how y b ispos to o in this mattr btwn
th king an you, an also to clar scrtly our opinions an our
counsl unto you, which w hav intn  of vry zal an ob inc
that w bar to your grac." "My lor s, I thank you thn," quoth sh,
"of your goo wills; but to mak answr to your rqust I cannot so
su nly, for I was st among my mai ns at work, thinking full littl
of any such mattr, whrin thr n th a longr libration, an a
bttr ha than min, to mak answr to so nobl wis mn as y b;
I ha n of goo counsl in this cas, which touchth m so nar;
an for any counsl or frin ship that I can fin in Englan , [thy]
ar nothing to my purpos or profit. Think you, I pray you, my lor s,
will any Englishmn counsl or b frin ly unto m against th king's
plasur, thy bing his subjcts? Nay forsooth, my lor s! an for my
counsl in whom I o intn to put my trust b not hr; thy b in
Spain, in my nativ country. Alas, my lor s! I am a poor woman lacking
both wit an un rstan ing sufficintly to answr such approv wis
mn as y b both, in so wighty a mattr. I pray you to xtn your
goo an in iffrnt min s in your authority unto m, for I am a simpl
woman, stitut an barrn of frin ship an counsl hr in a forign
rgion: an as for your counsl I will not rfus but b gla to har."
An with that sh took my lor by th han an l him into hr
privy chambr, with th othr car inal; whr thy wr in long
communication: w, in th othr chambr, might somtim har th
qun spak vry lou , but what it was w coul not un rstan . Th
communication n  , th car inals part an wnt irctly to th
king, making to him rlation of thir talk with th qun; an aftr
rsort hom to thir houss to suppr.
Thus wnt this strang cas forwar from court- ay to court- ay, until
it cam to th ju gmnt, so that vry man xpct th ju gmnt to b
givn upon th nxt court- ay[142]. At which ay th king cam thithr,
an sat within a gallry against th oor of th sam that look unto
th ju gs whr thy sat, whom h might both s an har spak, to
har what ju gmnt thy woul giv in his suit; at which tim all thir
proc ings wr first opnly ra in Latin. An that on, th king's
larn counsl at th bar call fast for ju gmnt. With that, quoth
Car inal Campggio, "I[143] will giv no ju gmnt hrin until I hav
ma  rlation unto th pop of all our proc ings, whos counsl an
comman mnt in this high cas I will obsrv. Th cas is too high an
notabl, known throughout th worl , for us to giv any hasty ju gmnt,
consi ring th highnss of th prsons an th oubtful allgations;
an also whos commissionrs w b, un r whos authority w sit hr.
It wr thrfor rason, that w shoul mak our chif ha [of]
counsl in th sam, bfor w proc to ju gmnt finitiv. I com
not so far to plas any man, for far, m , or favour, b h king
or any othr potntat. I hav no such rspct to th prsons that I
will offn my conscinc. I will not for favour or isplasur of any
high stat or mighty princ o that thing that shoul b against th
law of Go . I am an ol man, both sick an impotnt, looking aily for
ath. What shoul it thn avail m to put my soul in th angr of
Go 's isplasur, to my uttr amnation, for th favour of any princ
or high stat in this worl ? My coming an bing hr is only to s
justic ministr accor ing to my conscinc, as I thought thrby
th mattr ithr goo or ba . An forasmuch as I o un rstan , an
having prcivanc by th allgations an ngations in this mattr lai
for both th partis, that th truth in this cas is vry oubtful
to b known, an also that th party fn ant will mak no answr
thrunto, [but] oth rathr appal from us, supposing that w b not
in iffrnt, consi ring th king's high ignity an authority within
this his own ralm which h hath ovr his own subjcts; an w bing
his subjcts, an having our livings an ignitis in th sam, sh
thinkth that w cannot ministr tru an in iffrnt justic for
far of his isplasur. Thrfor, to avoi all ths ambiguitis
an obscur oubts, I intn not to amn my soul for no princ or
potntat aliv. I will thrfor, Go willing, wa  no farthr in this
mattr, unlss I hav th just opinion an ju gmnt, with th assnt
of th pop, an such othr of his counsl as hath mor xprinc an
larning in such oubtful laws than I hav. Whrfor I will a journ
this court for this tim, accor ing to th or r of th court in Rom,
from whnc this court an juris iction is riv . An if w shoul go
furthr than our commission oth warrant us, it wr folly an vain,
an much to our slan r an blam; an [w] might b account for th
sam brakrs of th or r of th highr court from whnc w hav (as
I sai ) our original authoritis." With that th court was issolv ,
an no mor plas hol n.
With that stpp forth th Duk of Suffolk[144] from th king, an
by his comman mnt spak ths wor s, with a stout an an hault
countnanc, "It was nvr mrry in Englan ," (quoth h), "whilst w
ha car inals among us:" which wor s wr st forth both with such a
vhmnt countnanc, that all mn marvll what h intn  ; to whom
no man ma  answr. Thn th uk spak again in grat spight. To
th which wor s my Lor Car inal, prciving his vhmncy, sobrly
ma  answr an sai , "Sir, of all mn within this ralm, y hav last
caus to isprais or b offn  with car inals: for if I, simpl
car inal, ha not bn, you shoul hav ha at this prsnt no ha
upon your shoul rs, whrin you shoul hav a tongu to mak any such
rport in spight of us, who intn you no mannr of isplasur;
nor hav w givn you any occasion with such spight to b rvng
with your hault wor s. I woul y knw it, my lor , that I an my
brothr hr intn th th king an his ralm as much honour, walth,
an quitnss, as you or any othr, of what stat or gr sovr
h b, within this ralm; an woul as gla ly accomplish his lawful
sir as th poorst subjct h hath. But, my lor , I pray you, show
m what y woul o if y wr th king's commissionr in a forign
rgion, having a wighty mattr to trat upon: an th conclusion bing
 oubtful throf, woul y not a vrtis th king's majsty or vr y
wnt through with th sam? Ys, ys, my lor , I oubt not. Thrfor
I woul y shoul banish your hasty malic an spight out of your
hart, an consi r that w b but commissionrs for a tim, an can,
n may not, by virtu of our commission proc to ju gmnt, without
th knowl g an consnt of th chif ha of our authority, an
having his consnt to th sam; which is th pop. Thrfor w o no
lss n othrwis than our warrant will bar us; an if any man will
b offn  with us thrfor, h is an unwis man. Whrfor my lor ,
hol your pac, an pacify yourslf, an fram your tongu lik a man
of honour an of wis om, an not to spak so quickly or rproachfully
by your frin s; for y know bst what frin ship[145] y hav rciv
at my han s, th which I yt nvr rval to no prson aliv bfor
now, nithr to my glory, n to your ishonour." An thrwith th uk
gav ovr th mattr without any wor s to rply, an so part an
follow aftr th king, who was gon into Bri wll at th bginning
of th uk's first wor s.
This mattr continu long thus, an my Lor Car inal was in
isplasur with th king, for that th mattr in his suit took no
bttr succss, th fault whrof was ascrib much to my lor ,
notwithstan ing my lor xcus him always by his commission, which
gav him no farthr authority to proc in ju gmnt, without knowl g
of th pop, who rsrv th sam to himslf.
At th last thy wr a vrtis by thir post that th pop woul tak
libration in rspct of ju gmnt until his courts wr opn , which
shoul not b bfor Bartholomw ti  nxt. Th king consi ring th
tim to b vry long or th mattr shoul b trmin , thought it
goo to sn a nw mbassy to th pop, to prsua  him to show such
honourabl favour unto his grac, that th mattr might b soonr n 
than it was likly to b, or ls at th nxt court in Rom, to rul
th mattr ovr, accor ing to th king's rqust.
To this mbassy was appoint Doctor Stphns[146], thn scrtary,
that aftr was ma  Bishop of Winchstr. Who wnt thithr, an thr
tarri until th lattr n of summr, as y shall har aftr.
Th king comman  th qun to b rmov out of th court, an snt
to anothr plac; an his highnss ro  in his progrss, with Mistrss
Ann Bolyn in his company, all th grc sason[147].
It was so that th Car inal Campggio ma  suit to b ischarg , that
h might rturn again to Rom. An it chanc that th scrtary, who
was th king's ambassa or to th pop, was rturn hom from Rom;
whrupon it was trmin that th Car inal Campggio shoul rsort
to th king at Grafton in Northamptonshir, an that my lor Car inal
shoul accompany him thithr, whr Campggio shoul tak his lav of
th king. An so thy took thir journy thithrwar from th Moor,
an cam to Grafton[148] upon th Sun ay in th morning, bfor whos
coming thr ros in th court ivrs opinions, that th king woul not
spak with my Lor Car inal; an thrupon wr lai many grat wagrs.
Ths two prlats bing com to th gats of th court, whr thy
alight from thir horss, supposing that thy shoul hav bn
rciv by th ha officrs of th hous as thy wr wont to b; yt
for as much as Car inal Campggio was but a strangr in ffct, th
sai officrs rciv thm, an convy him to his lo ging within th
court, which was prpar for him only. An aftr my lor ha brought
him thus to his lo ging, h lft him thr an part , supposing to
hav gon irctly likwis to his chambr, as h was accustom to
o. An by th way as h was going, it was tol him that h ha no
lo ging appoint for him in th court. An bing thrwith astoni ,
Sir Hnry Norris, Groom of th Stol [to] th king, cam unto him,
(but whthr it was by th king's comman mnt or no I know not), an
most humbly offr him his chambr for th tim, until anothr might
somwhr b provi  for him: "For, Sir, I assur you," quoth h,
"hr is vry littl room in this hous, scantly sufficint for th
king; thrfor I bsch your grac to accpt min for th sason."
Whom my lor thank for his gntl offr, an wnt straight to his
chambr, whr as my lor shift his ri ing apparl, an bing thus
in his chambr, ivrs nobl prsons an gntlmn, bing his loving
frin s, cam to visit him an to wlcom him to th court, by whom
my lor was a vrtis of all things touching th king's isplasur
towar s him; which i him no small plasur; an caus him to b th
mor ra ily provi  of sufficint xcuss for his fnc.
Thn was my lor a vrtis by Mastr Norris, that h shoul prpar
himslf to giv attn anc in th chambr of prsnc against th
king's coming thithr, who was ispos thr to talk with him, an
with th othr car inal, who cam into my lor 's chambr, an thy
togthr wnt into th sai chambr of prsnc, whr th lor s of th
council stoo in a row in or r along th chambr. My lor putting off
his cap to vry of thm most gntly, an so i thy no lss to him:
at which tim th chambr was so furnish with noblmn, gntlmn,
an othr worthy prsons, that only xpct th mting, an th
countnanc of th king an him, an what ntrtainmnt th king ma 
him.
Thn imm iatly aftr cam th king into th chambr, an stan ing
thr un r th cloth of stat, my lor knl own bfor him, who
took my lor by th han , an so h i th othr car inal. Thn h
took my lor up by both arms an caus him to stan up, whom th king,
with as amiabl a chr as vr h i , call him asi , an l him
by th han to a grat win ow, whr h talk with him, an caus him
to b covr .
Thn, to bhol th countnanc of thos that ha ma  thir wagrs to
th contrary, it woul hav ma  you to smil; an thus wr thy all
civ , as wll worthy for thir prsumption. Th king was in long
an arnst communication with him, in so much as I har th king say:
"How can that b: is not this your own han ?" an pluck out from his
bosom a lttr or writing, an show him th sam; an as I prciv
that it was answr so by my lor that th king ha no mor to say in
that mattr; but sai to him: "My lor , go to your innr, an all my
lor s hr will kp you company; an aftr innr I will rsort to you
again, an thn w will commun furthr with you in this mattr; an so
part th king, an in that sam ay with Mrs. Ann Bolyn, in
hr chambr, who kpt thr an stat mor lik a qun than a simpl
mai .
Thn was a tabl st up in th chambr of prsnc for my lor , an
othr lor s of th council, whr thy all in togthr; an sitting
thus at innr communing of ivrs mattrs. Quoth my lor , "It wr
wll on if th king woul sn his chaplains an bishops to thir
curs an bnfics." "Ya marry," quoth my Lor of Norfolk, "an so
it wr for you too." "I coul b contnt thrwith, vry wll,"
quoth my lor , "if it wr th king's plasur to grant m licns,
with his favour, to go to my bnfic of Winchstr." "Nay," quoth
my Lor of Norfolk, "to your bnfic of York, whr consistth your
gratst honour an charg." "Evn as it shall plas th king," quoth
my lor , an so fll into othr communications. For th lor s wr vry
loth to hav him plant so nar th king as to b at Winchstr[149].
Imm iatly aftr innr thy fll in scrt talk until th waitrs
ha in .
An as I har it rport by thm that wait upon th king at innr,
that Mistrss Ann Bolyn was much offn  with th king, as far as
sh urst, that h so gntly ntrtain my lor , saying, as sh sat
with th king at innr, in communication of him, "Sir," quoth sh, "is
it not a marvllous thing to consi r what bt an angr th car inal
hath brought you in with all your subjcts?" "How so, swthart?"
quoth th king. "Forsooth," quoth sh, "thr is not a man within all
your ralm, worth fiv poun s, but h hath in bt you unto him;"
(maning by a loan that th king ha but lat of his subjcts). "Wll,
wll," quoth th king, "as for that thr is in him no blam; for I
know that mattr bttr than you, or any othr." "Nay, Sir," quoth
sh, "bsi s all that, what things hath h wrought within this ralm
to your grat slan r an ishonour? Thr is nvr a noblman within
this ralm that if h ha on but half so much as h hath on, but
h wr wll worthy to los his ha . If my Lor of Norfolk, my Lor
of Suffolk, my lor my fathr, or any othr nobl prson within your
ralm ha on much lss than h, but thy shoul hav lost thir ha s
or this." "Why, thn I prciv," quoth th king, "y ar not th
car inal's frin ?" "Forsooth, Sir," thn quoth sh, "I hav no caus,
nor any othr that lovth your grac, no mor hav your grac, if y
consi r wll his oings." At this tim th waitrs ha takn up th
tabl, an so thy n  thir communication. Now y may prciv th
ol malic bginning to brak out, an nwly to kin l th bran that
aftr prov to a grat fir, which was as much procur by his scrt
nmis, [of whom] I touch somthing bfor, as of hrslf.
Aftr all this communication, th innr thus n  , th king ros up
an wnt incontinnt into th chambr of prsnc, whr as my lor ,
an othr of th lor s wr attn ing his coming, h call my lor
into th grat win ow, an talk with him thr a whil vry scrtly.
An at th last, th king took my lor by th han an l him into
his privy chambr, sitting thr in consultation with him all alon
without any othr of th lor s of th council, until it was night; th
which blank his nmis vry sor, an ma  thm to stir th coals;
bing in oubt what this mattr woul grow unto, having now non othr
rfug to trust to but Mistrss Ann, in whom was all thir whol an
firm trust an affianc, without whom thy oubt all thir ntrpris
but frustrat an voi .
Now was I fain, bing warn that my lor ha no lo ging in th court,
to ri  into th country to provi  for my lor a lo ging; so that I
provi  a lo ging for him at a hous of Mastr Empson's call Euston,
thr mils from Grafton, whithr my lor cam by torch light, it
was so lat or th king an h part . At whos parting th king
comman  him to rsort again arly in th morning to th intnt thy
might finish thir talk which thy ha thn bgun an not conclu  .
Aftr thir parting my lor cam to th sai hous at Euston to
his lo ging, whr h ha to suppr with him ivrs of his frin s
of th court; an sitting at suppr, in cam to him Doctor Stphns,
th scrtary, lat ambassa or unto Rom; but to what intnt h cam
I know not; howbit my lor took it, that h cam to issmbl a
crtain ob inc an lov towar s him, or ls to spy his bhaviour
an to har his communication at suppr. Notwithstan ing my lor ba 
him wlcom, an comman  him to sit own at th tabl to suppr;
with whom my lor ha this communication, un r this mannr. "Mastr
Scrtary," quoth my lor , "y b wlcom hom out of Italy; whn cam
y from Rom?" "Forsooth," quoth h, "I cam hom almost a month ago."
"An whr," quoth my lor , "hav you bn vr sinc?" "Forsooth,"
quoth h, "following th court this progrss." "Thn hav y hunt ,
an ha goo gam an pastim," quoth my lor . "Forsooth, sir," quoth
h, "an so I hav, I thank th king's majsty." "What goo gryhoun s
hav y?" quoth my lor . "I hav som, sir," quoth h. An thus in
hunting, an lik isports, pass thy all thir communication at
suppr; an aftr suppr my lor an h talk scrtly togthr, till
it was mi night or thy part .
Th nxt morning my lor ros arly an ro  straight to th court; at
whos coming th king was ra y to ri , willing my lor to rsort to
th council with th lor s in his absnc, an sai h coul not tarry
with him, comman ing him to rturn with Car inal Campggio, who ha
takn his lav of th king. Whrupon my lor was constrain to tak
his lav also of th king, with whom th king part amiably in th
sight of all mn. Th king's su n parting in th morning was by th
spcial labour of Mistrss Ann, who ro  with him, only to la him
about, bcaus h shoul not rturn until th car inals wr gon, th
which part aftr innr, rturning again towar s th Moor[150].
Th king ro  that morning to viw a groun for a nw park, which
is call at this ay Hartwll Park, whr Mistrss Ann ha ma 
provision for th king's innr, faring his rturn or th car inals
wr gon.
Thn ro  my lor an th othr car inal aftr innr on thir way
homwar , an so cam to th monastry of St. Alban's (whrof h
himslf was commn atory), an thr lay on whol ay; an th nxt
ay thy ro  to th Moor; an from thnc th Car inal Campggio took
his journy towar s Rom, with th king's rwar ; what it was I am
uncrtain. Nvrthlss, aftr his partur, th king was inform
that h carri with him grat trasurs of my lor 's, (convy in
grat tuns) notabl sums of gol an silvr to Rom, whithr thy
surmis my lor woul scrtly convy himslf out of this ralm. In so
much that a post was snt sp ily aftr th car inal to sarch him;
whom thy ovrtook at Calais[151], whr h was stay until sarch was
ma ; thr was not so much mony foun as h rciv of th king's
rwar , an so h was ismiss an wnt his way.
Aftr Car inal Campggio was thus part an gon, Michalmas
Trm[152] rw nar, against th which my lor rturn unto his hous
at Wstminstr; an whn th Trm bgan, h wnt to th hall in such
lik sort an gstur as h was wont most commonly to o, an sat in
th Chancry, bing Chancllor. Aftr which ay h nvr sat thr
mor. Th nxt ay h tarri at hom, xpcting th coming of th
Duks of Suffolk an Norfolk, [who] cam not that ay; but th nxt
ay thy cam thithr unto him; to whom thy clar how th king's
plasur was that h shoul surrn r an livr up th grat sal
into thir han s, an to part simplily unto Ashr[153], a hous
situat nigh Hampton Court, blonging to th Bishoprick of Winchstr.
My lor un rstan ing thir mssag, man  of thm what commission
thy ha to giv him any such comman mnt? who answr him again,
that thy wr sufficint commissionrs in that bhalf, having th
king's comman mnt by his mouth so to o. "Yt," quoth h, "that is not
sufficint for m, without farthr comman mnt of th king's plasur;
for th grat sal of Englan was livr m by th king's own
prson, to njoy uring my lif, with th ministration of th offic
an high room of chancllorship of Englan : for my surty whrof,
I hav th king's lttrs patnt to show." Which mattr was gratly
bat btwn th uks an him with many stout wor s btwn thm;
whos wor s an chcks h took in patinc for th tim: in so much
that th uks wr fain to part again without thir purpos at that
prsnt; an rturn again unto Win sor to th king: an what rport
thy ma  I cannot tll; howbit, th nxt ay thy cam again from
th king, bringing with thm th king's lttrs. Aftr th rcipt an
ra ing of th sam by my lor , which was on with much rvrnc, h
livr unto thm th grat sal[154], contnt to oby th king's
high comman mnt; an sing that th king's plasur was to tak his
hous, with th contnts, was wll plas simply to part to Ashr,
taking nothing but only som provision for his hous.
[Illustration:
_Etch by I HARRIS, Jun[^r]._
THE CARDINAL SURRENDERS THE GREAT SEAL TO THE DUKES OF SUFFOLK &
NORFOLK, AND ALL HIS GOODS TO THE KING.
_From a M.S. in th Collction of Francis Douc Esq.[^r] F.S.A._
_Publish by Har ing, Triphook & Lpar , 1824._]
An aftr long talk btwn th uks an him, thy part , with th
grat sal of Englan , to Win sor, unto th king. Thn wnt my Lor
Car inal an call all officrs in vry offic in his hous bfor
him, to tak account of all such stuff as thy ha in charg[155]. An
in his gallry thr was st ivrs tabls, whrupon a grat numbr of
rich stuffs of silk, in whol pics, of all colours, as vlvt, satin,
amask, caffa, taffta, grograin, sarcnt, an of othr not in my
rmmbranc; also thr lay a thousan pics of fin hollan cloth,
whrof as I har him say aftrwar , thr was fiv hun r pics
throf, convy both from th king an him[156].
Furthrmor thr was also all th walls of th gallry hang with
cloth of gol , an tissu of ivrs makings, an cloth of silvr
likwis on both th si s; an rich cloths of bau kin[157], of
ivrs colours. Thr also hung th richst suits of cops of his own
provision, (which h caus to b ma  for his collgs of Oxfor
an Ipswich), that vr I saw in Englan . Thn ha h two chambrs
a joining to th gallry, th on call th _gilt chambr_, an th
othr call , most commonly, th _council chambr_, whrin wr st
in ach two broa an long tabls, upon trssls, whrupon was st
such a numbr of plat of all sorts, as wr almost incr ibl. In th
_gilt chambr_ was st out upon th tabls nothing but all gilt plat;
an a cupboar stan ing un r a win ow, was garnish all wholly with
plat of clan gol , whrof som was st with parl an rich stons.
An in th _council chambr_ was st all whit plat an parcl gilt;
an un r th tabls, in both th chambrs, wr st baskts with
ol plat, which was not stm but for brokn plat an ol , not
worthy to b occupi , an books containing th valu an wight of
vry parcl lai by thm ra y to b sn; an so was also books st
by all mannr of stuff, containing th contnts of vry thing. Thus
vry thing bing brought into goo or r an furnish , h gav th
charg of th livry throf unto th king, to vry officr within
his offic, of such stuff as thy ha bfor in charg, by in ntur
of vry parcl; for th or r of his hous was such, as that vry
officr was charg by in ntur with all such parcls as blong to
thir offic.
Thn all things bing or r as it is bfor rhars , my lor
prpar him to part by watr. An bfor his parting, h comman 
Sir William Gascoign, his trasurr, to s ths things bfor
rmmbr livr safly to th king at his rpair [thithr]. That
on, th sai Sir William sai unto my lor , "Sir, I am sorry for your
grac, for I un rstan y shall go straightway to th Towr." "Is this
th goo comfort an counsl," quoth my lor , "that y can giv your
mastr in a vrsity? It hath bn always your natural inclination to b
vry light of cr it; an much mor lightr in rporting of fals nws.
I woul y shoul know, Sir William, an all othr such blasphmrs,
that it is nothing mor fals than that, for I nvr (thanks b to
Go ), srv by no ways to com thr un r any arrst, although
it hath plas th king to tak my hous ra y furnish for his
plasur at this tim. I woul all th worl knw, an so I confss,
to hav nothing, ithr richs, honour, or ignity, that hath not
grown of him an by him; thrfor it is my vry uty to surrn r th
sam to him again as his vry own, with all my hart, or ls I wr
an unkin srvant. Thrfor go your ways, an giv goo attn anc
unto your charg, that nothing b mbzzl ." An thrwithal h ma 
him ra y to part, with all his gntlmn an yomn, which was no
small numbr, an took his barg at his privy stairs, an so wnt by
watr unto Putny, whr all his horss wait his coming. An at th
taking of his barg thr was no lss than a thousan boats full of mn
an womn of th city of Lon on, _waffting_ up an own in Thams,
xpcting my lor 's parting, supposing that h shoul hav gon
irctly from thnc to th Towr, whrat thy rjoic , an I ar b
bol to say that th most part nvr rciv amag at his han s.
O wavring an nw fangl multitu ! Is it not a won r to consi r
th inconstant mutability of this uncrtain worl ! Th common popl
always siring altrations an novltis of things for th strangnss
of th cas; which aftr turnth thm to small profit an commo ity.
For if th squl of this mattr b wll consi r an igst , y
shall un rstan that thy ha small caus to triumph at his fall. What
hath succ  all wis mn oth know, an th common sort of thm hath
flt. Thrfor to gru g or won r at it, surly wr but folly; to
stu y a r rss, I s not how it can b holpn, for th inclination
an natural isposition of Englishmn is, an hath always bn, to
sir altration of officrs, which hath bn thoroughly f with long
continuanc in thir rooms with sufficint richs an possssions;
an thy bing put out, thn comth anothr hungry an a lan officr
in his plac, that bitth narr th bon than th ol . So th popl
b vr pill an poll with hungry ogs, through thir own sir
of chang of nw officrs, natur hath so wrought in th popl, that
it will not b r rss . Whrfor I cannot s but always mn in
authority b is ain with th common sort of mn; an such most of
all, that justly ministrth quity to all mn in iffrntly. For whr
thy plas som on which rcivth th bnfit of th law at [thir]
han s accor ing to justic, thr oth thy in likwis isplas th
contrary party, who supposth to sustain grat wrong, whr thy hav
quity an right. Thus all goo justics b always in contmpt with
som for xcuting of in iffrncy. An yt such ministrs must b, for
if thr shoul b no ministrs of justic th worl shoul run full
of rror an abomination, an no goo or r kpt, n quitnss among
th popl. Thr is no goo man but h will commn such justics as
alth uprightly in thir rooms, an rjoic at thir continuanc an
not at thir fall; an whthr this b tru or no, I put it to th
ju gmnt of all iscrt prsons. Now lt us lav, an bgin again
whr w lft.
Whn h was with all his train arriv an lan  at Putny, h took
his mul, an vry man his hors. An stting forth, not past th
lngth of a pair of gar n butts, h spi a man com ri ing mpost
own th hill, in Putny town, man ing of his footmn who thy
thought it shoul b? An thy answr again an sai , that thy
suppos it shoul b Sir Harry Norris. An by an by h cam to
my lor an salut him, an sai "that th king's majsty ha him
commn  to his grac, an will him in any wis to b of goo
chr, for h was as much in his highnss' favour as vr h was, an
so shall b." An in tokn throf, h livr him a ring of gol ,
with a rich ston, which ring h knw vry wll, for it was always th
privy tokn btwn th king an him whnsovr th king woul hav
any spcial mattr ispatch at his han s. An sai furthrmor,
"that th king comman  him to b of goo chr, an tak no thought,
for h shoul not lack. An although th king hath alt with you
unkin ly as y suppos, h saith that it is for no isplasur that
h barth you, but only to satisfy mor th min s of som (which h
knowth b not your frin s), than for any in ignation: an also y
know right wll, that h is abl to rcompns you with twic as much
as your goo s amountth unto; an all this h ba  m, that I shoul
show you, thrfor, sir, tak patinc. An for my part, I trust to
s you in bttr stat than vr y wr." But whn h har Mastr
Norris rhars all th goo an comfortabl wor s of th king, h
quickly light from off his mul, all alon, as though h ha bn
th youngst prson amongst us, an incontinnt knl own in th
irt upon both his kns, hol ing up his han s for joy. Mastr Norris
prciving him so quickly from his mul upon th groun , mus , an
was astoni . An thrwith h alight also, an knl by him,
mbracing him in his arms, an ask him how h i , calling upon him
to cr it his mssag. "Mastr Norris," quoth h, "whn I consi r your
comfortabl an joyful nws, I can o no lss than to rjoic, for th
su n joy surmount my mmory, having no rspct nithr to th
plac or tim, but thought it my vry boun n uty to rn r thanks to
Go my makr, an to th king my sovrign lor an mastr, who hath
snt m such comfort in th vry plac whr I rciv th sam."
An talking with Mastr Norris upon his kns in th mir, h woul
hav pull off his un r cap of vlvt, but h coul not un o th
knot un r his chin; whrfor with violnc h rnt th lacs an
pull it from his ha , an so knl bar ha  . An that on, h
covr again his ha , an aros, an woul hav mount his mul,
but h coul not mount again with such agility as h light bfor,
whr his footmn ha as much a o to st him in his sa l as thy
coul hav. Thn ro  h forth up th hill into th town, talking
with Mastr Norris. An whn h cam upon Putny Hath, Mastr Norris
took his lav an woul hav part . Thn quoth my lor unto him,
"Gntl Norris, if I wr lor of a ralm, th on half throf wr
insufficint a rwar to giv you for your pains, an goo comfortabl
nws. But, goo Mastr Norris, consi r with m, that I hav nothing
lft m but my cloths on my back. Thrfor I sir you to tak this
small rwar of my han s;" th which was a littl chain of gol , ma 
lik a bottl chain, with a cross of gol hanging thrat, whrin
was a pic of th _Holy Cross_, which h wor continually about his
nck nxt his skin; an sai furthrmor, "I assur you, Mastr Norris,
that whn I was in prosprity, although it sm but small in valu, yt
I woul not gla ly hav part with it for th valu of a thousan
poun s. Thrfor I bsch you to tak it in gr, an war it about
your nck for my sak, an as oftn as y shall happn to look upon
it, hav m in rmmbranc to th king's majsty, as opportunity shall
srv you, unto whos Highnss an clmncy, I sir you to hav
[m] most lowly commn  ; for whos charitabl isposition towar s
m, I can o nothing but only ministr my prayr unto Go for th
prsrvation of his royal stat, long to rign in honour, halth,
an quit lif. I am his ob int subjct, vassal, an poor chaplain,
an o so intn , Go willing, to b uring my lif, accounting that
of myslf I am of no stimation nor of no substanc, but only by him
an of him, whom I lov bttr than myslf, an hav justly an truly
srv , to th bst of my gross wit." An with that h took Mastr
Norris by th han an ba  him farwll. An bing gon but a small
istanc, h rturn , an call Mastr Norris again, an whn h was
rturn , h sai unto him: "I am sorry," quoth h, "that I hav no
con ign tokn to sn to th king. But if y woul at this my rqust
prsnt th king with this poor Fool, I trust his highnss woul
accpt him wll, for surly for a noblman's plasur h is worth a
thousan poun s[158]." So Mastr Norris took th Fool with him; with
whom my lor was fain to sn six of [his] tall yomn, to con uct
an convy th Fool to th court; for th poor Fool took on an fir
so in such a rag whn h saw that h must n s part from my lor .
Yt notwithstan ing thy convy him with Mastr Norris to th court,
whr th king rciv him most gla ly.
Aftr th partur of Mastr Norris with his tokn to th king, my
lor ro  straight to Ashr, a hous apprtaining to th Bishoprick of
Winchstr, situat within th county of Surry, not far from Hampton
Court, whr my lor an his family continu th spac of thr or
four wks, without b s, shts, tabl cloths, cups an ishs to
at our mat, or to li in. Howbit, thr was goo provision of all
kin of victuals, an of rink, both br an win, whrof thr was
sufficint an plnty. My lor was of ncssity compll to borrow
of th Bishop of Carlisl, an of Sir Thomas Arun ll, both ishs
to at his mat in, an plat to rink in, an also linn cloths to
occupy. An thus continu h in this strang stat until th fast of
All-hallown ti  was past[159].
It chanc m upon All-hallown ay to com thr into th _Grat
Chambr_ at Ashr, in th morning, to giv min attn anc, whr I
foun Mastr Cromwll laning in th grat win ow, with a Primr in his
han , saying of our La y mattins; which ha bn sinc a vry strang
sight[160]. H pray not mor arnstly than th tars istill
from his ys. Whom I ba  goo morrow. An with that I prciv
th tars upon his chks. To whom I sai , "Why Mastr Cromwll, what
manth all this your sorrow? Is my lor in any angr, for whom y
lamnt thus? or is it for any loss that y hav sustain by any
misa vntur?"
[Illustration: THOMAS CROMWELL,
EARL OF ESSEX.
ENGRAVED BY E. SCRIVEN, AFTER
THE ORIGINAL PICTURE BY HOLBEIN.
_Lon on, Publish Jan. 1, 1825, by Har ing, Triphook & Lpar ._]
"Nay, nay," quoth h, "it is my unhappy a vntur, which am lik to
los all that I hav travail for all th ays of my lif, for oing
of my mastr tru an ilignt srvic." "Why, sir," quoth I, "I trust
y b too wis, to commit any thing by my lor 's comman mnt, othrwis
than y might o of right, whrof y hav any caus to oubt of loss
of your goo s." "Wll, wll," quoth h, "I cannot tll; but all things
I s bfor min ys, is as it is takn; an this I un rstan
right wll, that I am in is ain with most mn for my mastr's sak;
an surly without just caus. Howbit, an ill nam onc gottn will
not lightly b put away. I nvr ha any promotion by my lor to th
incras of my living. An thus much will I say to you, that I intn ,
Go willing, this aftrnoon, whn my lor hath in , to ri  to
Lon on, an so to th court, whr I will ithr mak or mar[161], or
I com again. I will put myslf in pras[162], to s what any man is
abl to lay to my charg of untruth or mis manour." "Marry, sir,"
quoth I, "in so oing, in my concit, y shall o vry wll an wisly,
bsching Go to b your gui , an sn you goo luck, vn as I
woul myslf." An with that I was call into th clost, to s an
prpar all things ra y for my lor , who intn  that ay to say mass
thr himslf; an so I i .
An thn my lor cam thithr with his chaplain, on Doctor Marshall,
saying first his mattins, an har two masss on his kns. An thn
aftr h was confss , h himslf sai mass. An whn h ha finish
mass, an all his ivin srvic, rturn into his chambr, whr h
in among ivrs of his octors, whr as Mastr Cromwll in also;
an sitting at innr, it chanc that my lor commn  th tru an
faithful srvic of his gntlmn an yomn. Whrupon Mastr Cromwll
took an occasion to say to my lor , that in conscinc h ought to
consi r thir truth an loyal srvic that thy i him, in this his
prsnt ncssity, which nvr forsakth him in all his troubl.
"It shall b wll on, thrfor," sai h, "for your grac to
call bfor you all ths your most worthy gntlmn an right
honst yomn, an lt thm un rstan , that y right wll consi r
thir patinc, truth, an faithfulnss; an thn giv thm your
commn ation, with goo wor s an thanks, th which shall b to thm
grat courag to sustain your mishap in patint misry, an to spn
thir lif an substanc in your srvic."
"Alas, Thomas," quoth my lor unto him, "y know I hav nothing to
giv thm, an wor s without  s b not oftn wll takn. For if I
ha but as I hav ha of lat, I woul part with thm so frankly
as thy shoul b wll contnt: but nothing hath no savour; an I am
asham , an also sorry that I am not abl to rquit thir faithful
srvic. An although I hav caus to rjoic, consi ring th fi lity
I prciv in th numbr of my srvants, who will not part from m
in my misrabl stat, but b as ilignt, ob int, an srvicabl
about m as thy wr in my grat triumphant glory, yt o I lamnt
again th want of substanc to istribut among thm." "Why, sir,"
quoth Mastr Cromwll, "hav y not hr a numbr of chaplains, to whom
y hav part vry librally with spiritual promotions, in so much
as som may ispn , by your grac's prfrmnt, a thousan marks by
th yar, an som fiv hun r marks, an som mor, an som lss; y
hav no on chaplain within all your hous, or blonging unto you, but
h may ispn at th last wll (by your procurmnt an prfrmnt)
thr hun r marks yarly, who ha all th profit an a vantag at
your han s, an othr your srvants non at all; an yt hath your poor
srvants takn much mor pains for you in on ay than all your i l
chaplains hath on in a yar. Thrfor if thy will not frly an
frankly consi r your librality, an part with you of th sam goo s
gottn in your srvic, now in your grat in ignc an ncssity, it
is pity that thy liv; an all th worl will hav thm in in ignation
an hatr , for thir abominabl ingratitu  to thir mastr an lor ."
"I think no lss, Thomas," quoth my lor , "whrfor, [I pray you,]
caus all my srvants to b call an to assmbl without, in my
grat chambr, aftr innr, an s thm stan in or r, an I will
clar unto thm my min , accor ing to your a vic." Aftr that th
boar 's n was takn up, Mastr Cromwll cam to m an sai , "Har
you not, what my Lor sai vn now?" "Ys, sir," quoth I, "that I
i ." "Wll, thn," quoth h, "assmbl all my lor 's srvants up
into th grat chambr;" an so I i , an whn thy wr all thr
assmbl , I assign all th gntlmn to stan on th right si  of
th chambr, an th yomn on th lft si . An at th last my lor
cam thithr, apparl in a whit rocht upon a violt gown of cloth
lik a bishop's, who wnt straight into th grat win ow. Stan ing
thr a whil, an his chaplains about him, bhol ing th numbr of
his srvants ivi  in two parts, h coul not spak unto thm for
tn rnss of his hart; th floo of tars that istill from his
ys clar no lss: th which prciv by his srvants, caus th
fountains of watr to gush out of thir faithful harts own thir
chks, in such abun anc as it woul caus a crul hart to lamnt.
At th last, aftr h ha turn his fac to th wall, an wip his
ys with his han krchif, h spak to thm aftr this sort in ffct:
"Most faithful gntlmn an tru hart yomn, I o not only lamnt
[to s] your prsons prsnt about m, but I o lamnt my nglignt
ingratitu  towar s you all on my bhalf, in whom hath bn a grat
fault, that in my prosprity [I] hav not on for you so much as I
might hav on, ithr in wor or  , which was thn in my powr to
o: but thn I knw not my jwls an spcial trasurs that I ha of
you my faithful srvants in my hous; but now approv xprinc hath
taught m, an with th ys of my iscrtion, which bfor wr hi , I
o prciv wll th sam. Thr was nvr thing that rpnt m mor
that vr I i than oth th rmmbranc of my oblivious nglignc
an ungntlnss, that I hav not promot or prfrr you to con ign
rooms an prfrmnts, accor ing to your mrits. Howbit, it is
not unknown to you all, that I was not so wll furnish of tmporal
a vancmnts, as I was of spiritual prfrmnts. An if I shoul hav
promot you to any of th king's offics an rooms, thn shoul I hav
incurr th in ignation of th king's srvants, who woul not much lt
to rport in vry plac bhin my back, that thr coul no offic
or room in th king's gift scap th car inal an his srvants, an
thus shoul I incur th obloquy an slan r bfor th whol worl .
But now it is com to this pass, that it hath plas th king to
tak all that vr I hav into his possssion, so that I hav nothing
lft m but my bar cloths upon my back, th which b but simpl in
comparison to thos that y hav sn m hav or this: howbit, if
thy may o you any goo or plasur, I woul not stick to ivi  thm
among you, ya, an th skin of my back, if it might countrvail any
thing in valu among you. But, goo gntlmn an yomn, my trusty an
faithful srvants, of whom no princ hath th lik, in my opinion, I
most hartily rquir you to tak with m som patinc a littl whil,
for I oubt not but that th king, consi ring th offnc suggst
against m by my mortal nmis, to b of small ffct, will shortly, I
oubt not, rstor m again to my living, so that I shall b mor abl
to ivi  som part throf yarly among you, whrof y shall b wll
assur . For th surplusag of my rvnus, whatsovr shall rmain at
th trmination of my accompts, shall b, Go willing, istribut
among you. For I will nvr hraftr stm th goo s an richs of
this uncrtain worl but as a vain thing, mor than shall b sufficint
for th maintnanc of min stat an ignity, that Go hath or shall
call m unto in this worl uring my lif. An if th king o not thus
shortly rstor m, thn will I s you bstow accor ing to your
own rqusts, an writ for you, ithr to th king, or to any othr
nobl prson within this ralm, to rtain you into srvic; for I
oubt not but th king, or any nobl man, or worthy gntlman of this
ralm, will cr it my lttr in your commn ation. Thrfor, in th
man tim, min a vic is, that y rpair hom to your wivs, such
as hav any: an such among you as hath non, to tak this tim to
visit your parnts an frin s in th country. Thr is non of you
all, but onc in a yar woul rquir licnc to visit your wivs an
othr of your frin s: tak this tim, I pray you, in rspct throf,
an at your rturn I will not rfus you, if I shoul bg with you.
I consi r that th srvic of my hous hath bn such, an of such
sort, that y b not mt or apt to srv [any] man un r th gr
of a king; thrfor I woul wish you to srv no man but th king,
who I am sur will not rjct you. Thrfor I sir you to tak your
plasurs for a month, an thn y may com again unto m, an I trust
by that tim, th king's majsty will xtn his clmncy upon m."
"Sir," quoth Mastr Cromwll, "thr is ivrs of ths your yomn,
that woul b gla to s thir frin s, but thy lack mony: thrfor
hr is ivrs of your chaplains who hav rciv at your han s grat
bnfics an high ignitis; lt thm thrfor now show thmslvs
unto you as thy ar boun by all humanity to o. I think thir
honsty an charity is not so sln r an voi of grac that thy woul
not s you lack whr thy may hlp to rfrsh you. An for my part,
although I hav not rciv of your grac's gift on pnny towar s th
incras of my yarly living, yt will I part with you this towar s
th ispatch of your srvants," an [thrwith] livr him fiv
poun s in gol . "An now lt us s what your chaplains will o. I
think thy will part with you much mor than I hav on, who b mor
abl to giv you a poun than I on pnny." "Go to, mastrs," quoth h
to th chaplains: in so much as som gav to him tn poun s, som tn
marks, som a hun r shillings, an so som mor an som lss, as at
that tim thir powrs i xtn ; whrby my lor rciv among thm
as much mony of thir librality as h gav to ach of his yomn a
quartr's wags, an boar wags for a month; an thy part own
into th hall, whr som trmin to go to thir frin s, an som
sai that thy woul not part from my lor until thy might s him
in bttr stat. My lor rturn into his chambr lamnting th
partur from his srvants, making his moan unto Mastr Cromwll, who
comfort him th bst h coul , an sir my lor to giv him lav
to go to Lon on, whr h woul ithr mak or mar or h cam again,
which was always his common saying. Thn aftr long communication with
my lor in scrt, h part an took his hors, an ro  to Lon on,
at whos parting I was by, whom h ba  farwll; an sai , "y shall
har shortly of m, an if I sp wll, I will not fail to b hr
again within ths two ays." An so I took my lav of him, an h
ro  forth on his journy. Sir Raf Sa lr, (now knight), was thn his
clrk, an ro  with him.
Aftr that my lor ha supp that night, an all mn gon to b ,
(bing All-hallown ay), it chanc so, about mi night, that on of
th portrs cam unto my chambr oor, an thr knock , an waking
m, I prciv who it was; [an ] ask him, "what h woul hav that
tim of th night?" "Sir," quoth th portr, "thr is a grat numbr
of horsmn at th gat, that woul com in, saying to m, that it is
Sir John Russll, an so it appars to m by his voic; what is your
plasur that I shoul o?" "Marry," quoth I, "go own again, an mak
a grat fir in your lo g, against I com to ry thm;" for it rain
all that night th sorst that it i all that yar bfor. Thn I
ros an put on my nightgown, an cam to th gats, an ask who was
thr. With that Mastr Russll spak, whom I knw by his voic, an
thn I caus th portr to opn th gats an lt thm all in, who
wr wt to th skin; siring Mastr Russll to go into th lo g to
th fir; an h show m that h was com from th king unto my lor
in mssag, with whom h rquir m to spak. "Sir," quoth I, "I trust
your nws b goo ?" "Ya, I promis you on my fi lity," quoth h,
"an so, I pray you, show him, I hav brought him such nws that will
plas him right wll." "Thn I will go," quoth I, "an wak him, an
caus him to ris." I wnt incontinnt to my lor 's chambr oor, an
wak my lor , who ask m, "what I woul hav?" "Sir," sai I, "to
show you that Sir John Russll is com from th king, who is sirous
to spak with you;" an thn h call up on of his grooms to lt m
in; an bing within I tol him "what a journy Sir John Russll ha
that night." "I pray Go ," quoth h, "all b for th bst." "Ys, sir,"
quoth I, "h show m, an so ba  m tll you, that h ha brought
you such nws as y woul gratly rjoic thrat." "Wll, thn," quoth
h, "Go b prais , an wlcom b his grac! Go y an ftch him unto
m, an by that tim I will b ra y to talk with him."
Thn I rturn from him to th lo g, an brought Mastr Russll from
thnc to my lor , who ha cast on his nightgown. An whn Mastr
Russll was com into his prsnc, h most humbly rvrnc him,
upon his kn, [to] whom my lor bow own, an took him up, an ba 
him wlcom. "Sir," quoth h, "th king commn th him unto you;" an
livr him a grat ring of gol with a Turkis, for a tokn; "an
willth you to b of goo chr; who lovth you as wll as vr h i ,
an is not a littl isquit for your troubls, whos min is full
of your rmmbranc. In so much as his grac, bfor h sat to suppr,
call m unto him, an comman  m to tak this journy scrtly to
visit you, to your comfort th bst of my powr. An Sir, if it plas
your grac, I hav ha this night th sorst journy, for so littl a
way, that vr I ha to my rmmbranc."
My lor thank him for his pains an goo nws, an man  of him
if h ha supp ; an h sai "Nay." "Wll, thn," quoth my lor to
m, "caus th cooks to provi  som mat for him; an caus a chambr
with a goo fir to b ma  ra y for him, that h may tak his rst
awhil upon a b ." All which comman mnt I fulfill ; an in th
mantim my lor an Mastr Russll wr in vry scrt communication;
an in fin, Mastr Russll wnt to his chambr, taking his lav of
my lor for all night, an sai , "h woul not tarry but a whil, for
h woul , Go willing, b at th court at Grnwich again bfor ay,
for h woul not for any thing that it wr known, his bing with my
lor that night." An so bing in his chambr, having a small rpast,
rst him a whil upon a b , whilst his srvants supp an ri
thmslvs by th fir; an thn incontinnt h ro  away with sp
to th court. An shortly aftr his bing thr, my lor was rstor
again unto plnty of houshol stuff, vssls, an plat, an of all
things ncssary som part, so that h was in iffrntly furnish much
bttr than h was of lat, an yt not so abun antly as th king's
plasur was, th fault whrof was in th officrs, an in such as
ha th ovrsight of th livry throf; an yt my lor rjoic in
that littl in comparison to that h ha bfor.
Now lt us rturn again to Mastr Cromwll, to s how h hath sp ,
sinc his partur last from my lor . Th cas stoo so, that thr
shoul bgin, shortly aftr All-hallown ti , th Parliamnt, an [h],
bing within Lon on, vis with himslf to b on of th Burgsss
of th Parliamnt, an chanc to mt with on Sir Thomas Rush,
knight, a spcial frin of his, whos son was appoint to b on of
th Burgsss of that Parliamnt, of whom h obtain his room, an
by that mans put his foot into th Parliamnt Hous: thn within two
or thr ays aftr his ntry into th Parliamnt, h cam unto my
lor , to Ashr, with a much plasantr countnanc than h ha at his
partur, an mting with m bfor h cam to my lor , sai unto
m, "that h ha onc a vntur to put in his foot, whr h trust
shortly to b bttr rgar  , or all wr on." An whn h was com
to my lor , thy talk togthr in scrt mannr; an that on, h
ro  out of han again that night to Lon on, bcaus h woul not b
absnt from th Parliamnt th nxt morning. Thr coul nothing b
spokn against my lor in th Parliamnt Hous but h woul answr
it incontinnt, or ls tak until th nxt ay, against which tim
h woul rsort to my lor to know what answr h shoul mak in his
bhalf; in so much that thr was no mattr allg against my lor but
that h was vr ra y furnish with a sufficint answr; so that at
lngth, for his honst bhaviour in his mastr's caus, h grw into
such stimation in vry man's opinion, that h was stm to b th
most faithfullst srvant to his mastr of all othr, whrin h was of
all mn gratly commn  .
Thn was thr brought in a Bill of Articls into th Parliamnt Hous
to hav my lor con mn of trason; against which bill Mastr
Cromwll invigh so iscrtly, with such witty prsuasions an p
rasons, that th sam bill coul tak thr no ffct[163]. Thn
wr his nmis compll to in it him in a _prmunir_, an all
was on only to th intnt to ntitl th king to all his goo s an
possssions, th which h ha gathr togthr, an purchas for
his collgs in Oxfor an Ipswich, an for th maintnanc of th
sam, which was thn abuil ing in most sumptuous wis. Whrin whn
h was man  by th ju gs, which wr snt [to] him purposly to
xamin him what answr h woul mak to th sam, h sai : "Th king's
highnss knowth right wll whthr I hav offn  his majsty an his
laws or no, in using of my prrogativ lgatin, for th which y hav
m in it . Notwithstan ing I hav th king's licns in my coffrs,
un r his han an broa sal, for xrcising an using th authority
throf, in th largst wis, within his highnss' ominions, th which
rmainth now in th han s of my nmis. Thrfor, bcaus I will not
stan in qustion or trial with th king in his own caus, I am contnt
hr of min own frank will an min , in your prsnc, to confss th
offnc in th in itmnt, an put m wholly in th mrcy an grac
of th king, having no oubt in his go ly isposition an charitabl
conscinc, whom I know hath an high iscrtion to consi r th truth,
an my humbl submission an ob inc. An although I might justly
stan on th trial with him thrin; yt I am contnt to submit myslf
to his clmncy, an thus much y may say to him in my bhalf, that I
am ntirly in his ob inc, an o intn , Go willing, to oby an
fulfil all his princly plasur in vry thing that h will comman m
to o; whos will an plasur I nvr yt isoby or rpugn , but
was always contnt an gla to accomplish his sir an comman mnt
bfor Go , whom I ought most rathst to [hav] oby ; th which
nglignc now gratly rpntth m. Notwithstan ing, I most hartily
rquir you, to hav m most humbly to his royal majsty commn  , for
whom I o an will pray for th prsrvation of his royal prson, long
to rign in honour, prosprity, an quitnss, an to hav th victory
ovr his mortal an cankr nmis." An thy took thir lav of him
an part .
Shortly aftr th king snt th Duk of Norfolk unto him in mssag;
but what it was I am not crtain. But my Lor bing a vrtis that th
 uk was coming vn at han , h caus all his gntlmn to wait upon
him own through th Hall into th Bas Court, to rciv th uk at
th ntry of th gats; an comman  all his yomn to stan still in
th Hall in or r. An h an his gntlmn wnt to th gats, whr h
ncountr with my Lor of Norfolk, whom h rciv barha  ; who
mbrac ach othr: an so l him by th arm through th Hall into
his chambr. An as th uk pass through th Hall, at th uppr n
throf h turn again his visag own th Hall, rgar ing th numbr
of th tall yomn that stoo in or r thr, an sai : "Sirs," quoth
h, "your ilignt an faithful srvic unto my lor hr your mastr,
in this tim of his calamity, hath purchas for yourslvs of all
nobl mn much honsty; in so much as th king comman  m to say to
you in his grac's nam, that, for your tru an loving srvic that
y hav on to your mastr, his highnss will s you all furnish
at all tims with srvics accor ing to your mrits." With that my
Lor Car inal put off his cap, an sai to my Lor of Norfolk; "Sir,"
quoth h, "ths mn b all approv mn: whrfor it wr pity thy
shoul want othr srvic or living; an bing sorry that I am not abl
to o for thm as my hart oth wish, o thrfor rquir you, my goo
lor , to b goo lor unto thm, an xtn your goo wor for thm,
whn y shall s opportunity at any tim hraftr; an that y will
prfr thir ilignt an faithful srvic to th king." "Doubt y not
throf," quoth my Lor of Norfolk, "but I will o for thm th bst of
my powr: an whn I shall s caus, I will b an arnst suitor for
thm to th king; an som of you I will rtain myslf in srvic for
your honsty's sak. An as y hav bgun, so continu an rmain hr
still with my lor until y har mor of th king's plasur:--Go 's
blssing an min b with you!" An so wnt up into th grat chambr
to innr, whom my Lor Car inal thank , an sai unto him, "Yt, my
lor , of all othr nobl mn, I hav most caus to thank you for your
nobl hart an gntl natur, which y hav show m bhin my back,
as my srvant, Thomas Cromwll, hath ma  rport unto m. But vn as
y ar a nobl man in  , so hav y show yourslf no lss to all
mn in calamity, an in spcial to m, an vn as y hav abat my
glory an high stat, an brought it full low, so hav y xtn 
your honourabl favour most charitably unto m, bing prostrat bfor
you. Forsooth, Sir, y o right wll srv to bar in your arms th
nobl an gntl lion, whos natural inclination is, that whn h hath
vanquish any bast, an sth him yil  , lying prostrat bfor him
at his ft, thn will h show most clmncy unto his vanquish , an
o him no mor harm, n suffr any othr vouring bast to amag him:
whos natur an quality y o nsu; thrfor ths vrss may b
appli to your lor ship:
_Parcr prostratis scit nobilis ira lonis:
Ta quoqu fac simil, quisquis rgnabis in orbm._"
With that th watr was brought thm to wash bfor innr, to th
which my lor call my Lor of Norfolk to wash with him: but h
rfus of courtsy, an sir to hav him xcus , an sai "that
it bcam him not to prsum to wash with him any mor now, than it
i bfor[164] in his glory." "Ys, forsooth," quoth my Lor Car inal,
"for my authority an ignity lgatin is gon, whrin consist
all my high honour." "A straw," quoth my Lor of Norfolk, "for your
lgacy. I nvr stm your honour th mor or highr for that. But
I rgar  your honour, for that y wr Archbishop of York, an a
car inal, whos stat of honour surmountth any uk now bing within
this ralm; an so will I honour you, an acknowl g th sam, an
bar you rvrnc accor ingly. Thrfor, I bsch you, contnt
yourslf, for I will not prsum to wash with you; an thrfor I pray
you, hol m xcus ." Thn was my Lor Car inal constrain to wash
alon; an my Lor of Norfolk all alon also. Whn h ha on, my Lor
Car inal woul fain hav ha him to sit own on th chair, in th
innr si  of th tabl, but surly h rfus th sam also with much
humblnss. Thn was thr st anothr chair for my Lor of Norfolk,
ovr against my Lor Car inal, on th outsi  of th tabl, th which
was by my Lor of Norfolk bas somthing bnath my lor , an uring
th innr all thir communication was of th ilignt srvic of th
gntlmn which rmain with my lor thr attn ing upon him at
innr, an how much th king an all othr nobl mn oth stm thm
with worthy commn ations for so oing; an at this tim how littl
thy b stm in th court that ar com to th king's srvic, an
[hav] forsakn thir mastr in his ncssity; whrof som h blam
by nam. An with this communication, th innr bing n  , thy ros
from th tabl, an wnt togthr into my lor 's b chambr, whr thy
continu in consultation a crtain sason. An bing thr, it chanc
Mastr Shlly, th ju g, to com thithr, snt from th king; whrof
rlation was ma  to my lor , which caus th uk an him to brak up
thir communication; an th uk sir to go into som chambr to
rpos him for a sason. An as h was coming out of my lor 's chambr,
h mt with Mastr Shlly, to whom Mastr Shlly ma  rlation of th
caus of his coming, an sir th uk to tarry an to assist him
in oing of his mssag; whom h ni an sai , "I hav nothing to
o with your mssag, whrin I will not m l;" an so part into
a chambr, whr h took his rst for an hour or two. An in th man
tim my lor issu out of his chambr, an cam to Mastr Shlly to
know his mssag. Who clar unto him, aftr u salutation, that th
king's plasur was to hav his hous at Wstminstr, (thn call York
Plac, blonging to th Bishoprick of York,) intn ing to mak of that
hous a palac royal; an to possss th sam accor ing to th laws
of this his grac's ralm. His highnss hath thrfor snt for all
th ju gs, an for all his larn counsl, to know thir opinions in
th assuranc throf; in whos trminations it was fully rsolv ,
that your grac shoul rcognis, bfor a ju g, th right throf
to b in th king an his succssors; an so his highnss shall b
assur throf. Whrfor it hath plas his majsty to appoint m
by his comman mnt to com hithr, to tak of you this rcognisanc,
who hath in you such affianc, that y will not rfus so to o
accor ingly. Thrfor I shall sir your grac to know your goo will
thrin."--"Mastr Shlly," quoth my lor , "I know that th king of
his own natur is of a royal stomach, an yt not willing mor than
justic shall la him unto by th law. An thrfor, I counsl you,
an all othr fathrs of th law an larn mn of his counsl, to put
no mor into his ha than th law may stan with goo conscinc; for
whn y tll him, this is th law, it wr wll on y shoul tll
him also that, although _this_ b th law, yt _this_ is conscinc;
for law without conscinc is not goo to b givn unto a king in
counsl to us for a lawful right, but always to hav a rspct to
conscinc, bfor th rigour of th common law, for _laus st facr
quo ct, non quo lict_. Th king ought of his royal ignity an
prrogativ to mitigat th rigour of th law, whr conscinc hath
th most forc; thrfor, in his royal plac of qual justic, h hath
constitut a chancllor, an officr to xcut justic with clmncy,
whr conscinc is oppos by th rigour of th law. An thrfor th
Court of Chancry hath bn hrtofor commonly call th Court of
Conscinc; bcaus it hath juris iction to comman th high ministrs
of th common law to spar xcution an ju gmnt, whr conscinc
hath most ffct. Thrfor I say to you in this cas, although you,
an othr of your profssion, prciv by your larning that th king
may, by an or r of your laws, lawfully o that thing which y man
of m; how say you, Mastr Shlly, may I o it with justic an
conscinc, to giv that thing away from m an my succssors which is
non of min? If this b law, with conscinc, show m your opinion,
I pray you." "Forsooth, my lor ," quoth h, "thr is som conscinc
in this cas; but having rgar to th king's high powr, an to b
mploy to a bttr us an purpos, it may th bttr b suffr
with conscinc; who is sufficint to mak rcompns to th church of
York with oubl th valu." "That I know wll," quoth my lor , "but
hr is no such con ition nithr promis nor agr , but only a bar
an simpl partur with anothr's right for vr. An if vry bishop
may o th lik, thn might vry prlat giv away th patrimony of
thir churchs which is non of thirs; an so in procss of tim
lav nothing for thir succssors to maintain thir ignitis, which,
all things consi r , shoul b but small to th king's honour. Sir,
I o not intn to stan in trms with you in this mattr, but lt
m s your commission." To whom Mastr Shlly show th sam, an
that sn, an prciv by him, sai again thus: "Mastr Shlly,"
quoth h, "y shall mak rport to th king's highnss, that I am
his ob int subjct, an faithful chaplain an ba man, whos royal
comman mnt an rqust I will in no wis isoby, but most gla ly
fulfil an accomplish his princly will an plasur in all things,
an in spcial in this mattr, in as much as y, th fathrs of th
laws, say that I may lawfully o it. Thrfor I charg your conscinc
an ischarg min. Howbit, I pray you, show his majsty from m,
that I most humbly sir his highnss to call to his most gracious
rmmbranc, that thr is both havn an hll." An thrwith th
clrk was call , who wrot my lor 's rcognisanc[165], an aftr som
scrt talk Mastr Shlly part . Thn ros my Lor of Norfolk from
his rpos, an aftr som communication with my lor h part .
Thus continu my lor at Ashr, who rciv aily mssags from th
court, whrof som wr not so goo as som wr ba , but yt much
mor vil than goo . For his nmis, prciving th grat affction
that th king bar always towar s him, vis a man to isquit an
isturb his patinc; thinking thrby to giv him an occasion to frt
an chaf, that ath shoul rathr nsu than incras of halth or
lif, th which thy most sir . Thy far him mor aftr his fall
than thy i bfor in his prosprity, oubting much his r-a option
into authority, by rason that th king's favour rmain still towar s
him in such forc, whrby thy might rathr b in angr of thir
stats, than in any assuranc, for thir crulty ministr , by thir
malicious invntions, surmis an brought to pass against him.
Thrfor thy took this or r among thm in thir mattrs, that
aily thy woul sn him somthing, or o somthing against him,
whrin thy thought that thy might giv him a caus of havinss or
lamntation. As som ay thy woul caus th king to sn for four or
fiv of his gntlmn from him to srv th king: an som othr ay
thy woul lay mattrs nwly invnt against him. Anothr ay thy
woul tak from him som of his promotions; or of thir promotions whom
h [ha ] prfrr bfor. Thn woul thy ftch from him som of his
yomn; in so much as th king took into srvic sixtn of thm at
onc, an at on tim put thm into his guar . This or r of lif h
l continually; that thr was no on ay but, or vr h wnt to b ,
h ha an occasion gratly to chaf or frt th hart out of his blly,
but that h was a wis man, an bar all thir malic in patinc[166].
At Christmas h fll sor sick, that h was likly to i. Whrof
th king bing a vrtis , was vry sorry thrfor, an snt Doctor
Butts, his grac's physician, unto him, to s in what stat h
was. Doctor Butts cam unto him, an fin ing him vry sick lying in
his b ; an prciving th angr h was in rpair again unto th
king. Of whom th king man  , saying, "How oth yon r man, hav
you sn him?" "Ya, sir," quoth h. "How o you lik him?" quoth th
king. "Forsooth, sir," quoth h, "if you will hav him a , I warrant
your grac h will b a within ths four ays, if h rciv no
comfort from you shortly, an Mistrss Ann." "Marry," quoth th king,
"Go forbi that h shoul i. I pray you, goo Mastr Butts, go
again unto him, an o your cur upon him; for I woul not los him
for twnty thousan poun s." "Thn must your grac," quoth Mastr
Butts, "sn him first som comfortabl mssag, as shortly as is
possibl." "Evn so will I," quoth th king, "by you. An thrfor
mak sp to him again, an y shall livr him from m this ring for
a tokn of our goo will an favour towar s him, (in th which ring was
ngrav th king's visag within a ruby, as livly countrfit as was
possibl to b vis ). This ring h knowth vry wll; for h gav
m th sam; an tll him, that I am not offn  with him in my hart
nothing at all, an that shall h prciv, an Go sn him lif, vry
shortly. Thrfor bi him b of goo chr, an pluck up his hart,
an tak no spair. An I charg you com not from him, until y hav
brought him out of all angr of ath." An thn spak h to Mistrss
Ann, saying, "Goo swthart, I pray you at this my instanc, as y
lov us, to sn th car inal a tokn with comfortabl wor s; an in
so oing y shall o us a loving plasur." Sh bing not min  to
isoby th king's arnst rqust, whatsovr sh intn  in hr
hart towar s th car inal; took incontinnt hr tablt of gol hanging
at hr gir l, an livr it to Mastr Butts, with vry gntl an
comfortabl wor s an commn ations to th car inal. An thus Mastr
Butts part , an ma  sp y rturn to Ashr, to my Lor Car inal;
aftr whom th king snt Doctor Clmnt, Doctor Wotton, an Doctor
Cromr th Scot, to consult an assist Mastr Butts for my lor 's
halth.
Aftr that Mastr Butts ha bn with my lor , an livr
th king's an Mistrss Ann's tokns unto him, with th most
comfortabl wor s h coul vis on thir bhalf, whrat h
rjoic not a littl, a vancing him a littl in his b , an rciv
thir tokns most joyfully, thanking Mastr Butts for his comfortabl
nws an pains. Mastr Butts show him furthrmor, that th king's
plasur was, that h shoul ministr unto him for his halth: an to
join with him for th bttr an most assur an brif ways, to b
ha for th sam, hath snt Doctor Wotton, Doctor Clmnt, an Doctor
Cromr, to join with him in counsl an ministration. "Thrfor,
my lor ," quoth h, "it wr wll on that thy shoul b call
in to visit your prson an stat, whrin I woul b gla to har
thir opinions, trusting in Almighty Go that, through his grac an
assistanc, w shall as you of your pains, an ri you clan from
your isas an infirmity. Whrwith my lor was wll plas an
contnt to har thir ju gmnts; for in  h trust mor to th
Scottish octor than h i to any of th othr, bcaus h was th
vry occasion that h inhabit hr in Englan , an bfor h gav
him partly his xhibition in Paris. Thn whn thy wr com into
his chambr, an ha talk with him, h took upon him to bat his
isas larn ly among thm, so that thy might un rstan that h was
sn in that art. Aftr thy ha takn or r for ministration, it was
not long or thy brought him out of all angr an far of ath; an
within four ays thy st him on his ft, an got him a goo stomach
to his mat[167]. This on, an h in a goo stat of amn mnt,
thy took thir lav to part, to whom my lor offr his rwar ;
th which thy rfus , saying, that th king gav thm in spcial
comman mnt, to tak nothing of him for thir pains an ministration;
for at thir rturn his highnss sai that h woul rwar thm of his
own costs: an thus with grat thanks thy part from my lor , whom
thy lft in goo stat of rcovry.
[Illustration: _Etch by I. Harris, Jun._
D^R. BUTTS SENT BY THE KING TO THE SICK CARDINAL WITH TOKENS OF FAVOUR.
_From a M.S. in th Collction of Francis Douc Esq^r. F.S.A._
_Publish by Har ing, Triphook, & Lpar . 1824._]
Aftr this tim my lor aily amn  , an so continu still at Ashr
until Can lmas; against which fast, th king caus to b snt him
thr or four cart loa s of stuff, an most part throf was lock in
grat stan ar s, (xcpt b s an kitchn-stuff,) whrin was both
plat an rich hangings, an chapl-stuff[168]. Thn my lor , bing
thus furnish , was thrwith wll contnt ; although thy whom th
king assign i not livr him so goo , n so rich stuff, as th
king's plasur was, yt was h joyous throf, an rn r most
humbl thanks to th king, an to thm that appoint th sai stuff
for him, saying to us his srvants, at th opning of th sam stuff in
th stan ar s, th which w thought, an sai , might hav bn bttr
appoint if it ha plas thm that appoint it: "Nay, sirs," quoth
my lor to us, "h that hath nothing is gla of somwhat, though it
b nvr so littl, an although it b not in comparison half so much
an goo as w ha bfor, yt w rjoic mor of this littl than w
i of th grat abun anc that w thn ha ; an thank th king vry
much for th sam, trusting aftr this to hav much mor. Thrfor lt
us all rjoic, an b gla , that Go an th king hath so graciously
rmmbr to rstor us to som things to maintain our stat lik a
nobl prson."
Thn comman  h Mastr Cromwll, bing with him, to mak suit to th
king's majsty, that h might rmov thnc to som othr plac, for
h was wary of that hous of Ashr: for with continual us throf
th hous wax unsavoury; supposing that if h might rmov from
thnc h shoul much soonr rcovr his halth. An also th council
ha put into th king's ha , that th nw gallry at Ashr, which my
lor ha lat bfor his fall nwly st up, shoul b vry ncssary
for th king, to tak own an st it up again at Wstminstr; which
was on accor ingly, an stan s at this prsnt ay thr[169]. Th
taking away throf bfor my lor 's fac was to him a corrosiv,
which was invnt by his nmis only to tormnt him, th which
in  iscourag him vry sor to tarry any longr thr. Now Mastr
Cromwll thought it but vain an much folly to mov any of th king's
council to assist an prfr his suit to th king, among whom rst
th numbr of his mortal nmis, for thy woul rathr hin r his
rmoving, or ls rmov him farthr from th king, than to hav holpn
him to any plac nigh th king's common tra ; whrfor h rfus
any suit to thm, an ma  only suit to th king's own prson; whos
suit th king graciously har , an thought it vry convnint to b
grant ; an through th spcial motion of Mastr Cromwll, th king
was wll contnt that h shoul rmov to Richmon , which plac my
lor ha a littl bfor rpair to his grat cost an charg; for th
king ha ma  an xchang throf with him for Hampton Court. All this
his rmoving was on without th knowl g of th king's council, for
if thy might hav ha any intllignc throf bfor, thn woul thy
hav prsua  th king to th contrary: but whn thy wr a vrtis
of th king's grant an plasur, thy issimul thir countnancs
in th king's prsnc, for thy wr gratly afrai of him, lst his
nigh bing, th king might at lngth som on tim rsort to him, an
so call him hom again, consi ring th grat affction an lov that
th king aily show towar s him; whrfor thy oubt his rising
again, if thy foun not a man to rmov him shortly from th king.
In so much that thy thought it convnint for thir purpos to inform
th king upon crtain consi rations which thy invnt , that it
wr vry ncssary that my lor shoul go own into th North unto
his bnfic of York, whr h shoul b a goo stay for th country;
to th which th king, supposing that thy ha mant no lss than
goo faith, grant an con scn  to thir suggstions; which wr
forc so with won rful imagin consi rations, that th king,
un rstan ing nothing of thir intnt, was lightly prsua  to th
sam. Whrupon th Duk of Norfolk comman  Mastr Cromwll, who
ha aily accss unto him, to say to my lor , that it is th king's
plasur that h shoul with sp go to his bnfic, whr lith his
cur, an look to that accor ing to his uty. Mastr Cromwll at his
nxt rpair to my lor , who lay thn at Richmon , clar unto him
what my Lor of Norfolk sai , how it was trmin that h shoul go
to his bnfic. "Wll thn, Thomas," quoth my lor , "sing thr is
no othr rm y, I o intn to go to my bnfic of Winchstr, an
I pray you, Thomas, so show my Lor of Norfolk." "Contnt , sir,"
quoth Mastr Cromwll, an accor ing to his comman mnt i so. To th
which my Lor of Norfolk answr an sai , "What will h o thr?"
"Nay," quoth h, "lt him go into his provinc of York, whrof h
hath rciv his honour, an thr lith th spiritual bur n an
charg of his conscinc, as h ought to o, an so show him." Th
lor s, who wr not all his frin s, having intllignc of his intnt,
thought to with raw his apptit from Winchstr, an woul in no wis
prmit him to plant himslf so nigh th king: [thy] mov thrfor
th king to giv my lor but a pnsion[170] out of Winchstr, an to
istribut all th rst among th nobility an othr of his worthy
srvants; an in likwis to o th sam with th rvnus of St.
Albans; an of th rvnus of his collgs in Oxfor an Ipswich, th
which th king took into his own han s; whrof Mastr Cromwll ha th
rcipt an govrnmnt bfor by my lor 's assignmnt. In consi ration
throf it was thought most convnint that h shoul hav so still.
Notwithstan ing, out of th rvnus of Winchstr an St. Albans th
king gav to som on noblman thr hun r marks, an to som a
hun r poun s, an to som mor an to som lss, accor ing to th
king's royal plasur. Now Mastr Cromwll xcut his offic, th
which h ha ovr th lan s of th collg, so justly an xactly that
h was ha in grat stimation for his witty bhaviour thrin, an
also for th tru, faithful, an ilignt srvic xtn  towar s my
lor his mastr.
It cam at lngth so to pass that thos to whom th king's majsty ha
givn any annuitis or fs for trm of lif by patnt out of th
fornam rvnus coul not b goo , but [only] uring my lor 's lif,
forasmuch as th king ha no longr stat or titl thrin[171], which
cam to him by rason of my lor 's attain r in th prmunir; an to
mak thir stats goo an sufficint accor ing to thir patnts, it
was thought ncssary to hav my lor 's confirmation unto thir grants.
An this to b brought about, thr was no othr man but to mak suit
to Mastr Cromwll to obtain thir confirmation at my lor 's han s,
whom thy thought might bst obtain th sam.
Thn bgan both noblmn an othr who ha any patnts of th king,
out ithr of Winchstr or St. Albans, to mak arnst suit to Mastr
Cromwll for to solicit thir causs to my lor , to gt of him his
confirmations; an for his pains thrin sustain , thy promis
vry man, not only worthily to rwar him, but also to show him such
plasurs as shoul at all tims li in thir svral powrs, whrof
thy assur him. Whrin Mastr Cromwll prciving an occasion an
a tim givn him to work for himslf, an to bring th thing to pass
which h long wish for; intn  to work so in this mattr, to srv
thir sirs, that h might th soonr bring his own ntrpris to
purpos.
Thn at his nxt rsort to my lor , h mov him privily in this mattr
to hav his counsl an his a vic, an so by thir witty ha s it
was vis that thy shoul work togthr by on lin, to bring by
thir policis Mastr Cromwll in plac an stat, whr h might o
himslf goo an my lor much profit. Now bgan mattrs to work to
bring Mastr Cromwll into stimation in such sort as was aftrwar s
much to his incras of ignity; an thus vry man, having an occasion
to su for my lor 's confirmation, ma  now arnst travail to Mastr
Cromwll for ths purposs, who rfus non to mak promis that h
woul o his bst in that cas. An having a grat occasion of accss
to th king for th isposition of ivrs lan s, whrof h ha th
or r an govrnanc; by mans whrof, an by his witty manour,
h grw continually into th king's favour, as y shall har aftr in
this history. But first lt us rsort to th grat businss about th
assuranc of all ths patnts which th king hath givn to ivrs
noblmn an othr of his srvants, whrin Mastr Cromwll ma  a
continuanc of grat suit to my lor for th sam, that in procss of
tim h srv all thir turns so that thy ha thir purposs, an h
thir goo wills. Thus ros his nam an frin ly accptanc with all
mn. Th fam of his honsty an wis om soun  so in th king's ars
that, by rason of his accss to th king, h prciv to b in him no
lss wis om than fam ha ma  of him rport, forasmuch as h ha th
govrnmnt an rcipts of thos lan s which I show you bfor; an
th confrnc that h ha with th king thrin nforc th king to
rput him a vry wis man, an a mt instrumnt to srv his grac,
as it aftr cam to pass.
Sir, now th lor s thought long to rmov my lor farthr from th
king, an out of his common tra ; whrfor among othr of th lor s,
my Lor of Norfolk sai to Mastr Cromwll, "Sir," quoth h, "m
thinkth that th car inal your mastr makth no hast northwar ; show
him, that if h go not away shortly, I will, rathr than h shoul
tarry still, tar him with my tth. Thrfor I woul a vis him
to prpar him away as shortly as h can, or ls h shall b snt
forwar ." Ths wor s Mastr Cromwll rport to my lor at his nxt
rpair unto him, who thn ha a just occasion to rsort to him for th
ispatch of th noblmn's an othrs' patnts. An hr I will lav
of this mattr, an show you of my lor 's bing at Richmon .
My lor , having licns of th king to rpair an rmov to Richmon ,
ma  hast to prpar him thithrwar ; an so h cam an lo g
within th grat park thr, which was a vry prtty hous an a nat,
lacking no ncssary rooms that to so small a hous was convnint an
ncssary; whr was to th sam a vry propr gar n garnish with
ivrs plasant walks an allys: my lor continu in this lo g from
th tim that h cam thithr, shortly aftr Can lmas, until it was
Lnt, with a privy numbr of srvants, bcaus of th smallnss of th
hous, an th rst of his family wnt to boar wags.
I will tll you a crtain tal by th way of communication. Sir, as
my lor was accustom towar s night to walk in th gar n thr,
to say his srvic, it was my chanc thn to wait upon him thr;
an stan ing still in an ally, whilst h in anothr walk with his
chaplain, saying of his srvic; as I stoo , I spi crtain imags
of basts countrfit in timbr, stan ing in a cornr un r th lo g
wall, to th which I rpair to bhol . Among whom I saw thr a un
cow, whron I mus most, bcaus it sm m to b th most livly
ntayll [172] among all th rst. My lor bing, as I sai , walking
on th othr si  of th gar n, prciv m, cam su nly upon m
at my back, unawars, [an ] sai : "What hav you spi hr, that
you so attntivly look upon?" "Forsooth, if it plas your grac,"
quoth I, "hr I o bhol ths ntayll imags; th which I suppos
wr or ain for to b st up within som plac about th king's
palac: howbit, sir, among thm all, I hav most consi r th un
cow, [in] th which (as it smth m) th workman has most aprtly
show his cunning." "Ya, marry, sir," quoth my lor , "upon this
un cow pn th a crtain prophcy, th which I will show you, for
pra vntur y nvr har of it bfor. Thr is a saying," quoth h,
"that
"Whn this cow ri th th bull,
Thn, prist, bwar thy scull."
[Of] which prophcy nithr my lor that clar it, n I that har
it, un rstoo th ffct; although that vn thn it was a-working to
b brought to pass. For this cow th king gav as on of his basts
apprtaining of antiquity unto his arl om of Richmon , which was his
ancint inhritanc; this prophcy was aftr xpoun  in this wis.
This un cow, bcaus it was th king's bast, btokn th king;
an th bull btokn Mistrss Ann Bolyn, which was aftr qun,
bcaus that hr fathr, Sir Thomas Bolyn, gav th sam bast in
his cognisanc. So that whn th king ha marri hr, th which was
thn unknown to my lor , or to any othr at that tim, thn was this
prophcy thought of all mn to b fulfill . For what a numbr of
prists, both rligious an scular, lost thir ha s for offn ing
of such laws as wr thn ma  to bring this [marriag] to ffct, is
not unknown to all th worl . Thrfor it was ju g of all mn that
this prophcy was thn fulfill whn th king an sh wr join in
marriag. Now, how ark an obscur ri ls an prophcis b, you may
bhol in this sam: for bfor it was brought to pass thr was not
th wisst prophsir coul prfctly iscuss it, as it is now com
to ffct an purpos. Trust thrfor, by min a vic, to no kin of
ark ri ls an prophcis, whrin y may, as many hav bn, b
civ , an brought to struction. An many tims th imaginations
an travailous businss to avoi such ark an strang prophcis, hath
bn th vry occasion to bring th sam th soonr to ffct an
prfction. Thrfor lt mn bwar to ivin or assur thmslvs
to xpoun any such prophcis, for who so oth shall first civ
thmslvs, an , scon ly, bring many into rror; th xprinc hath
bn latly xprinc , th mor pity. But if mn will n s think
thmslvs so wis, to b assur of such blin prophcis, an will
work thir wills thrin, ithr in avoi ing or in fulfilling th
sam, Go sn him wll to sp , for h may as wll, an much mor
soonr, tak amag than avoi th angr throf! Lt prophcis
alon, a Go 's nam, apply your vocation, an commit th xposition
of such ark ri ls an obscur prophcis to Go , that isposth
thm as his ivin plasur shall s caus to altr an chang all
your ntrpriss an imaginations to nothing, an civ all your
xpctations, an caus you to rpnt your grat folly, th which whn
y fl th smart, will yourslf confss th sam to b both grat
folly an much mor ma nss to trust in any such fantasis. Lt Go
thrfor ispos thm, who govrnth an punishth accor ing to man's
srts, an not to all mn's ju gmnts.

You hav har hrbfor what wor s th Duk of Norfolk ha to Mastr
Cromwll touching my lor 's going to th North to his bnfic of York,
at such tim as Mastr Cromwll clar th sam to my lor , to whom
my lor answr in this wis: "Marry, Thomas," quoth h, "thn it is
tim to b going, if my Lor of Norfolk tak it so. Thrfor I pray
you go to th king an mov his highnss in my bhalf, an say that
I woul , with all my hart, go to my bnfic at York, but for want
of mony; siring his grac to assist m with som mony towar s my
journy. For y may say that th last mony that I rciv of his
majsty hath bn too littl to pay my bts, compll by his counsl
so to o; thrfor to constrain m to th paymnt throf, an his
highnss having all my goo s, hath bn too much xtrmity; whrin I
trust his grac will hav a charitabl rspct. Y may say also to my
Lor of Norfolk, an othr of th council, that I woul part if I ha
mony." "Sir," quoth Mastr Cromwll, "I will o my bst." An aftr
othr communication h part again, an wnt to Lon on.
My lor thn in th bginning of Lnt [rmov ] out of th Lo g into
th Chartrhous of Richmon , whr h lay in a lo ging, which Doctor
Collt, somtim Dan of Paul's, ha ma  for himslf, until h rmov
northwar , which was in th Passion Wk aftr; an h ha to th
sam hous a scrt gallry, which wnt out of his chambr into th
Chartrhous church, whithr h rsort vry ay to thir srvic;
an at aftrnoons h woul sit in contmplation with on or othr of
th most ancint fathrs of that hous in his cll, who among thm by
thir counsl prsua  him from th vain glory of this worl , an gav
him ivrs shirts of hair, th which h oftn wor aftrwar , whrof
I am crtain. An thus h continu for th tim of his abo  thr in
go ly contmplation.
Now whn Mastr Cromwll cam to th court, h chanc to mov my Lor
of Norfolk that my lor woul gla ly part northwar but for lack of
mony, whrin h sir his assistanc to th king. Thn wnt thy
both jointly to th king, to whom my Lor of Norfolk clar how my
lor woul gla ly part northwar , if h want not mony to bring
him thithr; th king thrupon rfrr th assignmnt throf to th
council, whrupon thy wr in ivrs opinions. Som sai h shoul
hav non, for h ha sufficint of lat livr him; som woul
h shoul hav sufficint an nough; an som contrariwis woul h
shoul hav but a small sum; an som thought it much against th
council's honour, an much mor against th king's high ignity to s
him want th maintnanc of his stat which th king ha givn him in
this ralm; an [who] also hath bn in such stimation with th king,
an in grat authority un r him; it shoul b rathr a grat slan r
in forign ralms to th king an his whol council, to s him want
that latly ha so much, an now so littl. "Thrfor, rathr than h
shoul lack," quoth on among thm, "(although h nvr i m goo or
any plasur), yt woul I lay my plat to gag for him for a thousan
poun s, rathr than h shoul part so simply as som woul hav him
for to o. Lt us o to him as w woul b on unto; consi ring his
small offnc, an his instimabl substanc that h only hath part
withal th sam, for satisfying of th king's plasur, rathr than
h woul stan in fnc with th king in fn ing of his cas, as
h might justly hav on, as y all know. Lt not malic cloak this
mattr whrby that justic an mrcy may tak no plac; y hav all
your plasurs fulfill which y hav long sir , an now suffr
conscinc to ministr unto him som librality; th ay may com
that som of us may b in th sam cas, y hav such altrations in
prsons, as wll assur as y suppos yourslvs to b, an to stan
upon as sur a groun , an what hangth ovr our ha s w know not; I
can say no mor: now o as y list." Thn aftr all this thy bgan
again to consult in this mattr, an aftr long bating an rasoning
about th sam, it was conclu  , that h shoul hav by th way of
prst[173], a thousan marks out of Winchstr Bishoprick, bforhan
of his pnsion, which th king ha grant him out of th sam, for th
king ha rsum th whol rvnus of th Bishoprick of Winchstr
into his own han s; yt th king out of th sam ha grant ivrs
grat pnsions unto ivrs noblmn an unto othr of his council; so
that I o suppos, all things accompt , his part was th last. So
that, whn this trmination was fully conclu  , thy clar th
sam to th king, who straightway [comman  ] th sai thousan marks
to b livr out of han to Mastr Cromwll; an so it was. Th
king, calling Mastr Cromwll to him scrtly, ba  him to rsort to
him again whn h ha rciv th sai sum of mony. An accor ing to
th sam comman mnt h rpair again to th king; to whom th king
sai : "Show my lor your mastr, although our council hath not assign
any sufficint sum of mony to bar his chargs, yt y shall show him
in my bhalf, that I will sn him a thousan poun , of my bnvolnc;
an tll him that h shall not lack, an bi him b of goo chr."
Mastr Cromwll upon his kns most humbly thank th king on my
lor 's bhalf, for his grat bnvolnc an nobl hart towar s
my lor : "thos comfortabl wor s of your grac," quoth h, "shall
rjoic him mor than thr tims th valu of your nobl rwar ."
An thrwith part from th king an cam to my lor irctly
to Richmon ; to whom h livr th mony, an show him all th
argumnts in th council, which y hav har bfor, with th progrss
of th sam; an of what mony it was, an whrof it was lvi , which
th council snt him; an of th mony which th king snt him, an
of his comfortabl wor s; whrof my lor rjoic not a littl, an
[was] gratly comfort . An aftr th rcipt of this mony my lor
consult with Mastr Cromwll about his partur, an of his journy,
with th or r throf.
Thn my lor prpar all things with sp for his journy into th
North, an snt to Lon on for livry cloths for his srvants that
shoul ri  with him thithr. Som h rfus , such as h thought wr
not mt to srv; an som again of thir own min sir him of his
favour to tarry still hr in th south, bing vry loath to aban on
thir nativ country, thir parnts, wivs, an chil rn, [whom] h
most gla ly licns with goo will an favour, an rn r unto thm
his harty thanks for thir painful srvic an long tarrianc with
him in his troublsom cay an ovrthrow. So that now all things
bing furnish towar s this journy, h took th sam in th bginning
of th Passion Wk, bfor Eastr; an so ro  to a plac, thn th
abbot's of Wstminstr, call Hn on; an th nxt ay h rmov to a
plac call th Ry; whr my La y Parry lay; th nxt ay h ro  to
Royston, an lo g in th monastry thr; an th nxt h rmov to
Hunting on, an thr lo g in th Abby; an from thnc h rmov
to Ptrborough, an thr lo g also within th Abby, bing thn
Palm Sun ay, whr h ma  his abo  until th Thurs ay in Eastr wk,
with all his train[174]; whrof th most part wnt to boar wags in
th town, having twlv carts to carry his stuff of his own, which cam
from his collg in Oxfor , whr h ha thr scor carts to carry
such ncssaris as blong to his buil ings thr. Upon Palm Sun ay
h wnt in procssion, with th monks, baring his palm; stting forth
Go 's srvic right honourably, with such singing mn as h thn ha
rmaining with him. An upon Maun y Thurs ay h ma  his Maun y in our
La y's Chapl, having fifty-nin[175] poor mn, whos ft h wash ,
wip , an kiss ; ach of ths poor mn ha twlv pnc in mony,
thr lls of canvass to mak thm shirts, a pair of nw shos, a
cast of bra , thr r hrrings, an thr whit hrrings, an th
o prson ha two shillings. Upon Eastr Day in th morning h ro 
to th rsurrction[176], an that ay h wnt in procssion in his
car inal's vstur, with his hat an hoo on his ha , an h himslf
sang thr th high mass vry voutly; an grant clan rmission to
all th harrs[177]; an thr continu [h] all th holi ays.
My lor continuing at Ptrborough aftr this mannr, intn ing to
rmov from thnc, snt m to Sir William Fitzwilliams, a knight,
which wlt within thr or four mils of Ptrborough, to provi  him
thr a lo ging until Mon ay nxt following, on his journy northwar .
An bing with him, to whom I clar my lor 's rqust, an h
bing throf vry gla , rjoic not a littl that it woul plas
my lor to visit his hous in his way; saying, that h shoul b most
hartilist wlcom of any man aliv, th king's majsty xcpt ; an
that h shoul not n to ischarg th carriag of any of his stuff
for his own us uring th tim of his bing thr; but hav all things
furnish ra y against his coming to occupy, his own b xcpt .
Thus upon my rport ma  to my lor at my rturn, h rjoic of my
mssag, comman ing m thrin to giv warning to all his officrs
an srvants to prpar thmslvs to rmov from Ptrborough upon
Thurs ay nxt. Thn vry man ma  all things in such ra inss as was
convnint, paying in th town for all things as thy ha takn of any
prson for thir own us, for which caus my lor caus a proclamation
to b ma  in th town, that if any prson or prsons in th town
or country thr wr offn  or griv against any of my lor 's
srvants, that thy shoul rsort to my lor 's officrs, of whom thy
shoul hav r rss, an truly answr as th cas justly rquir .
So that, all things bing furnish , my lor took his journy from
Ptrborough upon th Thurs ay in Eastr wk, to Mastr Fitzwilliams,
whr h was joyously rciv , an ha right worthy an honourabl
ntrtainmnt at th only charg an xpns of th sai Mastr
Fitzwilliams, all [th] tim of his bing thr[178].
Th occasion that mov Mastr Fitzwilliams thus to rjoic of my
lor 's bing in his hous was, that h somtim bing a mrchant of
Lon on an shriff thr, fll in bat with th city of Lon on
upon a gru g btwn th al rmn of th bnch an him, upon a nw
corporation that h woul rct of a nw mystry call Mrchant
Taylors, contrary to th opinion of ivrs of th bnch of al rmn
of th city, which caus him to giv an surrn r his cloak, an
part from Lon on, an inhabit within th country; an against
th malic of all th sai al rmn an othr rulrs in th commonwal
of th city, my lor fn  him, an rtain him into srvic, whom
h ma  first his trasurr of his hous, an thn aftr his high
chambrlain; an in conclusion, for his wis om, gravity, port, an
loqunc, bing a gntlman of a comly statur, ma  him on of th
king's counsl: an [h] so continu all his lif aftrwar . Thrfor
in consi ration of all ths gratitu s rciv at my lor 's han s,
as wll in his troubl as in his prfrmnt, was most gla st lik a
faithful frin of goo rmmbranc to rquit him with th smblabl
gratuity, an right joys that h ha any occasion to ministr som
plasur, such as lay thn in his powr to o.
Thus my lor continu thr until th Mon ay nxt; whr lack
no goo chr of costly vian s, both of win an othr goo ly
ntrtainmnt; so that upon th sai Mon ay my lor part from
thnc unto Stamfor ; whr h lay all that night. An th nxt ay
h rmov from thnc unto Grantham, an was lo g in a gntlman's
hous, call Mastr Hall. An th nxt ay h ro  to Nwark, an
lo g in th castl all that night; th nxt ay h ro  to Southwll,
a plac of my lor 's within thr or four mils of Nwark, whr h
intn  to continu all that summr, as h i aftr.
Hr I must clar to you a notabl tal of communication which was
on at Mastr Fitzwilliams bfor his partur from thnc, btwn
[my lor ] an m, th which was this: Sir, my lor bing in th
gar n at Mastr Fitzwilliams, walking, saying of his vnsong with
his chaplain, I bing thr giving attn anc upon him, his vnsong
finish , [h] comman  his chaplain that bar up th train of his
gown whilst h walk , to livr m th sam, an to go asi  whn h
ha on; an aftr th chaplain was gon a goo istanc, h sai unto
m in this wis, "Y hav bn lat at Lon on," quoth h; "Forsooth,
my lor ," quoth I, "not sinc that I was thr to buy your livris
for your srvants." "An what nws was thr thn," quoth h; "har
you no communication thr of m? I pray you tll m." Thn prciving
that I ha a goo occasion to talk my min plainly unto him, [I] sai ,
"Sir, if it plas your grac, it was my chanc to b at a innr in
a crtain plac within th city, whr I, among ivrs othr honst
an worshipful gntlmn happ to sit, which wr for th most part
of my ol familiar acquaintanc, whrfor thy wr th mor bol r
to ntr in communication with m, un rstan ing that I was still your
grac's srvant; [thy] ask m a qustion, which I coul not wll
assoil thm." "What was that?" quoth my lor . "Forsooth, sir," quoth I,
"first thy ask m how y i , an how y accpt your a vrsity,
an troubl, an th loss of your goo s; to th which I answr , that
you wr in halth (thanks b to Go ), an took all things in goo
part; an so it sm m, that thy wr all your in iffrnt frin s
lamnting your cay, an loss of your room an goo s, oubting much
that th squl throf coul not b goo in th commonwalth. For
oftn changing of such officrs which b fat f , into th han s of
such as b lan an hungry for richs, [thy] will sur travail by
all mans to gt abun anc, an so th poor commons b pillag an
xtort for gr y lucr of richs an trasur: thy sai that y
wr full f , an intn  now much to th a vancmnt of th king's
honour an th commonwalth. Also thy marvll much that y, bing
of so xcllnt a wit an high iscrtion, woul so simply confss
yourslf guilty in th prmunir, whrin y might full wll hav stoo
in th trial of your cas. For thy un rstoo , by th rport of som
of th king's larn counsl, that your cas wll consi r , y ha
grat wrong: to th which I coul mak, as m thought, no sufficint
answr, but sai , "That I oubt not your so oing was upon som gratr
consi ration than my wit coul un rstan ." "Is this," quoth h,
"th opinion of wis mn?" "Ya, forsooth, my lor ," quoth I, "an
almost of all othr mn." "Wll, thn," quoth h, "I s that thir
wis oms prciv not th groun of th mattr that mov m so to o.
For I consi r , that my nmis ha brought th mattr so to pass
against m, an convy it so, that thy ma  it th king's cas, an
caus th king to tak th mattr into his own han s an quarrl, an
aftr that h ha upon th occasion throf siz all my goo s an
possssions into his mayns, an thn th quarrl to b his, rathr
than yil , or tak a foil in th law, an thrby rstor to m all
my goo s again, h woul soonr (by th procurmnt of my nmis an
vil willrs) imagin my uttr un oing an struction; whrof th
most as thrin ha bn for m prptual imprisonmnt. An rathr
than I woul jopar so far, or put my lif in any such hazar , yt ha
I most lifst to yil an confss th mattr, committing th sol
sum throf, as I i , unto th king's clmncy an mrcy, an liv
at larg, lik a poor vicar, than to li in prison with all th goo s
an honours that I ha . An thrfor it was th most bst way for m,
all things consi r , to o as I hav on, than to stan in trial
with th king, for h woul hav bn loath to hav bn not a wrong
or, an in my submission, th king, I oubt not, ha a grat rmors
of conscinc, whrin h woul rathr pity m than malign m. An
also thr was a continual srpntin nmy about th king that woul ,
I am wll assur , if I ha bn foun stiff nck , [hav] call
continually upon th king in his ar (I man th night-crow) with
such a vhmncy that I shoul with th hlp of hr assistanc [hav]
obtain soonr th king's in ignation than his lawful favour: an his
favour onc lost (which I trust at this prsnt I hav) woul nvr
hav bn by m rcovr . Thrfor I thought it bttr for m to kp
still his loving favour, with loss of my goo s an ignitis, than
to win my goo s an substanc with th loss of his lov an princly
favour, which is but only ath: _Quia in ignatio principis mors st_.
An this was th spcial groun an caus that I yil  myslf guilty
in th _prmunir_; which I prciv all mn knw not, whrin sinc I
un rstan th king hath conciv a crtain prick of conscinc; who
took to himslf th mattr mor grivous in his scrt stomach than all
mn knw, for h knw whthr I i offn him thrin so grivously
as it was ma  or no, to whos conscinc I o commit my caus, truth,
an quity." An thus w lft th substanc of all this communication;
although w ha much mor talk: yt is this sufficint to caus you to
un rstan as wll th caus of his confssion in his offnc, as also
th caus of th loss of all his goo s an trasur.
Now lt us rturn whr w lft, my lor bing in th castl of Nwark,
intn ing to ri  to Southwll, which was four mils from thnc, took
now his journy thithrwar against suppr. Whr h was fain for lack
of rparation of th bishop's plac, which apprtain to th s of
York, to b lo g in a prbn ary's hous against th sai plac, an
thr kpt hous until Whitsunti  nxt, against which tim h rmov
into th plac, nwly amn  an rpair , an thr continu th
most part of th summr, surly not without grat rsort of th most
worshipfullst gntlmn of th country, an ivrs othr, of whom thy
wr most gla ly ntrtain , an ha of him th bst chr h coul
vis for thm, whos gntl an familiar bhaviour with thm caus
him to b gratly blov an stm through th whol country.
H kpt a nobl hous, an plnty of both mat an rink for all
comrs, both for rich an poor, an much alms givn at his gats. H
us much charity an pity among his poor tnants an othr; although
th fam throf was no plasant soun in th ars of his nmis, an
of such as bar him no goo will, howbit th common popl will rport
as thy fin caus; for h was much mor familiar among all prsons
than h was accustom , an most gla st whn h ha an occasion to
o thm goo . H ma  many agrmnts an concor s btwn gntlman
an gntlman, an btwn som gntlmn an thir wivs that ha
bn long asun r, an in grat troubl, an ivrs othr agrmnts
btwn othr prsons; making grat assmblis for th sam purpos,
an fasting of thm, not sparing for any costs, whr h might mak a
pac an amity; which purchas him much lov[179] an frin ship in
th country.
It chanc that upon Corpus Christi v, aftr suppr, [my lor ]
comman  m to prpar all things for him in a ra inss against th
nxt ay, for h intn  to sing high mass in th minstr that ay;
an I, not forgtting his comman mnts, gav lik warning to all his
officrs of his hous, an othr of my fllows, to fors that all
things apprtaining to thir rooms wr fully furnish to my lor 's
honour. This on I wnt to my b , whr I was scantly aslp an
warm, but that on of th portrs cam to my chambr oor, calling
upon m, an sai , thr was two gntlmn at th gat that woul
gla ly spak with my lor from th king. With that I aros up an wnt
incontinnt unto th gat with th portr, man ing what thy wr
that so fain [woul ] com in. Thy sai unto m, that thr was Mastr
Brrton, on of th gntlmn of th king's privy chambr, an Mastr
Wrothrly, who wr com from th king mpost, to spak with my lor .
Thn having un rstan ing what thy wr, I caus th portr to lt
thm in. An aftr thir ntry thy sir m to spak with my lor
without lay, for thy might not tarry; at whos rqust I rpair to
my lor 's chambr, an wak him, who was aslp. But whn h har m
spak, h man  of m what I woul hav. "Sir," quoth I, "thr b
bnath in th portr's lo g, Mastr Brrton, gntlman of th king's
privy chambr, an Mastr Wrothrly, com from th king to spak with
you: thy will not tarry; thrfor thy bsch your grac to spak
with you out of han ." "Wll thn," quoth my lor , "bi thm com up
into my ining chambr, an I will prpar myslf to com to thm."
Thn I rsort to thm again, an show thm that my lor sir
thm to com up unto him, an h woul talk with thm, with a right
goo will. Thy thank m, an wnt with m unto my lor , an as soon
as thy prciv him, bing in his night apparl, i to him humbl
rvrnc; whom h took by th han s, man ing of thm, how th king
his sovrign lor i . "Sir," sai thy, "right wll in halth an
mrry, thanks b unto our Lor ." "Sir," quoth thy, "w must sir
you to talk with you apart." "With a right goo will," quoth my lor ,
who rw thm asi  into a grat win ow, an thr talk with thm
scrtly; an aftr long talk thy took out of a mal a crtain coffr
covr with grn vlvt, an boun with bars of silvr an gilt, with
a lock of th sam, having a ky which was gilt, with th which thy
opn th sam chst; out of th which thy took a crtain instrumnt
or writing, containing mor than on skin of parchmnt, having many
grat sals hanging at it, whrunto thy put mor wax for my lor 's
sal; th which my lor sal with his own sal, an subscrib his
nam to th sam; an that on thy woul n s part, an (forasmuch
as it was aftr mi night) my lor sir thm to tarry, an tak a
b . Thy thank him, an sai thy might in no wis tarry, for thy
woul with all sp to th Earl of Shrwsbury's irctly without lt,
bcaus thy woul b thr or vr h stirr in th morning. An
my lor , prciving thir hasty sp , caus thm to at such col
mat as thr was in stor within th hous, an to rink a cup or
two of win. An that on, h gav ach of thm four ol sovrigns
of gol , siring thm to tak it _in gr_, saying, that if h ha
bn of gratr ability, thir rwar shoul hav bn bttr; an so
taking thir lav thy part . An aftr thy wr part , as I
har say, thy wr not contnt with thir rwar . In  thy wr
not non of his in iffrnt frin s, which caus thm to accpt it
so is ainously. Howbit, if thy knw what littl stor of mony h
ha at that prsnt, thy woul I am sur, bing but his in iffrnt
frin s, hav givn him harty thanks: but nothing is mor lost or cast
away than is such things which b givn to such ingrat prsons. My
lor wnt again to b ; an yt, all his watch an isturbanc that h
ha that night notwithstan ing, h sang High Mass th nxt ay as h
appoint bfor. Thr was non in all his hous [bsi s myslf an
th portr] that knw of th coming or going of ths two gntlmn;
an yt thr lay within th hous many worshipful strangrs.
Aftr this sort an mannr my lor continu at Southwll, until th
lattr n of gras tim; at which tim h intn  to rmov to
Scroby, which was anothr hous of th Bishoprick of York. An against
th ay of his rmoving, h caus all his officrs to prpar, as wll
for provision to b ma  for him thr, as also for carriag of his
stuff, an othr mattrs concrning his stat. His rmoving an intnt
was not so scrt, but that it was known abroa in [th] country;
which was lamntabl to all his nighbours about Southwll, an as it
was lamntabl unto thm, so was it as much joy to his nighbours about
Scroby.
Against th ay of his rmoving ivrs knights an othr gntlmn of
worship in th country cam to him to Southwll, intn ing to accompany
an attn upon him in that journy th nxt ay, an to con uct
him through th forst unto Scroby. But h bing of thir purpos
a vrtis , how thy i intn to hav lo g a grat stag or twain
for him by th way, purposly to show him all th plasur an isport
thy coul vis, an having, as I sai , throf intllignc, was
vry loath to rciv any such honour an isport at thir han s, not
knowing how th king woul tak it; an bing wll assur that his
nmis woul rjoic much to un rstan that h woul tak upon him
any such prsumption, whrby thy might fin an occasion to inform th
king how sumptuous an plasant h was, notwithstan ing his a vrsity
an ovrthrow, an so to bring th king into a wrong opinion [of him,
an caus ] small hop of rconcilmnt, but rathr that h sought
a man to obtain th favour of th country to withstan th king's
proc ings, with ivrs such imaginations, whrin h might rathr
soonr catch isplasur than favour an honour. An also h was loath
to mak th worshipful gntlmn privy to this his imagination, lst
pra vntur thy shoul conciv som toy or fantasy in thir ha s
by mans throf, an so to schw thir accustom accss, an absnt
thmslvs from him, which shoul b as much to his grif as th othr
was to his comfort. Thrfor h vis this man way, as hraftr
followth, which shoul rathr b takn for a laughing isport than
othrwis: first h call m unto him scrtly at night, going to his
rst, an comman  m in anywis most scrtly that night to caus
six or svn horss, bsi s his mul for his own prson, to b ma 
ra y by th brak of th ay for him an such prsons as h appoint
to ri  with him to an abby call Wlbck[180], whr h intn  to
lo g by th way to Scroby, willing m to b also in a ra inss to
ri  with him, an to call him so arly that h might b on horsback,
aftr h ha har mass, by th braking of th ay. Sir, what will you
mor? All things bing accomplish accor ing to his comman mnt, an
th sam finish an on, h, with a small numbr bfor appoint ,
mount upon his mul, stting forth by th braking of th ay towar s
Wlbck, which is about sixtn mils from thnc; whithr my lor an
w cam bfor six of th clock in th morning, an so wnt straight
to his b , laving all th gntlmn strangrs in thir b s at
Southwll, nothing privy of my lor 's scrt partur, who xpct
his uprising until it was ight of th clock. But aftr it was known
to thm an to all th rst thr rmaining bhin him, thn vry man
wnt to horsback, galloping aftr, supposing to ovrtak him. But
h was at his rst in Wlbck or vr thy ros out of thir b s in
Southwll, an so thir chif hunting an coursing of th grat stag
was isappoint an ash . But at thir thithr rsort to my lor ,
sitting at innr, th mattr was jst , an laugh out mrrily, an
all th mattr wll takn.
My lor th nxt ay rmov from thnc, to whom rsort ivrs
gntlmn of my lor th Earl of Shrwsbury's srvants, to sir my
lor , in thir mastr's nam, to hunt in a park of th arl's call
Worksop Park, th which was within a mil of Wlbck, an th vry
bst an nxt[181] way for my lor to travl through on his journy,
whr much plnty of gam was lai in a ra inss to show him plasur.
Howbit h thank my lor thir mastr for his gntlnss, an thm
for thir pains; saying that h was no mt man for any such pastim,
bing a man othrwis ispos , such pastims an plasurs wr mt
for such noblmn as light thrin. Nvrthlss h coul o no
lss than to account my Lor of Shrwsbury to b much his frin , in
whom h foun such gntlnss an noblnss in his honourabl offr,
to whom h rn r his most lowly thanks. But in no wis thy coul
ntrat him to hunt. Although th worshipful gntlmn bing in his
company provok him all that thy coul o thrto, yt h woul not
consnt, siring thm to b contnt ; saying, that h cam not into
th country, to frqunt or follow any such plasurs or pastims, but
only to attn to a gratr car that h ha in han , which was his
uty, stu y, an plasur. An with such rasons an prsuasions h
pacifi thm for that tim. Howbit yt as h ro  through th park,
both my Lor of Shrwsbury's srvants, an also th forsai gntlmn
mov him onc again, bfor whom th r lay vry fair for all
plasant hunting an coursing. But it woul not b; but [h] ma  as
much sp to ri  through th park as h coul . An at th issu out
of th park h call th arl's gntlmn an th kprs unto him,
siring thm to hav him commn  to my lor thir mastr, thanking
him for his most honourabl offr an goo will, trusting shortly to
visit him at his own hous: an gav th kprs forty shillings for
thir pains an ilignc who con uct him through th park. An so
ro  to anothr abby call Ruffor Abby [to innr]; an aftr h
ro  to Blyth Abby, whr h lay all night. An th nxt ay h cam
to Scroby, whr h continu until aftr Michalmas, ministring many
 s of charity. Most commonly vry Sun ay (if th wathr i srv)
h woul travl unto som parish church thrabout, an thr woul say
his ivin srvic, an ithr har or say mass himslf, causing som
on of his chaplains to prach unto th popl. An that on, h woul
in in som honst hous of that town, whr shoul b istribut to
th poor a grat alms, as wll of mat an rink as of mony to supply
th want of sufficint mat, if th numbr of th poor i so xc
of ncssity. An thus with othr goo  s practising an xrcising
uring his abo  thr at Scroby, as making of lov- ays an agrmnts
btwn party an party, bing thn at varianc, h aily frqunt
himslf thr about such businss an  s of honst charity.
Thn about th fast of St. Michal nxt nsuing my lor took his
journy towar s Cawoo Castl, th which is within svn mils of
York; an passing thithr h lay two nights an a ay at St. Oswal 's
Abby, whr h himslf confirm chil rn in th church, from ight of
th clock in th morning until twlv of th clock at noon. An making
a short innr, rsort again to th church at on of th clock, an
thr bgan again to confirm mor chil rn until four of th clock,
whr h was at th last constrain for warinss to sit own in a
chair, th numbr of th chil rn was such. That on, h sai his vn
song, an thn wnt to suppr, an rst him thr all that night. An
th nxt morning h appli himslf to part towar s Cawoo ; an or
vr h part , h confirm almost a hun r chil rn mor; an thn
ro  on his journy. An by th way thr wr assmbl at a ston
cross stan ing upon a grn, within a quartr of a mil of Frrybri g,
about th numbr of two hun r chil rn, to confirm; whr h
alight , an nvr rmov his foot until h ha confirm thm all;
an thn took his mul again an ro  to Cawoo , whr h lay long
aftr with much honour an lov of th country, both of th worshipful
an of th simpl, xrcising himslf in goo  s of charity, an
kpt thr an honourabl an plntiful hous for all comrs; an also
built an rpair th castl, which was thn gratly cay , having
a grat multitu  of artificrs an labourrs, abov th numbr of
thr hun r prsons, aily in wags.
An lying thr, h ha intllignc by th gntlmn of th country,
that us to rpair unto him, that thr was sprung a grat varianc
an a ly hat btwn Sir Richar Tmpst an Mr. Brian Hastings,
thn bing but a squir, but aftr ma  knight, btwn whom was
lik to nsu grat mur r, unlss som goo man might b foun to
r rss th inconvninc that was most liklist to nsu. My lor
bing throf a vrtis , lamnting th cas, ma  such mans by his
wis om an lttrs, with othr prsuasions, that ths two gntlmn
wr contnt to rsort to my lor to Cawoo , an thr to abi  his
or r, high an low. Thn was thr a ay appoint of thir assmbly
bfor my lor , at which ay thy cam not without grat numbr on
ach part. Whrfor against [that] ay, my lor ha rquir many
worshipful gntlmn to b thr prsnt, to assist him with thir
wis oms to appas ths two worthy gntlmn, bing at a ly fu .
An to s th king's pac kpt, comman ing no mor of thir numbr
to ntr into th castl with ths two gntlmn than six prsons
of ach of thir mnial srvants, an all th rst to rmain without
in th town, or whr thy list to rpair. An my lor himslf
issuing out of th gats, calling th numbr of both partis bfor
him, straightly charging thm most arnstly to obsrv an kp th
king's pac, in th king's nam, upon thir prils, without ithr
bragging or quarrling ithr with othr; an caus thm to hav
both br an win snt thm into th town; an thn rturn again
into th castl, bing about nin of th clock. An bcaus h woul
hav ths gntlmn to in with him at his own tabl, thought it
goo in avoi ing of furthr inconvninc to appas thir rancour
bfor. Whrupon h call thm into his chapl; an thr, with
th assistanc of th othr gntlmn, h fll into communication
with th mattr, claring unto thm th angrs an mischifs that
through thir wilfulnss an folly wr most liklist to nsu; with
ivrs othr goo xhortations. Notwithstan ing, th partis laying
an allging many things for thir fnc, somtim a ing ach to
othr stout an spitful wor s of fianc, th which my lor an
th othr gntlmn ha much a o to qualify, thir malic was so
grat. Howbit, at lngth, with long continuanc an wis argumnts,
an p prsuasions ma  by my lor , thy wr agr , an finally
accor  about four of th clock at aftrnoon; an so ma  thm
frin s. An , as it sm , thy both rjoic , an wr right wll
contnt thrwith, to th grat comfort of all th othr worshipful
gntlmn, causing thm to shak han s, an to go arm in arm to innr;
an so wnt to innr, though it was vry lat to in[182], yt
notwithstan ing thy in togthr with th othr gntlmn at my
lor 's tabl, whr thy rank lovingly ach to othr, with countnanc
of grat amity. Aftr innr my lor caus thm to ischarg thir
routs an assmbly that rmain in th town, an to rtain with thm
no mor srvants than thy wr accustom most commonly to ri  with.
An that on, ths gntlmn, fulfilling his comman mnt, tarri
at Cawoo , an lay thr all night; whom my lor ntrtain in such
sort that thy accpt his nobl hart in grat worthinss [an
frin ship,] trusting to hav of him a spcial jwl in thir country:
having him in grat stimation an favour, as it appar aftrwar by
thir bhaviour an manour towar s him.
It is not to b oubt but that th worshipful prsons, as octors
an prbn aris of th clos of York, woul an i rsort unto him
accor ing to thir utis, as unto thir fathr an patron of thir
spiritual ignitis bing at his first coming into th country, thir
church of York bing within svn mils. Whrfor y shall un rstan
that Doctor Hick n, an of th church of York[183], with th
trasurr, an ivrs othr ha officrs of th sam rpair to my
lor , wlcoming him most joyously into th country; saying, that it was
to thm no small comfort to s him among thm, as thir chif ha ,
which hath bn so long absnt from thm, bing all that whil lik
fathrlss chil rn comfortlss, trusting shortly to s him among thm
in his own church. "It is," quoth h, "th spcial caus of all my
travl into this country, not only to b among you for a tim, but also
to spn my lif with you as a vry fathr, an as a mutual brothr." "Sir,
thn," quoth thy, "y must un rstan that th or inary ruls of our
church hath bn of an ancint custom, whrof although y b ha an
chif govrnor, yt b y not so wll acquaint with thm as w b.
Thrfor, w shall un r th supportation of your grac, clar som
part throf to you, as wll of our ancint customs as of th laws
an usag of th sam. Thrfor y shall un rstan that whr y o
intn to rpair unto us, th ol law an custom of our church hath
bn, that th archbishop bing our chif ha an pastor, as your
grac now b, might n ought not to com abov th choir oor, nor hav
any stall in th choir, until h by u or r wr thr stall . For,
if y shoul happn to i bfor your stallation, y shall not b
buri abov in th choir, but in th bo y of th sam church bnath.
Thrfor w shall, _una voc_, rquir your grac in th nam of all
othr our brthrn, that y woul vouchsaf to o hrin as your nobl
pr cssors an honourabl fathrs hath on; an that y will not
infring or violat any of our lau abl or inancs an constitutions of
our church, to th obsrvanc an prsrvation whrof w b oblig ,
by virtu of an oath at our first a mittanc, to s thm obsrv an
fulfill to th uttrmost of our powrs, with ivrs othr mattrs
rmaining of rcor in our trasury hous among othr things." "Thos
rcor s," quoth my lor , "woul I gla ly s; an ths sn an
igst , I shall thn show you furthr of my min ." An thus of this
mattr thy cas communication, an pass forth in othr mattrs; so
that my lor assign thm a ay to bring in thir rcor s. At which
ay thy brought with thm thir rgistr book of rcor s, whrin
was writtn thir constitutions an ancint ruls, whrunto all th
fathrs an ministrs of th church of York wr most chifly boun ,
both to s it on an prform , an also to prform an obsrv th
sam thmslvs. An whn my lor ha sn, ra , an consi r th
ffct of thir rcor s, an bat with thm substantially thrin,
h trmin to b stall thr in th Minstr th nxt Mon ay aftr
Allhallown ay. Against which ay thr was ma  ncssary prparation
for th furnitur throf, but not in so sumptuous a wis as his
pr cssors i bfor him; n yt in such a sort as th common fam
was blown abroa of him to his grat slan r, an to th rportrs much
mor ishonsty, to forg such lis an blasphmous rports, whrin
thr is nothing mor untru. Th truth whrof I prfctly know, for
I was ma  privy to th sam, an snt to York to fors all things,
[an ] to prpar accor ing for th sam, which shoul hav bn much
mor man an bas than all othr of his pr cssors hrtofor hath
on.
It cam so to pass, that upon Allhallown ay, on of th ha officrs
of th church, which shoul , by virtu of his offic, hav most
oings in this stallation, [was] to in with my lor at Cawoo ; an
sitting at innr thy fll in communication of th or r of his
stallation, who sai to my lor that h ought to go upon cloth from
St. Jams's chapl (stan ing without th gats of th city of York)
unto th minstr, th which shoul b istribut among th poor. My
lor , haring this, ma  answr to th sam in this wis. "Although,"
quoth h, "that our pr cssors wnt upon cloth right sumptuously,
w o intn , Go willing, to go afoot from thnc without any such
glory[184], in th vamps of our hosn. For I tak Go to b my vry
ju g that I prsum not to go thithr for any triumph or vain glory,
but only to fulfil th obsrvanc an ruls of th church, to th
which, as y say, I am boun . An thrfor I shall sir you all
to hol you contnt with my simplicity, an also I comman all my
srvants to go as humbly without any othr sumptuous apparl than thy
b constantly us , an that is comly an cnt to war[185]. For I
o assur you, I o intn to com to York upon Sun ay at night, an
lo g thr in th an's hous, an upon Mon ay to b stall ; an
thr to mak a innr for you of th clos, an for othr worshipful
gntlmn that shall chanc to com to m at that tim; an th nxt
ay to in with th mayor, an so rturn hom again to Cawoo that
night, an thus to finish th sam, whrby I may at all tims rsort
to York Minstr without othr scrupulosity or offnc to any of you."
This ay coul not b unknown to all th country, but that som must
n s hav knowl g throf, whrby that notic was givn unto th
gntlmn of th country, an thy bing throf as wll a vrtis
as abbots, priors, an othrs, of th ay of this solmnization, snt
in such provision of ainty victuals that it is almost incr ibl;
whrfor I omit to clar unto you th crtainty throf. As of
grat an fat bvs an muttons, wil fowl, an vnison, both r an
fallow, an ivrs othr ainty mats, such as th tim of th yar
i srv, sufficint to furnish a grat an a sumptuous fast, all
which things wr unknown to my lor : forasmuch as h bing prvnt
an isappoint of his rasonabl purpos intnt, bcaus h was
arrst , as y shall har hraftr; so that th most part of this
provision was snt to York that sam ay that h was arrst , an
th nxt ay following; for his arrst was kpt as clos an scrt
from th country as it coul b, bcaus thy oubt th popl,
which ha him in grat lov an stimation for his accustom charity
an librality us aily among thm, with familiar gstur an
countnanc, which b th vry mans to allur th lov an harts of
th popl in th north parts.
Or vr I wa  any furthr in this mattr, I o intn to clar unto
you what chanc him bfor this his last troubl at Cawoo , as a sign
or tokn givn by Go what shoul follow of his n , or of troubl
which i shortly nsu, th squl whrof was of no man thn prsnt
ithr prm itat or imagin . Thrfor, for as much as it is a
notabl thing to b consi r , I will (Go willing) clar it as
truly as it chanc accor ing to my simpl rmmbranc, at th which I
myslf was prsnt.
My lor 's accustom nmis in th court about th king ha now my
lor in mor oubt than thy ha bfor his fall, consi ring th
continual favour that th king bar him, thought that at lngth th
king might call him hom again; an if h so i , thy suppos , that
h woul rathr imagin against thm than to rmit or forgt thir
crulty, which thy most unjustly imagin against him. Whrfor thy
compass in thir ha s that thy woul ithr by som mans ispatch
him by som sinistr accusation of trason, or to bring him into th
king's in ignation by som othr ways. This was thir aily imagination
an stu y, having as many spials, an as many ys to attn upon his
oings as th pots fign Argus to hav; so that h coul nithr
work or o any thing, but that his nmis ha knowl g throf
shortly aftr. Now at th last, thy spi a tim whrin thy caught
an occasion to bring thir purpos to pass, thinking thrby to hav
of him a grat a vantag; for th mattr bing onc isclos unto th
king, in such a vhmncy as thy purpos , thy thought th king woul
b mov against him with grat isplasur. An that by thm xcut
an on, th king, upon thir information, thought it goo that h
shoul com up to stan to his trial; which thy lik nothing at all;
notwithstan ing h was snt for aftr this sort. First, thy vis
that h shoul com up upon arrst in war , which thy knw right wll
woul so sor griv him that h might b th wakr to com into th
king's prsnc to mak answr. Whrfor thy snt Sir Waltr Walsh,
knight, on of th gntlmn of th king's privy chambr, own into th
country unto th Earl of Northumbrlan [186] (who was brought up in
my lor 's hous), an thy twain bing in commission jointly to arrst
my lor of hault trason. This conclusion fully rsolv , thy caus
Mastr Walsh to prpar himslf to this journy with this commission,
an crtain instructions annx to th sam; who ma  him ra y to
ri , an took his hors at th court gat about on of th clock at
noon, upon Allhallown ay, towar s th north. Now am I com to th
plac whr I will clar th thing that I promis you bfor of a
crtain tokn of my lor 's troubl; which was this.
My lor sitting at innr upon Allhallown ay, in Cawoo Castl,
having[187] at his boar 's n ivrs of his most worthist chaplains,
sitting at innr to kp him company, for lack of strangrs, y
shall un rstan , that my lor 's grat cross of silvr accustomably
stoo in th cornr, at th tabl's n , laning against th tappt
or hanging of th chambr. An whn th tabl's n was takn up, an
a convnint tim for thm to aris; in arising from th tabl, on
Doctor Augustin, physician, bing a Vntian born, having a boistrous
gown of black vlvt upon him, as h woul hav com out at th tabl's
n , his gown ovrthrw th cross that stoo thr in th cornr, an
th cross trailing own along th tappt, it chanc to fall upon
Doctor Bonnr's ha , who stoo among othrs by th tappt, making of
curtsy to my lor , an with on of th points of th cross raz his
ha a littl, that th bloo ran own. Th company stan ing thr wr
gratly astoni with th chanc. My lor sitting in his chair, looking
upon thm, prciving th chanc, man  of m bing nxt him, what
th mattr mant of thir su n abashmnt. I show him how th cross
fll upon Doctor Bonnr's ha . "Hath it," quoth h, " rawn any bloo ?"
"Ya forsooth, my lor ," quoth I, "as it smth m." With that h cast
own his ha , looking vry sobrly upon m a goo whil without any
wor spaking; at th last, quoth h, (shaking of his ha ) "_malum
omn_[188];" an thrwith sai grac, an ros from th tabl, an
wnt into his b chambr, thr lamnting, making his prayrs[189].
Now mark th signification, how my lor xpoun  this mattr unto m
aftrwar at Pomfrt Abby. First, y shall un rstan , that th cross,
which blong to th ignity of York, h un rstoo to b himslf; an
Augustin, that ovrthrw th cross, h un rstoo to b h that shoul
accus him, by mans whrof h shoul b ovrthrown. Th falling
upon Mastr Bonnr's ha , who was mastr of my lor 's facultis an
spiritual juris ictions, who was amnifi by th ovrthrowing of th
cross by th physician, an th rawing of bloo btokn ath,
which shortly aftr cam to pass; about th vry sam tim of th ay
of this mischanc, Mastr Walsh took his hors at th court gat, as
nigh as it coul b ju g . An thus my lor took it for a vry sign
or tokn of that which aftr nsu , if th circumstanc b qually
consi r an not , although no man was thr prsnt at that tim
that ha any knowl g of Mastr Walsh's coming own, or what shoul
follow. Whrfor, as it was suppos , that Go show him mor scrt
knowl g of his lattr ays an n of his troubl than all mn
suppos ; which appar right wll by ivrs talks that h ha with m
at ivrs tims of his last n . An now that I hav clar unto you
th ffct of this pro igy an sign, I will rturn again to my mattr.
Th tim rawing nigh of his stallation; sitting at innr, upon th
Fri ay nxt bfor Mon ay on th which h intn  to b stall at
York, th Earl of Northumbrlan an Mastr Walsh, with a grat
company of gntlmn, as wll of th arl's srvants as of th country,
which h ha gathr togthr to accompany him in th king's nam, not
knowing to what purpos or what intnt, cam into th hall at Cawoo ,
th officrs sitting at innr, an my lor not fully in , but bing
at his fruits, nothing knowing of th arl's bing in his hall. Th
first thing that th arl i , aftr h cam into th castl, [h]
comman  th portr to livr him th kys of th gats, who woul in
no wis livr him th kys, although h wr vry roughly comman 
in th king's nam, to livr thm to on of th arl's srvants.
Saying unto th arl, "Sir, y o intn to livr thm to on of
your srvants to kp thm an th gats, an to plant anothr in my
room; I know no caus why y shoul so o, an this I assur you that
you hav no on srvant, but that I am as abl to kp thm as h, to
what purpos sovr it b. An also, th kys wr livr m by my
lor my mastr, with a charg both by oath, an by othr prcpts an
comman mnts. Thrfor I bsch your lor ship to par on m, though
I rfus your comman mnt. For whatsovr y shall comman m to o
that blongth to my offic, I shall o it with a right goo will as
justly as any othr of your srvants." With that quoth th gntlmn
thr prsnt unto th arl, haring him spak so stoutly lik a man,
an with so goo rason: "Sir," quoth thy, "h is a goo fllow, an
spakth lik a faithful srvant to his mastr; an lik an honst
man: thrfor giv him your charg, an lt him kp still th gats;
who, w oubt not, will b ob int to your lor ship's comman mnt."
"Wll thn," quoth th arl, "hol him a book," an comman  him to
lay his han upon th book, whrat th portr ma  som oubt, but
bing prsua  by th gntlmn thr prsnt, was contnt , an lai
his han upon th book, to whom, quoth th arl, "Thou shalt swar,
to kp wll an truly ths gats to th king our sovrign lor 's
us, an to o all such things as w shall comman th in th king's
nam, bing his highnss' commissionrs, an as it shall sm to us at
all tims goo , as long as w shall b hr in this castl; an that
y shall not lt in nor out at ths gats, but such as y shall b
comman  by us, from tim to tim," an upon this oath h rciv th
kys at th arl's an Mastr Walsh's han s.
Of all ths oings knw my lor nothing; for thy stopp th stairs
that wnt up to my lor 's chambr whr h sat, so that no man coul
pass up again that was com own. At th last on of my lor 's
srvants chanc to look own into th hall at a loop that was upon
th stairs, an rturn to my lor , [an ] show him that my Lor of
Northumbrlan was in th hall; whrat my lor marvl , an woul
not bliv him at th first; but comman  a gntlman, bing his
gntlman ushr, to go own an bring him prfct wor . Who going own
th stairs, looking own at th loop, whr h saw th arl, who thn
rturn to my lor , an show him that it was vry h. "Thn," quoth
my lor , "I am sorry that w hav in , for I far that our officrs
b not stor of any plnty of goo fish, to mak him such honourabl
chr as to his stat is convnint, notwithstan ing h shall hav
such as w hav, with a right goo will an loving hart. Lt th tabl
b stan ing still, an w will go own an mt him, an bring him up;
an thn h shall s how far forth w b at our innr." With that
h put th tabl from him, an ros up; going own h ncountr th
arl upon th mi st of th stairs, coming up, with all his mn about
him. An as soon as my lor spi th arl, h put off his cap, an
sai to him, "My lor , y b most hartily wlcom; (an thrwith thy
mbrac ach othr). Although, my lor ," quoth h, "that I hav oftn
sir , an wish in my hart to s you in my hous, yt if y ha
lov m as I o you, y woul hav snt m wor bfor of your coming,
to th intnt that I might hav rciv you accor ing to your honour
an min. Notwithstan ing y shall hav such chr as I am abl to mak
you, with a right goo will; trusting that y will accpt th sam of
m as of your vry ol an loving frin , hoping hraftr to s you
oftnr, whn I shall b mor abl an bttr provi  to rciv you
with bttr far." An thn my lor took th Earl of Northumbrlan
by th han , an l him up into th chambr; whom follow all th
arl's srvants; whr th tabl stoo in th stat that my lor lft
it whn h ros, saying unto th arl, "Sir, now y may prciv how
far forth w wr at our innr." Thn my lor l th arl to th
fir, saying, "My lor , y shall go into my b chambr, whr is a
goo fir ma  for you, an thr y may shift your apparl until your
chambr b ma  ra y. Thrfor lt your mal b brought up: an or
vr I go, I pray you giv m lav to tak ths gntlmn, your
srvants, by th han s." An whn h ha takn thm all by th han s,
h rturn to th arl, an sai , "Ah, my lor , I prciv wll that
y hav obsrv my ol prcpts an instructions which I gav you,
whn you wr abi ing with m in your youth, which was, to chrish your
fathr's ol srvants, whrof I s hr prsnt with you a grat
numbr. Surly, my lor , y o thrin vry wll an nobly, an lik
a wis gntlman. For ths b thy that will not only srv an lov
you, but thy will also liv an i with you, an b tru an faithful
srvants to you, an gla to s you prospr in honour; th which I
bsch Go to sn you, with long lif." This sai , h took th arl
by th han , an l him into his b chambr. An thy bing thr all
alon, sav only I, that kpt th oor, accor ing to my uty, bing
gntlman ushr; ths two lor s stan ing at a win ow by th chimny,
in my lor 's b chambr, th arl trmbling sai , with a vry faint an
soft voic, unto my lor , (laying his han upon his arm) "My lor , I
arrst you of high trason." With which wor s my lor was marvllously
astoni , stan ing both still a long spac without any furthr wor s.
But at th last, quoth my lor , "What movth you, or by what authority
o you this?" "Forsooth, my lor ," quoth th arl, "I hav a commission
to warrant m an my oing." "Whr is your commission?" quoth my lor ;
"lt m s it." "Nay, sir, that you may not," quoth th arl. "Wll
thn," quoth my lor , "I will not oby your arrst: for thr hath
bn btwn som of your pr cssors an min grat contntions an
bat grown upon an ancint gru g, which may succ in you, with
lik inconvninc, as it hath on hrtofor. Thrfor, unlss I s
your authority an commission, I will not oby you." Evn as thy wr
bating this mattr btwn thm in th chambr, so busy was Mastr
Walsh in arrsting of Doctor Augustin, th physician, at th oor,
within th portal, whom I har say unto him, "Go in thn, traitor,
or I shall mak th." An with that, I opn th portal oor, an
th sam bing opn , Mastr Walsh thrust Doctor Augustin in bfor
him with violnc. Ths mattrs on both th si s astonish m vry
sor, musing what all this shoul man; until at th last, Mastr
Walsh, bing ntr th chambr, bgan to pluck off his hoo , th
which h ha ma  him with a coat of th sam cloth, of cotton, to
th intnt h woul not b known. An aftr h ha pluck it off, h
knl own to my lor , to whom my lor spak first, comman ing him
to stan up, saying thus, "Sir, hr my Lor of Northumbrlan hath
arrst m of trason, but by what authority or commission h showth
m not; but saith, h hath on. If y b privy thrto, or b join
with him thrin, I pray you show m." "In  , my lor ," quoth Mastr
Walsh, "if it plas your grac, it is tru that h hath on." "Wll
thn," sai my lor , "I pray you lt m s it." "Sir, I bsch your
grac hol us xcus ," quoth Mastr Walsh, "thr is annx unto
our commission a sch ul with crtain instructions which y may in no
wis b privy unto." "Why," quoth my lor , "b your instructions such
that I may not s thm? Pra vntur, if I might b privy to thm, I
coul th bttr hlp you to prform thm. It is not unknown unto you
both I am assur , but I hav bn privy an of counsl in as wighty
mattrs as this is, for I oubt not for my part, but I shall prov an
clar myslf to b a tru man, against th xpctation of all my crul
nmis. I hav an un rstan ing whrupon all this mattr growth.
Wll, thr is no mor to o. I trow, gntlman, y b on of th
king's privy chambr; your nam, I suppos, is Walsh; I am contnt
to yil unto you, but not to my Lor of Northumbrlan , without I s
his commission. An also you ar a sufficint commissionr yourslf
in that bhalf, inasmuch as y b on of th king's privy chambr;
for th worst prson thr is a sufficint warrant to arrst th
gratst pr of this ralm, by th king's only comman mnt, without
any commission. Thrfor I am ra y to b or r an ispos at
your will, put thrfor th king's commission an your authority in
xcution, a Go 's nam, an spar not, an I will oby th king's will
an plasur. For I far mor th crulty of my unnatural nmis,
than I o my truth an allgianc; whrin, I tak Go to witnss, I
nvr offn  th king's majsty in wor or  ; an thrin I ar
stan fac to fac with any man aliv, having in iffrncy, without
partiality."
Thn cam my Lor of Northumbrlan unto m, stan ing at th portal
oor, an comman  m to avoi th chambr: an bing loath to part
from my mastr, [I] stoo still, an woul not rmov; to whom h
spak again, an sai , "Thr is no rm y, y must n s part."
With that I look upon my lor , (as who sayth, shall I go?) upon
whom my lor look vry havily, an shook at m his ha . Prciving
by his countnanc it boot m not to abi , an so I part th
chambr, an wnt into th nxt chambr, whr abo  many gntlmn of
my fllows, an othr, to larn of m som nws of th mattr within;
to whom I ma  rport what I saw an har ; which was to thm grat
havinss to har.
Thn th arl call ivrs gntlmn into th chambr, which wr for
th most part his own srvants; an aftr th arl an Mastr Walsh
ha takn th kys of all my lor 's coffrs from him, thy gav th
charg an custo y of my lor 's prson unto ths gntlmn. [An
thn] thy part , an wnt about th hous to st all things in
or r that night against th nxt morning, intn ing thn to part
from thnc (bing Satur ay) with my lor ; th which thy frr
until Sun ay, bcaus all things coul not b brought to pass as thy
woul hav it. Thy wnt busily about to convy Doctor Augustin away
to Lon on-war , with as much sp as thy coul , sn ing with him
ivrs honst prsons to con uct him, who was ti un r th hors's
blly. An this on, whn it was night, th commissionrs assign two
grooms of my lor 's to attn upon him in his chambr that night whr
thy lay; an th most part of th rst of th arl's gntlmn an
srvants watch in th nxt chambr an about th hous continually
until th morrow, an th portr kpt th gats, so that no man coul
go in or out until th nxt morning. At which tim my lor ros up,
supposing that h shoul hav part that ay, howbit h was kpt
clos scrtly in his chambr, xpcting continually his partur
from thnc. Thn th arl snt for m into his own chambr, an
bing thr h comman  m to go in to my lor , an thr to giv
attn anc upon him, an charg m upon an oath that I shoul obsrv
crtain articls. An going away from him, towar my lor , I mt with
Mr. Walsh in th court, who call m unto him, an l m into his
chambr, an thr show m that th king's highnss bar towar s m
his princly favour, for my ilignt an tru srvic that I aily
ministr towar s my lor an mastr. "Whrfor," quoth h, "th
king's plasur is, that y shall b about your mastr as most chifst
prson, in whom his highnss puttth grat confi nc an assur
trust; whos plasur is thrfor, that y shall b sworn unto his
majsty to obsrv crtain articls, in writing, th which I will
livr you." "Sir," quoth I, "my Lor of Northumbrlan hath alra y
sworn m to ivrs articls." "Ya," quoth h, "but my lor coul
not livr you th articls in writing, as I am comman  spcially
to o. Thrfor, I livr you this bill with ths articls, th
which y shall b sworn to fulfil." "Sir," thn quoth I, "I pray
you to giv m lav to prus thm, or vr I b sworn, to s if
I b abl to prform thm." "With a right goo will," quoth h. An
whn I ha prus thm, an un rstoo that thy wr but rasonabl
an tolrabl, I answr , that I was contnt to oby th king's
plasur, an to b sworn to th prformanc of thm. An so h gav
m a nw oath: an thn I rsort to my lor , whr h was in his
chambr sitting in a chair, th tabls bing covr for him ra y to
go to innr. But as soon as h prciv m coming in, h fll into
such a woful lamntation, with such ruful trms an watry ys, that
it woul hav caus th flintist hart to hav rlnt an burst
for sorrow. An as I an othr coul , [w] comfort him; but it woul
not b. "For," quoth h, "now that I s this gntlman (maning m)
how faithful, how ilignt, an how painful sinc th bginning of my
troubl h hath srv m, aban oning his own country, his wif, an
chil rn; his hous an family, his rst an quitnss, only to srv
m, an rmmbring with myslf that I hav nothing to rwar him for
his honst mrits grivth m not a littl. An also th sight of
him puttth m in rmmbranc of th numbr of my faithful srvants,
that I hav hr rmaining with m in this hous; whom I i intn
to hav prfrr an a vanc , to th bst of my powr, from tim
to tim, as occasion shoul srv. But now, alas! I am prvnt , an
hav nothing lft m hr to rwar thm; for all is priv m, an
I am lft hr thir solat an misrabl mastr, bar an wrtch ,
without hlp or succour, but of Go alon. Howbit," quoth h to m
(calling m by my nam), "I am a tru man, an thrfor y shall nvr
rciv sham of m for your srvic." I, prciving his havinss an
lamntabl wor s, sai thus unto him: "My lor , I nothing mistrust your
truth: an for th sam I ar an will b sworn bfor th king's
prson an his honourabl council. Whrfor, (knling upon my kns
bfor him, I sai ,) my lor , comfort yourslf, an b of goo chr.
Th malic of your uncharitabl nmis, nor thir untruth, shall
nvr prvail against your truth an faithfulnss, for I oubt not but
coming to your answr, my hop is such, that y shall so acquit an
clar yourslf of all thir surmis an fign accusations, that
it shall b to th king's contntation, an much to your a vancmnt
an rstitution of your formr ignity an stat." "Ya," quoth h,
"if I may com to min answr, I far no man aliv; for h livth not
upon th arth that shall look upon this fac (pointing to his own
fac), shall b abl to accus m of any untruth; an that knowth min
nmis full wll, which will b an occasion that I shall not hav
in iffrnt justic, but thy will rathr sk som othr sinistr
ways to stroy m." "Sir," quoth I, "y n not thrin oubt, th
king bing so much your goo lor , as h hath always show himslf
to b, in all your troubls." With that cam up my lor 's mat; an
so w lft our communication, I gav him watr, an sat him own to
innr; with whom sat ivrs of th arl's gntlmn, notwithstan ing
my lor i at vry littl mat, but woul many tims burst out
su nly in tars, with th most sorrowfullst wor s that hath bn
har of any woful cratur. An at th last h ftch a grat sigh
from th bottom of his hart, saying ths wor s of scriptur[190],
"_O constantia Martirum lau abilis! O charitas inxtinguibilis! O
pacintia invincibilis, qu lict intr prssuras prsquntium visa
sit spicabilis, invnitur in lau m t gloriam ac honorm in
tmpor tribulationis._" An thus pass h forth his innr in grat
lamntation an havinss, who was mor f an moistn with sorrow
an tars than with ithr plasant mats or licat rinks. I suppos
thr was not a ry y among all th gntlmn sitting at th tabl
with him. An whn th tabl was takn up, it was show my lor , that
h coul not rmov that night, (who xpct non othr all that ay),
quoth h, "Evn whn it shall sm my lor of Northumbrlan goo ."
Th nxt ay, bing Sun ay, my lor prpar himslf to ri  whn h
shoul b comman  ; an aftr innr, by that tim that th arl ha
appoint all things in goo or r within th castl, it rw fast
to night. Thr was assign to attn upon him fiv of us, his own
srvants, an no mor; that is to say I, on chaplain, his barbr, an
two grooms of his chambr, an whn h shoul go own th stairs out
of th grat chambr, my lor man  for th rst of his srvants;
th arl answr , that thy wr not far; th which h ha inclos
within th chapl, bcaus thy shoul not isquit his partur.
"Sir, I pray you," quoth my lor , "lt m s thm or vr I part,
or ls I will nvr go out of this hous." "Alack, my lor ," quoth
th arl, "thy shoul troubl you; thrfor I bsch you to contnt
yourslf." "Wll," quoth my lor , "thn will I not part out of this
hous, but I will s thm, an tak my lav of thm in this chambr."
An his srvants bing inclos in th chapl, having un rstan ing of
my lor 's parting away, an that thy shoul not s him bfor his
partur, bgan to gru g, an to mak such a ruful nois, that th
commissionrs oubt som tumult or inconvninc to aris by rason
throf, thought it goo to lt thm pass out to my lor , an that on
thy cam to him into th grat chambr whr h was, an thr thy
knl own bfor him; among whom was not on ry y, but pitifully
lamnt thir mastr's fall an troubl. To whom my lor gav
comfortabl wor s an worthy praiss for thir ilignt faithfulnss
an honst truth towar s him, assuring thm, that what chanc sovr
shoul happn unto him, that h was a tru man an a just to his
sovrign lor . An thus with a lamntabl mannr, shaking ach of thm
by th han s, was fain to part, th night rw so fast upon thm.
My lor 's mul an our horss wr ra y brought into th innr court;
whr w mount , an coming to th gat which was shut, th portr
opn th sam to lt us pass, whr was ra y attn ing a grat
numbr of gntlmn with thir srvants, such as th arl assign to
con uct an attn upon his prson that night to Pomfrt, an so forth,
as y shall har hraftr. But to tll you of th numbr of popl
of th country that wr assmbl at th gats which lamnt his
parting was won rous, which was about th numbr of thr thousan
prsons; who at th opning of th gats, aftr thy ha a sight of his
prson, cri all with a lou voic, "Go sav your grac, Go sav
your grac! Th foul vil tak all thm that hath thus takn you from
us! w pray Go that a vry vnganc may light upon thm!" Thus thy
ran crying aftr him through th town of Cawoo , thy lov him so
wll. For surly thy ha a grat loss of him, both th poor an th
rich: for th poor ha of him grat rlif; an th rich lack his
counsl in any businss that thy ha to o, which caus him to hav
such lov among thm in th country.
Thn ro  h with his con uctors towar s Pomfrt; an by th way
as h ro , h ask m if I ha any familiar acquaintanc among
th gntlmn that ro  with him. "Ya, sir," sai I, "what is your
plasur?" "Marry," quoth h, "I hav lft a thing bhin m which I
woul fain hav." "Sir," sai I, "if I knw what it wr, I woul sn
for it out of han ." "Thn," sai h, "lt th mssngr go to my Lor
of Northumbrlan , an sir him to sn m th r buckram bag, lying
in my almonry in my chambr, sal with my sal." With that I part
from him, an wnt straight unto on Sir Rogr Lassls, knight, who
was thn stwar to th Earl of Northumbrlan (bing among th rout
of horsmn as on of th chifst rulrs), whom I sir to sn
som of his srvants back unto th arl his mastr for that purpos;
[who] grant most gntly my rqust, an snt incontinnt on of his
srvants unto my lor to Cawoo for th sai bag; who i so honstly
his mssag, that h brought th sam to my lor imm iatly aftr h
was in his chambr within th abby of Pomfrt; whr h lay all night.
In which bag was no othr thing nclos but thr shirts of hair,
which h livr to th chaplain, his ghostly fathr, vry scrtly.
Furthrmor, as w ro  towar Pomfrt, my lor man  of m, whithr
thy woul la him that night. "Forsooth, sir," quoth I, "but to
Pomfrt." "Alas," quoth h, "shall I go to th castl, an li thr,
an i lik a bast?" "Sir, I can tll you no mor what thy o
intn ; but I will nquir hr among ths gntlmn of a spcial
frin of min who is chif of all thir counsl."
With that I rpair unto th sai Sir Rogr Lassls, knight, siring
him most arnstly that h woul vouchsaf to show m, whithr my lor
shoul go to b lo g that night; who answr m again that my lor
shoul b lo g within th abby of Pomfrt, an in non othr plac;
an so I rport to my lor , who was gla throf; so that within
night w cam to Pomfrt Abby, an thr lo g .
An th arl rmain still all that night in Cawoo Castl, to s
th spatch of th houshol , an to stablish all th stuff in som
surty within th sam.
Th nxt ay thy rmov with my lor towar s Doncastr, siring
that h might com thithr by night, bcaus th popl follow him
wping an lamnting, an so thy i nvrthlss although h cam in
by torchlight, crying, "Go sav your grac, Go sav your grac, my
goo lor car inal," running bfor him with can ls in thir han s,
who caus m thrfor to ri  har by his mul to sha ow him from th
popl, an yt thy prciv him, cursing his nmis. An thus thy
brought him to th Blackfriars, within th which thy lo g him that
night.
An th nxt ay w rmov to Shffil Park, whr th Earl of
Shrwsbury lay within th lo g, an all th way thithrwar th popl
cri an lamnt as thy i in all placs as w ro  bfor. An
whn w cam into th park of Shffil , nigh to th lo g, my Lor of
Shrwsbury, with my la y his wif, a train of gntlwomn, an all my
lor 's gntlmn an yomn stan ing without th gats of th lo g to
attn my lor 's coming, to rciv him with much honour; whom th
arl mbrac , saying ths wor s, "My lor ," quoth h, "your grac is
most hartily wlcom unto m, an [I am] gla to s you in my poor
lo g, th which I hav oftn sir ; an [shoul hav bn] much mor
gla r, if you ha com aftr anothr sort." "Ah, my gntl lor of
Shrwsbury," quoth my lor , "I hartily thank you: an although I hav
no caus to rjoic, yt, as a sorrowful hart may joy, I rjoic,
my chanc which is so goo to com unto th han s an custo y of so
nobl a prson, whos approv honour an wis om hath bn always
right wll known to all nobl stats. An , sir, howsovr my ungntl
accusrs hav us thir accusations against m, yt I assur you,
an so bfor your lor ship, an all th worl , I o protst, that my
manour an proc ings hath bn just an loyal towar s my sovrign
an lig lor ; of whos bhaviour an oings your lor ship hath ha
goo xprinc; an vn accor ing to my truth an faithfulnss so
I bsch Go to hlp m in this my calamity." "I oubt nothing of
your truth," quoth th arl, "thrfor, my lor , I bsch you, b of
goo chr, an far not; for I hav rciv lttrs from th king
of his own han in your favour an ntrtaining, th which you shall
s. Sir, I am nothing sorry, but that I hav not whrwith worthily
to rciv you, an to ntrtain you, accor ing to your honour an my
goo will; but such as I hav, y ar most hartily wlcom thrto,
siring you to accpt my goo will accor ingly, for I will not rciv
you as a prisonr, but as my goo lor , an th king's tru faithful
subjct; an hr is my wif com to salut you." Whom my lor kiss
barha  , an all hr gntlwomn; an took my lor 's srvants by
th han s, as wll gntlmn an yomn as othr. Thn ths two lor s
wnt arm an arm into th lo g, con ucting my lor into a fair chambr
at th n of a goo ly gallry, within a nw towr whr my lor was
lo g . Thr was also in th mi st of th sam gallry a travrs of
sarsnt rawn; so that th on part was prsrv for my lor , an th
othr part for th arl.
Thn part all th grat numbr of gntlmn an othr that
con uct my lor to th arl of Shrwsbury's. An my lor bing thr,
continu thr ightn ays aftr; upon whom th arl appoint
ivrs gntlmn of his srvants to srv my lor , forasmuch as h ha
a small numbr of srvants thr to srv; an also to s that h
lack nothing that h woul sir, bing srv in his own chambr at
innr an suppr, as honourably, an with as many ainty ishs, as h
ha most commonly in his own hous bing at librty. An onc vry
ay th arl woul rsort unto him, an sit with him communing upon
a bnch in a grat win ow in th gallry. An though th arl woul
right hartily comfort him, yt woul h lamnt so pitously, that it
woul mak th arl vry sorry an havy for his grif. "Sir," sai h,
"I hav, an aily o rciv lttrs from th king, comman ing m to
ntrtain you as on that h lovth, an highly favourth; whrby I
prciv y o lamnt without any grat caus much mor than y n
to o. An though y b accus (as I think in goo faith unjustly),
yt th king can o no lss but put you to your trial, th which is
mor for th satisfying of som prsons, than for any mistrust that
h hath in your oings." "Alas!" quoth my lor to th arl, "is it
not a pitous cas, that any man shoul so wrongfully accus m unto
th king's prson, an not to com to min answr bfor his majsty?
For I am wll assur , my lor , that thr is no man aliv or a
that lookth in this fac of min, [who] is abl to accus m of any
isloyalty towar th king. Oh! how much it grivth m that th king
shoul hav any suspicious opinion in m, to think that I woul b
fals or conspir any vil to his royal prson; who may wll consi r,
that I hav no assur frin in all th worl in whom I put my trust
but only in his grac; for if I shoul go about to btray my sovrign
lor an princ, in whom is all my trust an confi nc bfor all
othr prsons, all mn might justly think an rport, that I lack
not only grac, but also both wit an iscrtion. Nay, nay, my lor ,
I woul rathr a vntur to sh my hart's bloo in his fnc,
as I am boun to o, by min allgianc an also for th safguar
of myslf, than to imagin his struction; for h is my staff that
supportth m, an th wall that fn th m against my malignant
nmis, an all othr: who knowth bst my truth bfor all mn, an
hath ha throf bst an longst xprinc. Thrfor to conclu , it
is not to b thought that vr I woul go about or intn maliciously
or traitorously to travl or wish any prju ic or amag to his royal
prson or imprial ignity; but, as I sai , fn it with th sh ing
of my hart bloo , an procur all mn so to o, an it wr but only
for th fnc of min own prson an simpl stat, th which min
nmis think I o so much stm; having non othr rfug to fl
to for fnc or succour, in all a vrsity, but un r th sha ow of
his majsty's wing. Alas! my lor , I was in a goo stat now, an in
cas of a quit living right wll contnt thrwith: but th nmy that
nvr slpth, but stu ith an continually imaginth, both slping
an waking, my uttr struction, prciving th contntation of my
min , oubt that thir malicious an crul alings woul at lngth
grow to thir sham an rbuk, goth about thrfor to prvnt th
sam with sh ing of my bloo . But from Go , that knowth th scrts
of thir harts an of all othrs, it cannot b hi , n yt unrwar  ,
whn h shall s opportunity. For, my goo lor , if you will show
yourslf so much my goo frin as to rquir th king's majsty, by
your lttrs, that my accusrs may com bfor my fac in his prsnc,
an thr that I may mak answr, I oubt not but y shall s m
acquit myslf of all thir malicious accusations, an uttrly confoun
thm; for thy shall nvr b abl to prov, by any u probations,
that vr I offn  th king in will, thought, an  . Thrfor
I sir you an most hartily rquir your goo lor ship, to b a
man for m, that I may answr unto my accusrs bfor th king's
majsty. Th cas is his; an if thir accusations shoul b tru, thn
shoul it touch no man but him most arnstly; whrfor it wr most
convnint that h shoul har it himslf in propr prson. But I far
m, that thy o intn rathr to ispatch m than I shoul com bfor
him in his prsnc; for thy b wll assur , an vry crtain, that
my truth shoul vanquish all thir untruth an surmis accusations;
which is th spcial caus that movth m so arnstly to sir to
mak min answr bfor th king's majsty. Th loss of goo s, th
slan r of my nam, n yt all my troubl, grivth m nothing so much
as th loss of th king's favour, an that h shoul hav in m such an
opinion, without srt, of untruth, that hav with such travail an
pains srv his highnss so justly, so painfully, an with so faithful
a hart, to his profit an honour at all tims. An also again, th
truth of my oings against thir unjust accusations prov most just
an loyal shoul b much to my honsty, an o m mor goo than to
attain grat trasur; as I oubt not but it will, if [th cas] might
b in iffrntly har . Now, my goo lor , wigh y my rasonabl
rqust, an lt charity an truth mov your nobl hart with pity,
to hlp m in all this my truth, whrin y shall tak no mannr of
slan r or rbuk, by th grac of Go ." "Wll thn," quoth my Lor
of Shrwsbury, "I will writ to th king's majsty in your bhalf,
claring to him by my lttrs how grivously y lamnt his isplasur
an in ignation; an what rqust y mak for th trial of your truth
towar s his highnss." Thus aftr ths communications, an ivrs
othrs, as btwn thm aily was accustom , thy part asun r.
Whr my lor continu th spac aftr of a fortnight, having goo ly
an honourabl ntrtainmnt, whom th arl woul oftn rquir to
kill a o or two thr in th park, who always rfus all mannr of
arthly plasurs an isports ithr in hunting or in othr gams, but
appli his prayrs continually vry voutly; so that it cam to pass
at [a] crtain sason sitting at innr in his own chambr, having at
his boar 's n that sam ay, as h ivrs tims ha to accompany him,
a mss of th arl's gntlmn an chaplains, an ating of roast
war ns at th n of his innr, bfor whom I stoo at th tabl,
rssing of thos war ns for him: bhol ing of him [I] prciv his
colour oftn to chang, an altr ivrs tims, whrby I ju g him
not to b in halth. Which caus m to lan ovr th tabl, saying
unto him softly, "Sir, m smth your grac is not wll at as." H
answr again an sai , "Forsooth, no mor I am; for I am," quoth h,
"su nly takn about my stomach, with a thing that lith ovrthwart my
brast as col as a whtston; th which is but win ; thrfor I pray
you tak up th cloth, an mak y a short innr, an rsort shortly
again unto m." An aftr that th tabl was takn up, I wnt an sat
th waitrs to innr, without in th gallry, an rsort again to
my lor , whr I foun him still sitting whr I lft him vry ill
at as; notwithstan ing h was in communication with th gntlmn
sitting at th boar 's n . An as soon as I was ntr th chambr,
h sir m to go own to th apothcary, an to inquir of him
whthr h ha any thing that woul brak win upwar , an accor ing
to his comman mnt I wnt my way towar s th apothcary. An by th
way I rmmbr on articl of min oath bfor ma  unto Mastr
Walsh, which caus m first to go to th arl, an show him both
what stat h was in, an also what h sir at th apothcary's
han for his rlif. With that th arl caus th apothcary to b
call incontinnt bfor him; of whom h man  whthr h ha any
thing to brak win that troublth on in his brast; an h answr
that h ha such gar. "Thn," quoth th arl, "ftch m som hithr."
Th which th apothcary brought in a whit papr, a crtain whit
confction unto th arl, who comman  m to giv th assay throf to
th apothcary, an so I i bfor him. An thn I part thrwith
bringing it to my lor , bfor whom I took also th assay throf, an
livr th sam to my lor , who rciv th sam wholly altogthr
at onc. An imm iatly aftr h ha rciv th sam, surly h
avoi  xc ing much win upwar . "Lo," quoth h, "now you may s
that it was but win ; but by th mans of this rcipt I am, I thank
Go , wll as an so h ros from th tabl, an wnt to his prayrs,
as h accustom ly i aftr innr. An bing at his prayrs, thr
cam upon him such a lask, that it caus him to go to his stool; an
bing thr th arl snt for m, an at my coming h sai , "Forasmuch
as I hav always prciv you to b a man, in whom my lor your
mastr hath grat affianc; an for my xprinc, knowing you to b
an honst man" (with many mor wor s of commn ation than n hr to
b rhars ), sai , "It is so, that my lor , your lamntabl mastr,
hath oftn sir m to writ to th king's majsty that h might
com unto his prsnc, to mak answr to his accusations; an vn
so hav I on; for this ay hav I rciv lttrs from his grac,
by Sir William Kingston, knight, whrby I o prciv that th king
hath in him a vry goo opinion; an upon my oftn rqust, h hath
snt for him, by th sai Sir William, to com up to answr, accor ing
to his own sir; who is in his chambr. Whrfor now is th tim
com that my lor hath oftn sir to try himslf an his truth, as
I trust much to his honour; an I put no oubt in so oing, that it
shall b for him th bst journy that vr h ma  in all his lif.
Thrfor now woul I hav you to play th part of a wis man, to
brak first this mattr unto him so wittily, an in such sort, that h
might tak it quitly in goo part: for h is vr so full of sorrow
an olor in my company, that I far m h will tak it in vil part,
an thn h oth not wll: for I assur you, an so show him that th
king is his goo lor , an hath givn m th most worthy thanks for his
ntrtainmnt, siring an comman ing m so to continu, not oubting
but that h will right nobly acquit himslf towar s his highnss.
Thrfor, go your ways to him, an so prsua  with him that I may
fin him in goo quit at my coming, for I will not tarry long aftr
you." "Sir," quoth I, "I shall, if it plas your lor ship, n avour
m to accomplish your comman mnt to th bst of my powr. But, sir, I
oubt on thing, that whn I shall nam Sir William Kingston, h will
mistrust that all is not wll; bcaus h is constabl of th towr,
an captain of th guar , having twnty-four of th guar to attn
upon him." "Marry it is truth;" quoth th arl, "what throf, though
h b constabl of th towr? yt h is th most mtst man for his
wis om an iscrtion to b snt about any such mssag. An for th
guar , it is for non othr purpos but only to fn him against all
thm that woul intn him any vil, ithr in wor or  ; an also
thy b all, or for th most part, such of his ol srvants as th king
took of lat into his srvic, to th intnt that thy shoul attn
upon him most justly, an oth know bst how to srv him." "Wll,
sir," sai I, "I will o what I can," an so part towar my lor .
An at my rpair I foun him sitting at th uppr n of th gallry,
upon a trussing chst of his own, with his ba s an staff in his
han s. An spying m coming from th arl, h man  of m what
nws. "Forsooth, sir," quoth I, "th bst nws that vr cam to you;
if your grac can tak it wll." "I pray Go it b," quoth h, "what is
it?" "Forsooth, sir," quoth I, "my Lor of Shrwsbury, prciving by
your oftn communication that y wr always sirous to com bfor
th king's majsty, an now as your most assur frin , hath travail
so with his lttrs unto th king, that th king hath snt for you
by Mastr Kingston an twnty-four of th guar , to con uct you to
his highnss." "Mastr Kingston," quoth h, rharsing his nam[191]
onc or twic; an with that clapp his han on his thigh, an gav
a grat sigh. "Sir," quoth I, "if your grac coul or woul tak all
things in goo part, it shoul b much bttr for you. Contnt yourslf
for Go 's sak, an think that Go an your frin s hath wrought for
you, accor ing to your own sir. Di y not always wish that y might
clar yourslf bfor th king's prson, now that Go an your frin s
hath brought your sir to pass, y will not tak it thankfully? If y
consi r your truth an loyalty unto our sovrign lor , against th
which your nmis cannot prvail, th king bing your goo lor as h
is, you know wll, that th king can o no lss than h oth, you bing
to his highnss accus of som hinous crim, but caus you to b
brought to your trial, an thr to rciv accor ing to your mrits;
th which his highnss trustth, an saith no lss but that you shall
prov yourslf a just man to his majsty, whrin y hav mor caus to
rjoic than thus to lamnt, or mistrust his favourabl justic. For I
assur you, your nmis b mor in oubt an far of you, than you
of thm; that thy wish that thing, that I trust thy shall nvr b
abl to bring to pass with all thir wits, th king (as I sai bfor)
bing your in iffrnt an singular goo lor an frin . An to prov
that h so is, s you not how h hath snt gntl Mastr Kingston for
you, with such mn as wr your ol tru srvants, an yt b as far as
it bcomth thm to b only to attn upon you, for th want of your
own srvants, willing also Mastr Kingston to rmov you with as much
honour as was u to you in your high stat; an to convy you by such
asy journys as y shall comman him to o; an that y shall hav
all your sirs an comman mnts by th way in vry plac, to your
grac's contntation an honour. Whrfor, sir, I humbly bsch your
grac, to imprint all ths just prsuasions with many othr imminnt
occasions in your iscrtion, an b of goo chr; I most humbly with
my faithful hart rquir your grac, whrwith y shall principally
comfort yourslf, an nxt giv all your frin s an to m an othr
of your srvants goo hop of your goo sp ." "Wll, wll, thn,"
quoth h, "I prciv mor than y can imagin, or o know. Exprinc
of ol hath taught m." An thrwith h ros up, an wnt into his
chambr, to his clos stool, th flux troubl him so sor; an whn
h ha on h cam out again; an imm iatly my Lor of Shrwsbury
cam into th gallry unto him, with whom my lor mt, an thn thy
both sitting own upon a bnch in a grat win ow, th arl ask him
how h i , an h most lamntably, as h was accustom , answr ,
thanking him for his gntl ntrtainmnt. "Sir," quoth th arl, "if
y rmmbr y hav oftn wish in my company to mak answr bfor
th king; an I as sirous to hlp your rqust, as you to wish,
baring towar s you my goo will, hav writtn spcially to th king
in your bhalf; making him also privy of your lamntabl sorrow, that
y inwar ly rciv for his high isplasur; who accptth all things
an your oings thrin, as frin s b accustom to o in such cass.
Whrfor I woul a vis you to pluck up your hart, an b not aghast
of your nmis, who I assur you hav you in mor oubt than y woul
think, prciving that th king is fully min  to hav th haring
of your cas bfor his own prson. Now, sir, if you can b of goo
chr, I oubt not but this journy which y shall tak towar s his
highnss shall b much to your a vancmnt, an an ovrthrow of your
nmis. Th king hath snt for you by that worshipful knight Mastr
Kingston, an with him twnty-four of your ol srvants, who b now of
th guar , to fn you against your unknown nmis, to th intnt
that y may safly com unto his majsty." "Sir," quoth my lor , "as
I suppos Mastr Kingston is constabl of th towr." "Ya, what of
that?" quoth th arl, "I assur you h is only appoint by th king
for on of your frin s, an for a iscrt gntlman, as most worthy
to tak upon him th saf con uct of your prson; for without fail th
king favourth you much mor, an barth towar s you a scrt spcial
favour, far othrwis than y o tak it." "Wll, sir," quoth my lor ,
"as Go will, so b it. I am subjct to fortun, an to fortun I
submit myslf, bing a tru man ra y to accpt such or inancs as
Go hath provi  for m, an thr an n : sir, I pray you, whr is
Mastr Kingston?" "Marry," quoth th arl, "if y will, I will sn for
him, who woul most gla ly s you." "I pray you thn," quoth my lor ,
"sn for him." At whos mssag h cam incontinnt, an as soon as my
lor spi him coming in to th gallry, h ma  hast to ncountr
him. Mastr Kingston cam towar s him with much rvrnc; an at his
approach h knl own an salut him on th king's bhalf; whom
my lor barha  offr to tak up, but h still knl . "Thn,"
quoth my lor , "Mastr Kingston, I pray you stan up, an lav your
knling unto a vry wrtch rplt with misry, not worthy to b
stm , but for a vil abjct uttrly cast away, without srt;
an thrfor, goo Mastr Kingston, stan up, or I will myslf knl
own by you." With that Mastr Kingston stoo up, saying, with humbl
rvrnc, "Sir, th king's majsty hath him commn  unto you." "I
thank his highnss," quoth my lor , "I trust h b in halth, an
mrry, th which I bsch Go long continu." "Ya, without oubt,"
quoth Mastr Kingston: "an so hath h comman  m first to say unto
you, that you shoul assur yourslf that h barth you as much goo
will an favour as vr h i ; an willth you to b of goo chr.
An whr[192] rport hath bn ma  unto him, that y shoul commit
against his royal majsty crtain hinous crims, which h thinkth
to b untru, yt for th ministration of justic, in such cass
rquisit, an to avoi all suspct of partiality [h] can o no lss
at th last than to sn for you to your trial, mistrusting nothing
your truth an wis om, but that y shall b abl to acquit yourslf
against all complaints an accusations xhibit against you; an to
tak your journy towar s him at your own plasur, comman ing m to
b attn ant upon you with all amag an inconvnincs that might
nsu; an to lct all such your ol srvants, now his, to srv you
by th way, who hav most xprinc of your it. Thrfor, sir, I
bsch your grac to b of goo chr; an whn it shall b your goo
plasur to tak your journy, I shall giv min attn anc." "Mastr
Kingston," quoth my lor , "I thank you for your goo nws: an , sir,
hrof assur yourslf, that if I wr as abl an as lusty as I hav
bn but of lat, I woul not fail to ri  with you in post: but, sir,
I am isas with a flux[193] that makth m vry wak. But, Mastr
Kingston, all ths comfortabl wor s which y hav spokn b but for
a purpos to bring m into a fool's para is: I know what is provi 
for m. Notwithstan ing, I thank you for your goo will an pains takn
about m; an I shall with all sp mak m ra y to ri  with you
to-morrow." An thus thy fll into othr communication, both th
arl an Mastr Kingston with my lor ; who comman  m to fors an
provi  that all things might b ma  ra y to part th morrow aftr.
I caus all things to b truss up, an ma  in a ra inss as fast
as thy coul convnintly.
Whn night cam that w shoul go to b , my lor wax vry sick
through his nw isas, th which caus him still continually from
tim to tim to go to th stool all that night; insomuch from th
tim that his isas took him, unto th nxt ay, h ha abov fifty
stools, so that h was that ay vry wak. Th mattr that h voi 
was won rous black, th which physicians call cholr a ustin; an
whn h prciv it, h sai to m, "If I hav not som hlp shortly,
it will cost m my lif." With that I caus on octor Nicholas, a
physician, bing with th arl, to look upon th gross mattr that
h avoi  ; upon sight whrof h trmin how h shoul not liv
past four or fiv ays; yt notwithstan ing h woul hav ri n with
Mastr Kingston that sam ay, if th Earl of Shrwsbury ha not bn.
Thrfor, in consi ration of his infirmity, thy caus him to tarry
all that ay.
An th nxt ay h took his journy with Mastr Kingston an th
guar . An as soon as thy spi thir ol mastr, in such a
lamntabl stat, thy lamnt him with wping ys. Whom my lor
took by th han s, an ivrs tims, by th way, as h ro , h woul
talk with thm, somtim with on, an somtim with anothr; at night
h was lo g at a hous of th Earl of Shrwsbury's, call Har wick
Hall, vry vil at as. Th nxt ay h ro  to Nottingham, an thr
lo g that night, mor sickr, an th nxt ay w ro  to Licstr
Abby; an by th way h wax so sick that h was ivrs tims likly
to hav falln from his mul[194]; an bing night bfor w cam
to th abby of Licstr, whr at his coming in at th gats th
abbot of th plac with all his convnt mt him with th light of many
torchs; whom thy right honourably rciv with grat rvrnc. To
whom my lor sai , "Fathr Abbot, I am com hithr to lav my bons
among you," whom thy brought on his mul to th stairs foot of his
chambr, an thr alight , an Mastr Kingston thn took him by th
arm, an l him up th stairs; who tol m aftrwar s that h nvr
carri so havy a bur n in all his lif. An as soon as h was in
his chambr, h wnt incontinnt to his b , vry sick. This was upon
Satur ay at night; an thr h continu sickr an sickr.
Upon Mon ay in th morning, as I stoo by his b si , about ight
of th clock, th win ows bing clos shut, having wax lights burning
upon th cupboar , I bhl him, as m sm , rawing fast to his
n . H prciving my sha ow upon th wall by his b si , ask who
was thr? "Sir, I am hr," quoth I; "How o you?" quoth h to m.
"Vry wll, sir," quoth I, "if I might s your grac wll." "What is
it of th clock?" sai h to m. "Forsooth, sir," sai I, "it is past
ight of th clock in th morning." "Eight of th clock?" quoth h,
"that cannot b," rharsing ivrs tims, "ight of th clock, ight
of th clock, nay, nay," quoth h at th last, "it cannot b ight of
th clock: for by ight of th clock y shall los your mastr: for
my tim rawth nar that I must part out of this worl ." With that
Mastr Doctor Palms, a worshipful gntlman, bing his chaplain an
ghostly fathr, stan ing by, ba  m scrtly man of him if h woul
b shrivn, an to b in a ra inss towar s Go , whatsovr shoul
chanc. At whos sir I ask him that qustion. "What hav you to o
to ask m any such qustion?" quoth h, an bgan to b vry angry with
m for my prsumption; until at th last Mastr Doctor took my part,
an talk with him in Latin, an so pacifi him.
An aftr innr, Mastr Kingston snt for m into his chambr, an
at my bing thr, sai to m, "So it is, that th king hath snt m
lttrs by this gntlman Mastr Vincnt, on of your ol companions,
who hath bn of lat in troubl in th Towr of Lon on for mony that
my lor shoul hav at his last parting from him, which now cannot
b foun . Whrfor th king, at this gntlman's rqust, for th
claration of his truth hath snt him hithr with his grac's lttrs
irct unto m, comman ing m by virtu throf to xamin my lor in
that bhalf, an to hav your counsl hrin, how it may b on, that
h may tak it wll an in goo part. This is th chif caus of my
sn ing for you; thrfor I pray you what is your bst counsl to us
in this mattr for th tru acquittal of this gntlman?" "Sir," quoth
I, "as touching that mattr, my simpl a vic shall b this, that your
own prson shall rsort unto him an visit him, an in communication
brak th mattr unto him; an if h will not tll th truth, thr
b that can satisfy th king's plasur thrin; an in anywis spak
nothing of my fllow Vincnt. An I woul not a vis you to tract th
tim with him; for h is vry sick, an I far m h will not liv
past to-morrow in th morning." Thn wnt Mastr Kingston unto him;
an ask first how h i , an so forth proc  in communication,
whrin Mastr Kingston man  of him th sai mony, saying, "that
my lor of Northumbrlan hath foun a book at Cawoo that rportth
how y ha but lat fiftn hun r poun s in ra y mony, an on
pnny throf will not b foun , who hath ma  th king privy by his
lttrs throf. Whrfor th king hath writtn unto m, to man of
you if you know whr it is bcom; for it wr pity that it shoul
b mbzzl from you both. Thrfor I shall rquir you, in th
king's nam, to tll m th truth hrin, to th intnt that I may
mak just rport unto his majsty what answr y mak thrin." With
that my lor paus awhil an sai , "Ah, goo Lor ! how much oth
it griv m that th king shoul think in m such cit, whrin I
shoul civ him of any on pnny that I hav. Rathr than I woul ,
Mastr Kingston, mbzzl, or civ him of a mit, I woul it wr
moult, an put in my mouth;" which wor s h spak twic or thric vry
vhmntly. "I hav nothing, n nvr ha (Go bing my ju g), that I
stm , or ha in it any such light or plasur, but that I took
it for th king's goo s, having but th bar us of th sam uring
my lif, an aftr my ath to lav it to th king; whrin h hath
but prvnt my intnt an purpos. An for this mony that y man
of m, I assur you it is non of min; for I borrow it of ivrs
of my frin s to bury m, an to bstow among my srvants, who hav
takn grat pains about m, lik tru an faithful mn. Notwithstan ing
if it b his plasur to tak this mony from m, I must hol m
thrwith contnt. Yt I woul most humbly bsch his majsty to s
thm satisfi , of whom I borrow th sam for th ischarg of my
conscinc." "Who b thy?" quoth Mastr Kingston. "That shall I show
you," sai my lor . "I borrow two hun r poun s throf of Sir John
Alln of Lon on; an two hun r poun s of Sir Richar Grsham; an two
hun r poun s of th mastr of th Savoy; an two hun r poun s of
Doctor Hick n, an of my collg in Oxfor ; an two hun r poun s
of th trasurr of th church of York; an two hun r poun s of th
an of York; an two hun r poun s of parson Ellis my chaplain; an
a hun r poun s of my stwar , whos nam I hav forgottn; trusting
that th king will rstor thm again thir mony, for it is non of
min." "Sir," quoth Mastr Kingston, "thr is no oubt in th king;
y n not to mistrust that, but whn th king shall b a vrtis
throf, to whom I shall mak rport of your rqust, that his grac
will o as shall bcom him. But, sir, I pray you, whr is this
mony?" "Mastr Kingston," quoth h, "I will not concal it from th
king; I will clar it to you, or I i, by th grac of Go . Tak a
littl patinc with m, I pray you." "Wll, sir, thn will I troubl
you no mor at this tim, trusting that y will show m to-morrow."
"Ya, that I will, Mastr Kingston, for th mony is saf nough, an
in an honst man's kping; who will not kp on pnny from th king."
An thn Mastr Kingston wnt to his chambr to suppr.
Howbit my lor wax vry sick, most liklist to i that night, an
oftn swoon , an as m thought rw fast towar his n , until it was
four of th clock in th morning, at which tim I ask him how h i .
"Wll," quoth h, "if I ha any mat; I pray you giv m som." "Sir,
thr is non ra y," sai I; "I wis," quoth h, "y b th mor to
blam, for you shoul hav always som mat for m in a ra inss, to
at whn my stomach srvth m; thrfor I pray you gt m som; for
I intn this ay, Go willing, to mak m strong, to th intnt I may
occupy myslf in confssion, an mak m ra y to Go ." "Thn, sir,"
quoth I, "I will call up th cook to provi  som mat for you; an
will also, if it b your plasur, call for Mastr Palms, that y may
commun with him, until your mat b ra y." "With a goo will," quoth
h. An thrwith I wnt first, an call up th cook, comman ing him
to prpar som mat for my lor ; an thn I wnt to Mastr Palms an
tol him what cas my lor was in; willing him to ris, an to rsort
to him with sp . An thn I wnt to Mastr Kingston, an gav him
warning, that, as I thought, h woul not liv; a vrtising him that
if h ha any thing to say to him, that h shoul mak hast, for h
was in grat angr. "In goo faith," quoth Mastr Kingston, "y b to
blam: for y mak him bliv that h is sickr, an in mor angr
than h is." "Wll, sir," quoth I, "y shall not say anothr ay but
that I gav you warning, as I am boun to o, in ischarg of my uty.
Thrfor, I pray you, whatsovr shall chanc, lt no nglignc b
ascrib to m hrin; for I assur you his lif is vry short. Do
thrfor now as y think bst." Yt nvrthlss h aros, an ma 
him ra y, an cam to him. Aftr h ha atn of a cullis ma  of a
chickn, a spoonful or two; at th last, quoth h, "Whrof was this
cullis ma ?" "Forsooth, sir," quoth I, "of a chickn." "Why," quoth
h, "it is fasting ay, an St. An rw's Ev." "What though it b,
sir," quoth Doctor Palms, "y b xcus by rason of your sicknss?"
"Ya," quoth h, "what though? I will at no mor."
Thn was h in confssion th spac of an hour. An whn h ha n 
his confssion, Mastr Kingston ba  him goo -morrow (for it was about
svn of th clock in th morning); an ask him how h i . "Sir,"
quoth h, "I tarry but th will an plasur of Go , to rn r unto him
my simpl soul into his ivin han s." "Not yt so, sir," quoth Mastr
Kingston, "with th grac of Go , y shall liv, an o vry wll; if
y will b of goo chr." "Mastr Kingston, my isas is such that
I cannot liv; I hav ha som xprinc in my isas, an thus it
is: I hav a flux with a continual fvr; th natur whrof is this,
that if thr b no altration with m of th sam within ight ays,
thn must ithr nsu xcoriation of th ntrails, or frnzy, or ls
prsnt ath; an th bst throf is ath. An as I suppos, this
is th ighth ay: an if y s in m no altration, thn is thr
no rm y (although I may liv a ay or twain), but ath, which is
th bst rm y of th thr." "Nay, sir, in goo faith," quoth Mastr
Kingston, "you b in such olor an pnsivnss, oubting that thing
that in  y n not to far, which makth you much wors than y
shoul b." "Wll, wll, Mastr Kingston," quoth h, "I s th mattr
against m how it is fram ; but if I ha srv Go as iligntly
as I hav on th king, h woul not hav givn m ovr in my gry
hairs[195]. Howbit this is th just rwar that I must rciv for my
worl ly ilignc an pains that I hav ha to o him srvic; only
to satisfy his vain plasur, not rgar ing my go ly uty. Whrfor
I pray you, with all my hart, to hav m most humbly commn  unto
his royal majsty; bsching him in my bhalf to call to his most
gracious rmmbranc all mattrs proc ing btwn him an m from th
bginning of th worl unto this ay, an th progrss of th sam:
an most chifly in th wighty mattr yt pn ing; (maning th
mattr nwly bgan btwn him an goo Qun Kathrin) thn shall
his conscinc clar, whthr I hav offn  him or no. H is sur
a princ of a royal courag, an hath a princly hart; an rathr
than h will ithr miss or want any part of his will or apptit, h
will put th loss of on half of his ralm in angr. For I assur you
I hav oftn knl bfor him in his privy chambr on my kns, th
spac of an hour or two, to prsua  him from his will an apptit:
but I coul nvr bring to pass to issua  him thrfrom. Thrfor,
Mastr Kingston, if it chanc hraftr you to b on of his privy
counsl, as for your wis om an othr qualitis y ar mt to b, I
warn you to b wll a vis an assur what mattr y put in his ha ,
for y shall nvr put it out again.
"An say furthrmor, that I rqust his grac, in Go 's nam,
that h hav a vigilant y to prss this nw prnicious sct of
Luthrans[196], that it o not incras within his ominions through
his nglignc, in such a sort, as that h shall b fain at lngth
to put harnss upon his back to sub u thm; as th king of Bohmia
i , who ha goo gam, to s his ru  commons (thn infct with
Wickliff's hrsis) to spoil an mur r th spiritual mn an
rligious prsons of his ralm; th which fl to th king an his
nobls for succour against thir frantic rag; of whom thy coul gt
no hlp of fnc or rfug, but [thy] laugh thm to scorn, having
goo gam at thir spoil an consumption, not rgar ing thir utis
nor thir own fnc. An whn ths rronous hrtics ha sub u
all th clrgy an spiritual prsons, taking th spoil of thir
richs, both of churchs, monastris, an all othr spiritual things,
having no mor to spoil, [thy] caught such a courag of thir formr
librty that thn thy is ain thir princ an sovrign lor with
all othr nobl prsonags, an th ha govrnors of th country,
an bgan to fall in han with th tmporal lor s to slay an spoil
thm, without pity or mrcy, most crully. Insomuch that th king an
othr his nobls wr constrain to put harnss upon thir backs, to
rsist th ungo ly powrs of thos traitorous hrtics, an to fn
thir livs an librtis, who pitch a fil royal against thm;
in which fil ths traitors so stoutly ncountr , th party of
thm was so crul an vhmnt, that in fin thy wr victors, an
slw th king, th lor s, an all th gntlmn of th ralm, laving
not on prson that bar th nam or port of a gntlman aliv, or
of any prson that ha any rul or authority in th common wal. By
mans of which slaughtr thy hav liv vr sinc in grat misry
an povrty without a ha or govrnor, living all in common lik
wil basts abhorr of all Christian nations. Lt this b to him an
vi nt xampl to avoi th lik angr, I pray you. Goo Mastr
Kingston, thr is no trust in routs, or unlawful assmblis of th
common popl; for whn th riotous multitu  b assmbl , thr is
among thm no mrcy or consi ration of thir boun n uty; as in th
history of King Richar th Scon , on of his nobl prognitors, which
[liv ] in that sam tim of Wickliff's s itious opinions. Di not
th commons, I pray you, ris against th king an th nobls of th
ralm of Englan ; whrof som thy apprhn  , whom thy without
mrcy or justic put to ath? an i thy not fall to spoiling an
robbry, to th intnt thy might bring all things in common; an at
th last, without iscrtion or rvrnc, spar not in thir rag
to tak th king's most royal prson out of th Towr of Lon on, an
carri him about th city most prsumptuously, causing him, for th
prsrvation of his lif, to b agrabl to thir lw proclamations?
Di not also th traitorous hrtic, Sir John Ol castl, pitch a fil
against King Hnry th Fifth, against whom th king was constrain
to ncountr in his royal prson, to whom Go gav th victory? Alas!
Mastr Kingston, if ths b not plain prc nts, an sufficint
prsuasions to a monish a princ to b circumspct against th
smblabl mischif; an if h b so nglignt, thn will Go strik an
tak from him his powr, an iminish his rgality, taking from him his
pru nt counsllors an valiant captains, an lav us in our own han s
without his hlp an ai ; an thn will nsu mischif upon mischif,
inconvninc upon inconvninc, barrnnss an scarcity of all things
for lack of goo or r in th commonwalth, to th uttr struction
an solation of this nobl ralm, from th which mischif Go of his
tn r mrcy fn us.
"Mastr Kingston, farwll. I can no mor, but wish all things to hav
goo succss. My tim rawth on fast. I may not tarry with you. An
forgt not, I pray you, what I hav sai an charg you withal: for
whn I am a , y shall pra vntur rmmbr my wor s much bttr."
An vn with ths wor s h bgan to raw his spch at lngth, an
his tongu to fail; his ys bing st in his ha , whos sight fail
him. Thn w bgan to put him in rmmbranc of Christ's passion; an
snt for th abbot of th plac to annal[197] him, who cam with all
sp , an ministr unto him all th srvic to th sam blonging;
an caus also th guar to stan by, both to har him talk bfor
his ath, an also to witnss of th sam; an incontinnt th clock
struck ight, at which tim h gav up th ghost, an thus part h
this prsnt lif[198]. An calling to our rmmbranc his wor s, th
ay bfor, how h sai that at ight of th clock w shoul los our
mastr, on of us looking upon an othr, supposing that h prophsi
of his partur.
Hr is th n an fall of pri  an arrogancy of such mn, xalt by
fortun to honours an high ignitis; for I assur you, in his tim of
authority an glory, h was th haughtist man in all his proc ings
that thn liv , having mor rspct to th worl ly honour of his
prson than h ha to his spiritual profssion; whrin shoul b all
mknss, humility, an charity; th procss whrof I lav to thm
that b larn an sn in ivin laws[199].
Aftr that h was thus part , Mastr Kingston snt an mpost to th
king, to a vrtis him of th ath of th lat Car inal of York by on
of th guar , that both saw an har him talk an i. An thn Mastr
Kingston calling m unto him an to th abbot, wnt to consultation for
th or r of his burial.
Aftr ivrs communications, it was thought goo , that h shoul b
buri th nxt ay following; for Mastr Kingston woul not tarry th
rturn of th mpost. An it was furthr thought goo that th mayor
of Licstr an his brthrn shoul b snt for, to s him prsonally
a , in avoi ing of fals rumours that might hap to say that h was
not a but still living. Thn was th mayor an his brthrn snt
for; an in th man tim th bo y was takn out of th b whr h
lay a ; who ha upon him, nxt his bo y, a shirt of hair, bsi s his
othr shirt, which was of vry fin linn Hollan cloth; this shirt
of hair was unknown to all his srvants bing continually attn ing
upon him in his b chambr, xcpt to his chaplain, which was his
Ghostly Fathr; whrin h was buri , an lai in a coffin of boar s,
having upon his a corps all such vsturs an ornamnts as h was
profss in whn h was conscrat bishop an archbishop, as mitr,
crosss, ring, an pall, with all othr things appurtnant to his
profssion. An lying thus all ay in his coffin opn an barfac ,
that all mn might s him li thr a without figning; thn whn
th mayor, his brthrn, an all othr ha sn him, lying thus until
four or fiv of th clock at night, h was carri so own into th
church with grat solmnity by th abbot an convnt, with many torchs
light, singing such srvic as is on for such funrals.
An bing in th church th corps was st in our la y chapl, with
many an ivrs taprs of wax burning about th hars, an ivrs
poor mn sitting about th sam, hol ing of torchs light in thir
han s, who watch about th a bo y all night, whilst th canons
sang irig, an othr vout orisons. An about four of th clock
in th morning thy sang mass. An that on, an th bo y intrr ,
Mastr Kingston, with us, bing his srvants, wr prsnt at his sai
funral, an offr at his mass. An by that tim that all things wr
finish , an all crmonis that to such a prson wr cnt an
convnint, it was about six of th clock in th morning.
Thn prpar w to horsback, bing St. An rw's Day th Apostl, an
so took our journy towar s th court[200], bing at Hampton Court;
whr th king thn lay. An aftr w cam thithr, which was upon St.
Nicholas' Ev, w gav attn anc upon th council for our pch.
Upon th morrow I was snt for by th king to com to his grac; an
bing in Mastr Kingston's chambr in th court, ha knowl g throf,
an rpairing to th king, I foun him shooting at th roun s in th
park, on th backsi  of th gar n. An prciving him occupi in
shooting, thought it not my uty to troubl him: but lan to a tr,
intn ing to stan thr, an to attn his gracious plasur. Bing in
a grat stu y, at th last th king cam su nly bhin m, whr I
stoo , an clapp his han upon my shoul r; an whn I prciv him,
I fll upon my kn. To whom h sai , calling m by nam, "I will,"
quoth h, "mak an n of my gam, an thn will I talk with you:" an
so part to his mark, whrat th gam was n  .
Thn th king livr his bow unto th yoman of his bows, an wnt
his way inwar to th palac, whom I follow ; howbit h call for
Sir John Gag, with whom h talk , until h cam at th gar n postrn
gat, an thr ntr ; th gat bing shut aftr him, which caus m
to go my ways.
An bing gon but a littl istanc th gat was opn again, an
thr Sir Harry Norris call m again, comman ing m to com in to
th king, who stoo bhin th oor in a nightgown of russt vlvt,
furr with sabls; bfor whom I knl own, bing with him thr
all alon th spac of an hour an mor, uring which tim h xamin
m of ivrs wighty mattrs, concrning my lor , wishing that livr
than twnty thousan poun s that h ha liv . Thn h ask m for th
fiftn hun r poun s, which Mastr Kingston mov to my lor bfor
his ath. "Sir," sai I, "I think that I can tll your grac partly
whr it is." "Ya, can you?" quoth th king; "thn I pray you tll m,
an you shall o us much plasur, nor it shall not b unrwar  ."
"Sir," sai I, "if it plas your highnss, aftr th partur of
Davi Vincnt from my lor at Scroby, who ha thn th custo y throf,
laving th sam with my lor in ivrs bags, sal with my lor 's
sal, [h] livr th sam mony in th sam bags sal unto a
crtain prist (whom I nam to th king), safly to kp to his us."
"Is this tru?" quoth th king. "Ya, sir," quoth I, "without all
oubt. Th prist shall not b abl to ny it in my prsnc, for I
was at th livry throf[201]." "Wll thn," quoth th king, "lt m
alon, an kp this gar scrt btwn yourslf an m, an lt no
man b privy throf; for if I har any mor of it, thn I know by whom
it is com to knowl g."
"Thr may," quoth h, "kp counsl, if two b away; an if I thought
that my cap knw my counsl, I woul cast it into th fir an burn
it. An for your truth an honsty y shall b on of our srvants,
an in that sam room with us, that y wr with your ol mastr.
Thrfor go to Sir John Gag our vic chambrlain, to whom I hav
spokn alra y to giv you your oath, an to a mit you our srvant in
th sam room; an thn go to my Lor of Norfolk, an h shall pay you
all your whol yar's wags, which is tn poun s, is it not so?" quoth
th king. "Ys, forsooth, sir," quoth I, "an I am bhin throf for
thr quartrs of a yar." "That is tru," quoth th king, "for so w
b inform , thrfor y shall hav your whol yar's wags, with our
rwar livr you by th Duk of Norfolk." Th king also promis
m furthrmor, to b my singular goo an gracious lor , whnsovr
occasion shoul srv. An thus I part from him.
An as I wnt I mt with Mastr Kingston coming from th council, who
comman  m in thir nams to go straight unto thm, whom thy ha
snt for by him, "An in any wis," quoth h, "for Go 's sak, tak
goo h what y say; for y shall b xamin of such crtain wor s
as my lor your lat mastr ha at his partur, an if you tll
thm th truth," quoth h, "what h sai , you shall un o yourslf;
for in any wis thy woul not har of it: thrfor b circumspct
what answr y mak to thir man s." "Why, sir," quoth I, "how hav
y on thrin yourslf?" "Marry," quoth h, "I hav uttrly ni
that vr I har any such wor s; an h that opn th mattr first
is fl for far; which was th yoman of th guar that ro  mpost
to th king from Licstr. Thrfor go your ways, Go sn you goo
sp ; an whn you hav on, com to m into th chambr of prsnc,
whr I shall tarry your coming to s how you sp , an to know how
y hav on with th king."
Thus I part , an wnt irctly to th council chambr oor; an as
soon as I was com, I was call in among thm. An bing thr, my
Lor of Norfolk spak to m first, an ba  m wlcom to th court,
an sai , "My lor s, this gntlman hath both justly an painfully
srv th car inal his mastr lik an honst an ilignt srvant;
thrfor I oubt not but of such qustions as y shall man of him,
h will mak just rport, I ar un rtak th sam for him. How say
y, it is rport that your mastr spak crtain wor s, vn bfor
his partur out of this lif; th truth whrof I oubt not y know;
an as y know, I pray you rport; an far not for no man. Y shall
not n to swar him, thrfor go to, how say you, is it tru that
is rport ?" "Forsooth, sir," quoth I, "I was so ilignt attn ing
mor to th prsrvation of his lif than I was to not an mark vry
wor that h spak: an , sir, in  , h spak many i l wor s, as mn
in such xtrmitis o, th which I cannot now rmmbr. If it plas
your lor ships to call bfor you Mastr Kingston, h will not fail to
show you th truth." "Marry, so hav w on alra y," quoth thy, "who
hath bn hr prsntly bfor us, an hath ni uttrly that vr
h har any such wor s spokn by your mastr at th tim of his ath,
or at any tim bfor." "Forsooth, my lor s," quoth I, "thn I can say
no mor; for if h har thm not, I coul not har thm; for h har
as much as I, an I as much as h. Thrfor, my lor s, it wr much
folly for m to clar any thing of untruth, which I am not abl to
justify." "Lo!" quoth my Lor of Norfolk, "I tol you as much bfor;
thrfor go your ways:" quoth h to m, "you ar ismiss , an com
again to my chambr anon, for I must n s talk with you."
I most humbly thank thm, an so part ; an wnt into th chambr
of prsnc to mt with Mastr Kingston, whom I foun stan ing in
communication with an ancint gntlman, ushr of th king's privy
chambr, call Mastr Ra cliff. An at my coming, Mastr Kingston
man  of m, if I ha bn with th counsl; an what answr I ma 
thm. I sai again, that I ha satisfi thm sufficintly with my
answr; an tol him th mannr of it. An thn h ask m how I sp
with th king; an I tol him partly of our communication; an of his
grac's bnvolnc an princly librality; an how h comman  m
to go to my Lor of Norfolk. As w wr spaking of him, h cam from
th council into th chambr of prsnc; as soon as h spi m, h
cam unto th win ow, whr I stoo with Mastr Kingston an Mastr
Ra cliff; to whom I clar th king's plasur. Ths two gntlmn
sir him to b my goo lor . "Nay," quoth h, "I will b bttr unto
him than y wn; for if I coul hav spokn with him bfor h cam
to th king, I woul hav ha him to my srvic; (th king xcpt )
h shoul hav on no man srvic in all Englan but only m. An
look, what I may o for you, I will o it with right goo will." "Sir,
thn," quoth I, "woul it plas your grac to mov th king's majsty
in my bhalf, to giv m on of th carts an horss that brought up
my stuff with my lor 's (which is now in th towr), to carry it into
my country." "Ya, marry, will I," quoth h, an rturn again to
th king; for whom I tarri still with Mastr Kingston. An Mastr
Ra cliff, who sai , that h woul go in an hlp my lor in my suit
with th king. An incontinnt my lor cam forth, an show m, how
th king was my goo an gracious lor ; an ha givn m six of th
bst horss that I coul choos amongst all my lor 's cart horss,
with a cart to carry my stuff, an fiv marks for my costs homwar s;
an "hath comman  m," quoth h, "to livr you tn poun s for
your wags; bing bhin unpai ; an twnty poun s for a rwar ;"
who comman  to call for Mastr Scrtary to mak a warrant for all
ths things. Thn was it tol him, that Mastr Scrtary was gon to
Hanworth for that night. Thn comman  h on of th mssngrs of th
chambr to ri  unto him in all hast for thos warrants; an will
m to mt with him th nxt ay at Lon on; an thr to rciv both
my mony, my stuff, an horss, that th king gav m: an so I i ;
of whom I rciv all things accor ing, an thn I rturn into my
country.
An thus n  th lif of my lat lor an mastr, th rich an
triumphant lgat an car inal of Englan , on whos soul Jsu hav
mrcy! Amn.

_Finis quo G. C._

Who list to ra an consi r, with an in iffrnt y, this history,
may bhol th won rous mutability of vain honours, th brittl
assuranc of abun anc; th uncrtainty of ignitis, th flattring of
fign frin s, an th tickl trust to worl ly princs. Whrof this
lor car inal hath flt both of th swt an th sour in ach gr;
as flting from honours, losing of richs, pos from ignitis,
forsakn of frin s, an th inconstantnss of princs favour; of all
which things h hath ha in this worl th full flicity, as long as
fortun smil upon him: but whn sh bgan to frown, how soon was
h priv of all ths raming joys an vain plasurs. Th which
in twnty yars with grat travail, stu y, an pains, obtain , wr
in on yar an lss, with havinss, car, an sorrow, lost an
consum . O ma nss! O foolish sir! O fon hop! O gr y sir
of vain honours, ignitis, an richs! Oh what inconstant trust an
assuranc is in rolling fortun! Whrfor th propht sai full
wll, _Thsaurizat, t ignorat, cui congrgabit a_. Who is crtain
to whom h shall lav his trasur an richs that h hath gathr
togthr in this worl , it may chanc him to lav it unto such as
h hath purpos ? but th wis man saith, _That an othr prson, who
pra vntur h hat in his lif, shall spn it out, an consum it_.

THE END.
FOOTNOTES:
[44] Th autograph MS. bgins hr.
[45] H was born in th yar 1471. S Fi s's _Lif of Wolsy_, p.
2. 1726. By som it has bn sai that his fathr was a _butchr_,
but th foun ation for this assrtion is not known. Th zalous
biographr of th car inal, Mr. Grov, ma  two succssiv journys
to Ipswich for th purpos of obtaining information rspcting him,
but th whol fruit of both xp itions was ascrtaining th Christian
nam of Wolsy's fathr, an that h was a man of som substanc! H
print , howvr, what h calls "Th Lif of Robrt Wolsy, of Ipswich,
_Gntlman_," in 1761! Th will of Wolsy's fathr was publish by Dr.
Fi s, an for its curiosity I shall giv it a plac in th Appn ix.
[46] Th plac was Lymington, in th Diocs of Bath an Wlls. H was
institut Octobr 10, A. D. 1500. _Fi s_, p. 5.
[47] Th tra ition is, that Wolsy was st in th stocks by Sir Amyas
Pawlt's irction, for isor rly con uct at a fair whr h ha runk
to xcss. Th groun for this assrtion is not known, but it sms to
rst upon no arlir authority than that of Sir John Harrington. It may
b rmark that Storr, in his mtrical Lif of Wolsy, rprsnts him
as th injur party:
"Wrong' by a knight for no srt of min."
[48] Sptmbr, 1501.
[49] Fi s assrts that Sir John Nanfan was a Somrstshir gntlman.
Nash, in his History of Worcstrshir stats, that th fathr an
th son hav bn confoun  , an that it was Sir Richar Nanfan, a
gntlman of that county, who was captain of Calais about this tim, i.
. circa 1503. His son's nam was Sir John; but it is vi nt that th
wor s _a vry grav an ancint_ knight can only apply to Sir Richar .
[50] _Plac_, or _offic_.
[51] Wolsy ha not only th a rss an goo qualitis ncssary to
th acquisition of such frin s, but also rtain thm to th last.
Th affction of Bishop Fox is apparnt in th last lttr which h
wrot to him; an Sir Thomas Lovll's stm was manifst to th
clos of his lif, for h lavs him in his will "a stan ing cup of
gol , an on hun r marks in gol ."
[52] This mission rlat to th intn  traty of marriag btwn
Hnry th Svnth, an th Duchss Dowagr of Savoy.
[53] Shakspar rprsnts th car inal as "Exc ing wis, fair spokn
an prsua ing;" an on of th chargs xhibit against him was,
that "at th privy council h woul hav all th wor s to himslf, an
consum th tim with a fair tal!"
[54] _Dispatch._
[55] _Un rstan ing._
[56] Wor sworth's E .
[57] By _passngrs_ th ra r will s by th contxt that th
_passag boats_ ar mant. It was th usual phras to signify a
frryman, an also his boat, from _passagr_, Fr. Thus in Bart's
Alvari, "A _passngr_, on that convyth ovr many, convctor."
[58] Thomas Storr, in his mtrical Lif of Wolsy, 1599, has th
following stanza, in which th xp ition Wolsy us on this occasion
is not unpotically allu  to:
"Th Argonautic vssl nvr past
With swiftr cours along th Colchian main,
Than my small bark with fair an sp y blast
Convy' m forth, an rconvy' again;
Thric ha Arcturus riv'n his rstlss wain,
An hav'n's bright lamp th ay ha thric rviv'
From first partur, till I last arriv' ."
This pom was rprint by Mr. Park in th Supplmnt to th Harlian
Miscllany. Thr ar xtracts from it in th Rtrospctiv Rviw,
Vol. v. p. 275.
[59] H was collat Fb. 2. A. D. 1508. L Nv's _Fasti_. p. 146.
[60] Ths wor s follow in most of th manuscripts, but ar probably an
intrpolation: "an mothr aftrwar s of th qun's highnss, that now
is, (whos virtuous lif an go ly isposition Jsu long prsrv, an
continu against th malignity of hr corrupt nmis!)"
[61] This hous mrg to th crown by th attain r of Empson, an
appars to hav bn a princly wlling, for in th patnt, an orchar
an twlv gar ns ar numrat as blonging to it. Th grant bars
at in 1510. It stoo upon th groun which is now occupi by
Salisbury Squar an Dorst Strt, its gar ns raching to th banks
of th rivr.
[62] _Who ha ._ MS. L.
[63] _Was._ MS. L.
[64] Dr. Wor sworth has cit a passag from Sir Thomas Mor, in his
_Dialogu of Comfort against Tribulation_, in which is a livly an
charactristic pictur, " sign , no oubt, to rprsnt th car inal
at th ha of his own tabl." I coul not rfus myslf th plasur
of laying it bfor th ra r.
"_Anthony._ I pray you, cosyn, tll on. _Vincnt._ Whan I was fyrst
in Almain, uncl, it happ m to b somwhat favour with a grat
mann of th church, an a grat stat, on of th gratst in all
that country thr. An in   whosovr might spn  as much as
h might in on thing an othr, wr a ryght grat stat in any
country of Christn om. But glorious was h vry farr abov all
masur, an that was grat piti, for it y harm, an ma  him abus
many grat gyfts that Go ha  givn him. Nvr was h saciat of
haring his own prays.
So happ it on ay, that h ha in a grat au inc ma  an oracion
in a crtayn mattr, whrin h lik himslf so wll, that at his
inr h sat, him thought, on thorns, tyll h might hr how thy that
sat with hym at his bor , woul  commn it. An whan h ha sitt
musing a whil, vysing, as I thought aftr, uppon som prtty propr
way to bring it in withal, at th last, for lack of a bttr, lst
h shoul hav ltt th mattr too long, h brought it vn blontly
forth, an ask us al that satt at his bor s n (for at his own
mss in th mi s thr sat but himslf alon) how wll w lyk
his oracyon that h ha  ma  that ay. But in fayth Uncl, whan
that problm was onc propon , till it was full answr , no mann
(I wn) at on morsll of mat mor. Evry mann was falln in so
p a stu y, for th fyn yng of som xquisit prays. For h that
shoul  hav brought out but a vulgar an a common commn acion,
woul  hav thought himslf sham for vr. Than say  w our
sntncs by row as w sat, from th lowst unto th hyghst in goo
or r, as it ha bn a grat mattr of th comon wal, in a right
solmn counsayl. Whan it cam to my part, I wyll not say it, Uncl,
for no boast, m thought, by our La y, for my part, I quytt
my slf mtly wl. An I lyk my slf th bttr bcaus m
thought my wor s bing but a straungyr, wnt yt with som grac
in th Almain tong whrin lttyng my latin alon m list to shw
my cunnyng, an I hop to b lyk th bttr, bcaus I saw that
h that sat nxt m, an shoul sai his sntnc aftr m, was an
unlarn Prist, for h coul spak no latin at all. But whan h
cam furth for hys part with my Lor s commn ation, th wyly Fox,
ha  b so wll accustom in court with th craft of flattry that
h wnt byon  m to farr.
An that might I s by hym, what xcllnc a right man witt may
com to in on craft, that in al his whol lif stu yth an busyth
his witt about no mo but that on. But I ma  aftr a solmpn vow
unto my slf, that if vr h an I wr match togthr at that
boar  agayn: whn w shoul fall to our flattry, I woul flattr in
latin, that h shoul not contn  with m no mor. For though I coul
b contnt to b out runn by an hors, yt woul I no mor aby  it
to b out runn of an ass. But Uncl, hr bgann now th gam, h
that sat hyghst, an was to spak, was a grat bnfic man, an
not a Doctour only, but also somwhat larn in   in th laws of
th Church. A worl  it was to s how h mark vry manns wor 
that spak bfor him. An it sm that vry wor  th mor propr it
was, th wors h lik it, for th cumbranc that h ha to stu y out
a bttr to pass it. Th mann vn swtt with th labour, so that
h was fain in th whil now an than to wip his fac. Howbit in
conclusion whan it cam to his cours, w that ha spokn bfor him,
ha  so takn up al among us bfor, that w ha  not lft hym on
wy wor  to spak aftr.
_Anthony._ Alas goo mann! among so many of you, som goo flow
shol hav lnt hym on. _Vincnt._ It n  not as happ was Uncl.
For h foun out such a shift, that in hys flattryng h pass us
all th mayny. _Anthony._ Why, what say  h Cosyn? _Vyncnt._ By our
La y Uncl not on wor . But lyk as I trow Plinius tllth, that
whan Applls th Payntr in th tabl that h paynt of th sacryfyc
an th ath of Iphignia, ha  in th makyng of th sorowfull
countnancs of th othr nobl mnn of Grc that bhl  it,
spnt out so much of his craft an hys cunnyng, that whan h cam to
mak th countnanc of King Agammnon hr fathr, which h rsrv
for th last, ... h coul vis no manr of nw havy chr an
countnanc--but to th intnt that no man shoul s what manr
countnanc it was, that hr fathr ha , th payntr was fayn to
paynt hym, hol yng his fac in his han krchr. Th lik pagant in
a manr plai  us thr this goo auncint honourabl flattrr. For
whan h saw that h coul  fyn  no woor s of prays, that woul 
pass al that ha  bn spokn bfor all ra y, th wyly Fox woul 
spak nvr a wor , but as h that wr ravish unto havnwar 
with th won r of th wis om an loqunc that my Lor s Grac ha 
uttr in that oracyon, h ftt a long sygh with an Oh! from th
bottom of hys brst, an hl  upp both hys han s, an lyft upp
both his han s an lift upp his ha , an cast up his yn into
th wlkin an wpt. _Anthony._ Forsooth Cosyn, h plai  his part
vry proprly. But was that grat Prlats oracion Cosyn, any thyng
praysworthy?" _Sir Thomas Mor's Works_, p. 1221, 1222.
[65] _i.._ haughty.
[66] Jun 1513.
[67] 100 crowns a ay.
[68] "Havn an happinss trnal is ,
a

wic is ji
d i
iss,

 wic w ar i

i
ld, fr wic w
plad,
 wic w av rig
; frm w
c by i
jry a
d
racry w
av b
jc
d, a
d frm w
c _by fi
 frc_ w ar kp

: fr

is w d _clamar_, by
 Clrgy, r C
sl, i

 viw f Gd
a
d A
gls." _M

ag's Dia
rib p
Sld
's His
ry f Ti
s_, p.
130. _W._
[69] H was c
scra
d bisp f Li
cl
, Marc 26, A. D. 1514. _L
Nv's Fas
i_, p. 141. _W._
[70] Bambridg was pis
d (accrdi
g
 S
w) by Ri
ald da Md
a,
is caplai
, w was i
ci
d

 ac
by rv
g, avi
g sffrd

 i
dig
i
y f a blw frm
 arcbisp.

[71] Dr. Rbr

Bar
s pracd a Srm


 24
 f Dcmbr,
1525, a
S
. Edward's Crc i
Cambridg, frm wic Srm
cr
ai

Ar
icls wr draw

p
wic  was s
af
r calld
 mak
a
swr bfr
 Cardi
al. Bar
s as lf
bi
d im a dscrip
i
f

is  ami
a
i
. T si
 f
s Ar
icls was as fllws. "I wyll

vr blv
a

 ma
may b, by
 law f Gd, a Bysp f
w
r
r ci
is, ya f a
wl c

ry, fr i
is c

rary
 S
.
Pal, wic say
, _I av lf

 by
d,
 s
i
vry ci
y a
bysp_."
"I was brg
afr my Lrd Cardi
all i

 is Galary, (c

i
s Dr.
Bar
s), a
d
r  rad all my
 ar
icls,
yll  cam

is,
a
d
r  s
ppd, a
d sayd,
a

is
cd ym, a
d
rfr
 askd m, if I
g
i
wr
g,
a

 bysp sld av
s ma
y ci
ys 
dr
a
 ym; 

 wm I a
swrd,
a
I cld

far
r g,
a
S
. Pals

, wyc s
i
vry cy
y a bysp.
T
askd  m, if I
g
i

w 
rig
(si
g
 rdi
a
c
f
 Crc)
a

 bysp sld av s ma
y ci
is. I a
swrd

a
I k
w

 rdi
a
c f
 Crc, as c
cr
i
g
is
i
g,
b
S
. Pals sayi
g 
ly. Nvr
ls I did s a c

rary cs
m
a
d prac
is i

 wrld, b
I k
w


 rigi
all
rf. T

sayd ,
a
i

 Aps
ls
ym,
r wr dyvrs ci
is, sm
sv
myl, sm si myl l
g, a
d vr
m was
r s
b


bysp, a
d f
ir sbrbs als: s likwis
w, a bysp a

b

 ci
y
 is ca
drall crc, a
d
 c

ry ab
is as
sbrbs 

 i
. M
g

is was farr f
cd, b
I drs



d
y i
." _Bar
s's Wrks_, p. 210. A. D. 1573. _W._
[72] Tis was


 firs

im i
wic
is pi

f prcd
cy ad
b
c

s
d. Edward III, i

 si
 yar f is rig
, a
a
im
w
a similar dba
 was i
agi
a
i
, avi
g smm
d a Parliam

a

Yrk,
 Arcbisp f Ca

rbry, a
d all
 
r Prla
s f is
Prvi
c, dcli
d givi
g
ir a


da
c,
a

 M
rpli
a
f
all E
gla
d mig


b bligd
 sbmi
is Crss

a
f Yrk,
i

 Prvi
c f
 la

r. _F _, p. 387, 388. _W._

[73] Wlsy, i
is 
davrs
 b
ai

 prpl pall, ad rlid
mc 

 assis
a
c f Adria
, Bisp f Ba
, imslf a cardi
al,



 Pp's cllc
r i
E
gla
d, b
rsidi
g a
Rm, a
d
ac
i
g by Plydr Vrgil, is dp
y. Adria
bi
g i
r 
abl r

willi
g
 r
dr
  pc
d srvic, Wlsy, c
civi
g
a

 ad b
b
rayd, sizd p

 dp
y cllc
r, Plydr,
a
d cmmi

d im

 Twr, wr  rmai
d,

wi
s
a
di
g
rpa
d rm
s
ra
cs frm
 cr
f Rm, 

il
 lva
i
f
Wlsy

 cardi
ala
 prcrd is libr
y. Tis will acc

fr

 
favrabl lig

i
wic Wlsy is placd i
Plydr Vrgil's
His
ry.
[74] "N
farr 
lik

is was
 rcavi
g f
 Cardi
als
a

. Wic w
a rffia
ad brg



 im
 Ws
mi
s
r 
dr
is clk,  cl
d
 mss
gr i
ric aray, a
d s

im back

Dvr agai
, a
d appy

d
 Bisp f Ca

rbry
 m
im, a
d


a

r cmpa
y f Lrds a
d G

ls I w



w f
, r i

cam
 Ws
mi
s
r, wr i
was s

a cpbrd a
d
aprs ab
,
s
a

 gra
s
Dk i

 la
d ms
mak cr
si
r
: ya
a
d
 is mp
y sa
 bi
g away." _Ti
dal's Wrks_, p. 374. _F 's
Ac
s_, p. 902. _W._
[75] Dr. Fidds a
d Mr. Grv rmark,
a

is is a prjdicd
s
a
m

f
 cas, a
d
a
Cav
dis was misld by fals
i
frma
i
. I
ds

i
dd appar
a
Wlsy sd a
y i
dirc

ma
s
 sprsd Arcbisp Waram, a
d
 fllwi
g passags i

 crrsp
d
c f Sir Tmas Mr wi

 Amm
is sm
 prv

c

rary. Sir Tmas says: "T Arcbisp f Ca

rbry a
 a
l
g

rsig
d
 ffic f Ca
cllr, wic br

, as y k
w, _
ad s
r
sly 
davrd
 lay dw
fr sm yars_; a
d
 l
g
wisd fr r
ra
bi
g
w b
ai
d,  
jys a ms
plasa

rcss
i
is s
dis, wi

 agrabl rflc
i
f avi
g acqi

d
imslf 
rably i

a
ig s
a
i
. T Cardi
al f Yrk, _by

Ki
gs Ordrs_, sccds im; w discargs
 d
y f
 ps
s
c
spicsly as
 srpass
 ps f all,

wi
s
a
di
g
 gra

pi
i

y ad f is 
r mi


qali
is: a
d wa
was ms

rar,
 giv s mc c



a
d sa
isfac
i
af
r s  cll

a
prdcssr."
Amm
is, wri
i
g
 Erasms, says: "Yr Arcbisp, wi

 Ki
g's
gd lav, as laid dw
is ps
, wic
a
f Yrk, _af
r mc
impr

i
y_, as accp
d f, a
d bavs ms
ba
iflly."
[76] Tis is

icd by
 sa
iris
Ry, i
is i
vc
iv agai
s

Wlsy:
Bfr im ryd

w prs
s s
r
g,
A
d
y bar
w crsss rig
l
g,
Gapi
g i
vry ma
's fac:
Af
r
m fllw
w lay-m
sclar,
A
d ac f
m ldi
g a pillar
I

ir 
ds, i
s
ad f a mac.
T
fllw
 my lrd 
is ml
Trappd wi
 gld, &c.
Dr. Wrdswr
, misld by A
s
is, as rr
sly a

rib
d
is
sa
ir
 Skl

, c
f
di
g i
prbably wi

a
wri
r's
"Wy cm y


 cr
."
S

 a

 
d f
 Lif.
[77] Ev
s arly as
 rig
f H
ry III,
 a

al am

f

b
fics i

 a
ds f I
alia
s, i

is ki
gdm, was 70,000 marks;
mr
a

r
ims
 val f
 wl rv
 f
 crw
. _M.
Paris, i
Vi
. H
. III. A

. 1252._
_Wrdswr
._

[78] Ts ar

rmd _
dr pas
lrs_, i

 mr rc

MSS.
[79] T _Gspllr_ was
 pris
w rad
 Gspl. T
_Pis
llr_,
 clrk w rad
 Epis
l.
[80] _Rvs
ry_, frm
 Fr
c _Rvs
ir_; c

rac
dly wri



_Vs
ry_.
[81] Ts Lrds
a
wr placd i

 gra
a
d privy cambrs wr
_Wards_, a
d as sc paid fr
ir bard a
d dca
i
. I
will b
s
blw
a
 ad a par
iclar fficr calld "I
s
rc
r f is
Wards." _Grv._
[82] Am
g wm, as w sall s blw, was
 lds
s
f
 Earl
f Nr
mbrla
d. Tis was accrdi
g
 a prac
ic mc mr a
ci

a


im f Wlsy; agrably
 wic, y
g m
f
 ms

 al
d ra
k rsidd i

 familis f dis
i
gisd cclsias
ics,

dr
 d
mi
a
i
f pags, b
mr prbably fr
 prpss f
dca
i

a
f srvic. I

is way Sir Tmas Mr was brg
p

dr Cardi
al Mr

, Arcbisp f Ca

rbry; f wm  as giv
a
vry i

rs
i
g carac
r i
is U
pia. Frm Fidds's App
di


Lif f Wlsy, p. 19, i
appars
a

 cs
m was a
las
as ld
as

im f Grs
d, Bisp f Li
cl
, i

 rig
f H
ry III,
a
d
a
i
c

i
d fr sm
im dri
g
 sv



 c

ry.
I
a papr, wri


by
 Earl f Ar
dl, i

 yar 1620, a
d
i

i
ld _I
s
rc
i
s fr y my s
William, w
 bav yrslf
a
Nrwic_,
 arl cargs im, "Y sall i
all
i
gs rvr
c,

r, a
d by my Lrd Bisp f Nrwic, as y wld d a
y f
yr par

s: s
mi
g wa
svr  sall
ll r cmma
d y, as
if yr gra
dm
r f Ar
dll, yr m
r, r myslf sld say i
:
a
d i
all
i
gs s
m yrslf as my lrd's pag; a brdi
g, wic
y
s f my s, far sprir
 y, wr accs
md 

; as my
gra
dfa
r f Nrflk, a
d is br
r, my gd 
cl f Nr
amp

,
wr b
 brdd as pags wi
 bispps." S als Pal's _Lif f
Arcbisp Wi
gif
_, p. 97.
I
is


f plac
 m

i
, wa
w ar
ld by Sir Grg
Wlr i
is _Pr
s
a

M
as
ry_, p. 158. A. D. 1698. "I av
ard say, i


ims
 l
gr ag
a
Ki
g Carls I,
a
ma
y

blm
's a
d g

lm
's ss i

 c

ry wr lik acadmis,
wr
 g

lm
a
d wm
f lssr fr

s cam fr dca
i

wi

s f
 family; am
g wic
mbr was
 fams Sir
Bavill Gra
vill a
d is lady, fa
r a
d m
r f r prs

lrd
f Ba
." _W._
[83] Dr. Wrdswr
's di
i
says _
 
drd a
d ig
y_. T
ma
scrip
s diffr i
s
a
i
g

mbrs,
 di
i
f 1641 as
_ig

drd prs
s_. A
d, i
c
sq
c, Wlsy as b
s far
misrprs

d, by sm wri
rs, as
 av i
assr
d
a
 kp

_ig

drd srva

s_!
[84] A
Brgs, " was rcivd wi
 gra
slm
i
y, as bl
g



 s mig
y a pillar f Cris
s crc, a
d was sal
d a




ri
g i



w
 f a mrry fllw wic sayd, _Salv r rgis

i, a
q rg
i si_, Hayl b
 ki
g f
y ki
g, a
d als f is
ralm." _Ti
dal's Wrks_, p. 370, A. D. 1572.
[85] _Livris_, ar
i
gs _'livrd_, i. . dlivrd 
.
[86] Brad f
 fi
s
flr. _A cas
_ is a sar r all
m

.
[87] S r a
r, i
is _p
ical lg
d_, dwlls p

is rgal
pmp f is mas
r:
'My crssis
way
 f silvr l
g a
d gra
,
Ta
dayly bfr m wr carrid yg,
Up
gra
rss py
ly i

 s
r

;
A
d massi pillrs glrys

 y,
Wi
 plla s gyl

a

 ma
drs
cm
yg
My prs
c, I was s pry
cly
 bld;
 Ridy
g 
my ml
rappd i
silvr a
d i
gld.'
S App
di .
[88] T pillar, as wll as
 crss, was mblma
ical, a
d dsig
d

 imply,
a

 dig
i
ary bfr wm i
was carrid was a _pillar_
f
 crc. Dr. Bar
s, w ad gd ras
wy
s pillars sld
b pprms
i
is
g
s, gla
cs a

is mblm, i

 cas
f
 cardi
al, i

 fllwi
g wrds; "a
d y
i
ms
b
r,
bcas a _pillar f
 crc_ a
 spk
i
." _Bar
s' Wrks_, p.
210, A. D. 1572. S als _Ti
dal's Wrks_, p. 370. _W._
[89] I
was mad O
 f
 Ar
icls f Impacm

agai
s
im:
"Ta
by is 
rags Prid  ad gra
ly sadwd a l
g sas

is Grac's H
r." Ar
. XLIV. Sir Tmas Mr, w
Spakr f

Hs f Cmm
s,

ici
g a cmplai

wic ad b
mad by

cardi
al,
a


i
g cld b said r d
 i

a
s, b
i

was prs

ly sprad abrad, a
d bcam

alk f vry
avr
r
als, "Mas
rs, (says ) frasmc as my lrd cardi
all la
li
laid
 r cargs
 lig

s f r

gs fr
i
gs 

rd 

f
is s, i
sall

i
my mi
d b amiss
 rciv im wi

all is pmp, wi
 is macs, is pillrs, plla s, is crsss, is
a

, a
d
 gra
 sal
;

i



,
a
if  fi
d
 lik
fal
wi
 s raf
r, w mai b
 bldr frm rslvs
 lai

 blam 

s
a
is grac bri
g
 i
r wi
 im." _Rpr's
Lif f Sir Tmas Mr_, p. 21, di
. 1817. Sir Tmas als, i
is
Aplgy, wri


i

 yar 1533, rflc
s svrly p

 ca
g
i

rdcd am
g
 clrgy,
rg
 cardi
all's ma
s, i


l ry a
d smp
s
ss f
ir drss. _Wrks_, p. 892.
T plpi
likwis ccasi
ally raisd i
s vic agai
s
im. Dc
r
Bar
s, w was br

i
Smi
fild i

 yar 1541, pracd a
S
.
Edward's Crc i
Cambridg, a srm
, fr wic  was calld

appar bfr
 cardi
al. Tis was a par
f
ir dialg, as i

is rla
d i
F : "Wa
Mas
r Dc
r (said
 cardi
all) ad y


a sffici

scp i

 Scrip
rs

ac
 ppl, b

a

my gld
ss, my plla s, my pillrs, my gld
csi
s, my crss

did s sr ff
d y,
a
y ms
mak s _ridiclm cap
_ am
gs

 ppl? W wr jlily

a
day lagd
 scr
. Vrly i
was
a srm
mr fi

r
 b pracd 
a s
ag
a
i
a plpi
; fr
a

 las
y said I war a pair f _rdd_ glvs, I sld say
_bldi_ glvs (_q
 y_)
a
I sld

b cld i

 mids

f my crm
is. A
d Bar
s a
swrd, I spak


i
g b


r


f
 Scrip
rs, accrdi
g
 my c
sci
c, a
d accrdi
g


ld dc
rs." _F 's Ac
s_, p. 1088. _W._
T fllwi
g cris passag frm Dc
r Bar
s's 'SUPPLICATION TO THE
KING,' pri

d by Myddl

, i
12m, wi

da
, is prbably mr
crrc

a

  aggra
i
f
 gd ld mar
yrlgis
. I
p
s

 s, as Dr. Wrdswr
 js
ly rmarks, sm par
f
 pilspy
p
wic
 cardi
al df
dd
 fi

ss f
a
pmp a
d s
a

wic  mai

ai
d.
"Ti av _baclm pas
larm_

ak sp wi
, b
i
is


lik a sprds k, fr i

is i

rica
 a
d ma
ifld crkd,
a
d
r

 always i
, s
a
i
may b calld a mas, fr i
a


i
r bgi

i
g
r 
di
g, a
d i
is mr lik
 k
ck swi
 a
d
wlvs i

 ad wi
,
a


ak sp. _Ti av als pillrs
a
d plla s_, a
d 
r crm
is, wic
 db
 b b

rifls a
d

i
gs f
g
. I pray y wa
is
 cas
a
y call yr
s
aff a sprds s
aff? Y lp
 ma
wi
 i
? Y cmfr


ma
?--Y lif
p
 ma
wi
 i
? B
y av s
ryk
dw
 ky
gs,
a
d ky
gdms wi
 i
; a
d k
ckd i

 ad Dks a
d Earls wi

i
. Call y
is a sprds s
aff? Tr is a spac i


sprds s
aff fr
 f

 cm 
 agai
, b
yr s
aff

r

 a
d wi
d
 always i
ward a
d
vr 
ward, sig
ifii
g

a
wa
svr  b
a
cm
 wi
i
yr da
gr,
a
 sall

r cm 
 agai
. Tis  psi
i
yr dds d dclar, l

m b  ami
d
a
y av ad
 d wi
; a
d l
s s w
y
av scapd yr sprds k. B

s b
 ar
icls fr

 wic I ms

ds b a
r
ik,
vr
 lss all
 wrld
may s w samflly,
a
I av rrd agay
s
yr li
ss i

sayi
g

r
. _My Lrd Cardi
all ras
d wi
 m i

is ar
icl,
all
 
r  passd vr, savi
g
is a
d
 si
 ar
icl. Hr
did  ask, "if I
g
i
gd a
d ras
abl,
a
 sld lay
dw
 is pillrs a
d plla s a
d cy

m?"_ Hr is
 rsy

a
is s abmy
abl. _I mad im a
swr,
a
I
g
 i
wll
d
. "Ta
, (said ), w
y
k y, wr i
b

r fr m (bi
g
i

 
r a
d dig
i
i
a
I am)
 cy
 my pillrs a
d plla s
a
d
 giv
 m
y
 fiv r si  bggrs;
a
fr
 mai

ai


 cmm
wl
 by
m, as I d? D y

rck
(qd )

cmm
wl
 b

r
a
fyv r si  bggrs?"_ T
is I did a
swr

a
I rk
d i
mr

 
r f Gd a
d

 salva
i
f
is sl a
d als

 cmfr
 f is pr br
r

a

y
wr cy
d a
d giv
i
alms, a
d as fr
 cmm
wl
 dyd


a
g f
m, (wr b
y
w?) fr as is grac k
w,

cmm
wl
 was afr is grac, a
d ms
b w
is grac is g
,
a
d
 pillrs a
d plla s cam wi
 im, a
d sld als g away
wi
 im. N
wi
s
a
di
g yf
 cmm
wl
 wr i
sc a c
dici

a
i
ad
d f
m,
a
mig
is grac s l
g s
m, r
a
y 
r
i
g i

yr s
d, s l
g as
 cmm
wl

dd
m,
N
wi
s
a
di
g I sayd,
s mc dyd I

say i
my srm
agay
s

m, b
all 
ly I damp
d i
my srm

 grgs pmp a
d prid
f all 
rir r
am

s. Ta
 sayd, "Wll--y say vry wll."
B
as wll as i
was said I am sr
a

s wrds mad m a

r
ik, fr if
s wrds ad

b

ri
, mi
 advrsaris
drs

vr av swd
ir facs agai
s
m. B

w
y k
w
wll
a
I cld
vr b i
diffr

ly ard. Fr if I ad g


vic
ri
a
ms
all
 Bisps a
d my Lrd Cardi
al av laid dw

all
ir grgs r
am

s, fr
 wic
y ad ra
r br

sc r
iks as I am, as all
 wrld k
w
. B
Gd is mig
y,
a
d f m a
  swd is pwr, fr I dar say
y
vr i


dd

i
g mr i

ir livs,
a

y did
 ds
ry m, a
d y
Gd, f
is i
fi
i
 mrcy, a
 savd m, agay
s
all
ir vil
c: 

 is
Gdly wisdm is
 cas all 
ly k
w
. T Bysp f L
d

a

was

, calld T
s
al, af
r my dpar
i
g 
f pris
, sayd 

 a
sbs
a
cyal ma
,
a
I was

dd (fr I dar say is c
sci
c did


rck
m sc a
r
ik,
a
I wld av killd myslf, as

vyc w

, b
y
wld  av d
 i
gladly f is cary
) b

I was, said , i
Ams

rdam (wr I ad
vr b
i
my lyf, as
Gd k
w
,
r y
i

 C

ry
is

yars) a
d cr
ai
 m

dyd
r spak wi
 m (said ) a
d  fai
d cr
ai
 wrds
a

y sld say

 m, a
d I

m, a
d addd
r


a

 Lrd
Cardi
al wld av m agai
 r i
sld cs
 ym a gra
 smm f
m
y, w mc I d

clrly rmmbr. I av marvayl
a
my
Lrd is

asamd,
s samflly a
d
s lrdly
 ly, al
g
 mig
d i
by ac
ri
i. A
d wr my Lrd Cardi
al a
d  wld
sp
d s mc m
y
 av m agay
, I av gra
marvayl f i
,
Wa
ca

y mak f m? (I am
w r, wa
say y
 m?) I am a
sympl pr wr
c, a
d wr

 ma
s m
y i

 wrld (savi
g

irs)





 p
y
a

y will giv fr m, a
d
 br
 m
r
 ds
ry m, ca


s gra
ly prfy

m. _Fr w
I am dad,

 s

, a
d
 m
,
 s
arrs, a
d
 lm

, wa
r a
d fyr,
y a
d als s

s sall df
d
is cas agai
s

m ra
r
a

 vri
y sall pris._"
[90] _Cambrs_, sr
g
s, r ca


, s
a
di
g p

ir brci
g
wi

carriags, cifly sd fr fs
iv ccasi
s; a
d avi
g
ir

am ms
prbably frm bi
g li

l mr
a
_cambrs_ fr pwdr.
I
was by
 discarg f
s _cambrs_ i

 play f H
ry
VIII
.
a

 Glb Ta
r was br

i
1613. Sakspar fllwd
pr

y clsly

arra
iv f Cav
dis.
[91] _Mmca
c_ appars
 av b
a gam playd wi
 _dic_, a

wic sil
c was

 b bsrvd.
[92] _R
di
g_, sm
ims spl
_rw
i
g_, i. . _wispri
g_.
[93] "T ki
g gav gd
s
ym
y f is lv

is lady, cra
i
g
r i

 day Marqss f Pmbrk (
a
I may s
 wrds f

pa


) fr

byli
y f r s
ck,  cll
cy f r vir
s a
d
c
di
i
s, a
d 
r sws f 
s
y a
d gd
ss wr
yly
 b
cmm
dd i
r. A
d givi
g r a pa


fr a 1000 p
ds yrly

may

y

is 
r wi
. S was
 firs
wma
, I rad,
 av

r giv

 r a
d r yrs mal."
_Sir Rgr Twysd
's MS.

._

[94] "N
abv sv
yars f ag, A

 1514." as appars frm a
fragm

f
is lif wi


s by Sir Rgr Twysd
, f wic a fw
cpis wr pri

d i
1808, by Mr. Tripk, frm w
c als

fllwi
g

 is cpid.
[95] "I
sld sm by sm
a
s srvd
r i
Fra
c
sccssivly; Mary f E
gla
d maryd
 Lwis

wlf
, a
. 1514,
wi
 wm s w


f E
gla
d, b
Lwis dyi
g
 firs
f
Ja
ary fllwi
g, a
d
a
Q
 (bi
g)
 r
r
 m, s
r

a
i
r Sir Tmas Bll
r sm 
r f r fr
ds likd s
sld, s was prfrrd
 Clada, dag
r
 Lwis XII. a
d wif

Fra
cis I.

Q
 (i
is likly p

 cmm
da
i
f Mary

Dwagr), w

l
g af
r dyi
g, a
. 1524,

y
wary f Fra
c
s w


 liv wi
 Margri
, D
css f Ala

a
d Brry, a Lady
mc cmm
dd fr r favr
wards gd l

rs, b

vr 
g
fr
 Pr
s
a

rligi


i

 i
fa
cy--frm r, if I am


dcivd, s firs

lar


 gr
ds f
 Pr
s
a

rligi
; s

a
E
gla
d may sm
 w sm par
f r appy
ss drivd frm

a
Lady."

[96] Tis  prssi
, 
lss

 a
r imslf wr misi
frmd, ms


b 

dd
 imply a
absl
 prc

rac
. Lrd Hrbr
, i

is Lif f H
ry VIII. p. 448, as pblisd a
rigi
al l

r frm

is
blma
,

Earl f Nr
mbrla
d, wri


i

 yar 1536,
a sr

im bfr Q. A

's sffri
g, i
wic  d
is a
y sc
c

rac
, i

 ms
slm

rms. Tis l

r will b f
d i


App
di . _W._
I av placd
is l

r i

 App
di (L

r VIII) fr

c
v
i
c f
 radr.
[97] Gffry Bll
, a g

lm
f Nrflk, Mayr f L
d
, 1457,
marryd 
 f
 dag
rs a
d yrs f Tmas Lrd H a
d
Has
i
gs, by wm  ad William Blly
(k
ig
f
 Ba
 a

Ricard 3ds cr
a
i
) w marryd
 Earl f Orm
ds dag
r
(
g f Irla
d, sa
 i

 E
glis parliam

abv E
glis
Bar
s), by r  ad Tmas Bll
, wm
 Erl f Srry af
r
Dk f Nrflk cs fr is s
-i
-law; f wic marriag
is A


was br
, 1507.
_N
 frm Sir R. Twysd
's MS. Frag._

[98] Tis was

 Lady Mary Talb
, dag
r
 Grg Earl f
Srwsbry, by wm  ad
 iss. "Tg li

l crm
y, a
d

prbably as li

l
im, was sd i
pa
ci
g p
s
p
ials. As
mig
b  pc
d,
y wr ms

appy. S w ar
ld, 


a
ri
y f
 arl's w
l

rs, i

 vry labrd acc

f

 Prcy family giv
i
Clli
s' Prag, d. 1779, praps


bs
pic f family is
ry i
r la
gag. "H
ry,
 

rif
y
Earl f Nr
mbrla
d, did a
Hack
y i

 prim f lif, ab


r
wlv yars af
r  ad c
s

d

is marriag. Of
is

rm b
a vry small pr
i
was sp

i
cmpa
y f is lady. H
livd l
g 
g, wvr,


ly
 wi

ss
 ds
rc
i
f is
w
appi
ss, b

 sad
rmi
a
i
f A

 Bly
's lif. I


admirabl acc

f
 Prcy family, rfrrd
 abv,
 m

i

is mad f
 lady w, 

s
rms, c
s

d
 bcm C

ss
f Nr
mbrla
d, i
r l
g widwd. S sqs
rd rslf frm

 wrld a
Wrmill, 

 ba
ks f
 Drbysir Wy, amids

sm f
 sblims
sc
ry f
 Pak. Wrmill is ab
ig


mils frm Sffild, wr Lady Nr
mbrla
d's fa
r, br
r, a
d

pw, sccssivly Earls f Srwsbry, sp


 gra
r par
f

ir livs."

_W wr
 Cav
dis's Lif f Wlsy?_ p. 30.
T radr will b plasd
 rfr



 as i

w s
a
ds i

Mr. H

r's Essay, prfi d

 prs

di
i
. H
i
ks
a

_Wrsill_, a
d

_Wrmill_, ms
b ma

, as
r is
 
r
vid
c
 sw
a
Lady Prcy ad a s a
Wrmill.
[99] i. . _fmd_. Tis m
aprical s f
 wrd as

ccrrd

 m lswr.
[100] T carms f A

 ad als a

rac
d Sir Tmas Wya

, a
d
sm f is pms vid

ly alld
 is passi
;  was af
rwards
clsly qs
i
d as


a
r f is i

imacy wi
 r. A vry
cris
arra
iv f sm par
iclars rla
i
g

is a

acm

, frm

 p
f a dsc
da

f
 p
, as fr

a
ly b
prsrvd
am
g
 MS. cllc
i
s f Lwis
 a

iqary. A fw cpis f
is
mmir wr pri

d i
1817, b
as i
as s
ill alms

 rari
y f
a ma
scrip
, I sall 
ric my App
di by rpri

i
g i
as a ms

cris a
d valabl dcm

rla
i
g

is v

fl prid f r
is
ry.
[101] I

 vry i

rs
i
g mmir f A

 Bly
, by Grg Wya
,
wic
 radr will fi
d i

 App
di ,
 q
's prd

c
dc

is m

i
d, a
d
 fllwi
g a
cd
 rla
d: 'Ts
i
gs bi
g
wll prcivd f
 q
, wic s k
w wll
 fram a
d wrk r
adva

ag f, a
d
rfr
 f

r ad r (i. . A

 Bly
) a

cards wi
 r,
 ra
r als
a

 ki
g mig
av
 lss r
cmpa
y, a
d
 lady
 mr  cs
 b frm im, als s s
m
rslf
 ki
dlir sd, a
d y
wi
al
 mr
 giv
 ki
g
ccasi

 s

ail p
r fi
gr. A
d i

is 

r
ai
m

,
f
im
y ad a cr
ai
gam,
a
I ca



am,

frq

d,
wri
dali
g,
 ki
g a
d q
m
i
g
y s
p
; a
d
 y
g
lady's ap was, mc
 s
p a
a ki
g. Wic
 q


i
g, said

r, playflly, '_My Lady A

, y av gd ap
 s
p a
a ki
g,
b
y ar lik 
rs, y will av all r

_.'
[102] Y


i
g ca
b mr s
r
g
a
r  prssi
s f gra
i
d
a
d affc
i


 cardi
al a

is prid w
is assis
a
c was f
impr
a
c
 r viws. Tw l

rs f rs

 cardi
al av b

pblisd by Br

, I. 55, [s r App
di , L

r XI.] i
wic s

says: "all
 days f my lif I am ms
b
d f all cra
rs


 ki
g's grac
 lv a
d srv yr grac; f
 wic I bsc
y
vr
 db

a
vr I sall vary frm
is
g
as l
g as
a
y bra
 is i
my bdy. A
d as
ci
g yr grac's
rbl wi


 swa
, I
a
k r Lrd
a

m
a
I dsird a
d prayd fr
ar scapd, a
d
a
is
 ki
g a
d y. A
d as fr
 cmi
g f

Lga
, I dsir
a
mc, a
d if i
b Gd's plasr, I pray im

 s
d
is ma

r sr
ly
 a gd 
d, a
d

I
rs
, my lrd,

 rcmp
s par

f yr gra
pai
s." I
a

r l

r s says:
"I d k
w
 gra
pai
s a
d
rbls
a
y av
ak
fr m,
b
 day a
d
ig
, is
vr lik
 b rcmp
sd 
my par
, b
al

ly i
lvi
g y


 ki
g's grac abv all cra
rs livi
g."
I
a
ird l

r, pblisd by Fidds, "I am b
d i

 ma

im

 w y my srvic: a
d

lk wa

i
g i

 wrld I ca

imagi

 d y plasr i
, y sall fi
d m
 gladds
wma

i

 wrld
 d i
, a
d




 ki
g's grac, f 

i
g I
mak y fll prmis
 b assrd
 av i
, a
d
a
is my ar
y
lv 
fig
dly dri
g my lif." I
sld sm,
rfr, 
lss
w spps r
 av b
i
si
cr i
r  prssi
f gra
i
d,

a
r a
imsi
y did

prcd frm a
y displasr a

 rp
r
f
 affair wi
 Lrd Prcy; b
frm sbsq

cass. S was
prbably wrkd p
by
 cardi
al's 
mis i

 cr
.
[103] T
am f
is prs
was Giva

i Jacci
 Passa
, a
G
s;  was af
rwards calld Sig
r d Va . T mprr, i

appars, was i
frmd f is bi
g i
E
gla
d, a
d fr wa

prps.
T cardi
al s
a
d
a
Jacci
 cam vr as a mrca

, a
d
a

as s
as  discvrd imslf

 b s

by
 Lady Rg

f
Fra
c,  ad mad d Pra
(
 mprr's ambassadr) privy
r
,
a
d likwis f
 a
swr giv

 r prpsals. T air f mys
ry
wic a

acd

is missi

a
rally cra
d sspici
, a
d af
r a
fw m

s, D Pra
, i
is l

rs

 mprr, a
d
 Margar
,

 gvr
ss f
 N
rla
ds,  prssd is appr
si

a
all
was

rig
, a
d
 ras
s fr is srmiss. His l

rs wr
i

rcp
d by
 cardi
al, a
d rad bfr
 c
cil. Carls a
d
Margar
cmplai
d f
is i
sl
, a
d
 cardi
al  plai
d as wll
as  cld. A

 sam
im pr
s
i
g agai
s

 misrprs

a
i

f D Pra
, a
d assri
g
m
a


i
g cld b fr
r frm is
wis
a

a
a
y dis
i
sld aris b
w

 ki
g is mas
r
a
d
 mprr; a
d

wi
s
a
di
g
 sspicis aspc
f
is

ra
sac
i
, is dispa
cs b
 immdia
ly bfr a
d af
r
is
fracas s
r
gly crrbra
 is assr
i
s. [S addi
i
al

 a



d f
 Lif.] Wlsy sspc
d
a

 Pp was i
cli
d
ward

 cas f Fra
cis, a
d rmi
dd im,

rg
 Bisp f Ba
, f
is bliga
i
s
 H
ry a
d Carls. T Pp ad alrady
ak


alarm, a
d ad mad
rms wi

 Fr
c ki
g, b
ad i
ds
risly
c
cald i
frm Wlsy, a
d a
l
g
 rgd i
is  cs
a

ad
 al
r
a
iv. Jacci
 was agai
i
E
gla
d p
a diffr

missi
, a
d was a
ywi

ss f
 mla
cly c
di
i
f

cardi
al w
is fr

s wr rvrsd. H sympa
isd wi
 im,
a
d i

rs
d imslf fr im wi
 Fra
cis a
d
 Q
Dwagr, as
appars by is l

rs pblisd i
_Lgra
d, His

ir d Divrc d
H
ri VIII._
[104] Dr. Fidds as js
ly bsrvd,
a
Cav
dis, i
is acc

f

s
ra
sac
i
s, assr
d sm
i
gs


ly wi

sffici

a
ri
y, b
c

rary

 vid
c f dcm

s wic  as
addcd. By
s i
appars,
a
if
r was a
y dlay i


spplis prmisd 

 par
f E
gla
d i
was prly accid

al;
a
d
a

 rmiss
ss f
 mprr
 fr
is is q
a was

pri
cipal cas f
 
rmi
y
 wic
 Dk f Brb
's army
was rdcd. Cav
dis is als wr
g i
is rla
i
f
 sig f
Pavia a
d i
s c
sq
cs. T fac
is,
a

 Dk f Brb
did


cmma
d i


w
, b
marcd a

 ad f
 imprial army

 rliv i
; a
d
 garris
did

sally 


il

w armis
wr 
gagd. T dm
s
ra
i
s f jy wi
 wic
 vic
ry a
Pavia
was rcivd i
L
d
is als a
argm

fr
 si
cri
y f H
ry
a
d
 cardi
al a

is
im. T s
ry f

ra
y b
w
H
ry
a
d Fra
cis, said
 av b
f
d i




f
 la

r af
r

 vic
ry, is als a mr fic
i
. I

 spiri
f a
r s
f

Aps
lic Crc, Cav
dis dprca
s vry
i
g wic mig


d

 bri
g
 Pp i

 jpardy; a
d  ca


lp bari
g ard v

p

 cardi
al, bcas  was
g
i
dirc
ly
 cas 'f all

is _miscif_.' Wa

is r said rcivs c
firma
i
frm sm
i

rs
i
g l

rs f
 cardi
al i

 App
di
 Gal
's Lif f
Wlsy, N. IV. V. VI. p. c iv, &c. 4
 di
i
, L
d. 1812.
[105] Ts i

rigs, i
wic
 cardi
al br s larg a par
, did


rd
d

 glry f is c

ry. Or mrry
igbrs v



ad bg

 mak r diplma
ic i
friri
y
 sbjc
f
ir spr

a
d ridicl. William Ti
dall, i
is _Prac

ic f ppis Prla
s_,
rfrri
g

s v

s,
lls s, "T Fr
cm
f la
 days mad
a play r a disgisi
g a
Paris, i
wic
 mprr da
sd wi


pp a
d
 Fr
c ki
g, a
d wrid
m,
 ki
g f E
gla
d si

i
g

a y b
c, a
d lki
g 
. A
d w
i
was askd, wy  da
sd


, i
was a
swrd,
a
 sa

r, _b

 pay
 mi
s
rls

ir wags 
ly_: as w sld say, w paid fr all m
s da
ci
g."

_Ti
dall's Wrks_, p. 375. A. D. 1572. _W._
[106] A _brak_ r sms
 sig
ify a _s
ar_ r _
rap_. T wrd as
mc pzzld
 cmm

a
rs 
Sakspar (S Masr fr Masr,
Ac
II. Sc. 1). O
 f i
s a

i

sig
ifica
i
s was a _sarp bi
_

 brak rss wi
. A farrir's _brak_ was a maci

 c
fi
 r

ramml
 lgs f 
rly rss. A
a

i

i
s
rm

f
r
r was
als calld _a brak_; a
d a
r
y _brak_ ma

a
i

rica

ick

f
r
s. Sakrly Marmi
, i
is cmdy f 'Hlla
d's Lagr',
vid

ly ss
 wrd i

 sam s
s wi
 Cav
dis:
"-------Hr I'll mak
A s
al
 ca
c
is cr
ir i
_a brak_."

[107] T 3d Day f Jly (1526),

 Cardi
al f Yrk passd
rg

 Ci
y f L
d
, wi
 ma
y lrds a
d g

lm
,


mbr f

wlv 
drd rs----T 11

 day f May 
k sippi
g a
Dvr,
a
d la
dd a
Calais
 sam day.
 _Graf

_, p. 1150.

[108] _La
z
-K
c
s_,

am by wic
s ba
ds f Grma

mrc
aris wr

dsig
a
d.
[109] Cav
dis ss
is wrd agai
i
is pms:
"Wri
was f
d a cr
y
_dfs_ clas
Wrs
d by craf

 a mal i



." p. 139.
S _F 's Ac
s_, &c. p. 1769:
"_Ck._ T
a
swr m, Wa
says



 blssd sacram

f

 al
ar? Tll m:

"_Jacks
._ I a
swrd; i

is a _diffs_ qs
i
,
 ask m a


firs
das, y prmisi
g
 dlivr m." S als p. 1574. "_Diffs_
a
d _difficl
_."
I
appars
 av b
sd i

 s
s f _bscr_, b
_difficl
_
is
 radi
g f Grv's di
i
. I fi
d _diffsd_  plai
d by
C
grav "_diffs_, _spars_, OBSCURE." A
d i
a La
i
Grk a
d
E
glis L ic
by R. H


, pri

d a
L
d
by H. By

ma
, 1583,

 La
i
advrb, _bscr_, is i

rpr
d "darkly, bscrly,
DIFFUSELY."
[110] T gra
sal cld

b carrid 
f
 ki
g's dmi
i
s
wi

vila
i
g
 law; l

rs pa


wr passd
 
abl Dr.
Taylr
 ld i
i
is abs
c.
[111] _S
radi
s a
d Arb
is._ Ts wr lig
armd cavalry, said by
Gicciardi
i
 av b
Grk mrc
aris i

 srvic f V
ic,
r
ai
i
g
ir Grk
am . Abenos s Alb n ns,
_Alb nos_, FR. The followng p ss ge fom _Nco
Theso de l L ngue
F nose, ed. 1606. fol._ wll fully expl n
hs:
"A psen
on pelle en p 
cule _Alb nos_ ces hommes de chev l
mez l lge, u
emen
d
S

o
e, ou _S
 do
s_ (p  l
consonne moyenne), qu po
en
les ch pe ux h u
e
es
e, desquels
on se se
pou chev ux lges, qu vennen
dud
p ys d'Alb ne,
don
les P pes se seven
encoe de ce
emps s g nsons de pluseus
vlles du S n
sge, _Alb n, olm Epo
_."
[112] In lke m nne, we s w, l

le bove,
h

C l s he g ve
"benedc
on nd p don." Fom le

e
o
he c dn l, fom Humfey
Monmou
h, confned n
he Towe on suspcon of heesy, we m y g
he
wh
no
on w s en
e
ned, even by comp 
vely enlgh
ened men,
of
he effc cy of
hese p dons. "If I h d boken mos
p 
of
he
Ten Comm ndmen
s of God, beng pen
en
nd confessed (I should be
fogven) by e son of ce
n p dons
h
I h ve,
he whch my
comp ny nd I h d g un
ed, wh n we wee
Rome, gong
o Jeus lem,
of
he holy f
he
he pope, _ pn e
culp _, fo ce
n
mes n

he ye : nd
h
, I
us
n God, I eceved
E s
e l s
p s
.
Fu
hemoe I eceved, when you g ce w s l s

P wles, I
us
n
God, you p don of _ pn _ _e
culp _;
he whch I beleve vely,
f I h d done neve so ge
offences, beng pen
en
nd confessed,
nd xng fogveness,
h
I should h ve fogveness." _S
ype's
Eccles s
. Memo._ vol. . p. 248. Appendx. The c dn l h d lso
bull g n
ed by Pope Leo X
h. A. D. 1518.
o gve n ce
n c ses nd
cond
ons plen y emsson fom ll sns. _Fddes_, p. 48. Appendx.
_W._
[113] Among o
he ds
ngushed honous confeed by F ncs upon

he C dn l w s
he sngul  pvlege of p donng nd ele sng
psones nd delnquen
s confned n
he
owns
hough whch he
p ssed, n
he s me m nne s
he kng hmself w s used
o do:
he only
culp
s excluded fom
he powe of p don gven hm by
hs p
en

wee
hose gul
y of
he mos
c p
l cmes.
[114] . e. _Sw
zes_. C vendsh evels n hs subsequen
descp
on
of
he _
ll Sco
s_ who fomed
he Fench kng's body gu d.
[115]
Whose mule f 
should be sold
So g yly
 pped w
h velve
nd gold
And gven
o us fo ou sch e,
I dus
ensue
he one
hng
As fo compe
en
lyvynge
Ths seven ye e we should no
c e.
_Roy's S
e._
In
he pc
ue of
he Ch mps de d p d'o, whch h s been eng ved by

he Soce
y of An
qu es,
he c dn l ppe s moun
ed on chly
c p soned mule.
[116] A pevous nego

on of sngul  n
ue h d been begun, fo

he Bshop of B
h w
es
o
he c dn l n M ch, 1527,
h
"F ncs
s vey desous
o h ve
he Pncess M y, nd
o h ve he delveed
n
o hs h nds s soon s
he pe ce s concluded. Ou kng pe
ends
he non ge, nd wll h ve ll, penson, &c., concluded fs
. The
Queen Regen
s e nes
lso fo
he pesen
m  ge: S yng
hee
s no d nge, fo she heself w s m ed
x. And fo
hs m
ch

hee mgh
be devce
o s
sfy bo
h sdes, s yng
he pncess
wll be well
ow d x by Augus
. A

h

me bo
h pnces should
mee

C l s w
h sm ll comp ny nd ch ge,
hee he son, f
e

he m  ge solemnzed, mgh

bde hmself fo n hou o less w
h
my L dy Pncess; she s d
he kng he son w s m n of honou nd
dsce
on, nd would use no volence, espec lly
he f
he nd mo
he
beng so ngh; me nng,
h
_con
us d copul m cum ll , qu es

poxm pube

, puden
 supplen
e

em_, should m ke evey
hng
sue
h
ne
he p 
y should now v y. So
he kng he son mgh

be ssued of hs wfe, nd Kng Heny c y b ck hs d ugh

e
ll
she should be ccoun
ed moe ble, &c. Ths ove
ue ou mb ss dos

hnk vey s
 nge." _Fddes Collec
ons_, p. 176. The Bshop of B
h
e
uned n
o Engl nd soon f
e
he c dn l wen
on hs msson,
o
el
e
o Heny
he couse dop
ed by
he c dn l n
e
ng w
h
F ncs, nd lso
o expl n
o hm ce
n devces concenng hs own
sece
m

es. _M. M s
e's Collec
ons._
[117] Sknne expl ns
hs wod, _ cu
n_. I
evden
ly sgnfes
hee n enclosed o dvded sp ce o se
, deco
ed w
h ch
d pees o cu
ns. In no
he pl ce we h ve _
 vese of
s sene
_, whch confms Sknne's expl n
on.
[118] Gses, geeses, o _s
eps_, fo 
w s spel
v ous w ys
ccodng
o
he c pce of
he w
e, fom
he L
n _gessus_.
[119] The _oodelof
_ w s
he pl ce whee
he coss s
ood; 
w s
gene lly pl ced ove
he p ss ge ou
of
he chuch n
o
he ch ncel.
[120] The p ss ge w
hn b cke
s s no

o be found n ny of
he moe
ecen
MSS., no n D. Wodswo
h's ed
on.

[121] E smus, n le

e
o Ale nde, dwells w
h delgh
upon
hs
cus
om:
"Qu nqu m s B
nn do
es s
s penosses F us
e, n
u l
s
pedbus, huc ccuees; e
s pod g
u non snee
, Dd lum
e
fe op
es. N m u
e plubus unum qudd m

ng m. Sun
hc
nymph dvns vul
bus, bl nd e, f cles, e
qu s
u
us C mns
f cle n
epon s. _Es
p
ee mos nunqu m s
s l ud
us_: Sve
quo ven s omnum osculs excpes; sve dsced s lquo, osculs
dem

es: eds? eddun

u su v ; ven
u d
e? popn n
u su v :
dsced
u bs
e? dvdun
u b s : occu
u lcub? b s
u
ff
m: denque, quocunque
e move s, su voum plen sun
omn . Qu
s
u, F us
e, gus
sses semel qu m sn
mollcul , qu m f g n
 ,
pofec
o cupees non decennum solum, u
Solon fec
, sed d mo
em
usque n Angl peegn ." _E sm Eps
ol._ p. 315, ed
. 1642.
"I
become
h n

heefoe
he pesones elgous
o folowe _
he m ne
of secul  pesones_,
h
n
hey congesses nd commune me
yngs o
dep 
yng done use
o kysse,
ke h nds, o such o
he
ouchngs,
h

good elgous pesones shulde u

ely voyde." _Why

fod's Pype of
Pefec
on._ fol. 213. b. A. D. 1532. _W._
[122] Ths n me s spel
_Ceeky_ nd _Cykky_ n
he u
og ph MS. In
Wodswo
h's ed
on 
s Cokey. Gove h s 
_Cockly_, nd
wo of

he MSS. copes _Cok_. I know no

whe
he I h ve dvned
he
ue
o
hog phy, bu

hee w s noble f mly of
hs n me

he
me.
[123] _Evensong._ "Whch pesons fo
he w 
ng befo noon h
h
lcence
f
enoon
o go bou

he own busness fom
he s de noon

o j of
he clocke
h
evensong begn."
_No
humbel nd Household Book_, p. 310.

[124] The sh lme, o sh wm, w s wnd ns

umen
lke h u
boy, w
h
swellng po
ube nce n
he mddle. In "Commenus's Vsble Wold,"

 nsl
ed by Hoole, 1659,
he L
n wod _gng s_ s
 nsl
ed by
sh wn, nd
he fom of
he ns
umen
s epesen
ed s below. I
s
pope n me ppe s
o h ve been _sh wme_; 
s deved fom
he
Teu
onc. D y
on men
ons 
s shll-
oned: 'E'en fom
he shlles

_sh um_ un
o
he con mu
e.'
_Polyolbon_ v. v. p. 376.
[Illus

on]

[125] _Now_, Wodswo

h's ed
. The p ss ges w
hn b cke
s whch
follow e no
found n ny o
he m nuscp
: sp ce lmos
lw ys
m kng
he defcency of
hs el
on, nd
he succeedng ccoun
of

he lbels of
he Fench g ns

he c dn l.

[126] C
hene Rene, one of
he d ugh
es of Lous
he Twelf
h. I

does no
seem
h

hs expos
on of
he c dn l's vews n eg d

o
he unon of Heny w
h
hs pncess, n c se of dvoce, wee
w
hou
found
on, fo he pesu ded hmself
h
Heny's p sson fo
Anne Boleyn would soon subsde, nd
hough

hs ll nce sue mode
of pepe
u
ng
he pe ce nd unon be
ween
he soveegns. The o
he
p 
of
he sse
on w s poved
ue by
he subsequen

e
y, n
whch 
w s geed
h

he Pncess M y should m y e
he F ncs,
o
he Duke of Ole ns;
he fs
f he should em n wdowe un
l
she w s of suffcen
ge,
he second f 
seemed expeden

h

F ncs should keep hs f 

h
o
he empeo, nd m y hs ss
e
Leono ,
o whom he w s con
 c
ed by
he Te
y of M dd. Hence
he
necess
y of keepng
hese desgns sece
, nd
he c dn l's nge

he developemen
.
[127] Ths p ss ge s
nds n
he odn y MSS., nd n D. Wodswo
h's
ed
on, n
he followng bdged nd confused m nne. The

 nscbes of
he MSS. ppe 
o h ve been sensble
h

he copy
w s defec
ve, fo n seve l of
hem one o
wo bl nk le ves e hee
lef
.
"Now sho
ly f
e
hee wee dves m lcous p c
ces pe
ended
g ns
us by
he Fench, who by
he
hef
somewh
mp ed us:
wheeupon one of
hem, beng m n I w s well cqu n
ed w
h,
m n
ned sed
ous un
u
h, openly dvulged, nd se
fo
h by
sub
le nd
 
oous subjec
of
he e lm, s yng lso
h

he doub
ed no
, bu

he lke h d been

emp
ed w
hn
he kng of
Engl nd hs m jes
y's domnons; bu

o see so open nd m nfes

bl sphemy
o be openly punshed, ccodng
o
he
 
oous dese
s,
no
w
hs
ndng I s w bu
sm ll edess."
[128] The
wen
e
h of Oc
obe, A. D. 1527. The emb ss dos wee
he
M ch l de Mon
moency,
he Bshop of B yonne,
he Pesden
of Rouen,
nd Monseu d'Humees.
[129] The book of ceemones (compled unde
he nfluence of
he
Bshops G dne nd Tons
ll, nd n oppos
on
o
h
of C nme,
bou

he ye  1540, nd desgned
o e
n n
he chuch m ny opeose
nd supes

ous 
es, by se

ng
hem off w
h
he ds of
phlosophc l nd sub
le n
epe

on), descbng n successon

he dffeen
p 
s of
he C non of
he M ss, poceeds
hus, "Then
s 
h
he pes
_
hce_, _Agnus De, qu
olls pecc
mund, &c._
dve
sng us of _
hee_ effec
s of Chs
's p sson; wheeof
he
_fs
_ s, delve nce fom
he msey of sn;
he _second_ s fom
p n of evel s
ng d mn
on; wheefoe he s 
h
wce _Mseee
nobs_,
h
s
o s y, _H ve mecy on us_; nd
he _
hd_ effec
s,
gvng of evel s
ng pe ce, conss
ng n
he gloous fu
on of
God." _S
ype's Eccles s
c l Memo ls_, Vol. . p. 289. Recods. See
lso _Mo of ou L dy_. fol. 189, nd _Becon's Woks_. Vol. .
fol. 49. A. D. 1564. _W._
[130] These cupbo ds o 
he sdebo ds of pl
e wee necess y
ppend ges
o evey splendd en
e
nmen
. The fom of
hem somewh

esembled some of
he old cumbous c bne
s
o be found s
ll n
ncen
houses on
he con
nen
. Thee w s successon of s
ep-lke
s
ges, o desks, s C vendsh c lls
hem, upon whch
he pl
e w s
pl ced. The e de wll h ve be

e concep
on
h n descp
on
c n convey of
hs pece of n
en
os
en

on, fom pn
n
vey cuous wok by Julo Bello, en

led LAUREA AUSTRIACA:
_F ncof._ 1627, folo, p. 640. Whee ou Kng J mes I. s epesen
ed
en
e
nng
he Sp nsh mb ss dos n 1623.
[131] _Pof ce._ An expesson of welcome equv len

o Much good
m y 
do you! M. S
eevens conjec
ued 

o be fom
he old Fench
expesson, '_Bon pou leu f ce_,' whch s
o be found n Co
g ve
_n voce_ PROU. Ths w s h ppy conjec
ue of M. S
eevens, fo M.
N es h s pon
ed ou

s
ue ogn n
he old Nom n-Fench o
Rom nce l ngu ge: 'PROUFACE souh 
qu veu
de, ben vous f sse,
_pofc
_.' ROQUEFORT. _Gloss e de l L ngue Rom ne._
[132] 'M demoselle de Boul n l fn y es
venue, e
l' le Roy loge
en fo
be u logs, qu'l f 
ben ccous
e
ou
ups du sen,
e
luy es
l cou f c
e odn emen

ous les jous plus gosse que
de long
emps ne fu
f c
e l Royne.'
_Le

e de l'Evesque de' B yonne._

[133] I
s ques
on of f c
whch h s been w mly deb
ed, whe
he

he suff ges of
he Unves
es n Heny's f vou wee puch sed by
money. I
does no
seem vey necess y
h
_we_ should en
e n
o
hs
dspu
e. Bu
ny one who wshes so
o do, m y consul
_Bune
's Hs
.
of
he Refom
on_, Vol. . p. 401, Appendx. _H me's Specmen of
Eos_, p. 7. _Fddes's Lfe of Wolsey_, p. 420. _Pol Eps
ol_, Vol.
. p. 238. A. D. 1744. _W._
[134] Egh
of
hese de
emn
ons soon f
e wee pn
ed n one
volume, w
h long Dscouse n suppo
of
he judgmen
s con
ned
n
hem, unde
he followng

le: "The De
emn
ons of
he mos
e
f mous nd mos
e excellen
Unves
es of I
ly nd F unce,
h


s so unlefull fo m n
o m y hs Bo
he's Wyfe,
h

he Pope
h
h no powe
o dspence
heew
h: mpn
ed by Thom s Be
hele

he
v
h d y of Novembe, 1531." They wee lso publshed n L
n: n
whch l ngu ge
hey e exhb
ed by Bshop Bune
n hs _Hs
. of
he
Refom
on_, Vol. . book . No. 34. Recods. _W._
[135] . e.
he _Bull _ o P p l se l. The p ss ge m ked w
h * *
con
ns
hee wods whch I could no
decphe.
[136] Doc
o _S
ephen_ G dne, f
ew ds Bshop of Wnches
e,


hs
me n ge
es
m
on w
h Wolsey. In le

es nd o
he
documen
s of
hs peod he s of
en c lled Doc
o _S
evens_. M.
G nge n
he
hd vol. of Bshop Bune
's Hs
. of
he Refom
on,
p. 385, Appendx, n
m
es
h

hs w s colloqu l vulg sm;
"_vulg ly_, s S
ephen G dne w s M. _S
evyns_, n Wolsey's
Le

e." Bu

s ques
on ble, I
hnk, whe
he
hs s
he
ue
ccoun
of
h
n me. The bshop hmself, n hs Decl 
on of hs
A
cles g ns
Geoge Joye, A. D. 1546, fol. 3. b. of
he 4
o
ed
on,
hus spe ks of 
, " booke, wheen he wo
e, how Doc
o
_S
evens_ (by _whche n me_ I w s _
hen_ c lled) h d deceyved hm."
In Doc
o B nes' ccoun
of hs ex mn
on befoe
he bshops

Wes
mns
e, he c lls G dne "Doc
o S
ephen
hen sece
y."
[137] The e de m y consul
Bune
's Hs
. of
he Refom
on, Vol.
. p. 46-48. The bshop ffms pos
vely
h

he kng dd no

ppe  peson lly, bu

by poxy; nd
h

he queen w
hdew f
e
e dng po
es
g ns

he compe
ency of he judges. "And fom
hs

s cle  (s ys
he bshop),
h

he speeches
h

he hs
o ns
h ve m de fo
hem e ll pl n f ls
es." I
s e sy
o con
 dc

he confden
ffm
on of
he hs
o n upon
he u
ho
y of
documen
publshed by hmself n hs Recods, . 78. I
s le

e
fom
he kng
o hs gen
s, whee he s ys: "A
whch
me bo
h we
nd
he queen ppe ed n peson, nd
hey mndng
o poceed fu
he
n
he c use,
he queen would no longe m ke he bode
o he  wh

he judges would fully descen, bu

ncon
nen
ly dep 
ed ou
of
he
cou
; wheefoe she w s
hce peconns
e, nd c lled ef
soons
o
e
un nd ppe ; whch she efusng
o do, w s denounced by
he
judges _con
um x_, nd c

on decened fo he ppe  nce on
Fd y." Whch s coobo
ed lso by _Fox's Ac
s_, p. 958. Indeed
he

es
mony fo
he peson l ppe  nce of
he kng befoe
he c dn ls
s supsngly poweful; even
hough we do no
go beyond C vendsh,
nd
he o
he odn y hs
o ns. Bu
n dd
on
o
hese, D.
Wodswo
h h s poduced
he u
ho
y of Wll m Thom s, Clek of
he
Councl n
he egn of Kng Edw d VI, well nfomed w
e; who,
n pofessed Apology fo Heny VIII, ex
n
n MS. n
he L mbe
h
nd some o
he lb es, spe kng of
hs ff  ffms, "
h

he
C dn l (C mpeggo) c used
he kng s pv
e p 
y n peson
o
ppe  befoe hm, nd
he L dy K
h ne bo
h." P. 31.
[138] H ll h s gven dffeen
epo
of
hs speech of
he queen's,
whch he s ys w s m de _n Fench_, nd
 nsl
ed by hm, s well s
he could, fom no
es
ken by C dn l C mpeggo's sece
y. In hs
veson she ccuses Wolsey w
h beng
he fs
move of he
oubles,
nd epo ches hm, n b

e
ems, of pde nd volup
uousness: such
h sh l ngu ge could h dly deseve
he p se '_modes
e
men e m
locu
um fusse_,' gven by C mpeggo.
[139] See _Neve's Anm dvesons on Phllps's Lfe of C dn l Pole_,
p. 62.
[140] No
hng of
hs knd s
o be found n
he joun l of
hs
emb ssy, o n
he le

es of
he bshop nd hs comp nons, whch h ve
been peseved, nd m ny of whch h ve been publshed by _Le G nd,
Hs
oe du Dvoce de Hen VIII._
[141] "In M nuscp
Lfe of S Thom s Moe, w

en no
m ny
ye s f
e Longl nd's de
h,
hs ccoun
s gven. 'I h ve he d
D. D yco
,
h
w s hs (Longl nd's) ch pl n nd ch ncello, s y,

h
he once
old
he bshop wh
umou  n upon hm n
h
m

e;
nd desed
o know of hm
he vey
u
h. Who nsweed,
h
n vey
deed he dd no
be k
he m

e f
e
h
so
, s s s d: bu

he
kng b ke
he m

e
o hm fs
; nd neve lef
ugng hm un
l he
h d won hm
o gve hs consen
. Of whch hs dongs he dd foe
hnk
hmself, nd epen
ed f
ew d.' MSS. Coll. Em n. C n
b." B ke's
No
es on _Bune
's Hs
. of
he Refom
on_: n Bune
, Vol. . p.
400, Appendx. The s me Lfe s mong
he MSS. n
he L mbe
h Lb y,
No. 827, (see fol. 12), nd, I h ve e son
o
hnk, w s composed
bou

he ye  1556, nd by Ncol s H psfeld. Fom
hese concuen

es
mones 
should ppe ,
h

he ch ge whch h s been of
en
uged g ns
Wolsey,
h

w s
hough hs n
gues
h
Longl nd
fs
sugges
ed hs scuples
o
he kng, s unfounded. _W._
Wolsey w s

he
me loudly pocl med s
he ns
g
o of
he
dvoce, nd
hough he dened 
upon some occ sons, he dm

ed 

on o
hes; bu
C dn l Pole sse
s
h

w s fs
sugges
ed by
ce
n dvnes whom Anne Boleyn sen

o hm fo
h
pupose. I
s
em k ble
h
he s ys
hs when w
ng
o
he kng, nd would suely
no
h ve ven
ued
o s y so f he h d no
h d good gounds fo
he
sse
on.
[142] July, 1529.
[143] Ths de
emn
on of C mpeggo w s n consequence of sece

ns
uc
ons fom
he pope (unknown
o Wolsey),

he ns
nce of
he
empeo, who h d pev led upon
he pon
ff
o djoun
he cou
nd
emove
he c use
o Rome.

[144] These poceedngs led

he w y
o
he nex
ge
s
ep n
he
pogess of
he Refom
on,
he enunc
on of
he pope's u
ho
y,
nd
he es
blshmen
of
he eg l supem cy. The followng ccoun
,
fom n unpublshed
e
se, of
he m nne n whch
hese ques
ons
wee fs
bough

o
he kng's mnd (whe
he u
hen
c o no
) m y
no
be un ccep
ble
o my e des.
"Now un
o
h
you s y,
h
bec use Pope Clemen
would no
dspense
w
h hs second m
mone, hs m jes
e ex
ped ou
of Engl nd
he
p p l u
ho
e,
hnge of mos
uncen
nd godly eveence s you

ke 
, I unswe e
h
f
e
he knges hghness h d so ppe ed n
peson befoe
he C dn l C mpego, one of
he pnces of hs e lm,
n med
he _Duke of Suffolk_, ge
wse m n, nd of moe f ml 
e
w
h
he knge
h n ny o
he peson, sked hs m jes
e, 'how
hs
m

e mgh
come
o p sse,
h
pnce n hs own e lme should so
humble hmself befoe
he fee
of vle, s
 nge, v
ous pes
,'
(fo C mpego
hee n Engl nd deme ned hmself n vey deed mos

c n lly -- --). Wheeun

o
he kng unsweed, "he could no

ell;
bu
only
h

seemed un
o hm,
he sp
u l men ough

o judge
sp
u l m

es; nd ye
s you s ye (s d
he kng) me seeme
h
hee
should be somewh
n 
, nd I would gh
gl dly undes
nd, why nd
how, wee 
no

h
I would be lo
h
o ppe e moe cuous
h n
o
he pnces." "Why, s (s yd
he duke), you m jes
e m y c use
he
m

e
o be dscussed sece
ly by you le ned men, w
hou
ny umou

ll." "Vey well (s yd
he knge), nd so 
sh ll be." And
hus
nsped of God, c lled he dvese of hs
us
y nd ge
doc
ous
un
o hm; ch gng
hem ds
nc
ly
o ex mne, _wh
l we of God should
dec
so c n l m n s C mpego, unde
he n me of sp
u l,
o
judge kng n hs owne e lme_. Accodng un
o whose comm ndmen
,

hese doc
os eso
ng
oge
he un
o n ppon
ed pl ce, dspu
ed
hs
m

e _l ge e
s
c
e_, s
he c se equed. And s
he bl cke by

he wh
e s knowen, so by confeng
he oppos
ons
oge
he, 

ppe ed
h

he ev ngelc l l we v ed much fom
he c non l wes n

hs pon
e. So
h
n effec
, bec use
wo con
 es c nno
s
nd
_n uno subjec
o, eodem c su e

empoe_,
hey wee cons
 ned
o
ecue un
o
he knges m jes
es ple sue,
o knowe whe
he of
hese

wo l wes should be pefeed: who smlng

he gno nce of so fonde
ques
on unswe ed,
h

he Gospell of Chs
ough

o be
he
bsolu
e ule un
o ll o
hes; comm ndng
hem
heefoe
o followe

he s me, w
hou
eg d e
he
o
he cvle, c non, o wh
soeve
o
he l we. And hee beg n
he qucke: fo
hese doc
ous h d no soone

ken
he Gospel fo
he bsolu
e ule, bu

hey found
hs popsh
u
ho
e ove
he knges nd pnces of
hs e 
h
o be usuped."
_Wll m Thom s's Apology fo Kng Heny
he Egh
h_, w

en A. D.
1547. p. 34. L mbe
h Lb y. MSS. No. 464. _W._
[145] The hs
oy nd occ son of
hs ge
oblg
on of
he Duke
of Suffolk
o
he c dn l, who pl nly n
m
es
h
bu
fo hs
n
epos
on
he duke mus
h ve los
hs lfe, does no
ppe 
o be
known
o
he hs
o ns. See _Fddes's Lfe of Wolsey_. p. 454. _W._
A w
e n
he Gen
lem n's M g zne fo 1755 (D. Pegge), who ppe s

o h ve p d much

en
on
o
he C dn l Wolsey's hs
oy, sugges
s

h
Wolsey w s
he me ns of b
ng
he nge of Heny

he m  ge
of Suffolk w
h hs ss
e M y Queen of F nce, whch mgh
h ve been
m de
e son ble offence. A le

e fom M y
o Wolsey, d
ed M ch
22, 1515, f
e he m  ge w
h Suffolk, whch s s
ll ex
n
n
he
Co

on Collec
on, gves some pob bl
y
o
hs conjec
ue.
[146] . e. D. S
ephen G dne.
[147] . e. The se son of hun
ng, when
he h 
s n _ge se_ o
full se son. D. Wodswo
h's ed
on nd
he moe ecen
m nuscp
s
e d--' ll _
h
_ se son.'

[148] The followng dd

on l p 
cul s of
he ou
e e found
n moe ecen
MSS. "And wee lodged
he fs
ngh


owne n
Bedfodshe, c lled Legh
on Buss de, n
he p son ge
hee, beng
M. Doc
o Ch mbes's benefce,
he kngs phs
 n. And fom
hence

hey ode
he nex
d y."
[149] The kng h d ls
ened
o
he sugges
ons g ns

he
c dn l, nd
hey fel
ssued of success;
hey e epesen
ed by
n eyew
ness, s bo s
ng openly
h

hey would humble hm nd ll
chuchmen, nd spol
hem of
he we l
h: "L f n
se de ces
segneus es
, que lu mo
ou un ls dfeen
ncon
nen
cy
l'es

de l'eglse, e
pendon

ous leus bens; qu'l seo
j
besong que je le msse en chffe, c  ls le cen
en pl ne
ble."
_L'Evesque de B yonne, Le G nd_, Tom. . p. 374.

[150] "Le ps de son m l es

, que M demoselle de Boulen f c

pome

e son Amy qu'l ne l'escou

e j m s p le; c  elle pense
ben qu'l ne le pouo
g de d'en vo p
."
_Le

e de l'Eveque de B yonne p. Le G nd_, Tom. . p. 375.

The m no of THE MOOR w s s
u
e n
he p sh of Rckm nswo
h, n
He
fodshe;
he s
e s s
ll c lled Moo P k. I
w s puch sed
nd
he house bul
by Geoge Nevlle, Achbshop of Yok. Edw d
he
fou
h h d pomsed
o m ke
h
pel
e vs

hee, nd whle he
w s m kng su
ble pep 
ons
o eceve hs oy l m s
e he w s
sen
fo
o Wndso, nd es
ed fo hgh
e son. The kng sezed


he Moo ll hs ch s
uff nd pl
e
o
he v lue of 20,000_l._
keepng
he chbshop psone
C l s nd H mmes. _S
owe_, A^o.
1472. Thee w s suvey of
he house n 1568, by whch 
ppe s
he
m nson w s of bck,
he chef buldngs fomng squ e cou
, whch
w s en
eed by g
e-house w
h
owes:
he whole w s mo
ed. I
w s

hen n dl pd

ed s

e.

[151] "Le C dn l C mpge es

encoes Douves, e
ces
e heue
(je) vens d'en
ende que, soubz couleu de f u
e de N ves, on ne le
veul
l sse p sse, s ns y pende vs, de p eu qu'l n'empo
e le

hso du C d. d'Yoc."

_Le

e de l'Evesque de B yonne, pud Le G nd Hs

. du Dvoce._

[152] The Tem

hen beg n
he nn
h of Oc
obe.
[153] Eshe.
[154] The Egh
een
h Novembe, 1529.
[155] Ths nven
oy s peseved mong
he H le n MSS. No. 599.
[156] These wods follow n
he moe ecen
MSS. "Ye

hee w s l de
upon evey
ble, bokes, m de n m nne of nven
oes, epo
ng
he
numbe nd con
en
s of
he s me. And even so
hee wee bokes m de
n m nne of nven
oes of ll
hngs hee f
e ehe sed, wheen
he
oke ge
p nes
o se
ll
hngs n ode g ns

he kng's
commng."
[157] B udkyn, clo
h m de p 
ly of slk nd p 
ly of gold. Deved
fom _B ld cc _, n Oen
l n me fo B bylon, beng bough
fom

hence.--"_B ldeknum_--p nnus omnum d

ssmus, cujus, u
po
e
s
men ex flo _ u_, sub
egmen ex _seco_
ex
u, plum o opee
n
e
ex
us." _Duc nge Gloss . n voce._ I
some
mes s used fo
_c nopy_ o _clo
h of s

e_.
[158] The n me of C dn l Wolsey's fool s s d
o h ve been "M s
e
Wll ms, o
hewse c lled P
ch." An nquy n
o
hs vey cuous
fe
ue n
he domes
c m nnes of
he ge
n ncen

mes could no

f l
o be vey n
ees
ng. M. Douce h s gl nced

he subjec
n
hs Illus

ons of Sh kspe e; nd g ve hs fends e son
o hope
fo moe enl ged nquy
fu
ue peod: 
would ffod me e l
ple sue
o he 
h
hs n
en
ons wee no
fn lly b ndoned.
[159] The Bshop of B yonne, who p d hm vs
of commse
on

hs peod, gves

he followng ffec
ng pc
ue of hs ds
ess,
n mos
n
ees
ng le

e whch wll be found n

he Appendx; he
s ys: "J' y es
vo le C dn l en ses ennus, o que j'y y
ouv
_le plus g nd ex mple de fo
une qu' on ne s uo
vo_, l m'
emons
 son c s en l plus m uv se h
oque que je vs j m s,
_c  cueu e
p olle luy f lloen
en
emen
_; l ben pleu e

p que le Roy e

M d me voulsssen
vo p
 du luy--m s l m'
l fn l ss s ns me povo de us
e chose qu v lls
meux que
son vs ge; qu es
ben dechue de l mo
 de jus
e ps. E
vous
pome
s, Monsegneu, que s fo
une es

elle que ses ennems, encoes
qu'ls soyen
Anglos, ne se s uoyen
g de d'en vo p
, ce
nonobs
n
ne le l sseon
de le pousuve jusques u bou
." He
epesen
s hm s wllng
o gve up evey
hng, even
he sh
fom
hs b ck, nd
o lve n hem
ge f
he kng would dess
fom hs
dsple sue.
[160] D. Wodswo
h's ed
on nd
he l
e m nuscp
s e d:
"_whch h d bne s
 nge sgh
n hm foe_;" bu

hs c n h dly
be gh
? The splendou of Comwell's subsequen
fo
unes,
he

 gc l close, nd
he pomnen
fgue he m kes n
he even
s of
hs
egn, whch e mong
he mos
mpo
n
of moden hs
oy, gves

hs ccums
n
 l ccoun
ge
degee of n
ees
. Hs f
he
w s bl cksm
h
Pu
ney,
he son w s fs
n gen

o n Englsh
f c
oy
An
wep,
hen
oope n
he Duke of Boubon's my, nd
w s pesen


he s ckng of Rome. I
ppe s
h
he sss
ed M.
Russell ( f
ew ds E l of Bedfod), n m kng hs esc pe fom
he
Fench
Bologn , nd 
s pob bly
o
hs ccums
nce
h
he
owed
he fendly offces of
h
gen
lem n
subsequen
peod.
Af
e p ssng some
me n
he coun
ng-house of Vene
 n mech n
,
he e
uned
o Engl nd nd s
uded
he l w. Wolsey, 
ppe s, fs

me
w
h hm n F nce, nd soon m de hm hs pncp l gen
n
he
dssolu
on of mon s
ees nd
he found
on of hs colleges. I
w s

us
whch he dsch ged w
h bl
y, nd s s d
o h ve enched
hmself; ye
he hee compl ns
h
he "neve h d ny pomo
on

he c dn l's h nds

o
he nce se of hs lvng." And he
ells
he
c dn l n hs
oubles,
h
"
he solc
ng hs c use h
h been vey
ch ge ble
o hm, nd he c nno
sus
n 
ny longe w
hou
o
he
espec

h n he h
h h d hee
ofoe." He s ys, "I m
hous nd pounds
wose
h n I w s when you
oubles beg n." And f
e nnouncng
he
kng's de
emn
on
o dssolve
he c dn l's colleges, he s ys:
"I n
e
you g ce
o be con
en
, nd le
you pnce execu
e hs
ple sue."
C dn l Pole el
es
h
he openly pofessed
o hm hs M ch vel n
pncples; he h d le ned, he s d, "
h
vce nd v
ue wee
bu
n mes, f
ndeed
o muse
he lesue of
he le ned n
he
colleges, bu
pencous
o
he m n who seeks
o se n
he cou
s
of pnces. The ge

of
he pol
c n w s, n hs judgmen
,
o
pene

e
hough
he dsguse whch soveegns e ccus
omed
o

how ove
he e l ncln
ons, nd
o devse
he mos
specous
expeden
s by whch
hey m y g
fy
he ppe

es w
hou
ppe ng

o ou
 ge mo l
y o elgon." He sh ed l gely n
he publc odum
n whch
he c dn l w s held, nd Pole, who w s
hen n London, s ys

h

he people loudly cl moued fo hs punshmen
.
[161] The d y f
e 
ppe s Comwell w s
cou
, nd sough
n
udence fom
he kng, whch w s g n
ed hm; C dn l Pole, who h d

he ccoun
fom Comwell hmself nd o
hes who wee pesen
, el
es

h
upon
hs occ son Comwell sugges
ed
o
he kng mode of
ovecomng
he dffcul
y of
he pope's oppos
on
o
he dvoce, by

kng
he u
ho
y n
o hs own h nds, nd decl ng hmself he d of

he chuch w
hn hs own e lm. The kng g ve e 
o
he popos
on,
nd w s so well ple sed w
h Comwell,
h
he
h nked hm, nd
dm

ed hm
o
he dgn
y of pvy counsello. Ths w s
he fs

s
ep;
o c y n
o effec

hs pojec
hs sss
nce w s deemed
necess y, nd he ved
leng
h
o
he hghes
honous of
he
s

e; bu

l s
bec me
he vc
m of hs own M ch vel n n
gues,
nd
he vndc
ve sp
of
he mon ch. I
h s been doub
ed whe
he
Comwell deseves
he ced
of

chmen

o hs f llen m s
e
o
he
whole ex
en
whch some w
es h ve supposed. I
s evden
, fom

he vey n
ees
ng conves
on bove,
h
he desp ed of eve
seeng Wolsey ens

ed n hs fo
unes, nd he w s
oo sub
le n hs
polcy
o h ve ende voued
o swm g ns

he s
e m of cou
f vou.
Th

he c dn l suspec
ed hs fdel
y
o hs c use s evden

fom f gmen
s of
wo le

es publshed by Fddes mong M. M s

e's
collec
ons, n one of whch Comwell s ys: "I m nfomed you g ce
h
h me n some dffdence, s f I dd dssemble w
h you, o pocue
ny
hng con
 y
o you pof
nd honou. I much muse
h
you
g ce should so
hnk o suspec

sece
ly, consdeng
he p ns I
h ve
ken, &c. Wheefoe I beseech you
o spe k w
hou
f nng, f
you h ve such conce
,
h
I m y cle  myself; I eckoned
h
you
g ce would h ve w

en pl nly un
o me of such
hng, 
he
h n
sece
ly
o h ve msepesen
ed me. Bu
I sh ll be  you g ce no less
good wll. Le
God judge be
ween us! Tuly you g ce n some
hngs
oveshoo
e
h youself;
hee s eg d
o be gven
o wh

hngs you
u

e, nd
o whom."
The c dn l, n nswe
o
hs, po
es
s: "
h
he suspec
s hm no
,
nd
h
m y ppe  by hs deeds, so
h
he use
h no m n's help no
counsel bu
hs. Compl n
ndeed h
h been m de
o hm,
h
Comwell
h
h no
done hm so good offces s he mgh
concenng hs colleges
nd chbshopck; bu
he h
h no
beleved
hem; ye
he h
h sked of

he common fends how Comwell h

h beh ved hmself
ow ds hm; nd

o hs ge
comfo
h
h found hm f 
hful. Wheefoe he beseeche
h
hm, w
h weepng
e s,
o con
nue s
edf s
, nd gve no ced

o

he f lse sugges
ons of such s would sow v  nce be
ween
hem, nd
so le ve hm des

u
e of ll help."
Bu

he
es
mony of C vendsh n hs f vou s conclusve; he s ys

h
, by e son of "hs hones
beh vou n hs m s
e's c use, he gew
n
o such es
m
on n evey m n's opnon,
h
he w s es
eemed
o be

he mos
f 
hfulles
sev n

o hs m s
e of ll o
he, wheen he
w s of ll men ge
ly commended."
[162] In _pe se_, . e.
he _pess_ o _cowd_.
[163] A w
e befoe c
ed (D. Pegge), s of opnon
h

he House
of Commons could no
do o
hewse
h n cqu
hm, no
w
hs
ndng
he
v ld
y of seve l of
he 
cles lleged g ns
hm, bec use he h d
e
he suffeed
he l w fo
hem le dy, o
hey wee no
suffcen
ly
poved: ndeed some of
hem wee no
pope gounds of censue.
'Wolsey s ys of
hese 
cles hmself, "wheeof ge
p 
be
un
ue: nd
hose whch be
ue e of such so
,
h
by
he dong

heeof no m lce o un
u
h c n be ec
ed un
o me, ne
he
o
he
pnce's peson no
o
he s

e." The ejec
on of
he bll m y be
jus
ly scbed
o
he elen
men
of
he kng, fo Comwell would no

h ve d ed
o oppose 
, no
he Commons
o ejec

, h d
hey no

eceved n n
m
on
h
such w s
he oy l ple sue.'

[164] Dung
he vs
of
he Empeo Ch les V.
o Heny VIII. "on
Mond y
nne of
he clocke
ngh
, w s begun b nque
, whch
endued
ll
he nex
monng

hee of
he clocke,

he whch
b nque

he empeo,
he kng, nd
he Queene dd w sh
oge
he,
he
Duke of Buckngh m gvng
he w
e,
he Duke of Suffolke holdng
he

owel. Nex

hem dd w she _
he Lod C dn ll_,
he Queene of F unce,
nd
he Queene of A gon. A
whch b nque

he empeo kep

he
es

e,
he kng s

ng on
he lef
h nd, nex
hm
he Fench Queene;
nd on
he o
he sde s
e
he Queene, _
he C dn ll_, nd
he Queene
of A gon; whch b nque
w s seved by
he empeo's owne sev n
s."
_S
owe's Ann ls_, p. 510. ed
. 1615. _W._
[165] Ths ns
umen
s publshed by Fddes n hs Collec
ons, p. 224.
[166] The ngush nd nxe
y he suffeed m y be seen by
he le

es
w

en

hs peod
o hs old sev n
s Comwell nd G dne; I
h ve pl ced
hem n
he Appendx, s necess y llus

on of
hs
ffec
ng pc
ue.
[167] In n ex
 c
fom le

e
o Comwell, publshed by Fddes,
he
c dn l s ys: "My feve s somewh
ssw ged, nd
he bl ck humou
lso, howbe
I m en
eng n
o
he k lends of moe d ngeous
dse se, whch s
he dopsy, so
h
f I m no
emoved n
o dye
, nd
h
sho
ly,
hee s l

le hope." And n le

e
o
G dne, whch wll be found n
he Appendx, he epe
s hs wsh
o
be emoved fom Ashe: "Con
nung n
hs mos
e nd coup
ye,
beyng en
eyd n
he p sson of
he dopsy, _Appe

us e
con
nuo
nsomno_, I c nno
lyve: whefo of necessy
e I mus
be emoved
o
some dye ye nd pl ce."
[168] _S
uff_ w s
he gene l
em fo ll knd of _move bles_ o
b gg ge. See
he ns
umen
of
he kng's benef c
on
o
he c dn l
f
e hs fofe
ue by
he pemune, n Ryme's Fde , nd n
Fddes' Collec
ons. The e de wll fnd
he _Schedule_ whch w s
ffxed
o 
, n ou Appendx.
[169] "Fom
he old g lley nex

he kng's lodgng, un
o
he fs

g
ehouse." _Wodswo
h's Ed
on._
[170] "Of fou
hous nd m ks," s y
he moe ecen
MSS. nd D.
Wodswo
h's Ed
.
[171] Those
o whom
hey wee g n
ed ppe 
o h ve been
he Lod
S ndys nd hs son Thom s; S Wll m F
zwll m, S Heny Gulfod,
S John Russel, nd S Heny Nos. Ths su

o
he c dn l seems

o h ve been successfully bough

bou
. The pensons ou
of
he
evenues of
he see of Wnches
e wee se

led on
hem fo lfe by Ac

of P l men
, no
w
hs
ndng
he jus
objec
on n
he
ex
. Ro
.
P l. clxxxv. S

. 22 Hen. VIII. c. 22.
[172] Fom
he I
l. _n
gl e_,
o cu
, c ve, &c.
[173] _P
, Somme p
e._ F. A sum n dv nce. _W._
[174] "Hs
 n w s n numbe one hunded nd
heescoe pesons."
Ths dd
on s n D. Wodswo
h's ed
on nd
he l
e MSS.
[175] He w s now ff
y-nne ye s old.
[176] The book of Ceemones befoe c
ed, whch w s compled n

he egn of Heny VIII. obseves: "Upon E s

e D y n
he monng
_
he ceemones_ of
he _esuec
on_ be vey l ud ble,
o pu
us
n ememb nce of Chs
's esuec
on, whch s
he c use of ou
jus
fc
on." _S
ype's Eccles. Memo ls_, v. . p. 294. _Recods._
Wh

hese ceemones wee we m y collec
fom
he Rubcs upon
h

d y, n
he _Pocesson le secundum usum S um_. fol. 72. ed
. 1555;
whch e
o
hs effec
: On E s
e D y, befoe m ss, nd befoe
he
ngng of
he bells, le

he cleks ssemble, nd ll
he
pes
n
he chuch be lgh
ed. Then
wo pesons sh ll d w ngh
o
he
sepulche, nd f
e 
s censed le

hem
ke
he coss ou
of
he
sepulche, nd one of
hem begn _Chs
us esugens_. Then le

he
pocesson commence. Af
e
hs
hey sh ll ll woshp (_ doen
_)

he coss. Then le
ll
he cucfxes nd m ges n
he chuch be
unveled, &c. &c. In lke m nne Good Fd y lso h d 
s pecul 
ceemones. Bshop Longl nd closes hs semon pe ched on
h
d y
befoe Kng Heny VIII. A. D. 1538, n
he followng m nne: "In me ne
se son I sh ll exho
e you ll n ou Lod God, _ s of old cus
ome
h
h hee
hs d y bene used_, evey one of you o ye dep 
e, w
h
moos
en
e devocyon, knelynge
ofoe ou S vyou Lode God,
hs
ou Jesus Chys
, whche h
h suffeed soo muche fo us,
o whome we
e soo muche bounden, _whoo lye
h n yonde sepulche_; n honoue
of hym, of hs p ssyon nd de
he, nd of hs fve woundes,
o s y
fve P
e-nos
es, fve Aves, nd one Cede:
h

m y ple se hs
mecfull goodness
o m ke us p 
enes of
he me
es of
hs hs mos

gloyous p ssyon, bloode, nd de

he." _Impyn
ed by Thom s Pe
y
._ See
lso Mch el Wood's _D logue o F ml  T lks_. A. D. 1554. Sgn
.
D. 3. _W._
[177] See bove, p ge 158, D. Wodswo
h's no
e.
[178] In M. Ells's vey n
ees
ng collec
on of Hs
oc l Le

es,
vol. . p. 176,
hee s n ex
 c
of le

e fom S Wll m

F
zwll ms,
hen on msson n F nce, el
ng conves
on he
h d w
h
he Fench kng upon hs he ng
he Duke of Buckngh m w s n

he Towe. W
h
he C dn l's nswe.
[179] The f vou ble epesen

on gven of
hs po
on of
he
c dn l's lfe, no
w
hs
ndng wh
s s d by Fox, p. 908, s fully
confmed by n u
ho
y whch c nno
be suspec
ed of p 
 l
y
o
hs memoy,
h
of S

e Book, whch c me ou
fom
he offce of
he
kng's pn
e n
he ye  1536, n

uled _A Remedy fo Sed
on_.
"Who w s lesse beloved n
he No
he
h n my lod c dyn ll, God h ve
hs sowle, befoe he w s monges
hem? Who be

e beloved, f
e he h d
ben
hee whyle? We h
e of

mes whom we h ve good c use
o love.
I
s wonde
o see howe
hey wee
uned; howe of u

e enemyes
hey
bec m hs dee fendes. He g ve byshops ygh
good ens mple, howe

hey mgh
wyn mens h 
ys. Thee w s few holy d yes, bu
he would de
fve o sx myle fom hs howse, nowe
o
hs p ysh chuche, nowe
o

h
, nd
hee c use one o o
he of hs doc
ous
o m ke semone
un
o
he people. He s
monges
hem, nd s yd m sse befoe ll
he
p yshe. He s we why chuches wee m de. He beg n
o es
oe
hem
o

he ygh
nd pope use. He bough
e hs dnne w
h hym, nd b d
dyves of
he p sh
o 
. He enqued, whe
he
hee w s ny deb
e
o gudge be
weene ny of
hem; yf
hee wee, f
e dnne he sen
e
fo
he p 
es
o
he chuche, nd m de
hem ll one. Men s y well

h
do well. Godde's l wes sh l neve be so se
by s
hey ough
,
befoe
hey be well knowen." Sgn
. E. 2. _W._
[180] In
he moe ecen
MS. nd n D. Wodswo
h's ed
on, "News
ed
Abbey."
[181] Nex
, _.e._ ne es
.
[182] The pev lng hou of dnne w
h ou nces
os ppe s
o h ve
been much e le. In
he No
humbel nd Household Book 
s s d, "
o
X of
he clock
h
my lod goes
o dnne."
"W
h us," s ys H son, n
he Descp
on of Engl nd, pefxed
o
Holnshed's Choncle, p. 171, "
he Nobl
e, Gen
e, nd S
uden
s
do odn le go
o dnne
eleven befoe noone, nd
o suppe

fve, o be
weene fve nd sx
f
enoone. The mech n
s dne nd
sup seldome befoe
welve
noone, nd sx
ngh
, espec lle n
London. The husb ndmen dne lso
hgh noone, s
hey c ll 
, nd
sup
seven o egh
: bu
ou
of
he
e me n ou Unves
es
he
schol s dne

en. As fo
he pooes
so
,
hey gene lly dne nd
sup when
hey m y: so
h

o
lke of
he ode of ep s
, 
wee
bu
needlesse m

e."
"_Theophlus._ You wen
e
o dne be
yme I pece ve. _Eusebus._ Even
s I doe commonly, when I h ve no busynes, be
wene nyne nd
en; me

hnkes 
s good houe: fo by
h
me nes I s ve be kf s
,
whyche fo such dles s I m, s mos
f

es
." _D logue be
ween
Eusebus nd Theophlus._ Sgn
. B 4. A. D. 1556. _W._
[183] D. B n Hgden

h

me boe
he offce.
[184] The C dn l peh ps emembeed
he ced
whch w s g ned by
hs successful v l C dn l Ad n, who beng elec
ed
o
he p p cy
by
he Concl ve,
hough
he nfluence of
he empeo Ch les V.
"befoe hs en
y n
o
he c

e of Rome ( s we e
old by one of S
Thom s Moe's bog phes), pu

ng off hs hose nd shoes, nd s I

h ve cedbly he d 
epo
ed, b e-foo
ed nd b e-legged, p ssed

hough
he s
ee
s
ow ds hs P l ce, w
h such humbleness,
h

ll
he people h d hm n ge
eveence." H psfeld's _Lfe of S
Thom s Moe_. L mbe
h MSS. No. 827, fol. 12. _W._
[185] S
oe, n hs Poe
c l Lfe of Wolsey, 1599, h s v led hmself
of
hs decl 
on of
he c dn l, n p ss ge jus
ly celeb
ed
fo 
s emnen
be u
y. The m ge n
he second s
nz s wo
hy of
co
empo y of Sh kspe e:
I dd no
me n w
h pedecessos pde,
To w lk on clo
h s cus
om dd eque;
Moe f

h
clo
h wee hung on e
he sde
In mounng wse, o m ke
he poo

e;
Moe f

he dge of mounful que
In dull s d no
es ll soows
o exceed,
Fo hm n whom
he pnce's love s de d.
I m
he
ombe whee
h
ffec
on les,
Th
w s
he close
whee 
lvng kep
;
Ye
wse men s y, Affec
on neve des;--
No, bu


uns; nd when 
long h
h slep
,
Looks he vy, lke
he eye
h
long h
h wep
.
O could 
de,
h
wee es
full s

e;
Bu
lvng, 
conve
s
o de dly h
e.

[186] D. Pecy, n

he no
es
o
he No
humbel nd Household Book, h s
dduced vey cuous ex
 c
fom one of
he le

es of
hs E l of
No
humbel nd, whch he
hnks ffods "full vndc
on of
he e l
fom
he ch ge of ng

ude n beng
he peson employed
o es

he c dn l." Howeve

hs m y be,
he e l ppe s
o h ve fel

he
emb  ssmen
of hs s
u
on; he
embled, nd w
h f l
eng voce
could h dly u

e
he ung cous pupo
of hs msson. To mnd
of ny delc cy
he offce mus
h ve been pecul ly ds
essng, nd
even supposng
he e l
o h ve been fomely
e
ed n n b
 y
nd mpeous m nne by
he c dn l, 
s one whch he should h ve
voded. As
he le

e gves vey cuous pc

ue of
he m nnes s
well s
he l
e
ue of ou fs
nobl
y

h

me, I sh ll
pl ce 
n my ppendx;
he vey cuous volume n whch 
s
o be
found beng of ge
 
y nd v lue.
[187] "In
he houses of ou ncen
nobl
y
hey dned
long
bles.
The Lod nd hs pncp l gues
s s
e

he uppe end of
he fs

ble, n
he Ge
Ch mbe, whch w s
heefoe c lled
he Lod's
Bo d-end. The offces of hs household, nd nfeo gues
s,
long

bles below n
he h ll. In
he mddle of e ch
ble s
ood ge

s l
cell ; nd s p 
cul  c e w s
ken
o pl ce
he gues
s
ccodng
o
he  nk, 
bec me m k of ds
nc
on, whe
he
peson s
e bove o below
he s l
."--_No
es on
he No
humbel nd
Household Book_, p. 419.
[188] The enemes of Achbshop L ud, p 
cul ly n
he
me of
hs
oubles, wee fond of comp ng hm w
h C dn l Wolsey: nd
g bled ed
on of
hs lfe w s fs
pn
ed n
he ye  1641, fo

he pupose of pejudcng
h
ge
pel
e n
he mnds of
he
people, by nsnu
ng p  llel be
ween hm nd
he c dn l. I
s
no
gene lly known
h
, besde
he ed
on of
hs lfe
hen pu

fo
h, sm ll p mphle
w s lso pn
ed w
h
he followng

le,
"A
ue Descp
on o 
he P  llel be
weene C dn ll Wolsey,
Achbshop of Yok, nd Wll m L ud, Achbshop of C n
ebuy, 1641."
As 
s bef, nd of ex
eme  
y, I sh ll gve 
pl ce n
he
Appendx.
[189] "Bu
wh
he dd
hee, I know no
." The moe ecen
MS. nd D.
Wodswo
h's ed
on h ve
hs e dng.
[190] The wods whch follow, I ppehend, e p 
of some
eccles s
c l hymn. I
w s no
unusu l
o

bu
e
he n me of
_Scp
ue_
o ll such compos
ons; nd
o wh
eve w s e d n
chuches. "Also I s d nd ffmed" (
he wods e p 
of
he
ec n

on of Wcklff
e), "
h
I held no _Scp
ue_ c
holke
no holy, bu
onely
h
s con
ned n
he Bble. Fo
he legends nd
lves of s n
s I held hem nough
; nd
he m cles w

en of hem, I
held un
ue." Fox's _Ac
s_, p. 591. _W._
[191] "I know no
whe
he o no 
be wo
h
he men
onng hee
(howeve we wll pu

on
he dven
ue), bu
C dn l Wolsey, n
hs lfe
me w s nfomed by some fo
une-
elles, _
h
he should
h ve hs end
Kngs
on_. Ths, hs cedul
y n
epe
ed of Kngs
on
on Th mes; whch m de hm lw yes
o vod
he dng
hough
h

own,
hough
he ne es
w y fom hs house
o
he cou
. Af
ew ds,
undes
ndng
h
he w s
o be comm

ed by
he kng's expess ode

o
he ch ge of S An
hony [Wll m] Kngs
on (see Heny Lod How d
n hs Book g ns
Popheces, ch p. 28, fol. 130), 
s
uck
o hs
he 
;
oo l
e pecevng hmself deceved by
h
f
he of les n
hs homonymous pedc
on." Fulle's _Chuch Hs
oy_. Book v. p. 178.
_W._
[192] _whee_ fo _whee s_.
[193] In
he old g bled ed
ons
he p ss ge s
nds
hus: "Bu
l s! I
m dse sed m n, h vng fluxe (
whch
me 
w s pp en

h

_he h d posoned hmself_); 

h
h m de me vey we k," p. 108, ed
.
1641. Ths s mos
b ef ced nd unw  n
ed n
epol
on. The wods
do no
occu n ny of
he MSS. Ye

he ch ge of hs h vng posoned
hmself w s epe
ed by m ny w
es mong
he efomes w
hou

scuple. See Tnd ll's _Woks_, p. 404. _Supplc

ons
o
he Queen's
M jes
y_, fol. 7. A. D. 1555. Fox's _Ac
s_, p. 959.
[194] "Ths s n ffec
ng pc
ue," s ys l
e eleg n
w
e.
"Sh kspe e h d undoub
edly seen
hese wods, hs po
 
of
he
sck nd dyng C dn l so closely esemblng
hs. Bu
n
hese
wods s
hs chonologc l dffcul
y. How s 

h
H dwck H ll
s spoken of s house of
he E l of Shewsbuy's n
he egn of
Heny VIII, when 
s well known
h

he house of
hs n me be
ween
Sheffeld nd No

ngh m, n whch
he Coun
ess of Shewsbuy spen

he wdowhood, house descbed n

he Anecdo
es of P n
ng, nd
seen nd dmed by evey cuous
 velle n Debyshe, dd no

ccue
o
he possessons of ny p 
of
he Shewsbuy f mly
ll

he m  ge of n e l, who w s g ndson

o
he c dn l's hos
, w
h
Elz be
h H dwck,
he wdow of S Wll m C vendsh, n
he
me of
Queen Elz be
h?--The
u
h howeve s,
h

hough
he s
oy s
old

o evey vs
o of H dwck H ll,
h
"
he ge
chld of honou,
C dn l Wolsey," slep

hee few ngh
s befoe hs de
h; s s
lso
he s
oy, peh ps equ lly unfounded,
h
M y Queen of Sco
s
w s confned
hee; 
w s _ no
he_ H dwck whch eceved
he we y

 velle fo ngh

n
hs hs l s
mel ncholy plgm ge. Ths
w s H dwck-upon-Lne n No

ngh mshe, pl ce bou

s f 
o

he sou
h of M nsfeld s
he H dwck n Debyshe, so much be

e
known, s
o
he no
h-wes
. I
s now gone
o much dec y, nd s
consequen
ly om

ed n m ny m ps of
he coun
y. I
s found n Speed.
Hee
he E l of Shewsbuy h d house n
he
me of Wolsey. Lel nd
expessly men
ons 
. "The Ele [of Shewsbuy] h
h p ke nd
m nne pl ce o lodge n 
c lled H dewke-upon-Lne, fou mles
fom News
ede Abbey." I
n. vol. v. fol. 94, p. 108. Bo
h
he H dwcks
bec me f
ew ds
he pope
y of
he C vendshes. Thoo
on
ells us

h
S Ch les C vendsh, younges
son of S Wll m, nd f
he of
Wll m Duke of Newc s
le, "h d begun
o buld ge
house n
hs
lodshp, on hll by
he foes
sde, ne  Annesly-wood-House, when
he w s ss ul
ed nd wounded by S John S
nhope nd hs men, s he
w s vewng
he wok, whch w s
heefoe
hough
f

o be lef
off,
some blood beng spl
n
he qu el,
hen vey ho
be
ween
he
wo
f mles.--_Thoesby's Ed
. of Thoo
on_, vol. . p. 294."--WHO WROTE
CAVENDISH'S LIFE OF WOLSEY? p. 18.
[195] M. Douce h s pon
ed ou
em k ble p ss ge n P

sco

e's
Hs
oy of Sco
l nd (p. 261, ed
. 1788,) n whch
hee s ge

esembl nce
o
hese p
he
c wods of
he c dn l. J mes V. m gned

h
S J mes H ml
on ddessed hm
hus n de m. "Though I w s
snne g ns
God, I f led no

o
hee. H d I been s good sev n

o
he Lod my God s I w s
o
hee, I h d no
ded
h
de
h."
[196] In
he ye e 1521,
he c dn l, by v
ue of hs leg
ne
u
ho
y, ssued m nd
e
o ll
he bshops n
he e lme,
o
ke

he necess y me ns fo c llng n nd des

oyng ll books, pn
ed
o w

en, con
nng ny of
he eos of M 
n Lu
he: nd fu
he
dec
ng pocesses
o be ns

u
ed g ns
ll
he possessos nd
f voues of such books, heeses, &c. The m nd
e con
ned lso
ls
of fo
y-
wo eos of Lu
he. See Wlkns's _Concl _, vol. .
p. 690-693; nd S
ype's _Eccles s
c l Memo ls_, vol. . p. 36-40.
_W._
[197] To dmns
e
he _ex
eme unc
on_. "The _fyf
h s c men
_ s
noyn
ynge of seke men,
he whche oyle s h lowed of
he bysshop, nd
mynys
ed by pees
es
o
hem
h
ben of l wfull ge, n ge
e peyll
of de
he: n lygh
nes nd b
ynge of
hey skenes, yf God wyll
h

hey lyve; nd n fogyvynge of

hey veny l synnes, nd ele synge of

hey p yne, yf
hey sh l deye." _Fes
v l_, fol. 171. _W._
[198] He ded Nov. 29, 1530. Le Neve's _F s
_, p. 310.
Accodng
o
he supes

ous cedul
y of
h
ge,
he de
h of
Wolsey w s s d
o h ve been peceded by po
en
ous s
om. See
LETTERS FROM THE BODLEIAN, Vol. . p ge 17. In le

e fom D.
T nne
o D. Ch le

, d
ed Nowch, Aug. 10, 1709, s
he followng
p ss ge:
"On
he o
he sde s coev l no
e

he end of n old MS.
belongng
o ou c
hed l, of
he odd ex
of
he ge
C dn l
Wolsey, no
men
oned, I
hnk, n C vendsh, o ny of
he odn y
hs
o ns,--much lke Olve's wnd.
"Anno X
, 1530, noc
e mmed
e sequen
e qu 
um dem Novemb. vehemens
ven
us qu s pe
o
m Angl m ccdeb
, e
de poxm sequen
e
qun
o sc. de ejusdem menss cc ho m pm m pos
medem
c p
us e
Dus Thom s Wulsye C dn ls n dbus sus de C how
[C wood] nf Doces m su m Ebo censem; e
pos
e n 
nee ejus
vesus London m vgl S
. Ande pox. sequen
e pud Leyces
 m
moeb
u, quo de ven
us qu s Gehenn ls
unc fee pe
o
m Angl m
ccdeb
, cujus vehemen
 pud Leys
of
nf Doc. Nowcensem e

lb n dvess locs nf Regnum Angl mul

n ves peeun
."
_Ad fnem Ann lum B 
holom Co

on. MS. n Bblo

h. Eccl. C
h.
Nowc. h be
u hc no

._
[199] The excellen
u
ho of
he dsse

on on
hs lfe doub
ed
whe
he
hs p ss ge w s no
n n
epol
on, bec use "Wolsey s
spoken of n
ems so dffeen
fom
hose used n o
he p 
s of
he
book." Bu

s only poof of
he n
eg
y of
he bog phe, whose
upgh
he 
nd devou
c
holc sp
would no
conce l
he
u
h.
[200] Ths p ss ge follows n
he moe ecen
MSS. "dng
h
s me
d y, beng Wednesd y,
o No
h mp
on; nd
he nex
d y
o Duns
ble;
nd
he nex
d y
o London; whee we
ed un
ll S
. Nchol s Even,
nd
hen we ode
o H mp
on Cou
."
[201] Hee s no
he dd
on, n
he moe ecen
MSS.
o
he
followng effec
: "Who h
h go

en dvese o
he ch on men
s n
o
hs h nds,
he whch be no
ehesed o egs
eed n ny of my lods
books of nven
oy, o o
he w
ngs, wheeby ny m n s ble
o
ch ge hm
heew
h, bu
only I."

ADDITIONAL NOTES TO THE LIFE OF WOLSEY.

PAGE 95. The Le

e of Ans
s, efeed
o n
he no
e, s ddessed

o Fddes, nd s pn
ed n hs Collec
ons. I
el
es
o ude
epesen

on of
he House of Lods n
he egn of Kng Heny VIII.
bu

h
le ned he ld nd n
qu y h s m de 

he vehcle of some
obsev
ons, whch m y no
be mspl ced hee.
"Almos
evey c
on of Wolsey h
h been n
epe
ed s n ns
nce of
pomp, mb
on, o nsolence; no
w
hs
ndng, pob bly, upon s
c

ex mn
on, mos
of
hem wll be found
o be s
c
ly peceden
ed.
Ths p 
cul  of _
wo cosses_ g ve Polydoe Vgl n oppo
un
y
of m kng n unch 
ble eflec
on: "Non con
en
us un cuce, qu
u
eb
u, quod Achepscopus esse
Ebo censs, l
e m p se
fe volu
, pe duos s cedo
es s

u eleg n
es, e
equs m gns
nsden
es, qu pe
o c p
e, quocunque nn
empoe ncedeen
. Nunc
pl ne cons

Wolsum su sb conscum esse culp, qu pop
ee
bn s n pomp h be
cuces, quod un non s
s foe
d ejus exp nd
commss ." Ans
s
hen c
es
he p ss ge fom Roy's s
e, whch he
ms
kngly

bu
es
o Skel
on; nd poceeds
hus: "Hee s long
c
logue, nd ye
possbly no
one p 
cul  s sngul 
o
he
c dn l. Fo
he s me honous, ccodng
o
he known cus
oms of Rome,
wee
o be p d
o evey Leg
e _de L
ee_ s
o
he soveegn pon
ff
hmself: N y, he mgh
of gh
use ll p p l ensgns nd on men
s,
fo whch P sus (De Resgn
. L. 7. qu. 13. n. 6 e
7) poduces
he
vouches."
"I know no
wh
w s
he fgue of
he _pll s_ hee men
oned; bu


w s no
n unusu l ensgn, bec use Ch uce, n
he Plowm n's T le, v.
2044, se

ng fo
h
he du
y of clegym n, s ys
hus:
And usn none ye
hly honous,
Ne coune, ne cuous cove
ous,
Ne _pll _, ne o
he poud p ll, &c.
Accodng
o
he pesen
cus
oms n
hs coun
y, no one wll ch ge

he c dn l's dng on mule

o be m k of hs nsolence o
h ugh
ness, ne
he w s 
ny
es
mony of hs huml
y, bu
us ge
of hs ge, n coespondence
o
he ncen
p c
ce of clegymen, who
es
eemed 
unbecomng
hem
o de upon hose, when ou S vou ode
on
he fo l of n ss. Thus S
. B sl on Ps lm 32, _Exclusus es
b usu
s nc
oum equus_. And hee I c nno
fobe  fom dve
ng you w
h
he
odd smplc
y of
he s
yle wheen Pe ldus (Summ de Supeb ,
om.
2) expesses hmself on
hs occ son: "Chs
us nunqu m equ
v
,

n
um semel sn v
,
que deo neque mul v
, neque p l fed v
,
neque domed  v
." Hs sen
men
w s s of some o
he gd
dscpln  ns

h

me,
h

he clegy should
 vel on foo
.
I
s well known
h
ou judges,
ll
he fs
ye  of Queen M y,
ode lw ys
o Wes
mns
e on mules, (v. Dugd l. Og. Judc. p. 38).
Chs
ophe Uswcke, who h d been De n of Wndso, n hs wll m de
10 Oc
. 1521, devses
o M. Cu
hbe
Tuns
ll, M s
e of
he Rolls,
"hs gowne of bl cke fued w
h m 
on, hs
yppe
of s cene
fued
w
h s bles, nd hs l

le _mule_ w
h s ddle nd bdle nd ll h
h neys." (Lb. M nw yng, n Cu. Pog.) And upon
he mo
ve of
n ffec
ed huml
y 
doub
less w s
h
John de Bevele, n hs
wll d
ed 1380, "Volo quod copus meum s
duc
um b hosp
o meo
pe duos snos, s possn
nven." (Regs
. Beckngh m Epscop
Lncoln.) The sump
u y l w fo pp el, 24 Hen. 8. c. 13, pohb
s
ll pesons
o we  upon
he hose, _mule_, o o
he be s
, ny slk
of pupue, &c. Of
he cus
om of
he clegy, see Bede Eccles. Hs
. 1.
3, c. 14, nd 1. 4, c. 3: nd
h

hey fs
beg n
o de on m es,
1. 2, c. 13, unless
hee be some eo n
he pn
. As
o C dn ls,
D vd Ch mbe, n hs Hs
oy of
he Popes bdged, cqu n
s us
h

Innocen
IV. g ve
hem lbe
y
o de on hoseb ck, nd
h
Pope
Clemen
V. od ned
hey should de upon sses, ccodng
o
he
ex mple of ou S vou.
Bu

hese ch
 ppngs nd housngs of
he c dn l's mule m y gve
offence; heen he could jus
fy hmself by n espec l pvlege
o

hose of hs degee:--_Equ

e mul s ph le
s, e
cl v m gen
e m
n
e se defee_ (Cohel No

 C dn l
us, p. 28). Hee
hen s
pole xe o m ce lso, nd
he s me u
ho, p. 30, cqu n
s us
h

n
he Rom n cou

he c dn ls "dum equ
n
_mul s_, pm

un

pp 
oes cum gen
es _cl vs_ e
_bulgs_ b cupc
obus
gen
l
s nsgnbus uo e
gen
o edm
s, necnon f mulos duos
pedssequos (p  fn os voc n
) b culs duobus nnxos."

P ge 137. The ccums

nces

endng
he n
ecep
on of De P e
's
dsp
ches, men
oned n
he no
e, e
hus el
ed n le

e of
Wolsey's
o M. S mpson, pn
ed n
he Appendx
o G l
's Lfe of
Wolsey, p. clv. No. v. 4
o. 1812.
"I
h
h bene of long se son, nd fom sundy p 
s, epo
ed un
o

he kng's hgnes nd
o me
dves
mes,
h
Mon^{s} de P e
,
who esde
h hee mb ss do fo
he empeo, h
h con
nu lly bene
m n dsposed nd nclned
o m ke, n hs le

es nd w
ngs, bo
h

o
he empeo nd
he L dy M g e
, sed
ous nd sns
e epo
s;
s yng m ny
mes, upon hs own f n
se, suspcon, nd conjec
ue,

hngs cle ly un

ue, nd comp ssng
o
he
mes, when
hngs h ve
been done, s yd, o se
fo
h, fendly, kndle, nd lovngle, soe

o cowch hs epo

s, nd
he ccums
nces of
he dongs
heeof, s

hough
he g
u
es shewed by
he kng's hghnes, h ve fom
me
o

me been conduced by

he ndus
e, pollcy, nd l bou of
he s yd
mb ss dos; scbng,
heefoe,
he l ude nd
h nk
heof un
o
hmself, wheby he mgh
cque
he moe g ce nd f vo of
he s yd
empeo nd L dy M g e
. To
hese
hngs
he kngs hghnes nd I
wee no
ove h s
y
o gve soone ceddence; bu
supposng
he s yd
 mb ss do
o be p^son ge of moe ve
ue nd ncln con
o good

hen now he pove

h
o be, I would some
mes dmonsh hm, n gene l
wods of such dve
semen
; exho
ng nd dvsng hm
o be well
w e how he, beng mns
e be
wene
wo pnces so neely conjoned
n n
ellgence, should

emp
o doe ny
hng
o
he hnde nce

heeof; bu

he, eg dng
he offce of good mb ss do
o doe

h
n hm s fo
he noushng nd nce se of
he s me. Wheen he
lw yes m de me such nswee
h
I conce ved noe fu
he suspcon o
je lousy
ow ds hm n
h
beh lfe; beng
heefoe
he moe f nke
nd pl ne w
h hm n ll my confeences, s he,
h
fo
he sngule
good mnd whch I h ve lw yes bone un
o
he empeos hono, we le,
nd sue
e, would pocede w
h hs m jes
e, snceele, pl nely,
nd
uele. And s f ml ly, kndly, nd lovngle h
h
he kngs
hghnes nd I dm

ed, en
e
yned, nd used
he s yd de P e

ll
mes, s
he mos
he 
y love be
wene
he kngs hghnes nd hs
m jes
e do
h eque, m kng hm pve, nd h vng hm pesen
,

ll such comunc cons nd ccesses h ve bene of o
he pnces
mb ss dos, o of ny m

e wo
hy dve
semen
o knowledge,
o
he
n
en

h
he should m ke mos
cedble nd pl ne el con
heeof
un
o
h'empeo nd o
he
o whom 
ppe
ned."
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * He
hen el
es,
h
upon one occ son he
sen
fo
he mb ss do "
o m ke hm p 
cp n
of such newes s

he kngs hghnes nd I h d eceved, s lso

o undes
nd whe
he
he h d ny good newes n confm
on of
he s me." And f
e long
communc
on, he "seemng
o be joyous nd well con
en
ed, gvng me

h nks on
he empeos beh lfe, dep 
ed."

"Thee d ys befoe
h
, s m ny
mes s hee ccus
omed, 
w s
ppon
ed
h
, s
h
ngh
followng, whch w s
he xj^{
h} d y

ngh
, pve w
ch should be m de n London, nd by ce
ne
cecou
e nd sp ce bou

: n
he whch w
ch w s
ken, p ssng
be
ween London nd B nfod, by ce
ne of
he w
ch ppon
ed
o

h
qu 
e, one ydng
ow ds
he s d B nfod; who, ex mned
by
he w
ch, nsweed soe closely,
h
upon suspcon
heeof
hey
se ched hm, nd found se ce
ly hd bou
hm l

le p cque
of
le

es, subscbed n Fench, whch

he s yd w
ch p^ce vng, bough

he le

es un
o m n of l wes cl ke, beng of
he s me comp ny;
who, supposng
he be e of
hem
o be e
he spe o messenge
fom some mech n
, s
 nge, o o
he, n
endnge
o dsclose
hngs
un
o
he empeo, nd p^ce vng
he s yd p cque

o be n
he
kng
of 
, by
he unle ned men of
he w
ch, boken nd evl h ndled,
looked n
he le

es. And
hnkng
he s me, by e son of
he cphes,
moe suspec
, bough

un
o
he kng's solc
o, beng n
he s me
w
ch; who no
cqu n
ed w
h
he n me of
he s yd de P e
, bough

he le

es soe opened un

o S Thom s Mooe, beng n no
he w
ch
neee un
o
he s me; nd he pesen
ed
hem, n
he monng followng,
un
o me, beng n
he ch ncey
Wes
mns
e; whch, when I h d e d,
knowng how f 
he effec
of
hem w s dscep n
fom
he
u
h, non
I conceved
he fome dv^
semen
s m de un
o me
ouchng
he s d
mb ss dos ccus
omed us ge n m kng sns
e epo
s,
o be
ue.
And p^ceyvng by
he s yd le

es,
h
lbe

he us ge s no
hee

h
s
 nges should p sse
hough
he e lme w
hou
p sspo
,
ye
one of
he foulkes w s depeched by
he s yd mb ss do
he d y
befoe w
h le

es
ow ds Sp ne,--when 
w s lke
hee mgh
be
s evll o wose epo

hen n
hese, I w
h ll dlgence sen

o
coun
em nde
he s yd fome le

es, o ny o
he depeched

h

me by
he s yd mb ss do. And soe w s
ken lso p cque
of hs
le

es dec
ed
o my L dy M g e
, whch ogn l le

es dec
ed
un
o
h'empeo, w
h copes of
hose ddessed un
o my L dy M g e
,
vewed nd ovelooked, nd
he un
u
h menconed n
hem depehended,
I send un
o you h nds heew
h, s well bec use
h'empeo m y know
such
hngs s hs folkes on
hs sde doe dve
se hs m jes
e of,
whch m y confe
o
he fu
he nce of hs ff es; s lso, bec use

he s me m y heeby
he moe ssuedle nd p^fec
le undes
nd
nd p^ce ve
h

he s yd de P e
h
h of lykelyhood con
ved noe
few m

es un
ue nd f yned n hs le

es sen
of long se son,
s well n
o Sp yne s n
o Fl ndes. Wheof
hee s much pp  nce,
by e son of such poceedng, s
 nge deme nou, nd suspcon, s
h
h seemed
o h ve bene h d
ow ds
he kngs g ce, bo
h on
h

sde nd n Fl ndes of good se son, soe

h

s evden

o be
conjec
ued
h

he s yd de P e
h
h done moe hu
, de
men
, nd
d m ge, by hs evl epo
s n
he comon ff es,
hen eve he c n
be ble
o eduble o mend; nd suely h s by
he s me deseved much
moe bl me
h n I wll ehese." He
hen en
es n
o de
l of
he
msepesen

ons of De P e
, who, he s ys, would h ve long snce
been denounced
o
he empeo s " m n of nsuffcen
qu l
es,
nexpe
nd f  unmee

o be mb ss do fom so ge
pnce," h d

no
been ou
of cou
esy
o
h
po
en

e nd hs councl. And
fu
he,
h
"De P e
beng no
l

le b shed, ne w
hou
c use,
m de fs
excep
on

he n
ecep
ng of hs le

es, s he would
no
gve cedence
o
he m nne of
he n
ecep
on, nd
he openng
of
hem by fo
un
e eo, s s foes yd, s yng
h
mb ss dos
doe w
e un
o
he pnces
h
whch n
he concep
s
hough

good, efeng
he judgmen
un
o o
hes. He ffmed lso,
h

ll

hs
me 
could no
ne should be eve found n ny of hs le

es,

h
he h
h m de evll epo
e
he of
he kng's hghnes o of me,
s by hs ogn l le

es, whch he s yd he desed nd would be gl dd

should nd mgh
be showed, he would be judged, nd
h

he c use nd
occ son movng hm
hus
o w
e

hs
me, w s only
he beng hee
of John Jo chym by vj mone
hs,
he dffcul
y m de
o condescend un
o

he
uce poposed
Rome,
he no
dv ncng of n my on
hs sde,
s w s spoken of, nd
he efus l of
he kngs hghnes
o con
bu
e
ny
hng
o
he defence of I
ly."
To
hs Wolsey s

es
he long nd ccums
n
 l nswe he g ve, n
whch he sse
s
h
he w s no
pvy
o Jo chnos comng, nd
h


w s some
me f
e hs v l
h
he dsclosed
o hm wh
he
w s, nd
h
s soon s he dscoveed hmself
o be sen
fom
he L dy
Regen
, he m de de P e
pvy
hee
o, p yng hm
o dve
se
he
L dy M g e
nd
he empeo, s he lso would do nd dd.
To
hs he s

es '
h
De P e
could m ke no o
he nswe
h n
h

he wo
e hs f n
sy, nd em

ed
he judgmen

o wse men.' The
whole le

e s well wo
h

en
on s n ex mple of Wolsey's
len

n dplom cy; nd
hough hs pology s no
vey convncng, 
mus
be
confessed
o be vey sklful nd ngenous.
FINIS.

APPENDIX.

EXTRACTS FROM THE LIFE

OF
 THE VIRTUOUS CHRISTIAN AND RENOWNED
QUEEN ANNE BOLEIGNE.
BY GEORGE WYATT, ESQ.
WRITTEN AT THE CLOSE OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
FROM THE MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS OF THE REV. JOHN LEWIS.

Ge
pnces f vou
es
he f  le ves spe d,
Bu
s
he m gold

he sun's eye;
And n
hemselves
he pde les bued,
Fo
fown
hey n
he gloy de.
SHAKSPEARE.

_Among
he o
he c lumnes w
h whch
he memoy of
he unfo
un
e
Queen Anne Boleyn h s been spesed by
he enemes of
he Refom
on,

h s been s d--"
h
she h d long c ed on cmn l n
ecouse
w
h S Thom s Wy

he poe
; who, we e
old, h d gone so f 
s
o confess
o
he kng
h
he h d deb uched he; nd h d uged

hs, n
he fs
ns
nce, s n gumen

o dssu de
he kng
fom m yng he." The s
oy eques no efu

on; bu
Wy

's
n me h vng been c lled n ques
on when Anne Boleyn's conduc
w s
scu
nzed, g ve
he foges of f bulous hs
oy n oppo
un
y of
eng f
ng
he lbellous nven
ons on slgh
ccums
nces, n ode

o gve
hem some
hng of
he colou of pob bl
y. How f 
hee
w s ny found
on fo
hese c lumnes wll now ppe . The followng
n
ees
ng p ges wee w

en, 
s pesumed, by
he g ndson of
he
poe
, Geoge Wy

, Esque, sx
h son nd he of S Thom s Wy

he younge, who w s behe ded fo ebellon n

he fs
ye  of
he
egn of Queen M y. The w
e ded

he dv nced ge of egh
y,

Boxley n Ken
, n
he ye  1624, nd seems
o h ve med

ed
comple
e exposue of such p 
s of S undes' Book on
he Refom
on s
c me w
hn hs own mmed
e knowledge. He w s m
en l uncle
o S
Roge Twysden, nd n 1623 communc
ed
o hm p 
of hs collec
ons.
A f gmen
of
he Lfe of C dn l Wolsey, by Geoge C vendsh, w s
n
he l
e M. Bndley's lb y,
o whch we h ve le dy efeed,

p. 120 of
he pesen
ed
on; pefxed
o whch w s
he followng
no
e by S Roge Twysden.-- "I ece ved
hs fom my uncle Wy

,
Anno 1623, who beeng yonge h d g
heed m ny no
es
owchng
hs l dy,
no
w
hou
n n
en

o h ve opposed S undes." I
s em k ble

h

hs f gmen
fom Wolsey's Lfe h s been
wce pn
ed s
pece of ogn l nd u
hen
c co
empo y hs
oy, w
hou
suspcon
of 
s beng n ex
 c
fom C vendsh;--
he fs

me fo pv
e
ds
bu
on, n 1808, nd secondly by D. No

, n hs ppendx
o
Wy

's Poems, n 1816._

_The m nuscp
fom whch
he pesen
vey n
ees
ng memo s
pn
ed w s puch sed

he l
e S Pe
e Thompson's s le. I
s n

he h nd w
ng of
he Rev. John Lews, of
he Isle of Th ne
,
he
celeb
ed n
qu y. I
w s pn
ed n 1817 fo few noblemen nd
gen
lemen, bu

wen
y-seven copes only h vng been
ken off, m y be
consdeed s
ll
o h ve lmos

he  
y of m nuscp
._
SOME PARTICULARS OF THE LIFE OF QUEEN ANNE BOLEIGNE.

The pecul  me ns
h
I h ve h d, moe
h n o
hes,
o come
o some
moe p 
cul  knowledge of such
hngs s I n
end
o h ndle, ough

o d w
hus much fom me; ye
much moe
he eques
of hm
h
h
h
been by u
ho
y se
on wok n
hs mpo
n
busness, bo
h fo

he sngul  gf
s of God n hm, of wsdom, le nng, n
eg
y, nd
v
ue; nd lso
he encou gemen
I h ve h d of l
e fom
he gh

eveend my Lod of C n
ebuy's g ce,
o se
down wh
undes
ndng
I h ve h d of
hs m

e, s bo
h my w  n
, nd bond
he moe upon
my conscence,
o hold me uged nd cons
 ned no

o neglec
such
n oppo
un
y of my sevce
o
he chuch, my pnce, nd coun
y.
Pncp lly hs dese w s, nd my pupose n s
sfyng 
,
o delve
wh
I knew,
ouchng ce
n
hngs
h
h ppened
o
he excellen

l dy,
he LADY ANNE BOLEIGNE, bou

he
me of he fs
comng
o

he cou
. Ye
, consdeng I h d some o
he knowledge of
hngs
h

mgh
be found sevce ble no less
h n
h
, nd lso mgh
gve
lgh
nd lfe
o
he f 
hful n 
on of
hs whole m

e, I h ve
supposed 
would f ll bes
,
o delve
he s me, s 
wee, unde

he descp
on of he whole lfe; nd
hs
he moe p 
cul ly nd
f nkly,
h
, ll
hngs known,
hose
h
I undes
ood wee
o vs


g n mgh

ke wh

hey should
hnk mos
m
e l fo
he use.
And would
o God I could gve
h
g ce nd felc
y of s
yle un
o 

h

he wo
hness of
he subjec
do
h eque, no
w
hs
ndng
h

n
hs eg d I m
he less c efull, fo
h

s
o p ss
hough

he h nds
h
c n gve 
be

e ves
ue; nd I sh ll
he moe
un
my c e
o n
end
he sncee nd f 
hful delvey of
h
whch I
h ve eceved fom
hose
h
bo
h wee mos
lkely
o come
o
he
mos
pefec
knowledge heeof, nd h d le s
c use o, o
hewse fo

hemselves, could le s
gve jus
e son of suspcon
o ny, e
he
of mnd, o p 
 l
y, o w
,
o f yne o msepo
ny wh
heeof.
And, ndeed, chefly
he el
on of
hose
hngs
h
I sh ll se
down
s come fom
wo. One l dy[202],
h
fs

ended on he bo
h
befoe nd f
e she w s queen, w
h whose house nd mne
hee w s

hen knded nd s
c
ll nce. The o
he lso l dy of noble b
h,
lvng n
hose
mes, nd well cqu n
ed w
h
he pesons
h
mos

hs concene
h, fom whom I m myself descended. A l

le,
heefoe,
epe
ng
he m

e moe hgh, I wll deve

he dscouse heeof
fom
he vey spng nd foun
ns, whence m y ppe  mos
cle ly by
wh
occ son nd degees
he s
e m of
hs whole c use h
h gown
o
such n oce n s 
wee of memo ble effec
s
hough ll ou p 
s
of Chs
endom, no
by ch nce o w
s of men so much s even by
he
pp en
wok of God, s I hope pesen
ly
o m ke pl n
o ll men.
The see of _Rome_ h vng sen, n
hs ou ge, un
o full
de of
ll wckedness, h d oveflowed ll
hese p 
s of
he wold w
h
he
floods of he evls, wheeby w s occ soned nd h d begnnng
he ebb
of ll he pomp, powe, nd gloy, evey p 
cul  devsng, s f 

h d been by one consen

nd ccod (so showng 

he moe pp en
ly

o come of God),
o povde fo
he
me
o come g ns
he so ge

nund
on of mschefs. Heeof, n _Engl nd_, _Gem ny_, _I
ly_,
nd n m ny o
he pl ces, sundy pesons of sngul  le nng nd
pe
y, one succeedng no
he,
dves
mes, opened
he mou
hs
s
umpe
s
o c ll men
o
hs wok upon seve l occ sons, ll
sng fom
he ou
 geous coup
ons nd fo mng fl
h of
h
see.
Bu
chefly nd mos
no
oously, n
he
me of Heny
he Egh
h,
of f mous memoy,
hs c me
o p ss by
he jus
judgmen
of God upon
he, nd hs mecy upon us, whee
he s me pol
y by whch she h d n
cus
om, nd
hen m de heself mos
ssued,
o s
eng
hen heself n
gvng
o pnces lcence
o unl wful con
 c
s (es
eemng
heeby
o

e
hem nd
he ssue
he moe s
ongly
o he);
he bond of so evl
counsel be kng suddenly, se

lbe
y
he ce
n me ns of
hs
ge
oppos
on g ns
he f
e lmos

hough ll Euope. So l

le
ssu nce espec lly h ve evl found
ons of usuped u
ho
es
g ns

he povoked judgmen
s of God by sn, nd gene l dsple sue
of m n upon jus
conceved ndgn
es.
Thee w s,

hs pesen
, pesen
ed
o
he eye of
he cou

he
 e nd dm ble be u
y of
he fesh nd young L dy Anne Bolegne,

o be

endng upon
he queen. In
hs noble mp,
he g ces of
n
ue g ced by g cous educ
on, seemed even

he fs

o h ve
pomsed blss un
o he f
e
mes. She w s
ken

h

me
o h ve
be u
y no
so wh
ely s cle  nd fesh bove ll we m y es
eem,
whch ppe ed much moe excellen
by he f vou p ssng swee
nd
cheeful; nd
hese, bo
h lso nce sed by he noble pesence of sh pe
nd f shon, epesen
ng bo
h mldness nd m jes
y moe
h n c n be
expessed. Thee w s found, ndeed, upon
he sde of he n l upon one
of he fnges, some l

le show of n l, whch ye

w s so sm ll, by

he epo
of
hose
h
h ve seen he, s
he wokm s
e seemed
o
le ve 
n occ son of ge
e g ce
o he h nd, whch, w
h
he
p
of one of he o
he fnges, mgh
be nd w s usu lly by he hdden
w
hou
ny le s
blemsh
o 
. Lkewse
hee wee s d
o be upon
some p 
s of he body ce
n sm ll moles ncden

o
he cle es

complexons. And ce

nly bo
h
hese wee none o
he
h n mgh
moe
s
n
he w
ngs w
h no
e of m lce
h
h ve c ugh

such lgh

mo
es n so bgh
be ms of be u
y,
h n n ny p 
sh dow 
, s m y
gh
well ppe  by m ny gumen
s, bu
chefly by
he choce nd
exqus
e judgmen
s of m ny b ve sp
s
h
wee es
eemed
o honou

he honou ble p 
s n he, even honoued of envy 
self.
Amongs

hese,
wo wee obseved
o be of pncp l m k. The one w s
_S Thom s W
_,
he elde[203],
he o
he w s
he kng hmself.
The kngh
, n
he begnnng, comng
o behold
he sudden ppe  nce
of
hs new be u
y, c me
o be holden nd supsed somewh
w
h
he
sgh

heeof; f
e much moe w
h he w

y nd g ceful speech, hs

e  lso h d hm ch ned un
o he, so s fn lly hs he 
seemed
o
s y, _I could gl dly yeld
o be
ed fo eve w
h
he kno
of he
love_, s somewhee n hs veses h
h been
hough
hs me nng w s
o
expess[204]. She, on
he o
he p 
, fndng hm
o be
hen m ed,
nd n
he kno

o h ve been
ed
hen
en ye s, ejec
ed ll hs
speech of love; bu
ye
n such so
s wh
soeve
ended
o eg d of
he honou, she showed no

o scon, fo
he gene l f vou nd good
wll she peceved ll men
o b e hm, whch mgh

he 
he occ son
o
hes
o
un
he looks
o
h
whch m n of hs wo
h w s bough

o g ze
n he, s, ndeed, f
e 
h ppened. The kng s held

o h ve
ken hs fs
ppehenson of
hs love f
e such
me s
upon
he doub
n
hose
e
es of m  ge w
h hs d ugh
e M y,
fs
w
h
he Sp n d,
hen w
h
he Fench: by some of
he le ned
of hs own l nd he h d vehemen
ly n
he publc semons, nd n hs
confessons
o hs ghos
ly f
hes, been p yed
o fos ke
h
hs
nces
uous lfe by ccomp nyng w
h hs bo
he's wfe; nd espec lly
f
e he w s moved by
he c dn l,
hen n hs ge
es

us
w
h
he
kng, bo
h fo
he be

e que
ness of hs conscence, nd fo moe
sue se

lng of
he successon
o moe pospeous ssue.
[Illus

on: SIR THOMAS WYATT K^T.]
Abou

hs
me, 
s s d
h

he kngh
, en
e
nng
lk w
h
he s she w s e nes

wok, n spo
ng wse c ugh
fom he
ce
n sm ll jewel h ngng by l ce ou
of he pocke
, o o
hewse
loose, whch he
hus
n
o hs bosom, ne
he w
h ny e nes
eques

could she ob
n 
of hm g n. He kep

,
heefoe, nd woe 

f
e bou
hs neck, unde hs c ssock, pomsng
o hmself e
he

o h ve 
w
h he f vou o s n occ son
o h ve
lk w
h he,
wheen he h d sngul  delgh
, nd she f
e seemed no

o m ke
much eckonng of 
, e
he
he
hng no
beng much wo
h, o no

wo
h much s
vng fo. The noble pnce h vng w
chful eye upon

he kngh
, no
ed hm moe
o hove bou

he l dy, nd she
he moe

o keep loof of hm; w s whe

ed
he moe
o dscove
o he hs
ffec
on, so s 
he he lked fs

o
y of wh

empe
he eg d
of he honou w s, whch he fndng no
ny w y
o be
n
ed w
h

hose
hngs hs kngly m jes
y nd me ns could bng
o
he b

ey,
he n
he end fell
o wn he by
e
y of m  ge, nd n
hs
lk

ook fom he ng, nd

h
woe upon hs l

le fnge; nd ye
ll

hs w
h such sececy w s c ed, nd on he p 
so wsely, s none
o vey few es
eemed
hs o
he
h n n odn y couse of d ll nce.
W
hn few d ys f
e, 
h ppened
h

he kng, spo
ng hmself

bowls, h d n hs comp ny ( s 

f lls ou
) dves noblemen nd o
he
cou
es of ccoun
, mongs
whom mgh
be
he Duke of Suffolk, S F.
B n, nd S T. W
, hmself beng moe
h n odn ly ple s n
ly
dsposed, nd n hs g me
kng n occ son
o ffm c s

o be hs

h
pl nly ppe ed
o be o
hewse;
hose on
he o
he sde s d,
w
h hs g ce's le ve,
hey
hough
no
, nd ye
, s
ll he pon
ng
w
h hs fnge wheeon he woe he ng, epled of
en 
w s hs,
nd spec lly
o
he kngh
he s d, W
, I
ell
hee 
s mne,
smlng upon hm w
h l. S Thom s,

he leng
h, c s
ng hs eye
upon
he kng's fnge, peceved
h

he kng me n

he l dy whose
ng
h
w s, whch he well knew, nd p usng l

le, nd fndng

he kng ben

o ple sue, f
e
he wods epe
ed g n by
he kng,

he kngh
epled, And f 
m y lke you m jes
y
o gve me le ve

o me sue 
, I hope 
wll be mne; nd w
h l
ook fom hs neck

he l ce whee
hung
he
ble
, nd
heew
h s
ooped
o me sue

he c s
, whch
he kng espyng, knew, nd h d seen he we , nd

heew
h l spuned w y
he bowl, nd s d, I
m y be so, bu

hen
m I deceved; nd so boke up
he g me. Ths
hng
hus c ed w s
no
peceved fo ll
hs of m ny, bu
of some few 
w s. Now
he
kng, eso
ng
o hs ch mbe, showng some dscon
en
men
n hs
coun
en nce, found me ns
o be k
hs m

e
o
he l dy, who, w
h
good nd evden
poof how
he kngh
c me by
he jewel, s
sfed
he
kng so effec
u lly
h

hs moe confmed
he kng's opnon of he

u
h
h n hmself

he fs
could h ve expec
ed. Sho
ly, upon
he
e
un of
he c dn l,
he m

e of
he du
chess[205] coolng evey
d y moe nd moe, hs ced
lso w ned
ll 
w s u

ely eclpsed;
nd
h
so bused
he ge
peson ges
h

hey m ked
he less
he
kng's ben
,
he 
he fo
h
some w y 
seemed helpful
o
he
wokng g ns

he c dn l. The kng lso
ook hee oppo
un
y
o
poceed
o dscove hs full nd whole me nng un
o
he l dy's f
he,

o whom we m y be sue
he news w s no
l

le joyful.
All
hs no
w
hs
ndng, he v
ue w s no
so d sed w
h
he gloy
of so focble

 c
ves, bu

h
she s
ood s
ll upon he gu d,
nd w s no
, s we would suppose, so e sly
ken w
h ll
hese
ppe  nces of h ppness; wheeof
wo
hngs ppe ed
o be
he c uses.
One
he love she b e eve
o
he queen whom she seved,
h
w s lso
peson ge of ge
v
ue:
he o
he he conce

h

hee w s no


h
feedom of conjunc
on w
h one
h
w s he lod nd kng s w
h
one moe gee ble
o he es

e. These
hngs beng well peceved
of,
he queen shew she knew well
o f me nd wok he dv n
ge of,
nd
heefoe
he of
ene h d he
c ds w
h he,
he 
he lso

h

he kng mgh
h ve
he less he comp ny, nd
he l dy
he moe
excuse
o be fom hm; lso she es
eem heself
he kndle used, nd
ye
w
h l
he moe
o gve
he kng occ son
o see
he n l upon he
fnge. And n
hs en
e
nmen
of
me
hey h d ce
n g me
h

I c nno
n me
hen fequen
ed, wheen de lng,
he kng nd queen
mee
ng
hey s
opped, nd
he young l dy's h p w s much
o s
op

kng; whch
he queen no
ng, s d
o he pl yfellow, My L dy Anne,
you h ve good h p
o s
op
kng, bu
you e no
lke o
hes, you
wll h ve ll o none. So of
en e nes
m

es e delveed unde

g me. Ye
h d
he kng hs
mes, nd she n
he end yelded
o gve
he consen
of m  ge
o hm, whom h dly eve ny befoe w s found
ble
o keep
he hold g ns
. Ths w s now so f 
o
he ple sue
of
he kng,
h
fo
hw
h he w
h he nd he f
he concluded
o
open
he m

e
o
he councl, ll o
he
hngs beng pe
heeun
o,
nd spec lly fo
h

w s no
possble
o keep 
ny longe
fom
he
lk of men ne  hs peson, nd
he moe,
he queen beng
found
o
ke such knowledge
heeof. I
s
hough

hen
he
ble
w s dvesely c ed
o gve opnon upon
hs m

e; some of
he
nobl
y wshng 
he
o h ve h d so good h p lgh
ed
o some of

he own houses; o

hes
h

h d no
been
ll; some nclnng
o
e
he of
hese s dependng on
hem; bu
mos
lked be

e
he kng's
own choce, bo
h fo
he hope of ssue, nd
h

he ge
ness of ge

men should no
gow
oo ge

o sw y w
h n m n gng of m

es of
s

e. Bu
howsoeve, 
ppe ed m nfes
ly
h
pesen
ly
hee wee
p c
ces dscoveed on ll sdes unde sundy 
s, on
he p 
s of
Sp n, fom Rome nd
h
f c
on, nd fom
he queen heself, nd
spec lly some w
h
he kng, some w
h
he l dy heself, plo

ed
o
be k o s
y

he le s

ll some
hng mgh
f ll be
ween
he cup
nd
he lp,
h
mgh
be k ll
hs pupose w
h one of
hem, f

mgh
h ve been. And vely one of
hese m y seem fo
hs pesen

occ son no
unmee

o be ecoun
ed; whch w s
hs: Thee w s conveyed

o he book pe

endng old popheces, wheen w s epesen
ed
he
fgue of some peson ges, w
h
he le

e H upon one, A upon no

he,
nd K upon
he
hd, whch n expounde
heeupon
ook upon hm
o
n
epe
by
he kng nd hs wves, nd
o he ponouncng ce
n
des
uc
on f she m ed
he kng. Ths book comng n
o he ch mbe,
she opened, nd fndng
he con
en
s, c lled
o he m d of whom we
h ve spoken befoe, who lso boe he n me: "Come h
he, N n," s d
she, "see hee book of pophecy;
hs he s 
h s
he kng,
hs
he
queen, mounng, weepng nd wngng he h nds, nd
hs s myself
w
h my he d off." The m d nsweed, "If I
hough


ue,
hough he
wee n empeo, I would no
myself m y hm w
h
h
cond
on."
"Yes, N n," epled
he l dy, "I
hnk
he book b uble; ye
fo
he
hope I h ve
h

he e lm m y be h ppy by my ssue, I m esolved
o
h ve hm wh
soeve mgh
become of me."
The Romsh f ble-f me[206], f he m y be beleved, ffme
h no
he
p c
ce f
e
hs so
: "Th
S Thom s W
comng
o
he councl,
fo hs be

e secu
y, confessed
o h ve h d de lngs w
h
h
l dy,
befoe he h d ny pecevng of
he kng's pupose of m  ge; bu
no

beng ced
ed by
he kng,
h
W
, s no
fndng 
well he w s
no
beleved, ffmed he would bng
he kng whee he mgh
see hm
enjoy he. And
h
g n beng delveed by
he Duke of Suffolk
o

he kng, he ye
beleved 
no
." Bu

s ce
n
h

he whole o
ge
es
p 
of
hs s fc
on; fo
he pesons, m nne, nd even
of

hese
hngs h ve been u

ely ms
ken nd mssh pen. Fo I h ve he d
by
he epo
of one of gh
good nd honou ble ccoun
, nd of much
undes
ndng n such
hngs, who lso h
h
he
u
h of hs wod n
hgh espec
,
h

w s S F ncs B n
h
confessed such lke

hng
o
he kng by no
he l dy, w
h o
he success moe lkely,
whch w s
h

he kng
heeupon p doned _hm_ ndeed, bu
ejec
ed
nd g ve ove
he l dy eve f
e
o hm. Whe
he
he duke mgh
, upon

he sgh
of
h
whch h ppened
bowls,
ke ny occ son w
h
he
kng
o dssu de
he m  ge, supposng
he kngh
could no
o would
no
o
hewse h ve cle ed hmself nd
he l dy, bu
by confessng nd
c vng p don fo 
s done befoe he h d knowledge of
he kng's
n
en
on, I c nno
s y; nd by guess I wll no
ffm 
n ny c se
of ny, much less of so wo
hy nd noble peson ge. Only
hs I
s y,
h
f he dd so, I beleve vely
h
he w s ge
ly deceved

heen of hs expec

on; s fndng
h
by good poof
he kngh

could cle  hmself nd he of

h
m

e, even
o
he full ssung
nd sce
nng of
he kng of
he m nne of hs comng by
he jewel
w
hou
he dshonou, nd
h
so
he duke, f he dd so, mgh
come

o fnd hmself h d gone

oo f , s
o h ve puch sed
o hmself

heeby mslke bo
h of
he kng nd queen, wheeupon he mgh

un
hs he vy dsple sue
o
he kngh
eve f
e. I know of ce
n
y,

h

he kngh
h d mos
hgh opnon of
h
pncely l dy's noble
v
ues s by
 l, nd chefly n
he m

e of
he bowls; n
h

she
ook no
o n
epe
ed ll of hs deed ( s heself, beng n he
own conscence cle ), bu
s he me n


o
he kng's dspo
befoe
knowledge of
he m  ge. Ths s
ue lso,
h
S Thom s W

w s
wce sf
ed nd lf
ed
, nd
h
noblem n bo
h
mes hs mos

he vy dves y, s I h ve
o show unde
he kngh
's own h nd n hs
nswe
o hs l s
ndc
men
. Ne
he could I eve le n wh
mgh

be
he c use of hs so pepe
u l gudge, s ve only
h

ppe e
h

o be s old s
hs. Some m n mgh
peh ps be led
o
hnk
h

he
duke mgh
h ve spec l end
o d w hm
o en
e nd ven
ue so f 

o
he be kng off
he m
ch. And 
s
ue
h
he w s
hen m ed
w
h
he kng's second ss
e, when
he kng h d
hen em nng bu
one
only d ugh
e, nd
hen she lso ques
oned whe
he leg
m
e: Th

hen lso w s pocued s

u
e
o cu
off foegn

les; nd 
s

ue lso,
h
f
e
he mb
on of some
o occ son heeby
o
hus

he duke's ssue, even befoe

he pope nd l wful ssue of
he kng,
n
o
he eg l se
. All
hs no
w
hs
ndng, I wll neve be nduced

o gve
h
opnon of
h
noblem n, bu

he I would
hnk, f
he dd ny such
hng, n ny so
gvng colou
o
hs f ncy of
he
Rom n legende, he dd 
upon ze l
h
n hs conce

w s
ue,
nd
h
he
hough

he kngh
would so f  confess 
s done befoe

lk of
he kng's m  ge, when he s w he h d p ssed so f  n
he
me sung of
he c s
. And
hough
he whole fc
on h ve sc cely so
much s sh dow of colou of ny ppe  nce, ye
fo
h
p 
whee
he devse
h
h
S Thom s should befoe
he councl pe ch hmself
nd
h
l dy, o f
e no
beng ced
ed, offe
o m ke
he kng see
hm
o h ve
o do w
h he,
hs showng 
self suffcen
ly f lsfed

o ny wse nd undes
ndng e de, espec lly consdeng 

p 
cul ly w
h
he ccums
nces, 
s so f  fom ll lkelhood,
s ll pesump
ons e fl
g ns

, s n wod o
wo sh ll now
be showed.
Fo
h
pncely l dy, she lvng n cou
whee wee so m ny b ve
g ll n
s

h

me unm ed, she w s no
lke
o c s
he eye
upon one
h
h d been
hen m ed
en ye s. And he p en
s,
hen
n good nd honou ble pl ce, esden
n cou
, nd
hemselves of no
me n cond
on,
hey would keep, no doub
, w
chful eye ove he

o see she should no

o m
o
he hnde nce of he own pefemen
,
couse so foul w
h one whee w s no colou of m  ge. The Kng's
eye lso w s gu d upon he, s lso
hose
h
ple sed
he kng n
ecoun
ng
he dven
ues of love h ppenng n cou
m de 
h d,
spec lly fo
he sho
ness of
me f
e he pl cng
hee, nd
he
kng's own love. Also she
h
held ou
g ns
such kng whee w s
hope of m  ge, wh
w s lke she should do
o
he kngh
, whee hs
own l dy nd he fends wee s
ll
o

end upon
he dongs, whose

es
mones of
he honou ble c  ge of
h
l dy e
heefoe hee
mos
s
ong fo he? And fo
he kngh
, f he h d enjoyed he, w s he
so f  despe
ely wcked nd mons
e n love,
h
he would openly,
puposely, nd
o hs own dsg ce, v un

he spol of m d of so
good fends nd lkelhoods of dv ncemen
s, w
hou
ll eg d of God
o m n? espec lly when she h d s
ood so well upon
he ssu nce of he
own nnocence fo
he m

e of
he jewel w
hou

unng hm
o ny
dsple sue
heeby. Those
h
knew hm bes
, knew hm f  fom
h

dshones
dspos
on chefly n
hs knd, nd fo so goss vll ny.
And f he h d been of
h
mnd, ye
w s he known no
of so l

le w

o undes
ndng, upon pon

h
w s no
vey lkely
o be known,
o
dscove hs own nd he evl; whee w s ge
de l moe lkelhood

h
,
he kng belevng he 
he
h n hm, he w s
o ncu moe
ce
n nd ge
e mschef,
h
mgh
n ll pesump
on, f ll by

he he vy dsple sue of
hem bo
h upon hmself eve f
e. And f
we could m gne hm bo
h so we
chedly dshones
, nd so vey so

(ne
he of whch could be found of hm), hs f
he
hen counsello

o
he kng, fo hs wsdom, ye s, nd expeence, moe g ve, would
no
h ve suffeed hm ye

o qu
hmself so fondly nd
o be so m d;
espec lly s when
he kng h d showed no

o beleve 
,
hen
o un
moe obs
n
ely
o offe when
he kng h d m de he pvy heeun
o,

o bng he
h

he kng should see he lso so m d s
o yeld
o
hm f
e she h d gven consen
of m  ge
o
he kng. Who would no

beleve
hem lso m d,
h
would beleve so m d c  ge of such
busness mongs
g ve nd wse men, howsoeve
he  lng Rom ns
be
so m d
o w
e 
so s he would seem m d w
h e son? Fo
he kng
lso, besdes
h
he h d moe occ son nd me ns
h n ny o
he
o
no
e nd obseve he dongs, ye
much moe ( s
he n
ue of geneous
sp
s c es
hem) he w s w
chful upon
he kngh
, s n o
he

hngs so chefly n
hs, no

o be ou
un

hs g l nd of love;
so s by hmself nd by
he eyes of o
hes,
hee w s no
ny
p bu

would h ve been sped, no lkelhood bu

would h ve c ed suspcon
w
h 
; how much moe would
he kngh
's confesson h ve sunk n
o
hs he d? Would he, beng so wse pnce, h ve fogo

en
h

he
sobeness of hs choce would seve much fo s
sfyng
he wold,

ouchng hs dvoce? H d he no

me, h d he no
lesue
o le n,
o
nque nd sf
ou
ll
hngs? Hs c e used n g
heng opnons
of unves
es, nd n nfomng pnces of
he whole m

e, w
h
ll ccums
nces n
he m n gng
hs c use, by
he sp ce of some
ye s, show he w s no
so p sson
e love, bu
lso w
h l wse
nd consde
e pnce. Bu

s s d
he kng beleved 
no
! Ye

wh
? when
he kngh
( s
hs
le s 
h) offeed
o m ke
he kng see

, nd
h
vowed
o
he councl! Could such pnce s he sw llow

hs? Doub
less none
h
h
h hs w
s wll
hnk so, none
h
knew

he complexon of
he kng could nduce hmself
o suppose
hng so
ncedble. The c se of S F ncs B n's[207] openng of hs love
h d no
he effec
, nd shows pl nly
h

he kng w s of no
he
me
l, snce he c s
off
h
L dy loved gh
de ly ( s h
h been
s d) w
hou
f 
he m

e. And doub

less n
hs c se, he belevng

he m

e would h ve
hown off
hs l dy lso,
he m  ge no
ye

consumm
e, nd he h vng n hs own e lm nd bo d be u
es enough

o con
en
hm, nd me ns enough lso
o push on some o
he. Bu


s devsed
he kng beleved 
no
. No
belevng 
,
hnk we
he
kngh
could h ve esc ped punshmen
of sl ndee,
hough he mgh

by confessng, vod
he punshmen
of m lef c
o ( s
hey s y)
f
e? Ths no ou
 geous m dm n would beleve. If
he kng would o
could h ve p ssed 
ove,
he l dy n honou could no
, no mgh
. Bu

suppose lso
h
suppos l beyond ll suppose. Though
hey punshed

no
, would
hey,
hnk ye, h ve pu
hm n ced
nd dv ncemen

f
e? Would
hey h ve h d hm chef ewee even
he vey d y of he
coon
on? Would
hey h ve employed hm mb ss do n
h
m

e of

he m  ge? Ye , I s y moe! would

he kng lso h ve ew ded hm
w
h good po
on of l nds soon upon
hs? Bu
ll
hese wee so s
we h ve lleged
hem. The Choncles h ve hs sevce on
h
d y of
coon
on. Hs emb ss ges wee
wce bou

hs m

e known gh

well: I h ve seen
he p
en
s of
he g n
myself[208]. And
hese

hngs,
he l s
espec lly, I
he 
he llege, fo
h

he kngh

use
h
hem hmself s
es
mones of
he kng's good opnon of hm, n
hs defence befoe men
oned, whch lso by
he kng nd hs councl n

hose
mes w s lked nd llowed of s hs jus
pug
on, by whch

hey cqu

ed hm. Fn lly,

h
hs defence
hen m y nd s
o be
es
eemed hs defence now lso n
hs c se no

o be con
emned, nd
m y
hus be consdeed. Ths epo
e
h
h
he w s
wce wnnowed. The
m

es wee
he s me bo
h
mes,
he ccus
ons so fvolous,
he
nducemen
s nd poofs so dle,
h

hey pove no
hng moe
h n
h

hee l cked no wlls n hs dves y

o do hm hu
,
h n
h

hey
h d ny le s
colou of m

e
o wok 
. No
hng so mpe
nen
,
no
hng so unlkely
h

hey llege no
. Ye nd hs mos

us
y nd
bes
sevces
hey h d
he chef m

es of
he ccus
on, no
hng
w s so fond
h

hey pped no
up
o hs dsced
,

he le s

f 
mgh
h ve been. Ye
n ll
hs w s no wod o sgnfc
on
of ny such m

e. Though 
h d no
been bough
s
he gound of
hs ccus
on, would 
no
h ve been d wn fo
h
o gg v
e o
nduce
he m

e? Undoub
edly 
would, e
he n
he queen's lfe n
hs fs

ouble, nd 
would h ve done well
o evenge f he h d
done he
hs wong, o f
e
o he ove
how, o else n hs second

ouble g ns
hm. Bu
no one wod s o w s n 

ouchng ny such
m

es.
Af
e so m ny coss blle
s of cunnng pol
es, sumoun
ed by
he
gudng povdence of God, f
e so m ny
 ls of he
u
h, p ssed

hough by he wse nd v

uous goven nce,
he kng h vng evey w y
m de so
hoough poof how deep oo
honou h d
ken n he bosom, nd
h vng found 
no

o be sh ken even by hm,
hs oy l nd f mous
pnce Heny
he Egh
h, esolvng he m
chless pefec
ons mee
lone

o be joned w
h hs, now

he leng
h concluded fo
hw
h
o kn
up

hs m  ge, l

hough fo ce
n c uses
he s me w s
hough
moe
convenen

o be pefomed somewh
pv
ely nd sece
ly. On
he

wen
y-ff
h of J nu y[209],
heefoe,
he ceemony w s consumm
e.
The kng lso, sho
ly f
e h vng hmself moe sce
ned, nd by
moe nw d
 l moe ssued of he spous l
u
h, would ye
f 
he

es
fy
h
hs opnon of he, by gvng he
h
hghes
honou he
could gve he v
ues, n h vng he solemnly nd oy lly cowned. And

hus we see
hey lved nd loved,
okens of nce sng love pepe
u lly
nce sng be
ween
hem. He mnd bough
hm fo
h
he ch
e sues
of love of pe
y, love of
u
h, love of le nng. He body yelded
hm
he fu
s of m  ge, nes
m ble pledges of he f 
h nd loy l
love. And
ouchng
he fome of
hese, 
s hee fs
no

o be
fogo

en,
h
of he
me (
h
s dung
he
hee ye s
h
she
w s queen) 
s found by good obsev
on,
h
no one suffeed fo
elgon, whch s
he moe wo
hy
o be no
ed fo
h

could no

so be s d of ny
me of
he queens f
e m ed
o
he kng. And
mongs
o
he poofs of he love
o elgon
o be found n o
hes,

hs hee of me s
o be dded. Th
sho
ly f
e he m  ge, dves
le ned nd chs
 nly dsposed pesons eso
ng
o he, pesen
ed
he w
h sundy books of
hose con
oveses
h

hen beg n
o be
ques
oned
ouchng elgon, nd spec lly of
he u
ho
y of
he
pope nd hs clegy, nd of
he dongs g ns
kngs nd s

es. And
mongs
o
he,
hee h ppened[210] one of
hese, whch, s he m nne
w s, she h vng e d, she h d lso no
ed w
h he n l s of m

e
wo
hy
he kng's knowledge[211]. The book lyng n he wndow, he
m d (of whom h
h been spoken)
ook 
up, nd s she w s e dng 
,
c me
o spe k w
h he one[212]
hen su
o
o he,
h
f
e m ed
he; nd s
hey
lked he
ook
he book of he, nd she w
h l, c lled

end on
he queen, fogo

n hs h nds, nd she no
e
unng
n some long sp ce, he w lked fo
h w
h 
n hs h nd,
hnkng 

h d been hes. Thee encoun

eed hm soon f
e gen
lem n of
he
c dn l's of hs cqu n
nce, nd f
e s lu

ons, pecevng
he
book, eques
ed
o see 
, nd fndng wh

w s, p 
ly by
he


le, p 
ly by some wh
he e d n 
, he boowed 
nd showed 

o
he c dn l. Heeupon
he su
o w s sen
fo
o
he c dn l nd
ex mned of
he book, nd how he c me by 
, nd h d lke
o h ve come
n
ouble bou

, bu

h

beng found
o h ve pe
ned
o one
of
he queen's ch mbe,
he c dn l
hough
be

e
o defe
he m

e

ll he h d boken 

o
he kng fs
, n whch me n
me
he su
o
delveed
he l dy wh
h d f llen ou
, nd she lso
o
he queen,
who, fo he wsdom knowng moe wh
mgh
gow
heeupon, w
hou

del y wen
nd mp 
ed
he m

e
o
he kng, nd showed hm of
he
pon
s
h
she h d no
ed w
h he fnge. And she w s bu
newly come
fom
he kng, bu

he c dn l c me n w
h
he book n hs h nds
o
m ke compl n
of ce
n pon
s n 

h
he knew
he kng would
no
lke of, nd w
h l
o
ke occ son w
h hm g ns

hose
h

coun
en nced such books n gene l, nd spec lly women, nd s mgh

be
hough
w
h mnd
o go f 
he g ns

he queen moe dec
ly f
he h d peceved
he kng gee ble
o hs me nng. Bu

he kng
h

somewh
foe ds
s
ed
he c dn l, s we h ve showed, fndng
he
no
es
he queen h d m de, ll
uned
he moe
o h s
en hs un, whch
w s lso fu
heed on ll sdes.
On
he o
he p 
, of he body she b e hm d ugh
e on
he
seven
h[213] of Sep
embe,
o
he ge
joy
hen of ll hs people,
bo
h fo
h

he kng h d now ssue leg
m
e of hs own body, nd
fo
he hope of moe f
e. The kng lso he expessed hs joy fo

h
fu
spung of hmself, nd hs ye
moe confmed love
ow ds
he, c used he chld openly nd publckly
o be pocl med PRINCESS
ELIZABETH

he solemn
y of he b p
sng, pefeng hs younge
d ugh
e leg
m
e befoe
he elde n unl wful wedlock. And f
e

hs g n,

he poog
on of
he p l men
,
he
h
e
h of
M ch[214], he h d evey lod, kngh
, nd bugess swon
o n c
of
successon, nd
he n mes subscbed
o schedule fxed
o
he s me
s

u
e, whee 
w s en c
ed,
h
hs d ugh
e pncess Elz be
h, he
h vng none o
he he m le, should succeed hm
o
he cown.
And f
e wee commssones sen

o ll p 
s of
he e lm
o
ke

he lke o
h of ll men nd women n
he l nd. Ne
he lso wee he
v
ues only enclosed n he own be s
o shu
up n he own peson.
She h d pocued
o he ch pl ns[215], men of ge
le nng nd of no
less hones
convesng, whom she w
h hes he d much, nd pv
ely
she he d
hem wllngly nd gl dly
o dmonsh he, nd
hem heself
exho
ed nd encou ged so
o do. Also

he fs
, she h d n cou

d wn bou
he,
o be

endng on he, l des[216] of ge

honou,
nd ye
of ge
e choce fo epu

on of v
ue, undoub
ed w
nesses
of he spous l n
eg
y, whom she
 ned upon w
h ll commend
ons
of well odeed govenmen
,
hough ye
bove ll by he own ex mple she
shned bove
hem ll, s
och
h
ll mgh

ke lgh
of, beng

self s
ll moe bgh
. Those
h
h ve seen
_H mp
on Cou
_
he
ch nd exqus
e woks by heself, fo
he ge
e p 
wough
by
he own h nd nd needle, nd lso of he l des, es
eem
hem
he mos

pecous fun
ue
h
e
o be ccoun
ed mongs

he mos
sump
uous

h
ny pnce m y be possessed of. And ye
f  moe ch nd pecous
wee
hose woks n
he sgh
of God whch she c used he m ds nd

hose bou
he d ly
o wok n sh
s nd smocks fo
he poo. Bu

no
s
yng hee he eye of ch 
y, he h nd of boun
y p ssed
hough

he whole l nd; e ch pl ce fel

h
he venly fl me bunng n he; ll

mes wll emembe 

, no pl ce le vng fo v n fl mes, no
mes fo
dle
hough
s. He odn y moun
ed
o ff
een hunded pounds

he
le s
, ye ly,
o be bes
owed on
he poo. He povsons of s
ock fo

he poo n sundy needy p shes wee vey ge

. Ou
of he pvy
puse wen
no
l

le
o lke puposes. To Schol s n exhb
on
vey much: so s n
hee qu 
es of ye  he lms w s summed
o
fou
een o ff
een
hous nd pounds.
She w xng ge
g n nd no
so f
fo d ll nce,
he
me w s
ken

o s
e l
he kng's ffec
on fom he, when mos
of ll she w s
o
h ve been cheshed. And he once showng
o bend fom he, m ny
h

le s
ough
sh nk fom he lso, nd some len
on
he o
he sde; such
e
he flexble n
ues of
hose n cou
s of pnces fo
he mos

p 
. Unkndness gew, nd she w s bough
bed befoe he
me w
h
much pel of he lfe, nd of m le chld de d bon,
o he ge
e
nd mos
ex
eme gef. Beng
hus wom n full of soow, 
w s
epo
ed
h

he kng c me
o he, nd bew lng nd compl nng un
o
he
he loss of hs boy, some wods wee he d be k ou
of
he nw d
feelng of he he 
's dolous, l yng
he f ul
upon unkndness,
whch
he kng moe
h n w s c use (he c se

hs
me consdeed)

ook moe h dly

h n o
hewse he would f he h d no
been somewh

oo much ovecome w
h gef, o no
so much len
e. Wse men n

hose d ys judged
h
he v
ues w s hee he def ul
, nd
h
f
he
oo much love could, s well s
he o
he queen, h ve bone w
h
hs defec
of love, she mgh
h ve f llen n
o less d nge, nd n

he end h ve
ed hm
he moe eve f
e
o he when he h d seen
hs eo, nd _
h
_ she mgh

he 
he h ve done espec
ng
he
gene l lbe
y nd cus
om of f llng
hen
h
w y. Ce
nly, fom
hencefo
h
he h m s
ll moe nce sed, nd he w s
hen he d
o s y

o he: he would h ve no moe boys by _he_. H vng

hus so m ny, so
ge
f c
ons
home nd bo d se
loose by
he ds
oned f vou of

he kng, nd so few
o show
hemselves fo he, wh
could be? wh

w s o
helke bu

h
ll
hese gues
s lgh
ng on he
once should
pev l
o ove
how he, nd w
h he
hose
h
s
ood unde he f ll?
She nd he fends
heefoe wee suddenly sen

o
he Towe: nd
hs
g cous queen comng un
o
he en
y of
he g
e, she f llng down upon
he knees m de
h
pl ce eveend
emple
o offe up he devou

p yes, nd s b le
hee he soul be
en down w
h fflc
ons
o

he e 
h, w
h he f 
hful p yes bounded up
o he ven. "O Lod,"
s d she, "help me, s I m gul
less of
hs wheeof I m ccused."
The
me ppo ched fo
he he ng of he c use. The pl ce of he

 l n
he Towe m y somewh
dscove how
he m

e w s lked

o be h ndled. No
hee w s 
ppon
ed
he be

e
o conce l
he
henousness of
he ccus
on,
hough
h
mgh
be
he pe
ence. Fo

h
w s publshed n p l men

h

mgh
fom
hence spe d
bo d ove ll. He vey ccus
ons spe k nd even ple d fo he;
ll of
hem, so f  s I c n fnd, c yng n
hemselves open poof

o ll men's conscences of mee m

e of qu el, nd ndeed of
vey pep 
on
o some hoped l
e
on. The mos
nd chef of
hem
showng
o h ve come fom _Rome_,
h
popsh foge of cunnng nd

e chey, s _Pe
 ch_ long snce
emed 
.
_Ndo d
 dmen
 n cu s cuov
Qu n
o m l pe lo mondo hogg s sp nd._
Nes
of
e sons n whch s h
ch'd nd bed
Wh
ll
hs d y
he wold do
h ovespe d.
Fo
h
mos
odous of
hem, some
hng s
o be es
eemed by
he
pp en
wongs of
he o
he evl h ndlng of m

es. Bu
fo
hs

hng 
self, p 
ly 
s ncedble, p 
ly by
he ccums
nces
mpossble. Incedble,
h
she
h
h d 
he wod s 
wee,
he
sp
of he mnd, s h
h been s d,
h
she w s _Cs 's_ ll,
no

o be
ouched of o
hes, should be held w
h
he foul dese of
he bo
he. Ag n, she h vng so goodly pnce
o ple se he, who
lso h d showed hmself ble
o con
en
moe
h n one,
h
she should
ye
be c ed
o
hng so much bhong even wom nly ye s nd
o
n
ue 
self, much moe
o so chs
 n queen. Impossble, fo
he
necess y nd no sm ll

end nce of l des eve bou

he, wheeof
some, s f
e ppe ed, even sped un
o he pl ce nd gh
n
he
kng's love; ye , by m nfes
peven
on befoe
he
me. And ndeed,
heeof, 
w s he vey ccuses found 
mpossble
o h ve colou

o ch ge he w
h ny o
he
h n he bo
he, whch lso m de 
no
less mpossble even fo hm lke s o
he. Impossble, I s y, bec use
ne
he she could emove so ge
l des, by offce ppon
ed
o

end
upon he con
nu lly, fom beng w
nesses
o he dongs; ne
he fo

he d nge she s w she s

ood n, nd
he occ son d ly sough
, would
she fo he own wsdom, nd lso by
he dve
semen
s of he knded
nd followes, wheeof she h d m ny of mos
ge
undes
ndng,
expeence, nd f 
h, bou
he. Besdes, she could no
bu
be m de
moe w y nd w keful, f fo none o
he c use, ye
even
o
ke w y
ll colou fom he enemes, whose eyes wee eveywhee upon he
o
pck m

e, nd
he m lcous he 
s ben

o m ke some whee
hey
found none; s pl nly enough w s
o be seen when
hey wee dven
o

hose s
 
s
o
ke occ son
he bo
he's moe pv
e beng w
h
he;
he moe gudged
peh ps, fo
h

mgh
be supposed hs
confeence w
h he mgh
be fo
he be kng off
he kng's new love.
Fo
he evdence, s I neve could he  of ny, so sm ll I beleve 

w s. Bu

hs I s y, well w s 
s d of noble judge of l
e,
h

"h lf poof whee n

ue le de
h w s
o be es
eemed whole poof."
On
he con
 y, n
hs c se he would h ve s d, whole nd vey
bsolu
e poofs
o h ve been needful n such c se g ns
n
ue.
And I m y s y, by
he le ves, 
seems
hemselves
hey doub
ed
he
poofs would pove
he epoofs, when
hey dus
no
bng
hem
o

he poof of
he lgh
n open pl ce. Fo
hs pncp l m

e be
ween

he queen nd he bo

he,
hee w s bough
fo
h, ndeed, w
ness,
hs wcked wfe ccuse of he own husb nd, even
o
he seekng of hs
blood, whch I beleve s h dly
o be showed of ny hones
wom n eve
done. Bu
of he,
he judgmen

h
fell ou
upon he, nd
he jus

punshmen
by l w f
e of he n ugh
ness, show
h
wh
she dd
w s moe
o be d of hm
h n of
ue gound g ns
hm. And
h


seeme
h
hose noblemen
h
wen
upon
he queen's lfe found n
he
 l, when 
m y ppe  pl nly by
h
defence of
he kngh

h
of
h
h been hee men
oned,
h

he young noblem n
he Lod
Rochfod, by
he common opnon of men of bes
undes
ndng n
hose
d ys, w s coun
ed nd
hen openly spoken, condemned only upon some
pon
of s

u
e of wods
hen n foce. And
hs nd sundy o
he
e sons h ve m de me
hnk of
en
h
upon some cl use of
he s me
l w
hey gounded
he colou lso g ns
he, nd
h
fo o
he
m

es she h d cle ed heself well enough. I

seeme
h some ge

ones
hen h d
he h nds n d wng n
h
l w
o en
ngle o bdle
one no
he, nd
h
some of
hem wee
ken n
he s me ne
, s good
men
hen
hough
wo
hly. Suely my Lod Comwell nd
hs young lod
wee
ken n
hose en
nglemen
s, nd
he kngh
hmself, of whom s
spoken, h d h dly sc ped 
, s m y ppe  by hs defence, f he h d
no
by
he well delveng of
he goodness of hs c use boken
hough

. And
hs m y well seve
o dmonsh men
o be well w e how f 

hey dm
of l ws
h
sh ll
ouch lfe upon cons
uc
on of wods;
o,

he le s
, dm

ng
hem, how f 
hey le ve
o l wyes
o
n
epe
of
hem, nd espec lly
h

heeby
hey gve no
excuse
o
jues
o condemn
he nnocen
when sw y of
me should
hus
m

es
upon
hem. Thus w s she pu
upon he
 l by men of ge
honou; 

h d been good lso f some of

hem h d no
been
o be suspec
ed of

oo much powe nd no less m lce. The evdence wee he d ndeed,

bu
close enough, s enclosed n s
ong w lls. Ye
,
o show
he
u
h
c nno
by ny foce be l
oge
he kep
n hold, some belke of
hose
honou ble peson ges
hee, moe peh ps fo coun
en nce of o
hes'
evl
h n fo me ns by
he own u
ho
y
o do good (whch lso
pe dven
ue would no
h ve been w
hou

he own ce
n pels), dd
no
ye
fobe 
o delve ou
voces
h
c used evey whee
o be
mu

eed bo d,
h

h
spo
less queen n he defence h d cle ed
heself w
h mos
wse nd noble speech. No
w
hs
ndng such

 l, such judgmen
found he gul
y, nd g ve sen
ence of de
h
upon he
home, whom o
hes bo d, lvng
o feel he loss, found
gul
less.
The woful sen
ence w s gven; bunng o he dng

he kng's
ple sue, le vng open some sm ll pl ce
o p
y fo
he knd of de
h,
whch
he kng's conscence (no doub
) moved hm
o
ke n ppon
ng

he moe honou ble de

h. W
hn
hose w lls
hs execu
on w s
o be
done. Wh
needed
h
? The love known ndeed
o he by
he people w s
no

o be fe ed of
he kng, he love beng such
o hm s
o he l s

be
h she s
ood
o cqu
nd defend hm by he wods
he de
h,
c yng vey
ue m ge of he fome love nd lfe. "Chs
 n
people!" s d she, "I m come
o de, nd ccodng
o l w, nd by l w
I m judged
o de
h, nd
heefoe I wll spe k no
hng g ns

. I
m come h
he
o ccuse no m n, no
o spe k ny
hng of
h
wheeof
I m ccused nd condemned
o de. Bu
I p y God s ve
he kng, nd
send hm long
o egn ove you, fo gen
le nd moe mecful pnce
w s
hee neve, nd
o me he w s eve good, gen
le, nd soveegn
lod. If ny peson wll meddle of my c use, I eque hm
o judge
he
bes
. And
hus I
ke my le ve of
he wold nd of you, nd I he 
ly
dese you ll
o p y fo me. O Lod, h ve mecy on me! To God I
commend my soul." And so she kneelng down s d, "To Chs
I commend
my soul. Jesu, eceve my soul!" The bloody blow c me down fom hs

emblng h nd
h
g ve 
, when
hose bou
he could no
bu
seem
o

hemselves
o h ve eceved 
upon
he own necks, she no
so much
s shekng

. God povded fo he copse s ced bu l, even n
pl ce s 
wee consec
e
o nnocen
s.
END OF THE MEMOIR
OF QUEEN ANNE BOLEYN.
_The followng le

es, el
ng
o
he es
nd beh vou n pson
of Queen Anne Boleyn, e n
hemselves so n
ees
ng
h
no pology
seems necess y fo pl cng
hem n jux
pos
on w
h
he foegong
n
ees
ng memo. They h ve been ecen
ly gven
o
he publc n M.
Ells's ccu
e nd n
ees
ng collec
on of Hs
oc l Le

es;

h
gen
lem n h s pefeed pn
ng
hem s mu
l
ed f gmen
s,

o supplyng
he_ l cun _by such me ns s I h ve ven
ued
o dop
.
S
ype s w
hese le

es pevous
o
he c l m
ous fe n 1731,
whch njued so m ny v lu ble p pes n
he Co

on n Collec
on,
nd he h s gven l ge ex
 c
s fom
hem of
he mos
n
ees
ng
p ss ges: fom
hs souce,
heefoe, I h ve flled up such ch sms
s I could,
h

he e de m y no
be
n
lzed by
he engm -lke
ppe  nce of few dsjon
ed wods. The p ss ges suppled h ve been
c efully ds
ngushed by pn
ng
hem n I
lcs be
ween b cke
s,
nd s S
ype w s suffcen
ly ccu
e An
qu y, nd f 
hful
n hs ex
 c
s, 
s pesumed
h

he e de m y ely upon
he
u
hen
c
y of
he p ss ges
hus suppled._
_The e de s le dy cqu n
ed w
h
he w
e, S Wll m
Kngs
on,
he Leu
en n
o Cons
ble of
he Towe, fom
he fgue he
m kes n
he Lfe of Wolsey. See p. 369, e
seq._

LETTER I.
_S Wll m Kngs
on
o Sece
y Comwell, upon Queen Anne's
comm

l
o
he Towe._
[MS. COTTON, OTHO C. X. fol. 225.]
Thys ys
o dve
yse you pon my Lod of Nofolk nd
he kyngs
counsell dep 
[_nge_] fom
he Towe I wen
befoe
he quene n
o
hy lodgyng, & [_
hen she_] s yd un
o me, M. Kyngs
on, sh ll I go n

o dungyn? Now, m d m, y[_ou_] sh ll go n

o you logyng
h
you
l y n
you coon con. I
ys
o gu[_de_] fo me, she s yd, Jesu,
h ve mecy on me; nd kneled downe wepyng [_ge
_] p ce, nd n
he
s me soow fell n
o ge
l wyng, nd she h
he done [_so_] mony

ymes syns. And

hen she desyed me
o move
he kyngs hynes
h
she
[_mygh
_] h ve
he s c men
n
he close
by hy ch mb,
h
she
my[_gh
p y_] fo mecy, fo I m s clee fom
he comp ny of m n,
s fo s[_yn, s yd she s I_] m clee fom you, nd m
he kyngs

ew wedded wyf; nd

hen sh[_e s yd_] M. Kyngs
on, do you know whe
fo I m hee, nd I s yd N y, nd
hen [_she s yd_] when s w you

he kyng? nd I s yd, I s w hym no

syns I s w [_hm n_]
he Tyl
e
yede, nd
hen M. K. I p y you
o
ell me whe my [_Lod Roch_]fod
ys? nd I
old hy I s w hym foe dyne n
he co
. O [_whee ys_]
my swee
bod'e? I s yd I lef
hym
Yok pl ce, nd so I dyd. I
[_he  s y, s y_]d she,
h
I shuld be ccused w
h j men; nd I
c n s y [_no moe bu
_] n y, w
hyow
I shuld oppen my body; nd
he
w
h opynd [_he gown s yeng, O No_]es, h s

how ccused me,
how
 n
he Towe w
h me, & [_
hou nd I sh l_]l dy
o ge
he: nd,
M ke,
hou 
hee
o. O my mo
he, [_
hou wl
dy_] fo soow, nd
meche l men
ed my l dy of Woce
^, fo by c [_wse he chld_] dyd no

s
oe n hy body, nd my wyf s yd wh
shuld [_be
he c wse, she_]
s yd fo
he soow she
oke fo me: nd
hen she s yd M. K[_ngs
on,
sh ll I dy_] w
h yow
jus
^s; & I s yd,
he poes
suge

he kyng
[_h
h h d jus
s, nd_]
he w
h she l wed. All
hys s yngs w s
yes
e ny[_gh
_] . . . . . . . . &
hys moyng dyd
lke w
h mes
ys
Cos[217], [_ nd s d
h
No_]es dyd s y on Sund y l s
un
o
he
quenes mn[_e,
h
he wold sw_]ee fo
he quene
h
she w s gud
wom n. [_And
hen s yd Ms._] Cosyn, M d m, why shuld
he be hony
seche m
es [_spoken of? M y_,] s yd she, I b d hym do so, fo I
sked hym why he [_wen
n

hoough w
h_] hys m y ge? nd he m de
nsu he wold
y [_
me. Then s d she, you_] loke fo ded mens
showys; fo yf ow
h c m[_e
o
he kng bu
good_,] you wold loke
o
h ve me; nd he s yd, yf he [_should h ve ony soche
hough
_,] he
wold hys hed w  of; nd
hen she s yd, [_she could undo hm f she
wold_,] nd
he w
h
h y fell yow
. Bo
[_she s d, she moe fe ed
Wes
on; fo_] on Wysson Mond y ^{Twysd y} l s
[_Wes
on
old he_]
h

Noes c m moe u[_n

o he ch wmbe fo he
hen fo M_] ge[218], nd
fu
he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whe I
w s comm unded
o ch ge
he gen
lewemen
h
y gyf
h ye
ende pon

he quene,
h
ys
o s y,
h y shuld h ve now commynyc seon w
h hy,
n lese[219] my wyf w e pesen
, nd so I dyd h
, no
w
hs
undyng 

c no
be; fo my l dy Bolen nd mes
ys Cosyn lyes on
he quenes p le
,
nd I nd my wyf

he doe w
h yow
, so
[4]
h y mos
nedes
lke

[220] be w
hou
; bo
I h ve evey
hyng
old me by mes
ys Cosyn

h
she
hynks me
fo mee
o knowe, nd
o
he j gen
lewemen lyes
w
h yow
me, nd s I m y knowe [_
he_] kngs plesu n
he pemysses
I sh ll folow. Fom
he Towe
hs mo . . .
S^. syns
he m kyng of
hys le

e
he quene sp ke of Wes
[_on[221]

h
she_] h d spoke
o hym by c use he dyd love hy kynswom [_n Ms.
Skel
on nd
h
s_]he s yd he loved no
hys wyf; nd he m de nse
o
hy [_ g n
h
he_] loved won n hy howse be


hen
hem bo
he[;
_she sked hm who s
h
?
o whch he nsweed_]
h

ys you
self; nd
hen she defyed hym.
WILL[=M] KYNG[_STON_]

LETTER II.
_S Wll m Kngs
on
o Sece
y Comwell, on Queen Anne's beh vou
n Pson._

[MS. COTTON, OTHO C. X. fol. 222.]

Af
e you dep 
yng yes
ed y, Genew y gen
lm n yssh  c m
o me,
& . . . M. C o nd M s
^ By n comm nded hym n
he kyngs n me
o my
[_Lod of_]
Ro
chfo
fom my l dy hys wyf, nd
he mess ge w s now
moe . . . . . se how he dyd; nd lso she wold humly su
un
o
he
kyngs hy[_nes_] . . . . fo hy husb nd; nd so he g f hy
h nks,
nd desyed me
o know [_
wh
_]
yme he shuld cum ffoe
he kyngs
counsell, fo I
hynk I s[_h ll no
_] cum fo
he
yll I cum
o my
jogemen
, wepyng vey . . . . . . . . I dep 
ed fom hym, nd when
I c m
o
he ch mb
he [_quene he d_] of me nd sen
fo me, nd
s yde I hee s y my lod my [_bo
he s_] hee; 
ys
ow
h, s yd
I; I m vey gl d, s d sh[_e
h
we_] bo
he be so ny
oge
he;
nd I showed hy hee w se . . . . Wes
on nd Be
on, nd she m de
vey gud coun
en ns . . . . I lso s yd, M. P ge nd Wye
w se mo,

hen she s yd he h . . . . on hys fys

o
he d y nd ye hee now
bo
m . . . . . . I sh ll desye you
o b ye le

e fom me [_
o
M s
e_] Sece
oy; nd
hen I s yd, m d m,
ell 
me by [_wod of
mou
h & I_] wll do 
, nd so g f me
h nks s yng, I h [_ve moche
m vell_]
h

he kyng's counsell comes no

o me; nd
hys [_s me
d y she_] s yd we shuld h ve now  yne
yll she w e [_delveed ow
_]
of
he Towe. I p y you 
m y be sho
ly by [_c wse of
he_] f ye
we
he. You know wh
I m yne. The quen[_e s yd
hs_] nygh

h

he
kyng wys
wh
he dyd wh[_ n he pu
soche_] j bow
hy s my l dy
Boleyn nd Mes
es [_Cosyns, fo_]
h y cowd
ell hy now
hyng of my
[_lod he f
he no_] no
hyng ellys, bo
she defyed
hem ll. B[_o

upon
hs my l dy Bolen_] s yd
o hy, seche desye s you heve h [_d

o soche
les_] h se bow
he you
o
hys. And
hen s yd [_Ms. S
one,
M ke_] ys
he wos
cheyssh
of heny m[_ n n
he howse, fo he_]
w yes yenes, she s yd
h
w s [_bec ws he w s no_] gen
lem n. Bo
he
w se neve n m[_y ch mb^ bu

Wnches
, nd_]
he she sen
fo
hym
o ple[_y on
he vgn ls, fo
hee my_] logyng w s [_ bove
he
kngs_] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . fo I neve sp ke w
h hym syns, bo
pon
S
ed y befoe M y d y, nd
hen I fond hym s
ndyng n
he onde
wyndo n my ch mb of pesens, nd I sked why he w se so s d, nd
he nsued nd s yd 
w s now m
e, nd
hen she s yd, you m y no

loke
o h ve me speke
o you s I shuld do
o nobull m n, by c use
you be nnfee pesson. No, no, m d m, loke suffced me; nd
hus
f  you well . . [_s_]he h
he sked my wyf whe
he heny body m ks

h y bed . . . . [_m_]y wyf nsued nd s yd, n y, I w  n

you,
hen
she s y . . . . . . . y mygh
m ke b le

s Well now bo

he ys non
be
. . . . . . . . d
h
c n do 
, yese s yd my wyf m s
e Wye

by . . . s yed
ew.
. . . . my lod my bod' wll dy.}
. . . . ne I m su
hys w s s } WILL[=M] KYNGSTON.
. . .

downe
o den^
hys d y.}
. . . . .
hys d y
dne I sen
M. Noes hys dne & sen

hym . . . . . . . . kn ve
o hys pes

h
w y
ed pon hym
w
he . . . . . . . . . . .
un
o hym, nd he nsued hym
g yn . . . . . . . . . . . . ny
hyng of my confesson he ys wo
hye

o h ve . . . . . . . hy
I defy hym; nd lso he desye
h
o
h v . . . . . . . . . [_h _]lf nowe yf 
m y be
he kyngs plesu .
WILL[=M] KYNG[STON.]

LETTER III.
_S Wll m Kyngs
on
o Sece
y Comwell, w
h fu
he de
ls of

he Queen's conduc
._
[MS. COTTON, OTHO C. X. fol. 224 b.]
S^R.
The quene h
he meche desyed
o h ve hee n
he close

he
s c men
s, & lso hy mne who she suppose
h
o be Deve
; fo won
owe she ys de
emyned
o dy, nd
he nex
owe meche con
 y
o
h
.
Yes
ed y f
e you dep 
yng I sen
fo my wyf, & lso fo mes
ys
Cossyn
o know how
he[222] h d done
h
d y,
hey s yd she h d bene
vey mey nd m de ge
dyne, nd ye
sone f
e she c lled fo hy
suppe, h vyng m vell whe I w s ll d y; nd f
e suppe she sen

fo me, nd
my commyng she s yd, "Whe h ve you bene ll d y," nd
I m d nsue I h d bene w
h pysones, "so," she s yd, "I
how
h I
h d M. Tesu[_e_,"] I nsued he w s no
hee;
hen she be g n
lke
nd s yd I w s ceuely h ndeled ... Gweche w
h
he kyngs counsell
w
h my lod of Nofolke
h
he s yd, [_Tu
,
u
,
u
_,] nd sh kyng
hys hed j o j
ymes, nd s fo M s
e Tesue he w s n
he
[_Foes
of Wndso_.] You know wh
she meynes by
h
, nd n med M^.
Con
ole
o be vey [_gen
lem n_] ... she
o be quene nd cevely
h ndeled s w s neve sene; bo
I [_
hnk
he kng_] dose 

o pove
me, nd dyd l w
h w
h ll nd w s vey mey, nd
h[_en she s d I
sh ll h ve jus
_]s
s; nd
hen I s yde h ve now dow

he[_n_];
hen
she s yd yf hony m n [_ ccuse me I c n s y bo
n_] y, &
h y c n bng
now wy
nes, nd she h d
lked w
h
he gen
ell[_wemen_] ... s yd I
knew
M ks commyng
o
he Towe
h
nygh
I eys yved ...


w s x. of
he cloke o he w e well loged, nd
hen she s yd ... knew
of Noes goyng
o
he Towe, nd
hen she s yd I h d ... nex
yf 

h d bene leyd she h d wone, nd

hen she s yd I w[_old God I h d m_]y
bysshoppys fo
h y wold ll go
o
he kyng fo me, fo I
hy[_nke

he mos
p 
of_] Yngl nd p ys fo me, nd yf I dy you sh ll se
he
ge

e[_s
punshmen
fo m_]e w
hyn
hys vj yee
h
eve c m
o
Yngl nd, &
hen sh[_e s yd I sh l be n he ven, fo_] I h ve done mony
gud dedys n my d ys, bo
z
I
hynke [_moche onkndnes yn
he_] kyng

o pu
seche bow
me s I neve loved: I showed [_he
h

he kng

oke
heym_]
o be hones
nd gud wemen, bo
I wold h ve h d [_of myn
owne pevy ch mbe_,] weche I f vo mos
&c.
WILL[=M] KYNGST[_ON_.]
To M s
^ See
oy.

LETTER IV.
_Edw d B yn
on
o
he Te sue: decl ng
h
only one peson,
n med M k, wll confess ny
hng g ns
Queen Anne._
[MS. COTTON, OTHO C. X. fol. 209. b.]
M^R THEASURER,
Ths sh lbe
o dve
yse yow
h
hee s myche communyc con
h

nom n wll confesse ny

hyng g yns
he, bu
llonly M ke of ny
c
uell
hynge. Whefoe (n my folshe concey
e) 
shulde myche

oche
he kngs hono^ f 
shulde no f 
he ppeee. And I c nno

beleve bu

h

he o
he
wo bee s f[_ully_] culp pull s eve w s
hee. And I
hynke ssu[_edly_]
he on kep
h
he o
hes councell. As
m ny .... conjec
ues n my mynde c use
h me
o
hynk ... spec lly
of
he communyc con
h
w s l s
be
[_wene_]
he quene nd M s
e
Noes. M^. Aumene [_
olde_] me s I wolde I mygh
speke w
h M^.
S[_ece
oe_] nd yow
oge
he moe pl ynely expesse my ... yf c se
be
h

hey h ve confessyd lke we
... ll
hyngs s
hey shulde do

h n my n.......
poyn
e. I h ve mewsed myche
...... of m s
es
M gey whche h
h used he .... s
 ngely
ow d me of l
e, beng
he fy[_nde_] s I h ve ben. Bu
no dow
e 
c nn[_o
be_] bu

h

she mus
be of councell
heew
h, [_
hee_] h
h ben ge
fyndeshp
be
wene
he q[_ene nd_] he of l
e. I hee f 
he
h

he que[_ne_]
s
nd
h s
yfly n he opynyon
h
she wo...... whche I
hynke s n

he
us

h
she . ...
he
wo. Bu
f yo^ busynes be suche ..
.... no
com, I wolde gl dly com nd w y
e . ...... ke 
equysy
e.
Fom Genewy[_che_] ....... monyng.
EDWARD.....

LETTER V.
_S Wll m Kyngs
on
o Sece
y Comwell, M y 16^{
h}. 1536, upon

he pep 
ons fo
he execu
on of my Lod Rochfod nd Queen Anne._
[HARL. MS. 283. fol. 134. _Og._]
SIR,
Thys d y I w s w
h
he kyng's g ce nd decl ed
he pe
ysyons of
my Lod of Rochfod, when I w s nswed. S,
he s yd lod meche
desye
h
o speke w
h you, weche
owche
hys consyens meche s he
s y
h, when I p y you I m y know you plesu, fo by c use of my
pomysse m de un
o my s yd lod
o do
he s me, nd lso I sh ll desye
you fu
he
o know
he kyngs plesu
owchyng
he quene, s well fo
he comfy
s fo
he pep  con of skefolds nd ho
he necess ys
consenyng. The kyng's g ce showed me
h
my lod of C n
obuy shuld
be hy confess , nd w s hee
hys d y w
h
he quene; & no
[223]
n
h
m
e, s,
he
yme ys sho
, fo
he kyng suppose
h
he
gen
elmen
o dy
o moow, nd my lod of Rochefod w
h
he eysydew
of gen
elmen, & s z
w
h yow
[_confesson_] weche I loke fo, bo

I h ve
old my lod of Rochefod
h
he be n edynes
o moow
o
sulfu execusyon, nd so he ccepse[224] 
vey well, nd wll do hs
bes

o be edy, No
w
hs
ndyng he wold h ve eys yved hys ygh
s,
weche h
he no
bene used nd n espec ll hee. S, I sh ll desye
you
[225] we hee m y know
he kyngs plesu hee s sho
ly s m y
be,
[225] we hee m y pep ye fo
he s me weche[226] ys necess y,
fo
he s me we hee h ve now m y fo
o do execusyon. S, I p y you
h ve gud ymemb nce n ll
hys fo hus[227]
o do, fo we sh lbe edy
l w ys
o ou knowl ge. Z

hys d y
dyne
he quene s yd
[225]
she shuld go
o Anvues[228] & ys n hope of lyf, nd
hus f  you well.
WILLM KYNGSTON.

LETTER VI.
_S Wll m Kngs
on
o Lod Comwell, pp en
ly M y 18^{
h} 1536._
[MS. COTTON, OTHO C. X. fol. 223.]
SYR,
Thys sh lbe
o dve
yse you I h ve es yved you le

^ when yo[_u
wolde_] h ve s
 ngeys conveyed yow
of
he Towe nd so
h y be by

he [_me ns_] of Rch d Gessum, & Wll-m Loke, & Wy

hepoll, bo

he
[=n]mb[229] of s
 [_nges p s
_] no
XXX. nd no
mony; Ho
he nd

he nb ss
^ of
he empeo h d [_sev un
_]
he nd hones
ly pu

yow
. S^ yf we h ve no
n owe[230] se
en [_ s 
m y_] be knowen
n London, I
hynke he[_e_] wlbe bo
few nd I
hynk [_ eson ble_]
humbu[231] w e bes: fo I suppose she wyll decl e hy self
o b[_e
good_] wom n fo ll men bo
fo
he kyng

he o^ of hy de[_
h.
Fo
hys_] monyng she sen
fo me
h
I mygh
be w
h hy
[_soche

yme_] sshe eys yved

he gud lod
o
he n
en
I shuld hee by[_
speke s_]
owchyng he nnosensy lw y
o be clee. & n
he w
y[_ng
of
hs_] she sen
fo me, nd
my commyng she s yd, M. Kyngs
on, I
he[_  s ye I sh ll_] no
dy ffoe none, & I m vey soy
he foe;
fo I
how
h [_
h n
o_] be dede [_ n_]d p s
my p yne. I
old hy 

shuld be now p yne 

w[_ s so so

ell. And
hen she s d I_] h d s y

he execu
^. w s vey gud, nd I h ve ly[_

le necke, nd pu
he_]
h nd bow

l wyng h 
ely.
I h ve sen[_e mony men_ &] lso wemen execu
ed nd

hey h ve bene n
ge[_
e soowe, nd
o my knowle_]ge
hys l dy h
he meche joye nd
plesu n de
he. [_S, hy Amne s con
_]new lly w
h hy, nd h sse
byne syns j of
he clo[_cke f
e mdngh
. Ths s_]
he effec
of
hony
hyng
h
ys hee
[_
hys
yme, nd
hus f e yow_] well.
You . . . . . .
 WILL[=M] KYNG[_STON_.]
LETTER VII.
_Fom
he E l of No
humbel nd, ddessed "To hs beloved Cosyn
Thom s Aundel, one of
he Gen
lemen of my Lod Leg
es pevy
ch mbe." I
w s w

en soon f
e
he de
h of
he E l's f
he, n
1527. Refeed
o
p. 339 of Wolsey's lfe._
[FROM THE ARCHIVES OF THE DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND.]
Bedfellow, f
e my mos
h 
e ecommend con: Thys Mond y
he jd
off Augus
I esevyd by my sev un
, Le

es fom yow beyng d

he
XX^{
h} d y off July, delveyd un
o hym
he s yme d y

he kyngs

own of Newc s
ell; whe n I do pese yff my lod C den lls ple sou
ys
o h ve such boks s w s n
he Ch pell of my l
lod nd ff y
he
(wos soll Jhu p don). To
he ccomplyshmen
of whch
you desye
I m conffom ble, no
w
hs
ndng I
us

o be ble ons
o se
up
ch pel off myne owne. Bu
I p y God he m y look be

e upon me
h n
he do
h. Bu
me
hynk I h ve los
vey moch, pondeyng y
ys no be

e
eg dyd;
he occ son whe off he sh ll pes yff.
Fys
,
he long lyeng of my
essoe[232], w
h hys vey h s
y nd
unkynd wods un
o hym, no
on my p 
e deseved.
Also
he news off M. M nyng,
he whch ys blon oboud ove ll
Yokshe;
h
ney
he by
he kyng[233], no by my lod c den ll m I
eg dyd; And
h
he wyll
ell me
my me
yng w
h hym, when I come
un
o Yokshe; whch sh ll be w
hn
hys mon
h, God wyllyng: bu
I
ffe[234] my wods
o M^ M nyng sh ll dsple s my lod; fo I wll be
no w d.
Also, bedfellow,
he p yns I
yk nd h ve
ykyn sens my comyng
he
he, e no
be

e eg dyd; bu
by ffl

eyng Byshope of
C el[235] nd
h
f ls Wom[236] sh ll be bo
h[237]
o
he messey
nd c ffulness
h
I m n; nd n such sl ndes,
h
now nd my
lod c den l wold, he c nno
byng me how
h[238]
heeof.
* * * * *
I sh ll w
h ll sped send up you le

s w
h
he books un
o my lod's
g ce, s
o s y j An
effon s[239], such s I
hynk wee no
seen
ge
wyll; v G lls; n Odeoly; M nu ll; vj^{
h} Poffessones,
And ffo ll
he essdew,
hey no
wo
h
he sendng, no eve w s
occupyd n my lods ch pel. And lso I sh ll wy


hys
me s ye
h ve wylled me.
Yff my lod's g ce wyll be so good Lod un
o me, s
o gyf me
lychens[240]
o pu
Wyll^m Wome w
hn c s
ell of myn off Anwyk n
ssu
y, un
o
he
yme he h ve ccomp
yd ffo moe money ec^d.
h n
eve I ec^d., I sh ll gyff hys g ce j C^{l}. nd benefss off
C. wo
h un
o hys colleyg, w
h such o
he
hyngs esseved s hs
[g ce] sh ll desye; bu
un
o such
yme s myne Awdy
os h y
h
kyn
ccomp
off hm: whe n good bedfellow do you bes
, ffo els he sh ll
pu
us
o send myselff, s
ow me
yng I sh ll show yow.
And lso gyff secue cedens un
o
hs bee, whom I ssu yow I h ve
ffonddon m vellous hones
m n, s eve I ffownd n my lyff. In h s

my mones
y of Hul P k
he j^d. d y of Augus
. In
he owne h nd
off
 Yous eve ssued,
H. NORTHUMBERLAND.
To my bedfellow Aundel.

LETTER VIII.
_The E l of No
humbel nd
o Comwell, denyng ny con
 c
o
pomse of m  ge be
ween Anne Bullen nd hmself._
[ORIGINAL, COTT. LIB. OTHO C. 10.]
M^R SECRETARY, Ths sh ll be
o sgnfe un
o you
h
I peceve by
S R ynold C n by,
h

hee s supposed pecon
 c
be
ween
he
queen nd me; wheupon I w s no
only hee
ofoe ex mned upon my o
h
befoe
he Achbshopps of C n
ebuy nd Yok, bu
lso eceved
he
blessed s c men
upon
he s me befoe
he Duke of Nofolk, nd o
he

he kng's hghnes' councl le ned n

he sp
u l l w; ssung
you M^ Sece
y, by
he s d o
h, nd blessed body whch ffoe I
eceved, nd hee f
e n
end
o eceve,
h

he s me m y be
o my
d mn
on, f eve
hee wee ny con
 c
e o pomse of m  ge
be
ween he nd me. A
Newng
on Geen,
he xj
h d y of M ye, n

he 28^{
h} ye  of
he egne of ou sove gne lod Kng Heny
he
VIII^{
h}.
You ssued,
NORTHUMBERLAND.

LETTER IX.
_Queen C
hene of A gon nd Kng Heny VIII^{
h}
o C dn l
Wolsey, jon
le

e, 1527._
[MS. COTTON, VITELL. B. XII. fol. 4.]
M. Ells h s pn
ed
hs le

e n 
s mu
l
ed cond
on; I h ve
ven
ued
o supply
he _l cun_ fom
he copy n Bune
's Hs
oy of

he Refom
on, vol. . p. 55. Bune
ob
ned hs
 nscp
when

w s n pefec
s

e, bu
h s un ccoun
bly

bu
ed
he fs

p 
of
he le

e
o Anne Boleyn. I
s howeve s d by M. Ells
o
be n
he h nd-w
ng of C
hene, nd c nno
bu
be consdeed vey
n
ees
ng.

MY LORD, n my mos
e humblys
wys
h
my h 
c n
hnke [I _dese
you
o p don_] me
h
I m so bold
o
oubyl yow w
h my sympyl
[& _ude wy
eng, es
emyng_] y

o posed fom he
h
s muche
desus
o kno[_we
h
youe g ce does well_.] I p es ve be
hs
be 
h
you do;
he wche I [_p ye God long
o con
newe_,] s I
m mos
e bonde
o p y, fo I do know
he g[_e
e p nes nd
owbles

h
_] you h ve
ken fo me bo
he d y nd nygh
[_s neve lke
o
be ecompensyd on_] my p 
, bu
llonly n loveng you nex
on
o
he
[_knges g ce bove ll_] ce
ues leveng; nd I do no
dough
bu

he [_d yly poffes of my de des_] sh ll m nefes

ly decl e nd feme
my wy
e[_ng
o be
ewe, nd I do_]
us
e you do
hynke
he s me.
My lod, I do ssue you I do long
o he e fom you som newes of
he
leg
, fo I do hope nd [_
hey come fom you
hey_] sh ll be vey
good, nd I m seu
h
you deseye [_
s moche s I_] nd moe,
nd y

w e possbel s I knowe y

ys no
: And
hus em neng n
s
edf s
hope I m ke nend of my le

e, [_w

yn w
h
he h nde_] of
he
h
s mos
e bounde
o be----
_Hee Queen C
hene's p 
ends,
he es
s n
he h nd-w
ng of
Heny
he Egh
h._
The wy

e of
hys le

e wolde no
ce se
yll she h d [_c used me
lkewse_]
o se

o my h nd desyyng yow
howgh 
be sho

o
[_ ke

n good p 
_.] I ensue yow
he s no
he of us bu

h
ge

ly
desyy[_
h
o see you, nd_] muche moe ejoyse
o he e
h
you h ve
sc pyd
hys pl ge [_so well,
us
yng_]
he fuy
heeof
o be p ssyd,
spec lly w
h
hem
h
k[_epy
h good de

_] s I
us
you doo. The
no
heyng of
he leg
es yw ll [_n F nse c use
h_] us sumwh

o
muse; no

w
hs
ndyng we
us
by you dly[_gens nd vgl ncy_]
(w
h
he ssys
ence of Almygh
y God) sho
ly
o be e syd owgh
[_of

h

ouble_.] No moe
o yow

hys
yme bu

h
I p y God send
yow [_ s good he l
h_] nd pospe
y s
he wy
es wolde.
By you lovyng so[_ve gn & fende_]
HENR[_Y R._]

LETTER X.
_Anne Boleyn
o C dn l Wolsey._
[FIDDES' COLLECTIONS, p. 256.]
MY LORD, f
e my mos
humble ecommend
ons
hs sh ll be
o gyve
un
o you g ce s I m mos
bownd my humble
h nks fo
he ge
p yn
&
 velle
h
you g ce do
h
ke n s
eudyeng by you wysdome nd
ge
dylygens how
o byng
o p s hone bly
he ge
ys
wel
h
h
s
possyble
o come
o ny ce
o lyvng, nd n especy ll emembyng
howe we
chyd nd unwo
hy I m n comp yng
o hs hyghnes. And fo
you I do know my selfe neve
o h ve desevyd by my dese
ys
h

you shuld
ke
hs ge
p yn fo me, ye
d yly of you goodnes I do
peceyve by ll my fends, nd
hough
h
I h d no

knowlege by
hem

he d yly poffe of you deds do

h decl e you wods nd wy
yng

ow d me
o be
ewe; nowe good my Lod you dyscessyon m y consyde
s ye
how ly
le 
s n my powe
o ecompence you bu
ll onely wy
h
my good wyl,
he whche I ssewe you
h
f
e
hs m

e s bough

o p s you sh ll fynd me s I m: bownde n

he me n
ym
o owe you my
sevyse, nd
hen looke wh

hyng n
hys woeld I c n mm gen
o
do you ple so n, you sh ll fynd me
he gl dys
wom n n
he woeld

o do y
, nd nex
un
o
he kyngs g ce of one
hyng I m ke you full
pomes
o be ssewyd
o h ve y
nd
h
s my h 
y love unf ynydly
deweyng my lyf, nd beyng fully de
emynd w
h Godds g ce neve
o
ch nge
hys popos, I m ke n end of
hys my eude nd
ewe me nyd
le

e, p yng owe Lod

o send you moche nce se of hone w
h long
lyfe. Wy

en w
h
he h nd of he
h
besechys you g ce
o excep

hs le

e s posydyng fom one

h
s mos
bownde
o be

You humble nd
obeden
sev n
e,
 ANNE BOLEYN.

LETTER XI.
_Anne Boleyn
o C dn l Wolsey._
FROM FIDDES' COLLECTIONS, p. 255.
_Coll
ed w
h
he Ogn l n
he Co

on n Collec
on. B
. Mus.
O
ho_ C. X. fol. 218.
MY LORD, n my mos
humblys
wyse
h
my powue h 
c n
hynke I do

h nke you g ce fo you knd le

e, nd fo youe ych nd goodly

pesen
,
he whyche I sh ll neve be ble
o des ve wy
h ow
you ge

helpe, of
he whyche I h ve he
he
o h de so ge
e plen
e
h
ll
he
d yes of my lyfe I me mo s
e bownd of ll ce
os nex

he kyngs
g ce
o love nd seve you g ce, of
he whyche I besyche you neve

o dow
e
h
eve I sh lle v y fome
hs
hough
s long s ony
be
he s n my body. And s
ochyng you g ce's
oble w
h
he swe

I
h nke owe Lod
h

hem
h
I desyed nd p yed fo  sc pyd,
nd
h
s
he kyng nd you. No
dough
hyng bo

h
God h s pesevyd
you bo
he fo ge
e c wsys knowen llonly
o hs hygh wysdome. And s
fo
he commyng of
he leg
e I desye
h
moche; nd yf 
be Godds
ple so I p y hm
o send
hs m

e sho
ly
o good ende; nd
hen
I
us
my lod
o ecompense p 
of you ge
e p nys,
he whych I
mus
equye you n
he me ne
yme
o excep
e my good wyll n
he s
ede
of
he powe,
he whyche mus
posede p 
ly fom you s owe Loud
knowe
h
o whome I be syche
o sende you longe lyfe w
h con
new nce
n hono. Wy

en wy
h
he h nde of he
h
s mos
bound
o be
You humble nd
obedyen
sev n
e,
ANNE BOLEYN.

LETTER XII.
_C dn l Wolsey n hs Ds
ess
o Thom s Comwell._
MS. COTTON. VESP. F. XIII. fol. 76.
_Fom Fddes' Collec
ons, p. 256. Coll
ed w
h
he Ogn l._
MYN OWNE ENTERLY BELOVYD CROMWELL,
I beseche you s ye love me nd wyl evy do ny
hyng fo me, ep e
hy
he
hys d y s sone s
he p lemen
ys bokyn up, leyng p 
e
ll
hyngs fo
h

yme; fo I wold n
onely commynyc

hyngs un
o
yow when fo my comfo
& elef I wold h ve you good s d, dysce

dvyse & counsell, bu

lso opon
he s me commy

se
yng
hyngs
equyyng expedcon
o yow, on my beh lf
o be solycy
yd:
hs I p y
you
hefo,
o h s
you commyng hy
he ss foe, w
h ow
omy

yng
so
o do, s ye
endy my soco, elff & comfo
, nd quye
nes of
mynde. And
hus f e ye well: fom Ashe, n h s
,
hys S
yd y n
he
monyng, w
h
he ude h nde & soowful he
of you ssuyd love
T. CAR^{LIS} EBOR.
I h ve lso se
eyn
hyngs consenyng yow sylf wych I m suee ye
wolbe gl d
o hee & knowe: f yle no

hefoe
o be hee
hys nyg
h,
ye m y e
one e ly n
he monyng geyn yf nede shul so equye. _E


eum v le._
M. Augus
eyn[241] shewyd me how ye h d wy

yn on
o me le

e when
ye shuld dv^
yse of
he comyng hy
he of
he Duke of Nofolke: I
ssue you
he c m
o my h nds no suche le

e.

LETTER XIII.
_Fom Wolsey
o D. S
ephen G dene, Sece
y of S

e._
Communc
ed
o M. Gove by M. L

le
on, f
ew ds Lod L

le
on,
who possessed
he ogn l. I
s now n
he _Ashmole Museum_

Oxfod.
MY OWNE GOODE MASTYR SECRETARY,
Goyng
hs d y ou
of my pue
o sey m sse, you le

es d
yd
yes
enyg
h
London we delyveyd un
o me; by
he con
ynue wheof I
undys
nd,
h

he kyng's hyhnes, of hys excellen
goodnes & chey
e
ys con
en
yd,
h
I sh ll njoy & h ve
he dmynys
 con of Yoke
mely, w
h
he gyf

s of
he pomocyons sp
u l &
empo ll of
he
s me, esevyd onely on
o hs nobyll g ce
he gyf
of v o vj of
he
bes
pomocons. And
h
hys ple sue ys, I sh l leve Wynches
e
& S yn
Albons. As heeon
o M. Sece
y, I c n n
expesse howe
moche I m bowndyn
o
he kyng's oy l m jes
e fo
hys hys ge
&
bown
wse lbe ly
e, epu
yng
he s me
o be moche moe
hen I sh l
eve be byl
o deseve. Howbey
yf hys m jes
e, consydeyng
he sho

& ly

yl
yme
h
I sh l lyve hee n
hys wold, by
he e son of
such hevynes s I h ve conceyved n my he
, w
h
he unyuose of
he
olde howsys &
he dec y of
he s d chbyshopyck

he bes

o
he
sum of v C M cke ye ly, by
he e son of
he c
p ssyd fo Fynys
of Tes
men
s, w
h lso myn long p ynful sevys nd pooe dege; nd
fo
he decl 
on of hys g ce's excellen
chey
e, yf hys hyhnes be
myndyd I sh l leve Wynches
e & S yn
Albon's, wych I supposyd, when
I m d my submyssyon, no
offendyng n my
ew
h
ow ds hys oy l
p son, dygny
e, o m jes
e oy l, I should no
now h ve desyvyd
o
h ve lef
; nd much
he moe knowyng hs g ce's excellen
popensyon

o py
e & mecy, & emembeyng
he f ncke dep 
yng w
h of ll
h

I h d n
hys wold,
h
I m y h ve summe convenyen
penson esevyd
un
o me, suche s
he kyng's hyhnes of hys nobyll ch 
e sh l
hynke
me
e, so odeyng hs
h
sh l succede nd my lyvyng,
h

he s me
m y be of lyck v lew yeely nd exs
en
. Whee
my
us
ys, nd my
he
e so gevy
h me,
h
hys m jes
e wold m ke no dyffycul
e, yf y

m y lycke yow fendly

o popone
he s me, ssuyng yow
h
I desye
no

hys fo ny mynde (God ys my judge),
h
I h ve
o ccumul
e
good, o desye
h
I h ve
o
he muke of wold; fo, God be
h nkyd,


hys owe I se
no moe by
he yches & pomocyons of
he wold,

hen by
he oshe undy my fo
e; bu
onely fo
he decl 
on of
he
kyng's f vo & hyhe chey
e, &
o h ve wheew
h
o do good dedys, &

o helpe my pooe sev n

s nd kynnysfolks. And fu
hemoe
h
y

wold ple se
he kyng's excellen
goodnes by you fendly medy con,
consydeyng how slendyly I m funyshyed n my howse, nowe spec lly

h

he pp ell of Wynches
e nd S yn
Albons sh l be
kyn fom me,

o geve nd ppoyn
un
o me convenyen
feny
ue fo
he s me, _non
d pomp m, sed necess  m hones

em_. And yf I m y h ve
he fee gyf

 nd dysposycon of
he benefyces, y
sh lbe ge
ly
o my comfo
. And
ye
when ny of
he v o v pyncyp ll sh l fo
une
o be voyd,
he
kyng's g ce beng myndyd
o h ve ny of
hem, hys hyhnes sh lbe s
sue of
he s me, s
hough
hey we esevyd. And
hus by hs nobyl &
mecyful goodnes delyveed ow
of ex
eme c l m
e, & es
oyd
o
newe fedome, I sh l, w
h God's mecy & help, so ody my lyff,
h
I

us
hys m jes
e sh l
ke spec l comfo

hen, & be ple syd w
h

he s me: _Speo quod hoc, qu pe

o, non vdeb
u m gn _. Howbey
I
mos
humbly submy
nd efee ll my pe
y
ons, _mmo ps m v
m_,

o hs g cyous odyn nce & ple sue, p yng yow

o decl e & sygnfy

he s me, supplyng myn ndysposycon & l cke of wy

, conceyvyd by
e son of my ex
eme soowe & hevynes,
h

he s me m y be
o
he
kyng's con
en
con, when I h d leve be ded
hen
o offende n wod,

howgh
, o dede, nd s
owchng
he g n
yng of
he fee of one c l.
fo M. Noes duyng hys lyff fo hys good sevys done un
o
he kyng's
hyhnes, fo
he wych I h ve lw ys lovyd hm, nd fo
he sngule
good he
nd mynde,
h
I knowe he h
h lweys bone un
o me, I m
con
en

o m ke ou
my g wn
e upon
he s me, ye & 
wol ple se
he
kyng
o nl ge 
one c. l. moe; nd sembl bly c use M. Thes uo
h
h
he kepyng of
he kyng's g me nygh
o Fen m, I wold gl dly, f

m y s
nd w
h
he kyng's ple sue, g wn
e un
o hym
he eveson
of such
hnges s
he Lod S nds h
h
hee, w
h
he mpl con of

he fee bove
h
wych s oldely ccus
omyd,
o
he sum of xl. l.
by
he yeee; & lso I wold gl dly geve
o M. Comp
olle lycke
fee, &
o M. Russel, no
he of xx. l. by
he yeee. Remy

yng
hys
nd ll o
he my su
es
o
he kyng's hyhnes ple sue, mecy, p
y, &
comp sson, mos
e holly. Beseechyng hys Hyhnes so nowe g cyously
o
ody me,
h
I m y fom hensfo
h seve God que
ly & w
h epose
of mynd, & p y s I m mos
bowndyn, fo
he consev cyon & nce se
of hs mos
nobyll nd oy l s

e. And
hus w
h my d yly p ye I
byd yow f ewell. Fom Ashe h s
ely w
h
he ude h nd nd mos
e hevy
he
e of
Yow ssuyd fende & bedysm n,
T. CAR^{LIS} EBOR.

LETTER XIV.
_C dn l Wolsey
o D. S
ephen G dene._
Ths Le

e w s lso communc
ed
o M. Gove by M. L

le
on. I
s
now n
he Ashmole Museum
Oxfod.
MY OWNE GOODE MASTYR SECRETARY,
Af
y my mos
e he
y commend cons I p y yow

he eveens of God

o helpe,
h
expedcon be usyd n my pesu
s,
he del y wheof so
eplenyshy
h my he
e w
h hevynes,
h
I c n
ke no es
e; n

fo ny v yne fee, bu

onely fo
he mse ble condycon,
h
I m
pesen
ly yn, nd lyclyhod
o con
ynue yn
he s me, onles
h
yow,
n whom ys myn ssuyd
us
e, do help & eleve me
hen; Fo fys
,
con
ynuyng hee n
hs mowes
& coup
ye, beyng en
eyd n
o

he p ssyon of
he dopsy. _Cum pos

one ppe

us e
con
nuo
nsomno._ I c nn
lyve: Whefo of necessy
e I mus
be emovyd

o some o
he dye ye nd pl ce, whee I m y h ve comody
e of
physycy ns. Secondly, h vyng bu
Yoke, wych s now dec yd, by v C.
l. by
he yeee, I c nno

ell how
o lyve, & kepe
he pooe nomby of
folks wych I nowe h ve, my howsys
he be n dec y, nd of evy
hyng
me
e fo howssold onpovydyd nd funyshyd. I h ve non pp ell fo my
howsys
he, no money
o bng me
he
he, no
o lyve wy
h
yl
he
popysse
yme of
he yeee sh ll come
o emove
he
he. Thes
hyngs
consydeyd, M. Sece
y, mus
nedys m ke me yn gony nd hevynes,
myn ge
hew
h & sycknes consydeyd, l s M. Sece
y, ye w
h
o
he my lodys shewyd me,
h
I shuld o
hewyse be funyshyd & seyn
un
o, ye knowe n you lenyng & consyens, whe
he I shuld fofe
my
sp
u l
es of Wynches
e o no. Al s!
he qu ly
es of myn offencys
consydeyd, w
h
he ge
punshmen
& losse of goodes
h
I h ve
sus
ynyd, ow

o move pe
yfull he
ys; nd
he mos
e nobyl kyng,
o
whom yf y
wold ple se yow of you chey
ble goodnes
o shewe
he
pemyses f
y you ccus
om ble wysdome & dex
ey
e, y
ys no

o
be dowb
yd, bu
hs hghnes wold h ve consyde cyon & comp ssyon,
ggmen
yng my lyvyng, & ppoyn
yng such
hyngs s shuld be convenen

fo my fun
ue, wych
o do sh lbe
o
he kyng's hgh hono, mey
e,
& dysch ge of consyens, &
o yow ge
p yse fo
he byngyng of
he
s me
o p sse fo you olde bynge up nd lovyng fende. Thys kyndnes
exb
e fom
he kyng's hyghnes sh l polong my lyff fo some ly
yl
whyl,
how y
sh ll n
be long, by
he me ne wheeof hys g ce sh l

ke pofyg

, & by my de
h non. Wh
ys y

o hys hyhnes
o gve some
convenyen
pocon ow
of Wynches
e, & Seyn
Albons, hys g ce
kyng
w
h my he
y good wyl
he esydew. Remembe, good M. Sece
y, my
pooe dege, & wh
sevys I h ve done, nd how nowe ppochyng
o
de
h, I mus
begyn
he wold geyn. I besech you
hefoe, movyd w
h
p
y nd comp ssyon soke me n
hys my c l my
e, nd
o you powe
wych I knowe ys ge
, eleve me; nd I wy
h ll myn sh l no
onely
scybe
hys my elef un
o yow, bu
lso p ye
o God fo
he nce se
of you hono, & s my pooe sh l nce se, so I sh l no
f yle
o
equy
e you kyndnes. Wy

yn h s
ely
Ashe, w
h
he ude nd
sh ckyng h nd of
You d yly bedysm n,
And ssuyd fend,
T. CAR^{LIS} EBOR.
To
he ygh
hono ble nd my ssuyd fende M s
y Sece
y.

LETTER XV.
_C dn l Wolsey
o Sece
y G dene_,
Desng hm
o w
e
o hm nd gve hm n ccoun
of
he kng's
n
en
ons w
h eg d
o hm. (_Fom S
ype._)
Myn own good m s
y sece
y, lbe
I m n such l

on nd
ndspos
on of my hede & body, by
he me nsse of my d yly soowe &
hevynesse,
h
I m fen om

o w
ny long l[=e]s. Ye
my
us
yng
fend, Thom s Cowmwel, e
onyng & ep yng un
o yow, I cowde n

fobee, bu
bvely
o pu
yow n ememb nce: how
h
f
y
he
consul

on
kyn by
he kyngs hyghnes opon myn odeyng, whch ye
supposyd shulde be on Sund y w s sevennygh
, ye wolde no
f yle
o
dve
yse me

he leng
h of
he spec l
es
heeof. Of
he [=w]ch
o
hee & h ve knowleg, I h ve & d yly do looke fo. I p y yow
heefoe


he eveens of God, & of
hs holy
yme, & s ye love &
endy my
pooe lyf, do so moche s
o wy

on
o me you seyd l[=e]s: wheby
I m y
ke some cumfo
& es
: n
dow
ng bu
you he
s so gen
yl
& p
yful,
h
h vyng knowleg n wh
gony I m yn, ye wole
ke
he
p yne
o send on
o me you seyd consoll
oy l[=e]s. Wheby ye sh l
n
onely deseve
ow d God, bu
lso bynde me
o be s I m, you
con
ynu l bedysm n. Wy

en
hs monyng
Ashe, w
h
he ude h nd
nd sooweful he
of yous w
h he
nd p ye.
T. CARDINALIS EBOR. Msemus.
To
he gh
hono ble M. Sece
y.

LETTER XVI.
_C dn l Wolsey
o Sece
y G dene._
To d w up hs p don. (_Fom S
ype._)
MYN OWNE GOOD MASTYR SECRETARY,
Af
y my mos
e he
y ecommend
ons, w
h lycke
h nks fo you
goodnes
ow ds me,
hes sh l be
o dve
yse yow
h
I h ve beyn
nfomyd by my
us
y fend Thom s Comwell
h
ye h ve sgnfyed on
o
hym
o my syngul  consol
on how
h

he kynges hghnes movyd w
h
pe
y & comp ssyon, & of hys excellen
goodnes & chey
e consydeyng

he l men
ble cond
on & s


h
I s
nd yn, h
h wyllyd yow
w
h o
he lods nd m s
ys of hys hono ble cownsell,
o n
ende

o
he pefygh
yng & bsolvyng w
hou
fu
he
 c
o del y of myn
end & ppoyn
emen
; nd
h
my p don shulde be m de n
he mos
e
mple fome
h
my counsell cowde devse. Fo
hys
he kyngs mos
e
g cyous ememb nce, pocedyng of hymself, I ccomp
my sylf no
onely
mos
e bowndyn
o seve & p y fo
he pesev
on of hys mos
e oy l
m jes
e, bu
lso
h ncke God
h
ye h ve occ son gven on
o you
o
be sollycy
e & se

e fo
h of such
hynges s do & sh ll conseve
my seyde ende. In
he m kyng & compowndyng wheof myn ssued
us
e
s,
h
ye wole shewe
he love & ffec
on wych ye h ve & bee
ow ds
me, you olde love & fende: so decl yng you self
hen,
h

he
wolde m y p ceyve
h
by you good me nys
he kyng ys
he be

y
goode lode un
o me; &
h
nowe newly n m ne comyng
o
he wold,

he m ye be such espec

h d
o my pooe degee, olde ge & longe
con
ynued sevys, s sh l be
o
he kyngs hygh hono & you ge
p yse
& l ude. Wych ondow
ydly sh ll folowe yf ye op
nde yowe benyvolens

ow ds me, & men peceve

h
by you wsdome & dex
e
e I sh lbe
elevyd, & n
hs my c l my
e holpen. A

he eveens
heefoe of God
myn owne goode M. Sece
y, & efugy, nowe se

o you h nde,
h
I
m y come
o l ud ble end & epos, seyng
h
I m y be funyshyd f
y
such so
e & m ne s I m y ende my sho

yme & lyff
o
he hono of
Cys
es chuche &
he pnce. And besdes my d yly p ye &
ue he

I sh l so equy
e you kyndnes, s ye sh ll h ve c use
o
hyncke
he
s me
o be well mployde, lycke s my seyd
us
y fende sh ll moe
mply shewe on
o you. To whom y
m y ple se yow
o geve fme cedens
nd lovyng udyens. And I sh ll p y fo
he nce se of you honou.
Wy

yn
Asshe w
h
he
emyllyng h nd & hevy he
of you ssuyd
love & bedysm n
T. CARD^{LIS} EBOR.
To
he ygh
hono ble nd my sngul  good fende M ys
e Sece
y.

LETTER XVII.
_C dn l Wolsey
o Sece
y G dene_,
Desng hm
o f vou
he c use of
he Povos
of Bevely, nd
o
n
ecede w
h
he kng fo hm nd hs colleges. (_Fom S
ype._)

MYNE AWNE GENTIL MAISTER SECRETARY,

Af
e my moos
e he
y ecommend
ons,
hese sh l be
o
h nke you fo

he ge
e hum n
e, lovyng & gen
l ecule,
h
ye h ve m de un
o
he
pooe Povos
of Bevely: & spec ly, fo
h
ye h ve n such wse
ddessed hym un
o
he kngs hghnes pesence,
h
hs g ce no
onely
h
h shewed un
o hym,
h
he s hs goode & g cous lode, bu
lso

h

h
h ple sed hys m jes
e
o dm

e & ccep
e hym s hs pooe
o
o & schole. Wheby bo
h he & I ccomp
e ou selfs so bounden
un
o you,
h
we c nno

elle how
o equ
e
hs you g

ude &
kyndenes; moos
e h 
ely p yng you
o con
ynue n you good f vou

ow ds hym, &

o
ke hym & hs poe c uss n
o you p
ocynye &
po
ec
on. And, s myne ssued expec

on &
us
s,
o emembe

he poo s

e & cond
on
h
I s
ond n, &
o be me ne
o
he
kyngs hghness fo my elefe n
he s me. In doyng wheof ye sh l no

onely deseve
h nks of God, bu
lso decl e
o you pepe
u l l ud
nd p yse,
h
ye beyng n uc
o
e, h ve no
fogo
en you olde
m s
e & fynde. And n
he wey of ch 
e, & fo
he love
h
ye
bee
o v
ue, & _ d bon s
ud _, be me ne
o
he kyngs hghnes fo
my pooe colleges; nd spec lly fo
he college of Oxfod. Suffe no

he
hngs, whch by you ge
e lenyng, s
ude, couns le &
 v le,
h
h bene eec
ed, founden, & w
h good s

u
es & odn nces,
o

he honou of God, nce se of ve

ue & lenyng es
blshed,
o be
dssolved o dsmembed. Ye do know, no m n be

e,
o wh
use
he
mon s
ees, suppessed by
he pops lcence,
he kyngs consen
e
concuyng w
h
he s me, & p don fo
he pemone[242], be
conve
ed. I
s n

o be doub
ed, bu

he kyngs hghnes, of hs hgh
ve
ue & equ
e, beyng nfomed how evey
hng s p ssed, hs moos
e
g cous lcense & consen
e ( s s foes d) dhb
ed
heun
o, wol
neve go bou
e
o dssolve
he s d ncopo
ons o bodyes, wheof
so ge
e benef
e & commod
e sh l nsue un
o hs e lme & subjec
s.
Supeflu
es, f ny such sh l be
hough
& founden, m y be esec
;
bu

o des
oy
he hole, 
wee
o ge
e p
e.
Ef
sones
heefoe, good M s
e Sece
e, I beseche you
o be good
m s
e & p
one
o
he s d colleges: "E
non sn s opus m nuum

u um pee, u
d nhlum edge." Thus doyng, bo
h I, &
hey sh l
no
onely p y fo you, bu
n such wse deseve you p ynes, s ye
sh l h ve c use
o
hnke
he s me
o be wel bes
owed & mployed, lke
s
hs pesen
bee sh l moe

he l ge shewe un
o you. To whom

m y ple se
he s me
o geve fme cedence. And
hus moos
e h 
ely
f e ye wel. Fom So
hewell,
he xxj^{
h} d y of July.
You lovyng fende,
T. CAR^{LIS} EBOR.
To
he gh
hono ble & my sngul  good fende M^ Doc
o S
ephyns,
Sece
oy
o
he Kngs Hghnes.

LETTER XVIII.
_C dn l Wolsey
o Sece
y G dene_,
Desng hs f vou n su
g ns
hm fo deb
of 700_l._ by one
S
 ngwsh. (_Fom S
ype._)
MYNE AWNE GOOD MAISTER SECRETARY,
Af
e my moos
e h 
y ecommend
ons,
hese sh l be
o dese, &
moos
e effec
uelly
o p y you
o be good m s
e & fende un
o me,
concenyng
he unch 
ble su
e of S
 ngwshe fo vj C l., whch
he pe
end
h
h
I shulde owe un
o hym, fo
he w d of Bowes. And
lbe

hee w s
hs fys
e comyng
o my sevce, by ou mu
u l
consen
s, pefec
e end m de be
ween hym & me fo
he s me, ye
nowe
dgessyng
hefom, peceyvyng
h
I m ou
of f vou, des

u
e of
socou, & n c l m
e, he no
onely newly dem undy
h
he s d vj C l.
bu
lso h
h m de compl n
un
o
he kyngs hghnes, sum

yng,
h

I shulde, con
 y
o jus
ce, de
eyne fom hym
he s d vj C l. Fo

he edesse wheeof, 
h
h ple sed
he kyngs m jes
e
o dec
hs
moos
e hono ble le

es un
o me;
he con
en
s wheof I m sue be n

unknown un
o you. And nsung
he pupo
e
heof, & foe
he delyvee
of
he s me
he d ys by p s
, no
w
hs
ndng my ge
e necess
e
& pove
e, onely
o be ou
of hs excl m
on & nque
nes, I h ve
w

en
o my
us
y fende, M^ Comwel,
o m ke ce
eyn e son ble
offes un
o hym fo
h
n
en
nd pupose; moos
h 
ely besechng
you
o helpe,
h
upon decl 
on of such
hngs, s upon my p 

sh l be sgnfed un
o you by
he s d M s
e Comwell, some such end,
by you fendely dex
e
e, m y bee m de be
wx
us, s sh l ccode
w
h good conguence, & s I m y suppo
e & be h ble (myne o
he deb
s
nd ch ges consdeed)
o bee. In
he doyng wheof, ye sh ll bynde me

o be you d yly bedesm n, s knowe

h God, who lw yes peseve you.
Fom So
hewell,
he xxv^{
h} d y of Augus
.
Yous w
h he
& p ye,
T. CAR^{LIS} EBOR.
To my gh
en
ely welbloved fende M^ S
ephyn G dene, Sece
oy

o kyngs hghnes.

LETTER XIX.
_Le

e de Monseu de Bell y Evesque de B yonne M^ le G n

M s
e._ De Londes le xvj Oc
. 1529.
[MSS. DE BETHUNE BIBLIOTH. DU ROY, V. 8603. f. 113.]
MONSEIGNEUR, depus les le

es du Roy & les ul

es vos
es que je
pensoye su l'heue envoye, ce

e depesche es
e e
d jusques
psen
, p ce qu'l f llu f e & ef e les le

es que je
vous envoy
ou
plen de fos, & pou ce lle & ven souven
,

n
les Ducs mmes qu' ul
es de ce consel Wndesoe, don

ou
e
ce

e heue ls les m'on

envoyes en l fome que veez p  le
double d'ceux. Ils me pen
le plus fo
du monde de f e qu'on ne

ouve m uv s s en ces expd

ons, & mesmemen
en ce que
ouche
le pncp l de l depesche, je ne sus de
ou
s
sf 
comme je
vouldoye, & uss eulx mesmes, s'excus ns que leu m ne de ngoce
enves leu m s
e n'es
encoe ben desse, m s pou l' dven
dobven
f e mevelles, & en b llen
de s g nds sseu nces &
s ben jues, que je ne pus me g de de les coe; je n' y pon

efeschy mes le

es u Roy, c  je ne voy pon

qu'l y en 

m
e.
Au demou n
, j' y es
vo le C dn l en ses ennus, o j' y
ouv
les plus g nd exemple de fo
une que on ne sc uo
vo, l m'
emons
 son c s en l plus m uv se h
oque que je vz j m s,
c  cueu & p olle luy f lloen
en
emen
; l ben plou &
p que le Roy & M d me voulsssen
vo p
 de luy, s'ls voyen

ouv qu'l leu eus

gu d pomesse de leu es
e bon sev
eu
u
n
que son honneu & povo se y es
peu es
ende, m s l me
l fn l ss s ns me pouvo de u
e chose qu v lls
meux que
son vs ge, qu es
ben descheu de l mo
 de jus
e ps: & vous
pome
s, Monsegneu, que s fo
une es

elle que ses ennems, encoe
qu'ls soyen
Angloys, ne se sc uoyen
gu de d'en vo p
, ce
nonobs
n
ne le l sseon
de le pousuve jusques u bou
, & ne
voy
de moyen de son s lu
, uss ne f s-je snon qu'l pl se u
Roy & M d me de l' yde. De lg
on, de sce u d' uc
o
, de
cd
l n'en dem nde pon
, l es
pes
de l sse
ou
jusques
l chemse, & que on le l sse vve en ung hem
ge, ne le
en n

ce Roy en s m l gce: Je l' y econfo

u meulx que j' y peu,
m s je n'y y sceu f e g n
chose: Depus p  un en qu l se
fe, l m' m nd ce qu'l vouldo
qu'on fes
pou luy de l plus
g nd p 
e, luy voy n
qu'l ne
oucho
u ben des ff es du
Roy qu'on luy ccod s
l plus  sonn ble chose qu dem nde, c'es

que le Roy escpvs

ce Roy qu'l es
un g nd bu
de p  del
qu'l l' 
ecull d' u
ou de luy, & fo
eslong de l bonne gce,
en so
e qu'on dc
qu'l dobve es
e des
uc
, ce que ne pense

o
lemen
es
e comme on le dc
;
ou
efos pou l bonne f
en
,
qu'ls on
ensemble, & s g n
communc
on de
ous leus plus g ns
ff es, l' ben voulu pe de y vo g d, ffn qu'l n'en
en
e sould nemen
quelque m uv se f n
se enves ceulx qu on

veu qu'en s g n
solemn
& uc
o
, l 
sevy d'ns
umen

en ce

e pep
uelle m

n
enomme p 
ou
e l Ch
en
; &
que s d' dven
ue l es
o
en
 en quelque m lcon
en
emen
de luy,
l velle ung peu mode son ffec
on, comme l es
ben s que
luy vouldon
conselle ceulx qu son
u
ou de s pesonne & u
m nemen
de ses plus g ndes ff es. Vol, Monsegneu, l plus
 son ble de
ou
es ses dem ndes, en l quelle ne me veulx nge de
de mon dvs, s d y-je ben qu'l n'y pesonne c qu deus

pende m l
elle le

e; & mesmen

l o ls consdeon
, comme de
f c
ls fon
, qu'l son
focs de pende &
en plus que j m s
vo
e p 
y, & d' dv n
ge sseue y ben que l plus g n
pnse
qu'ls yen
pe vo suz luy du commencemen
, & qu plus leu
sev le boulle enves le Roy, es
qu'l dcl  m venu
decz
op ouve
emen
de voulo lle C mb y, c  les ul
es
pesu deen
u m s
e ce que c'es
oen
, seulemen
pou v
e
d'es
e l'expd
on du m  ge, & ou
e cel vous pome
s que s ns
luy les ul
es mec
oyen
ce Roy en ung
eble
 n de ompe l
p
que de p x don
vous escpvs quelque mo
en ce
emps-l , m s
j'en l ss y dx fos en l plume, voy n
que
ou
es
o
 bll,
je vous les d y es
n
l, & je sus seu que le
ouveez fo

es
 nge: Il me semble, Monseu, que
ou
cel , & pluseus ul
es
choses que ben en
endez de vous-mesmes, on dob
vo quelque g d,
vous donneez, s'l vous pl s
, dvs u Roy & M d me de
ou
cecy,
ffn qu'ls dvsen
ce qu'l leu pl  en f e, s'ls pensen

n'empe p  cel leus ff es, je coy que voulen

es, ou
e ce
que se quelque ch 
, ls vouldon
qu'on cognosse qu'ls yen

e
 ung leu ffec
onn sev
eu, &
enu pou
el p  chescun, des
po
es d'enfe; m s su
ou
, Monsegneu, l dese que ce Roy ne
connosse qu'ls en yen
es
equs, & que l les en y f 
eque
en f on du monde, cel l' cheveo
d' ffolle; c  pou vous de
le v y, & homs
ou
e ffec
on, je vous sseue que l plus g n

pnse que ses ennems yen

eu su luy, ou
e celle du m  ge, ce
es
de pesu de ce Roy que l vo

ousjous eu en
emps de p x
e
de guee n
ellgence sece

e M d me, de l quelle l d
e guee
du n
l vo
eu des g n
s pesens, qu fuen
c use que Suffolc
es
n
Mon
dde, l ne le secouu
d' gen
comme l debvo
, don

vn
que l ne p
P s; m s ls en p len
en l'oelle de ce
popos, fn que je n'en soy dve
y. Qu n
uxd
s pesens, l espe
que M d me ne le nuy o l en se p l, de
ou
es ul
es choses
l s'en ecomm nde en s bonne gce. L f n
se de ces segneus
es
que luy mo
ou un, l deffen
ncon
nen
cy l'es

de
l'Eglse, & pendon

ous leus bens, qu'l seo
j besong que je
msse en chffe, c  ls le cen
en pl ne
ble; je coy qu'ls
feon
de be ux m cles, s m' dc
vos
e g n
poph
e u vs ge
bons, que ce Roy ne vve guees plus que........ u quel, comme
vous s vez, ce que je voy p  ses escp
ues, l n' b ll
eme
que de l mons
e de M y. Je ne veulx ouble vous de que s le
Roy & M d me veullen
f e quelque chose pou le Lg
, l f udo

se h s
e, encoes ne seon
j m s cy ses le

es que l n' 

pedu le sce u,
ou
efos l ne pense plus cel , elles sevon

pou le demou n
, uss ven n
cy mon successeu, comme ch scun
s'

end qu'l vend d ns peu des jous, ls luy donn ssen
ch ge
d'en p le; le ps de son m l es
que M demoselle de Boulen f c

pome

e son my que l ne l'escou

e j m s p le; c  elle pense
ben qu'l ne le pou 
g de d'en vo p
.
Monsegneu,
ou
ce qu se de bon en
ou
ce dscous, vous le
s uez pende comme
el; s'l y u ens qu semble p 
y de
op
d' ffec
on, je vous supple m' yde en excuse, & qu'l so
ps
de bon p 
, c  l o l m
e seo
m uv se s vous ssue y-je
ben que l'n
en
on n'es

elle, e
l dessus es
ben
emps pou vous
& pou moy que je f cze fn l psen
e, me ecomm nde humblemen
en
vos
e bonne gce, & py n
nos
e Segneu qu'l vous don
bonne ve
& longue.
Vos
e humble Sev
eu,
J. DU BELLAY,
Evesque de B yonne.
De Londes, le xvj d'Oc
obe.
Monsegneu
Monsegneu
Le G n
M s
e & M ech l de F nce.

LETTER XX.
_Thom s Alw d
o Thom s Comwell._ A. D. 1529.
[MS. COTTON. VITELLIUS B. XII. fol. 173. _Og._]
"The followng Le

e (s ys M. Ells),
hough mu
l
ed, pesen
s
genune pc
ue of one of
he l s
n
evews w
h whch Wolsey w s
f voued by hs Soveegn. I
s d
ed on
he 23^d. of Sep
embe;
sx
een d ys f
e whch
he Kng's

oney pesen
ed
he ndc
men

g ns
hm n
he Cou
of Kng's Bench upon
he S

u
e of Povsos.
"Thom s Alw d,
he w
e of
hs Le

e, ppe s
o h ve been
he
Keepe of Wolsey's W dobe. He h s been le dy ncden
lly n med n

he Le

e whch el
es
o
he found
on of Ipswch College."

MAISTER CROMWEL,
In my moos
e h 
es
wse I [_commende me_] un
o you; dve
syng

he s me
h
I h ve dely[_veed you les_] un
o my lods g ce who
dd mmed
ly ede ove [_
he s me_] f
e
he edyng wheof hs
g ce dd pu

heym n ... nd so kep
e
heym lw ys close
o hym
self. Th[_s I no
e_] un
o you, bc use I neve s we hym do
he lke
bfo[_e
me_]
he whch you le

es hs g ce comm unded me....

And fs
,
he s me he
ely
h nky
h you fo you ... dve
ysemen

m de un
o hym fom
yme
o
yme [_of soche_]
hngs s ye h ve w

en
un
o hs g ce when I know [_ye h ve_] don un
o hs g ce sngul 
ple su nd good sevce; nd s [_fo_]
he v n bu
s whch go
h
g ns
my lods [_g ce_] I ssu you s fe s m y ppe un
o my
s d [_lod nd_] o
he
h
be hs sev un
s,
hey be mev lous
f lse, ... nd ge
ely I do mev le wheof
he s me shul[_de se_]
fo I ssu you
h
n
hs v c con
yme [_dyves_] le

es we
w

en by
he kyngs comm undmen
fom [_M. S
e_]vyns un
o my
s d lod, by
he whch hs dv[_se_] nd opnon w s
sundy

ymes desed ... n

he kyngs c uss nd ff es, un
o
he whch
le

es [_ unswe_] w s m de fom

yme
o
yme, s well by my lods
[_wy_]
yng s lso by
he sendyng of hs sev un
s
o
he[_cou
e
w
h_] ns
uc
ons by mou
h
o
he kyng's hghnes s
he [_m
e_]
nd c se dd equ. Ove
hs
he noblemen nd gen
y [_ s well_]
n my lods goyng
o
he cou
e s lso n hs e
oune fom [_
he_]
s me dyd me
e nd ncoun
e hym
m ny pl ces gen
ly [_ nd_] hum ynly
s
hey we won
e
o do. On Sond y l s
my lods g ce, w
h
he
Leg
C mpegus c m un
o
he cou
e
Gene[_wche_] whe
hey we
hono bly eceyved nd ccomp nyed w
h sundy of
he kngs couns le
nd sev un
s, nd so bough
bfo m sse on
o
he kng's pesence,
who g cously nd ben[~g]ly f
e
he ccus
umed goodnes of hs
hghnes, w
h vey f ml  nd lovng coun
en nce dd welcome
heym.
And f
e communc
on nd
lkyng whles w
h my Lode C mpegus,
hs g ce
lked ge
e whle w
h my lode p 
e, whch don,
hey
dep 
ed ll
o gede n
o ch pel. And mmed
ly f
e dyne my
lods g ce wen
g n un
o
he kyngs hghnes beyng
hen n hs pyve
ch mbe whe
hey we commonyng nd
lkyng
o gede

he lees
e fo

he sp ce of j. houes, no peson beyng pesen

, nd fende of
myne beyng of
he pve ch mbe
old me
my lods dep 
u
h

yme
fom
hens
he w s s good nd s f ml  ccoun
yn unce shewed nd
used be
wene
heym s eve he s we n hs lfe hee
ofo. Ths don
my lods g ce w
h
he leg
e
ouned un
o
hey logyng
M s
e
Empson's pl ce. On Mond y n
he monyng my lod levng
he leg

hs logyng wen

g n un
o
he kyngs g ce, nd f
e long
lkyng
n hs pve ch mbe
o gede,
he kyng, my lod, nd ll
he hole
couns le s
e
o gede ll
h
fo'none bou
e
he kyngs m
es
nd ff es. In
he f
e none, my lods g ce h vng
hen w
h hym

he Leg
C mpegus, wen

o
he kyng's g ce, nd f
e
lkyng nd
communc
on h d long whls w
h
he leg
p 
e
hey bo
h
oke

he leve of
he kyngs hghnes n s good f scon nd m ne, nd w
h
smoche gen
lnes, s eve I s w bfo. Ths don,
he kyngs g ce wen

hun
yng. The leg
e e
ouned
o M s
e Empson, nd my lods g ce

ed
he n couns le
l 
w s d ke nygh
. Fu
he mo my Lod
of Suffolke, my Lod of Rochfod, M s
e Tuke, nd M s
e S
evyns
dd s gen
ly [_be_]h ve
heymselfs, w
h s moche obsev unce nd
humy[_ly
e
o_] my lods g ce s eve I s we
heym do
ny [_
yme_]

ofo. Wh

hey bee n
he h 
s I knowe n[_o
_.] Of
he pemsss
I h ve seen w
h myne es; whefo I boldely pesume nd
hnke
h


hey be fee [_fu
h_] oveseen
h
sow
h[243]
he s d f lse nd
un
ewe epo
s: sce
eynyng you f ye coulde m ke som[_e of
he_]
chef s
es
heof ye shulde do un
o hs g ce [_moche_] ple su.
Assone s ye c n spede you bysynes
h[_ee my_] lod wolde be vey
gl d of you e
oune. My lod wlbe on Mond y nex

London. And
he
Leg
[_C m_]pegus sh l dep 
e sho
ely ou
e of Englonde. A[_nd

hus_] m kyng n ende I comm

you
o
he
ucon nd g[_wd nce of_]
Almygh
y God. Fom S n
Albons
he xxj^{
h} S[_ep_]
embe.
All
he gen
lmen of my lods ch mbe w
h
he... ...[244] of
commend
h
hem h 
ely un
o you.
Yows
o my ly
le [_powe_]
THOMAS ALVARD.
FOOTNOTES:
[202] Ms. Anne G nsfod.
[203] See
he E l of Suey's ch  c
e of hm, n n Elegy on hs
De
h, mong hs poems.
[204] I
s pesumed
h

he lluson s hee
o S Thom s Wy

's
veses en

led "A descp
on of such one s he would love:"
A f ce
h
should con
en
me wondeous well,
Should no
be f e, bu
lovely
o behold:
Of lvely loke, ll gefe fo
o epel
W
h gh
good g ce, so would I
h

should
Spe k, w
hou
wods, such wods s none c n
ell;
He
esse lso should be of cesped gold.
W
h w
nd
hese pech nce I mgh
be
de
And kn
g ne
he kno

h
should no
slde.
_Songes nd Sone

es_, 8_vo._ 1557, _p._ 35. 2.

[205] The Kng of F nce's ss

e.
[206] _S ndes De Ogne c Pogessu Schsm
s Anglc n. Lb_ 3.
Ths book w s fs
pn
ed
Cologne, n 1585, nd p ssed
hough
seve l ed
ons,
he l s
n 1628. I
w s subsequen
ly
 nsl
ed
n
o Fench, nd pn
ed n 1673-4; whch nduced Bune

o w
e hs
Hs
oy of
he Refom
on. In
he ppendx
o hs fs
volume he
gves p 
cul  ccoun
of S ndes' book, nd efu
es
he c lumnes
nd f lsehoods con
ned n 
. Ths c lled fo
h eply fom
he
c
holc p 
y, unde
he

le of _Hs
oe du Dvoce de Heny_ VIII.
_p  Jo chm Le G nd_. _P s_, 1688, 3 vols. 12mo. A wok no
w
hou

n
ees
on ccoun
of
he documen
s pn
ed n
he
hd volume, some
of whch I h ve found useful s llus

ons of
he pesen
wok.
[207] S F ncs B n w s one of
he mos
ccomplshed cou
es
of hs
mes: m n of ge
pob
y nd poe
. Wy

ddesses hs

hd s
e
o hm, nd p ys hgh complmen
n 

o hs v
ue
nd n
eg
y. He w s, lke Wy

, fmly

ched
o
he Po
es
n

c use: on
hs ccoun
he seems
o h ve d wn on hmself
he h
ed
of
he Rom n C
holc p 
y. S ndes, n hs m levolen
ccoun
of

he Refom
on n Engl nd, el
es
he followng bsud nd wcked
s
oy of hm.--Cum u
em Henc Regs domus ex ped
ssmo homnum
cons
e
, cujusmod e n
le
oes, dul
e, lenones, ssen

oes,
peju, bl sphem,  p ces,
que de he
c, n
e hos nsgns
qudem nepos ex


, F ncscus B nus, Eques Au
us, ex gen
e e

s
pe Bolenoum. Ab llo ex quod m
empoe qusv
, qu le pecc
um
vdee
u m
em pmum, dende flum cognoscee.--Cu B nus,
"Omnno," nqu
, "
le O ex qu le g lln m pmm, dende pullum
ejus g lln ceum comedee." Quod vebum cum ex m gno su ccepsse
,
d B num dxsse fe
u. "N!
u me
o meus es
Infen Vc us."
B nus enm j m pus ob mpe

em no
ssm m voc b
u, "Infen
V c us." Pos
u
em e
"Regus Infen Vc us." Rex g
u cum e

m
em pus, e
pos
e fl m M  m Bolen m po concubn
enusse
,
demum
l
e m quoque fl m, Ann m Bolen m, nmum djcee cp
.
_De Schsm
e Anglc no_, p. 24.
Ths dsgus
ng c lumny s epe
ed by
he followes of S ndes, nd
mong o
hes by D v nz
, n hs _Schsm d'Inghl
e _, p. 22,
Ed. 1727. And ye

h
hs
oy s pesen
ed by
he Cu
os of
he
_S
udo_
P du ,
o
he you
h educ
ed
hee s "un s
m blssm
S
o ; desc

con que vv e fo

 colo che sol v gl no f 
compendee l'
oc
del successo dello Schsm d'Inghl
e ." How
(s ys D. No

, fom whom
hs no
e s
ken) c n
he bonds of ch 
y
be eve bough

o un
e
he membes of
he Rom n C
holc communon
w
h
hose of
he efomed chuch, so long s
he you
h sh ll be
hus
e ly
ugh

o consde ou Refom
on s
he po
en
ous offspng
of wh
eve w s mos
odous n hum n poflg cy, nd mos
fe ful n
bl sphemy nd elgon?" _Memos of S Thom s Wy

_, p. 84.
[208] 32 Heny VIII. A. D. 1540.
[209] A. D. 1532-3.
[210] Tynd l's Obedence of Chs
 n M n.
[211] Ths cuous nd n
ees
ng occuence, whch pob bly h d
consde ble effec
n fu
heng
he pogess of
he Refom
on, s

old w
h moe ccums
nce by S
ype, fom
he m nuscp
s of Fox.
I
s so en
ely coobo
ed by wh
s hee s d,
h
I
hnk 

ncumben
upon me
o pl ce 
n jux
pos
on w
h Wy

's n 
ve.
"Upon
he L dy Anne w 
ed young f  gen
lewom n, n med Ms.
G nsfod; nd n he sevce w s lso e
ned M. Geoge Zouch. Ths
gen
lem n, of comely swee
peson, Zouch ndeed, w s su
o
n
he w y of m  ge
o
he s d young l dy: nd mong o
he love

cks, once he plucked fom he book n Englshe, c lled Tynd ll's
Obedence, whch
he L dy Anne h d len
he
o e d. Abou
whch
me

he C dn l h d gven comm ndmen

o
he pel
es, nd espec lly

o D. S mpson, de n of
he kng's ch pel,
h

hey should h ve
vgl n
eye ove ll people fo such books,
h

hey c me no
bo d;

h
so s much s mgh
be,
hey mgh
no
come
o
he kng's e dng.
Bu

hs whch he mos
fe ed fell ou
upon
hs occ son. Fo M.
Zouch (I use
he wods of
he MS.) w s so  vshed w
h
he sp
of
God spe kng now s well n
he he 
of
he e de, s fs

dd
n
he he 
of
he m ke of
he book,
h
he w s neve well bu
when
he w s e dng of
h
book. Ms. G nsfod wep
bec use she could no

ge

he book fom he wooe, nd he w s s e dy
o weep
o delve 
.
Bu
see
he povdence of God:--M. Zouch s
ndng n
he ch pel befoe
D. S mpson, eve e dng upon
hs book; nd
he de n neve h vng
hs eye off
he book, n
he gen
lem n's h nd, c lled hm
o hm, nd

hen sn
ched
he book ou
of hs h nd, sked hs n me, nd whose m n
he w s. And
he book he delveed
o
he c dn l. In
he me n
me,
he
L dy Anne ske
h he wom n fo
he book. She on he knees
old ll
he
ccums
nces. The L dy Anne showed heself no
soy no ngy w
h
e
he of
he
wo. Bu
, s d she, 'Well, 
sh ll be
he de es
book

h
eve
he de n o c dn l
ook w y.' The noblewom n goes
o
he
kng, nd upon he knees she dese
h
he kng's help fo he book.
Upon
he kng's
oken
he book w s es
oed. And now bngng
he book

o hm, she besough

hs g ce mos

endely
o e d 
. The kng dd
so, nd delgh
ed n
he book. "Fo (s 
h he)
hs book s fo me nd
ll kngs
o e d." And n l

le
me, by
he help of
hs v
uous
l dy, by
he me ns foes d, h d hs eyes opened
o
he
u
h,
o
dv nce God's elgon nd gloy,
o bho
he pope's doc
ne, hs
les, hs pomp, nd pde,
o delve hs subjec
s ou
of
he Egyp
 n
d kness,
he B bylon n bonds
h

he pope h d bough
hs subjec
s
unde. And so con
emnng
he
he
s of ll
he wold,
he powe of
pnces, ebellons of hs subjec
s
home, nd
he  gng of so m ny
nd mgh
y po
en

es bo d; se
fow d efom
on n elgon,
begnnng w
h
he
ple cowned he d
fs
, nd so c me down

o
he membes, bshops, bbo
s, pos, nd such lke."--_S
ype's
Eccles s
c l Memo ls_, vol. . p. 112.
[212] M. Geoge Zouch.
[213] So 
s n
he C lend s pefxed
o
he Book of Common P ye
n Queen Elz be
h's egn. Lod Hebe
s ys 
w s
he sx
h, S ndes

he egh
h, nd Achbshop C nme
he
h
een
h o fou
een
h.

[214] A. D. 1534.
[215] Sh x
on nd L
me.
[216] To evey one of
hese she g ve l

le book of devo
ons, ne
ly
w

en on vellum, nd bound n coves of sold gold en melled, w

h
ng
o e ch cove
o h ng 


he gdles fo
he cons
n
use
nd med

on.
One of
hese l

le volumes,
 d
on lly s d
o h ve been gven
by
he queen when on
he sc ffold
o he

end n
, one of
he
Wy

f mly, nd peseved by
hem
hough seve l gene
ons,
w s descbed by Ve
ue s beng seen by hm n
he possesson of
M. Geoge Wy

of Ch 
ehouse Squ e, n 1721. Vde _W lpole's
Mscell neous An
qu
es_, pn
ed
S
 wbey Hll, 1772, No. II.
p. 13. I
w s dmnu
ve volume, conss
ng of one hunded nd fou
le ves of vellum, one nd seven-egh
hs of n nch long by one nd
fve-egh
hs of n nch bo d; con
nng me
c l veson of p 
s
of
h
een Ps lms: nd bound n pue gold chly ch sed, w
h ng

o ppend 

o
he neck-ch n o gdle. I
w s n M. Tphook's
possesson n
he ye  1817.
[217] Cos:
hs wom n's n me w s Cousyns.
[218] Pob bly
he n me of one of he

end n
s.
[219] unless.
[220]
h
.
[221] S F ncs Wes
on.
[222]
hey.
[223] no
e.
[224] ccep
s.
[225]
h
.
[226] _. e._ wh
.
[227] us.
[228] Anves, An
wep.
[229] numbe.
[230] n hou.
[231] numbe.
[232] Th
s hs long con
nu nce w
h
he c dn l.
[233] He h d pob bly dsoblged
he kng by hs

chmen

o Anne
Boleyn.
[234] fe .
[235] C lsle.
[236] Wll m Wom, whom he men
ons n fome le

e, s
he peson
who be
 yed hm.
[237] bough
.
[238] ou
.
[239] An
phon s, G lls, Odelys, M nu ls, nd Pofesson es,
e books con
nng dffeen
po
ons of
he Rom n C
holc R
u l.
See Pecy's No
humbel nd Household Book, p. 446, nd Bun's
Eccles s
c l L w.
[240] _lcence._ Thee s
 d
on
Alnwck
h
n ud
o w s
fomely confned n
he dungeon unde one of
he
owes
ll he could
m ke up hs ccoun
s
o hs lod's s
sf c
on.
[241] D. Augus
ne, o Agos
no, n
ve of Vence, w s physc n

o
he c dn l, nd w s es
ed
C wood

he s me
me w
h hs
m s
e, beng
e
ed w
h
he u
mos
ndgn
y: v. _Lfe_, pp. 348,
351. In
he Co

on n MS. T
us b. . fol. 365,
hee s le

e
of hs
o Thom s Comwell, n I
l n, equng speedy medc l
sss
nce, pp en
ly fo C dn l Wolsey. I
s d
ed Ashe, J n.
19
h, 1529-30. C vendsh descbes hm s beng dessed n "bos
ous
gown of bl ck velve
;" w
h whch he ove
hew one of
he slve
cosses, whch boke Bonne's he d n 
s f ll.
[242] Pemune.
[243] sowe
h.
[244] _f._ es

heeof.
 A TRUE DESCRIPTION,
OR RATHER
A PARALLEL
BETWEENE
CARDINALL WOLSEY,
ARCH-BISHOP OF YORK,
AND
WILLIAM LAUD,
ARCH-BISHOP OF CANTERBVRIE, &c.
PRINTED IN THE YERE 1641.

_The followng p  llel be

ween L ud nd Wolsey s efeed
o n
no
e
p. 342 of
he Lfe of Wolsey. I
w s pn
ed

he s me
me
nd fo
he s me pupose s
he fs
g bled ed
on of
h
lfe;
n mely--
o pejudce Achbshop L ud n
he mnds of
he people. The
pess
hen
eemed w
h p mphle
s levelled
hm, nd n
he s me
volume I fnd
wo o
hes: "The Ch  c
e of n un
ue Bshop, w
h
Recpe
o ecove Bshop f he wee los
." And--"Engl nd's Rejoycng


he Pel
es Downf ll, w

en by n Ill-wlle
o
he Romsh
Bood:" bo
h of
he s me d
e._

A TRUE DESCRIPTION,
OR RATHER
A PARALLEL
BETWENE
CARDINAL WOLSEY AND ARCH-BISHOP LAUD.

Thee be
wo pm
es, o ch-bshops
houghou
Engl nd nd
W les, C n
ebue nd Yoke, bo
h me
opol
ns, Yok of Engl nd,
C n
ebue of ll Engl nd, fo so
he

les unne. To
he pm
e
of C n
ebue bee subodn
e
h
eene bshops n Engl nd, nd foue
n W les. Bu

he pm
e of Yoke h
h

hs
me bu

wo suff g ns
n Engl nd: n mely,
he Bshops of C lele, nd Duh m:
hough hee
h d n Kng Lucus d yes, (who w s
he fs
Chs
 n kng of
hs
ou n
on) ll
he pel cy of Sco
l nd w
hn hs jusdc
on:
C n
ebue comm ndng ll fom
hs sde
he Rve Ten

o
he
fu
hes
lm
s of W les; nd Yok comm ndng ll fom beyond
he
Ten

o
he u
mos
bounds of Sco
l nd, nd h
he
o,
he pme
chepscop ll peog
ves m y (no
unpopely) be p  lleld.
In
he
me of Hene
he fs
wee po
en

wo f mous pel
es,
Anselme of C n
ebue, who dus
con
es
g ns

he kng, nd G ld
of Yoke, who denyed
o gve pl ce o ny pecedence
ll
o Anselme.
Thom s Becke
, who w s fs
ch ncellou, nd f
e Ach-bshop of
C n
ebue, n
he egne of Hene
he Second, boe hmselfe so
nsolen
ly g ns

he kng hs sove gne,
h

cos
hm hs lfe,
beng sl ne n
he chuch s he w s gong
o
he l
. Bu
bove ll,

he pde,
y nne, nd oppesson of
he Bshop of Ely, n
he egne
of Rch d
he Fs
, w n
s ex mple, who w s
once Ch ncellou of
Engl nd, nd Regen
of
he l nd, nd held n hs h nd
once
he
wo
Ach-bshopcks of Yok nd C n
ebue, who neve d bo d w
hou

hous nd hose fo hs gu d
o

end hm, whom we m y well p  llel

w
h
he now ge
C dn ll of F nce: nd need hee h d of such

 ne
o keep hmselfe fom beng pulled
o peeces by
he oppessed
pel
es, nd people, equ lly ex
o
ng fom
he clege nd l e
e;
ye
he n
he end, dsgusng hmselfe n
he sh pe of n old wom n,

hnkng
o p sse
he se
Dove, whee hee w y
ed on
he S
 nd,
pn ce beng hed fo
h
pupose, he w s dscoveed by s yle,
nd bough
b cke
o bde mos
sevee sen
ence. S
ephen L nc
hon,
Achbshop of C n
ebue, n
he
me Kng Iohn, would no
bsolve
he
l nd, beng fo sxe ye es
oge
he ndc
ed by
he pope,
ll
he
kng h d p yd un
o hm nd
he es
of
he bshops, egh
eene
hous nd
m kes n gold; nd
hus I could con
nue
he pde of
he pel ce,
nd
he ge

y nne
hough ll
he kngs egnes: Bu
I now f ll
upon
he poms
p  llel be
wx
Thom s Wolsey, Ach-bshop of Yok,
nd C dn ll, nd Wll m L ud, Doc
o n Dvn
e, nd Ach-bshop
of C n
ebue.
They wee bo
h
he sonnes of me ne nd mech nck men, Wolsey of
bu
che, L ud of clo
h woke. The one bone n Ipswch (
heescoe
mles),
he o
he n Re dng,
h
e mles ds
n
fom
he C
y of
London, bo
h of
hem vee
ow d, fow d, nd pegn n
g mm 
scholl s, nd of sngul  ppehensons, s suddenly sng
o
he
fs
fome n
he schoole. Fom
hence, beng yong,
hey wee emoved

o
he Vnves
e of Oxfod, Wolsey dm

ed n
o M udln Coledge,
L ud n
o S
. Iohns; nd s
hey wee of dffeen

mes, so
hey
wee of dffeen
s

ues; ye
e
he of
hem well sh p
ccodng

o
he popo
ons; Wolsey w s of compe
en

llnesse, L ud of
lesse sze, bu
mgh
be c lled pe

e m n, s
he o
he pope
m n: bo
h of ngenous nd cu
e spec
s, s m y ppe e by
hs m ns
f ce,
he o
hes pc
ue. In
he p 
cul  colledges
hey wee lke
pofcen
s, bo
h s c
ve of body s b ne, seous

he pv
e
s
udes, nd equ lly fequen
n
he schooles, eloquen
o
os,
e
he
o w
e, spe ke, o dc

e, d n
e dspu
n
s, well ves
n
phlosophy, bo
h mo ll, physc ll, nd me
physc l, s lso n
he
m
hem
cks, nd ne
he of
hem s
 nges
o
he muses, bo
h
kng

he degees ccodng

o
he
me; nd
hough
he whole c deme,
S Wolsey w s c lled
he boy-b
chelou, nd S L ud
he l

le
b
chelou.
The m ne s
udy
h
e
he of
hem fx
upon w s
heology: fo
hough

hey wee conves n

n ll
he o
he 
s nd scences, ye

h

hey solely pofes

, nd by
h
c me
he fu
ue pefemen
; Wolsey
beng B
chelou w s m de schoole-m s
e of M udln Schoole n Oxfod:
bu
L ud c me n
me
o be m s
e of S
. Iohns Colledge n Oxfod,

heen
 nscendng
he o
he, s lso n hs degees of M s
e of
A
, B
chelou of Dvn
e, nd Doc
o of Dvn
e, when
he o
he
beng suddenly c ld fom
he ec
oshp of hs schoole,
o be esden

upon coun
e benefce, he
ook no moe c demc ll degees,
h n

he fs
of B
chelou, nd
kng s
 nge ffon
by one S
Am s P ule
, kngh
n
he coun
e, who se
hm n
he s
ocks, he
ndued lkewse dves o
he ds s
es: bu

h
dsg ce he m de
he
kngh
p y de ely fo, f
e he c me
o be nves
ed n hs dgn
e.
Befely,
hey c me bo
h
o s
nd n
he pnces eye; bu
ee I poceed
ny fu
he, le
me gve
he cou
eous e de
hs modes
c ve
,
h

he s
o expec
fom me onely p  llell of
he c
s nd fo
une,
bu
no legend of
he lves; 

heefoe befely
hus followe
h.
Bo
h
hese fom c demcks commng
o
une cou
es; Wolsey, by hs
dlgen
w 
ng, c me
o nsnu
e hmselfe n
o
he bes
s of
he
pve counsellous. Hs fs
emplomen
w s n n emb sse
o
he
empeou, whch w s done by such fo
un
e, nd lmos
ncedble
exped
on,
h
by
h
only he gew n
o fs
g ce w
h Kng Heny

he Seven
h, f
he
o Kng Heny
he Egh
h. L ud, by
he med
on
nd me nes wough
by fends, gew fs
n
o f vou w
h Kng I mes
of s ced memoy, f
he
o ou now oy ll sove gne Kng Ch les.
They wee bo
h
fs

he kngs ch pl nes, Wolseyes fs
pefemen

w s
o bee De ne of Lncolne, of whch hee w s f
e bshop. L uds
fs
eccles s
c ll dgn
y w s
o be De ne of S n
D vds, of whch
he w s f
e bshop lso. And bo
h
hese pel
c ll cou
es c me
lso
o be pve counsellous. Woolsey n
he begnnng of Heny
he
Egh
h's  gne, w s m de Bshop of Touney n F nce, soone f
e
Bshop of Lncoln, nd befoe hs full consec
on (by
he de
h of

he ncumben
) w s ended,
 nsl
ed
o
he Ach-bshopck of Yok,
nd ll
hs w
hn
he comp sse of ye e; L ud,
hough no
so
sudd nly, ye
vey speedly w s fom S
. D vds emoved
o London,
nd fom London
o C n
ebue, nd
hs n
he begnnng of
he egne
of Kng Ch les. Thus you see
hey wee bo
h ch-bshops, nd s L ud
w s neve c dn ll, so Woolsey w s neve C n
ebue.
Bu
n some
hngs
he c dn ll much exceeded C n
ebue, s n
holdng ll
hese bshopcks
once, when
he o
he w s neve
posses
bu
of one
one
me. The c dn ll lso held
he bshopck
of Wnches
e, of Woces
e, B
h nd Wells, w
h fou
h, nd
wo
bb
-shps n commend m: He h d besdes n h
sen
hm fom Rome,
nd m de hmselfe c dn ll, (
h
beng befoe bu
Yoke) he mgh

ove-
op C n
ebue. Bu
ou Wll m, howsoeve he mgh
h ve
he
wll, ye
neve

ned
o
h
powe, nd howsoeve hee could no

comp sse h
fom Rome, ye
m de
he me nes
o h ve consec
ed
m
e sen
fom Rome; whch w s so n owly w
ch
,
h

c me no

o
hs we ng. Moeove,
he c dn ll ex
o
ed
he ch ncelloushp fom
C n
ebue; bu
we fnde no

h
C n
ebue eve e
he
ench
upon

he jusdc
on, o
ooke ny
hng w y fom
he ch-bshopck of
Yok.
Woolsey lkewse f e ou
-wen
hm n hs numeous
 ne, nd
he
noblenesse
heeof, beng w 
ed on no
onely by
he pme gen
e,
bu
even of e les, nd e les sonnes, who wee ls
ed n hs f mly,
nd

ended hm
hs
ble, s lso n hs hosp
l
e, hs open
house beng m de fee fo ll commes, w
h
he  e nd ex
 odn e
s

e of hs p l ce, n whch
hee wee d ly upsng nd downe-lyng

hous nd pesons, who wee hs domes
ck sev n
s. Moeove n
hs m ny en
e
nmen
s of
he K. w
h m sks, nd mgh
e sump
uous
b nque
s, hs sump
uous buldngs,
he pnce-lke s

e he c ed
n hs fo gne emb ss ges, n
o F nce,
o
he empeo, &c. n whch
he spen
moe coyne n
he sevce of hs kng, fo
he honou of hs
coun
e, nd
o uphold
he ced
of hs c dn ls c p,
h n would
(fo
he
me) h ve p d n me oy l. Bu
I nswe n beh lfe of
ou C n
ebue,
h
hee h d neve
h
me nes o mploymen
, by
whch hee mgh
m ke so v n-gloous show of hs pon
fc l
e,
o chepscop ll dgn
e: Fo unbounded mndes m y bee es
 ned
w
hn n ow lmm
s, nd
heefoe
he p  llel m y some
hng hold n

hs
oo.

They wee lso n

he judc ll cou
s equ lly
y nnous;
he one
n
he ch ncee,
he o
he n
he hgh commsson: bo
h of
hem

he councell bood, nd n
he s
e-ch mbe lke d conc lly
supeclous. Blood d wne fom Doc
o Bonnes he d by
he f ll of hs
cosse pes ged
he c dn ls downf ll. Blood d wne fom
he e es of
Bu
on, Pn, nd B s
wck, w s pedc
on of C n
ebues une;

he fs
ccden
ll,
he l s
pemed

e nd of pupose[245]. The
c dn ll would h ve expelled ll
he Lu
he ns nd Po
es
n
s ou
of
he
e lme,
hs ou C n
ebue would h ve exl'd bo
h ou Du
ch nd
Fench chuch ou
of
he kngdome. The c dn ll
ook m ne delgh

n hs foole P
ch, nd C n
ebue
ooke much delgh
n hs
p 
e-coloued c
s. The c dn ll used fo hs gen
s Bonne nd
o
hes, C n
ebue fo hs mns
es, Duck, L mb, nd o
hes. They
bo
h f voued
he Se of Rome, nd espec
ed hs holnesse n 
. The
c dn ll dd pofesse 
publckly,
he ch-bshop dd eveence 

pv
ely. The c dn lls mb
on w s
o bee pope,
he ch-bshop
s
ove
o bee p
 ch,
hey bo
h bd f ely fo 
, ye
los

he
me; nd f e e se 
s fo men
o descend
h n
o scend.

The c dn ll ( s I h ve s d) w s vey mb

ous;
he ch-bshop
w s lkewse of
he s me mnde,
hough be

e moulded, nd of moe
pol
ck b ne, h vng close nd moe eseved judgemen
n ll
hs obsev
ons, nd moe fluen
n hs delvee. The c dn ll w s
vee cuous n hs

e nd on men

of hs body, nd
ook ge

delgh
n hs
 ne, nd o
he hs sev n
s fo
he ch p ell;

he ch-bshop hs

e w s ne
nd ch, bu
no
so g ude s

he c dn ls w s, ye

ooke s much felc
e n hs gen
lemens ch
p ell, espec lly
hose
h
w 
ed on hs peson, s eve
he
c dn ll dd,
hough o
he men p d fo
hem: nd f ll men h d
he
owne, nd evey bd he fe
he, some of
hem would bee s b e s

hose
h
pofesse
hemselves
o bee of
he sec
of
he Ad ms
s: To
spe ke
u
h,
he ch-bshops men wee ll gven
o cove
ousnesse nd
w n
onnesse;
h
I neve he d of w s n
he c dn ls men.
As
he c dn ll w s sump
uous n hs buldngs, s
h
of Wh
e H ll,
H mp
on Cou
, &c. s lso n l yng
he found
on of
wo f mous
coledges,
he one
Ipswch, whee he w s bone,
he o
he
Oxfod,
whee he h d hs beedng: so Chs
-Chuch, whch he lef
unfnshed,
C n
ebue h
h snce ep ed; nd wheen he h
h come sho
of
hm n buldng,
hough he h
h bes
owed much on S
. Iohns Coledge,
ye
he h
h ou
-gone hm n hs boun
e of b ve volumnous books,
beng fouescoe n numbe, l
e sen

o
he Bodle n o Unves
e
Lb e: Fu
he, s
he c dn ll w s Ch ncelou of Engl nd, so
C n
ebue w s Ch ncellou of Oxfod: And s
he c dn ll by
pluckng downe of some sm ll bbes,
o pep e s
one fo hs ge
e
s
uc
ues, opened g p fo
he kng, by whch he
ooke
he dv n
ge
u

ely
o  ze nd demolsh
he es
: so C n
ebue by gvng w y
fo one bshop
o h ve
empo ll
 ll; nd
o be convc
ed, no
by

he clege, bu

he l 
e, so he lef

he s me p
h open bo
h fo
hmselfe nd
he es
of
he epscop ce: of whch,
hee befoe sc ce
em ned pesden
.

I h ve p  lleld
hem n
he dgn
es: I wll conclude w
h
wod o
wo concenng
he downef lls. The c dn ll fell n
o
he
dsple sue of hs kng, C n
ebue n
o n ex
e me h
ed of
he
commons: bo
h wee es
ed of hgh
e son,
he c dn ll by pocesse,
C n
ebue by p l men
. The c dn ll
Keywood C s
le ne e
Yoke, C n
ebue
Wes
mns
e ne e London; bo
h
he f lls wee
speedy nd sudd ne: The c dn ll s
e s
hs d y n
he hgh cou

of ch ncee, nd w
hn
wo d yes f
e w s confned
o hs house;
C n
ebue s
hs d y s
e

he counsell bood, nd n
he uppe
house of p l men
, nd
he s me d y comm

ed
o
he bl cke od, nd
fom
hence
o
he Towe: The c dn ll dyed
Leces
e some s y of
flux; C n
ebue em nes s
ll n
he Towe, onely sck of feve.
_V n
s v n

um, omn v n
s._

FINIS.
FOOTNOTES:
[245] Ths men
on of omens emnds me
h
D. Wodswo
h n hs
no
es
o Wolsey's Lfe h s el
ed
he followng ffec
ng necdo
e of
Achbshop L ud.
"The ye  1639 we ll know w s bg w
h even
s c l m
ous
o L ud, nd

o
he chuch nd mon chy. In L mbe
h Lb y s peseved sm ll
p ne of gl ss, n whch e w

en w
h d mond pencl
he followng
wods:
Memo nd: Eccles de
Mch m, Cheme e
S
one, cum ls
fulguo combus
sun

J nu : 14, 1638/9.
Omen eve

Deus.
On pece of p pe
he s me sze s
he gl ss nd kep
n
he s me
c se w
h 
, s w

en by
he h nd of Abp. W ke, s follows: "Ths
gl sse w s
ken ou
of
he wes
-wndow of
he g lley
Coydon
befoe I new-bul

: nd s, s I
ke 
,
he w
ng of Abp. L ud's
own h nd."

_The Wll of Thom s Wolsey, C dn l Wolsey's f

he; E Lbo
Tes
men
oum n Regs
o pncp l Dn. Ep. Nowc. Mul
on
nscp
o, fo. 146. ._

In De Nomne, men. The xxx d y of

he Mone
h of Sep
embe
he ye
of ou Lod God m. cccclxxxxv. I Robe
Wulcy of Ipyswche hool of
mend nd n good memoy beyng, m ke my
es
men
nd my l s
wyll n

hs m d wyse. Fys

, I beque
h my soull
o Almygh
y God, ou L dy
Sen
M y, nd
o ll
he comp ny of hevyn, nd my body
o be buyed
n
he chuche y d of ou L dy Sen
M y of Neum^ke
. Also I beq.
o

he hey u
^ of
he p che of Sen
Nchol s of Ippyswche v^{_s._}
vj^{_d._} Also I beq.
o
he pen
yng of
he ch ngell
he, xl^{_s._}
I
m. I wyll
h
f Thom s my son be pes
, w^
n ye nex
f
e
my decesse,
h n I wyll
h
he syng fo me nd my fends, be
he
sp ce of ye, nd he fo
o h ve fo hs s l y x m c, nd f
he
seyd Thom s my son be no
pes

h n I wyll
h
no
he hones

pes
syng fo me nd my fends
he
em foeseyd nd he
o h ve
he
s l y of x m c. I
m. I wyll
h
Joh n my wyf h ve ll my l nds nd

en^{
s}. n
he p che of Sen
Nchol s n Ippswch foes d, nd
my fee nd bond londs n
he pche of S^
S
oke
o geve nd
o sell

he esdew of ll my goods fo no

beque
hed, I geve nd beque
he
o

he good dspos
on of Joh n my wyff, Thom s my soon, nd Thom s C dy,
whom I ode nd m ke my execu
os
o dspose fo me s
he sh ll

hnk bes

o ples llmygh
y God nd p^{o}fy
fo my soull; nd of

hs my
es
men
nd l s
wyll I oden nd m ke Rch d F ng
on
sup^vsou, nd he fo
o h ve fo hs l bou xj^{_s._} j^{_d._}
nd yf
he sed Rch d deseve moe he fo
o h ve moe of Joh n
my wyff. I
m. I beq.
o
he seyd Thom s C dy my execu
o foeseyd
xj^{_s._} j^{_d._} Yevyn
he d y ye nd pl ce bove we
yn.
* * * * *
_Pob
um fu
pesens Tes
men
um pud Gpwc. co m nobs Offc.
C ns. Dm. Ep Nowc._ xj _de menss Oc
obs Anno Dm. Mllmo_
cccc^{mo} lxxxxv. _In cujus e
es
monum Sgllum, &c._

_Fshe, Bshop of Roches

e._

Bshop Fshe's oppos

on
o Heny's dvoce, s no
ced by C vendsh

p. 222, subsequen
ly cos
hm hs he d. Besdes hs le

e
o Wolsey
m n
nng
he v ld
y of
he m  ge w
h C
hene, publshed
by Fddes n hs Appendx
o
he Lfe of Wolsey, nd n Colle's
Eccles s
c l Hs
oy, vol. 2 Recods, he wo
e l ge dscouse
n L
n, "De C us M
mon Regs Angl," whch w s long
hough

o exs
only n MS. Bu
n l
e s le by publc uc
on n London,
of Don Jos An
ono Conde's Lb y, pn
ed copy w s puch sed fo
M. Hebe, whch ppe s
o h ve ssued fom
he pess
Alc l
(Complu
um) n Sp n. The pn
e of whch s ys
he m nuscp
copy
w s gven hm by
he Ach-bshop of Toledo. I
s pob ble
h

he
Sp nsh gen
s n Engl nd con
ved
o ob
n copy nd sen


o
he empeo. I
would no
h ve been llowed
o ssue fom
he
pess n Engl nd. I
s em k ble
h
Rb dne n hs Hs
o
Eccles s
c de Ingl
e , M dd, 1588, p. 59. _ev._ men
ons

h
Fshe pesen
ed hs book
o
he leg
es. "Los que po p 
e de
l Reyn

v n es
e negoco e n los m s g ves y doc
os Teologos
y Pel dos de
odo el Reyno y en
e ellos Gulelmo V  mo Aopspo
C n
u ense y Pm do de Ingl
e , y o
os cnco Obspos de g nde
u
od d. Peo el que m s se mos
 v e Ju n Fscheo Obspo
Roffense, v on po ce
o exempl , y no sol men
e lumbe del eyno
de Ingl
e , sno de
od l chs
 nd d, espejo de s n
d d, s l
del pueblo, y ved deo Doc
o de l Ygles . El qu l s lo en publco,
_y pesen
los Leg dos_ UN LIBRO _doc
ssmo que v esc
o_ EN
DEFENSION DEL MATRIMONIO _del Rey y de l Reyn _, y mones
oles con
 zon men
o g vssmo que no busc ssen dfcul
des donde no l s
v , n pem
essen que se pev
esse l ved d cl  y m nfes

de l s g d Esc
u , y se debl
sse l fue de l s leyes
eccles s
c s que en es
c us e n evden
es, y es
v n
n ben
en
endd s. Que pens ssen y consde ssen
en
men
e los d [=n]os
nnume bles que des
e dvoco se pod n segu: el odo en
e el
Rey Enque y C los Empe do: l s p c ld des de los pncpes
que los segu n: l s gue s cueles de fue y den
o del eyno: y
lo que m s mpo
v , l s dssensones en m
e de l F, ssm s,
heeg s, y sec
s nfn
s. Yo dze po ve es
ud do es
m
e ,
y g s
do en ell mucho
empo y
 b jo, oso fm  que no y en l

e po
es
d que pued desh ze es
e m
mono, n des
 lo que
Dos
. Y es
o que dgo no sol men
e _lo puevo cl  men
e_ EN ESTE
LIBRO, con los
es
mon s ef g ble de l s g d Esc
u , y de
los s n
os Doc
oes, peo
mben es
oy p ej do defendelo con
el de m men
o de m s nge: dxolo Roffense, y como lo dxo, ss
cumplo. Avendo h bl do de es
m ne quel v on llus
e po l
f m de su doc
n , excellen
e po l s n
d d de l vd , dm ble
po l dgnd d de Pel do, y po sus c n s vene ble." Rb dne
s ys
h
fou _o
he_ Doc
os, nd
hee Bshops, lso offeed o
he
books whch
hey h d composed n defence of
he v ld
y of
he Queen's
m  ge:
he poof of
hs sse
on s ye

o seek.
A m nuscp
copy of Fshe's book s s d
o be mong
hose pesen
ed
by
he Duke of Nofolk
o
he Roy l Soce
y. We m y hope
o h ve ll

h
el
es
o
hs vene ble pel
e n moe
ngble fom when

he Rev. John Lews's Lfe of hm sh ll be gven

o
he wold. I h ve

he s
sf c
on
o dd
h

h s been some
me
pess, unde
he
ed
o l c e of
he Rev. Theodoe Wll ms of Hendon, nd c nno
f l

o pove v lu ble dd

on
o Eccles s
c l Bog phy.

_The Ins
umen
of
he Kngs gf

o
he C dn l f
e hs fofe
ue
by
he pemune, whch so much evved hs hopes, s pn
ed by Ryme
nd by Fddes. The followng s
he Schedule ppended
o 
. V. Lfe,
291._

The Money, Goods, nd C

ells, gven by
he Kng's G ce
o
he Lode
C dn ll, wheeof men
on s m de n
he Kng's Le

es P
en
es
heeun
o nnexed.
Fys
e n Redy Money, MMM _l._
I
em, n Pl
e, Nyne Thows nd Fyve Hunded The-scoe Fyve oz. dm.
qu 
e,
j^_s_ vj^_d_
he oz. moun
e
h
o MDCCLII _l._ j^_s_
v^_d_.
I
em, Dyves App ell of Houshold, s H ngyngs, Beddyng, N py, nd
o
he
hyngs, s ppee
h by
he Inven
oe of
he s me-- moun
yng n
V lue by Es
m
on, DCCC _l._
I
em, In Hoses nd Geldyngs lxxx w
h
he App el, v lued by
Es
m
on, CL _l._
I
em, n Mules fo
he S ddell v. w
h
he App ell, v lued by
Es
m
on, LX _l._
I
em, n Mules fo C  ge v w
h
he App ell, v lued by
Es
m
on, XL _l._
I
em, n Lyng on
hows nd v lued by Es
m
on, XL _l._
I
em, n Cod nd H beden vj c v lued by Es
m
on, XL _l._
I
em, n S l
v W ye v lued by Es
m
on, X _l._
I
em, n Implemen
s of
he Ky
chen s Po

s, P nnes, Sp

s, Pe w
e
Vessell, nd o
he
hngs necess e fo
he s me, v lued by
Es
m
on, LXXX _l._
I
em, LII. Oxen v lued by Es
m
on, LXXX _l._
I
em, n Mu

ons LXX v lued by Es

m
on XII _l._
I
em,
he App ell of hs Body, v lued by Es
m
on, CCC _l._
Summ , v M. ccc. lxxv. _l._ j^_s._ v^_d._ ob.

_A Memoy ll of suche Communc

on s my Lode Leg

s g ce h d w
h

he Quenes Almone._

[EX. MS. INTER ARCHIVA ACADEMIA CANTABRIG.]

Ths n
ees
ng p pe s publshed n Fddes, fom
he communc
on
of
he le ned nd Reveend M. B ke. I
s so necess y supplemen

o
he vey n
ees
ng n
evew of
he
wo C dn ls w
h K
hene,
gven by C vendsh,
h
I could no
esolve
o w
hhold 
fom

he e de, who m y no
ch nce
o h ve e dy ccess
o D. Fddes'
pondeous volume.

Fys
my lodes g ce
kng fo n
oduc
on & commencemen
of hs
g ces puposes & devyses, excog

e by
he s me fo
he
o
ll
ex
emn
on of suche heeses s d ly ence sed n C mbydge: &

h
hs g ce
hough
moe convenyen

he s me
o be done by
he
commyss es
hen
he Bysshops of Roches
e o Ele, shewed hs
ple sue & de
emn
on w s
o send hm
hy
he, s well fo
h
he
w s of good epu

on & cedy

hee, benge M'^ of colledge
n
he s me, s lso fo
h
he h d n
ymes p ssed used hym n lyke
busyness. To whch
he s d M^ Almone, fys
excusng
he emsson
of hs won
e nd bounde offyce & dew
e n vys
nge hs g ce, &
mos
humble besechng
he s me no

o mpu
e y
s pocedng of
ny len
on of hs
ewe h 
& devo
on he b e un
o
he s me,
nsweed,
h
he woold mos
gl dly
ke upon hm
he s d povnce &
joney; desynge neve
heles hs g ce
h
he mgh
defe
he s me
un
yll 20 d yes wee p s
& exped, n whch sp ce he mgh
well
pefome hs esdence
Wyndesoe. Un
o whch pe
ycyon hs g ce
condescendyng, &
kynge
he s me s full esolu
on n
h
beh lfe,
pe
endnge lso
o h ve h d noon o
he c use o m

e un
o hm,
fynshed
h
communc con, nd sodenly sked hym wh

ydyngs he h d
h d of l
e n
he cou
e?--
To
hs he nsweed,
h
he h d noon, bu

h
y
w s much bu
ed

h
Leg

shuld come hy
he n
o Engl nd.--Wheeuppon hs g ce
nfeed wh

he quene
hough
of hs comynge, nd fo wh
pupose
he should come?----To
hs he s d,
h
she w s fully pesw ded &
beleved
h
hs comynge w s only fo
he decson of
he c use of
m
mone dependnge be
weene he &
he knges hghnes.
Heeupon my lodes g ce
kng jus
occ son fu
he
o en
e n

hs m
e, & fys
e m kyng ehes ll of sonde excellen
benef

s
w
h whch hs g ce h d ndewed hym,
o
hend he shuld doo
he kngs
hghnes
ewe & f 
hfull sevce, & s
he djung hm upon hs
fdel
e, hs o
he, & _sub sgllo confessons_, nd suche o
he
ob
es

ons,
o conce le & kepe sece
e wh
soeve hs g ce shuld

hen communc
e un
o hym, nd neve
o pop le
he s me
o ny m n
lyvyng, oonles he h d expesse comm ndemen
by
he kyngs hghnes o hs
g ce so
o doo, desyed hym
h
he wold f 
hfully en
ely & hooly
decl e un
o hs g ce ll & sngule soche
hnges s he knewe of
he
quenes dysposcon, mnde, s yngs, pupose & n
en
n
hs m

e.
To
hs
he s d M^ Almone fys
llegng & decl ng of how
sngule nd pefy

devocyon he w s
ow ds
he kyngs hyghnes nd my
lods g ce, &
h
he wold no
oonly be moos
edy
o execu
e hs
comm ndemen
s, bu
lso
o kepe sece
e suche
hngs s hs g ce
shuld wyll hm so
o doo: nsweed,
h
he h d
he quene of
s e

h
yf n
hs c use she mygh

ne & njoye he n

u ll defence &
jus
ce, she ds
us
ed no
hng bu

y
should
ke suche effec
e s
shuld be ccep
ble bo
h
o God & m n. And
h
fo
heese c uses:--
Fys
fo
h

w s n
he ees of God moos
pl ne & evyden

h

she w s neve knowen of Pnce A

hue. Secondly, fo
h
ney
he of

he judges wee compe

en
, beng bo
he
he kngs subjec
s, benefced
w
hn hs e lme, & deleg
e fom
he pope

he con
empl
on of

he kng, she beng neve h d, ne dmy

ed
o he defence. Thdly,
fo
h
she ne h d ne mygh
h ve w
hn
hs e lme ny ndffeen

couns le. Fyn lly, fo

h
she h d n Sp ne
wo bulles,
he oone
benge l

e d 
e
h n
he o
he, bu
bo
he of suche effyc ce &
s
eng
he, s shulde sone emove ll objec
ons & c vyll
ons
o be
m de
o
hnfngng of
hs m
ymone.
To
hs my lod's g ce eplyng s d, he m velled no
ly

le of he
so undysce
e ungodly puposes & s yngs, whch c used hm
o conceyve

h
she w s ney
he of suche pefec
on, ne ve
ue s he h d
hough

n
ymes p s

o h ve been n he: & so en
eng n efu

on of ll

he pemsses s d:--

Fys
, whee she s 
he
h
she w s no
knowen of Pnce A
hue,
veely 
s we ke & much unsue gownde fo he
o le ne un
o,
beng so ugen
& vehemen
pesump
ons _non solum Jus, sed e
 m de
Jue_
o
he con
 e, whch nd of congeuence ough

o wey moe n
evey equ ll judges bes

hen he symple lleg
on. Fo 
c nno
be
dened bu

h
bo
he he & she w s
hen of suche yes s w s me
e nd
h ble
o exple
e
h
c
. I
s lso veey no
e,
h

he dyd lye

oge
he, bo
he hee & n W ylles, by
he sp ce of
hee qu 
es of
yee. Fu
hemoe, no
hng w s so muche desyed of bo
he
hee p en
es
s
he consumm
on of
he s d c
: Insomuche
h

he couns les of
Fedn ndo beng esden
hee fo
h
puposse dyd send
he shee
s

he ley n, spo

ed w
h bloude, n
o Sp ne, n full
es
monye &
pouf
heof. The couns lles lso of bo
he p 
es mos
e solemnelye
swone ffe me n
hee
e
es & s en
h

he m
ymone w s
consumm
e by
h
c
. Fo
hemoe
he comen voyce
hough Engl nd s,

h

he s d Pnce A
hue shuld of
ymes boos
oon monyng how of
e
he h d been
he nygh
befoe n
he myddes of Sp ne: Insomuche
h

commonlye hs so pm

ue de
he w s mpu
ed onely
o _nmo co
u_.
Fyn lly, Kng Heny VII
h of blessed memoe, wold no
by ce
ne
sp ce f
e
he de
he of
he s de pnce, pemy

e o suffe
h

he kngs hghnes shuld njoye

he n me &
y
le of Pnce, onely fo

h

w s dowb
ed by such s
h n w s mos
bow
e
he quene whe
he
she w s conce ved wy
h chylde o noo. And
heefoe
hese pesump
ons
benge of suche so
e & n
ue, my lods g ce s d,
he quene shuld
do lyke ney
he wyse ne v 
uouse l dy
o dhee p 
n cely
o
he
con
 e.
To
he seconde hs g ce epled, s yng
h
f she shuld efuse nd
declne
he judgmen
of
hose p sons un
o whome
he pope's holness
h d deleg
ed
he ex mn
on of
hs c use, she shuld no
do well,
bu

so dong 
he ncu
he ndgn cyon of
he see pos
olque,
deseve
he obloque & h
ed of ll good chossn people & ngene
e
n
hee h 
es pepe
u ll h
e & enm
e g ns
he. Fo sy
he

he popes holnes poce dy

he n
hys commyssyon

he n
ecesson
o mo
on of no p 
e, bu
onely _ex meo mo
u p s
o l offco_, &
s
h
h
hs holnes no
w
hs
ndng he beng no
oously ce
yfed

h

hey be
he kngs subjec
s, & benefyced w
hn hs e lme h
he
ppoved
hee p sons s moos
me
e nd wo
he
o h ve
he hole
decson of
hs c wse commy

ed un
o
hem: w
h
h
lso
hee
p sons be qu lyfyed w
h so hyghe peemynence & dgn
e, s by
he
common l we c nno
be efused s suspec
. Fyn lle sy
he
he s me
p sons beng s
 
ly comm nded by
he kng's hyghnes, ll ffec
on
of mede o dede se
p 
, onely
o

end, w ye, eg d & consyde

he jus
yce of
he c wse s
hey sh ll
heun
o nswee on peell of

hee owne sowles & hs de dfull ndgn con, h ve no c wse whch
he
shuld v ye o deflec

he sen
ence o
hewyse
h n jus
yce sh ll
eque, spec lly n c wse of suche w ygh
& mpo
nce, & when

hey fo ungh

eouse judgemen
shuld cque no
hng els bu

hee
owne d mpn
on, e
en ll gnomne & ndgn
on of
hee pnce:
yf she shuld efuse suche p sons s suspec
, 
mgh
well be s de

h
she geve
h
y
les honou
o
he uc
o
e of
he chuche, &
h

hs e lme wee m velousle des

y
u
e of men of sncee le nyng &
conscence,
o
he ge
sl unde of
he s me.
And fyn lly hs g ce s d,
h
yf
hs excep
on shuld be dmy

ed s
suffycyen
c wse of ecus
on, fo
h

hey be benefyced by
he kngs
hyghnes,
h n
hs c wse of m
ymone mygh
nowhee be ven
yl
ed
o dyscussed w
hn Chs
ndone, fo
h

hee e no p sons of
uc
o
e & lenyng n ny egyon ou
of
hs e lme, g ne whome

he kng's hghnes mgh

no
lle dge, n lyke m nne, lyke c wse of
ecus
on & suspcon. The pope's holnes &
he holle cl ge of
Y
lle, Fl undes, Sp ne, Denm ke & Sco
l nde, beng now ey
he
confede
e o n
h ldome & c p
v
e of
he empeo's
y nny.
To
he
hd, concenng couns llos
o be e
ned on he beh lf, my
lods g ce s de,
h
l
hough he w s ygh
well ssued of
he kngs
sngule popencyon & ncln
on
o jus
yce, &
h
bove ll
hngs
hs ple sou w s jus
yce shuld be equ lly myns
ed
o ey
he p 
e n

hs c wse, beng lso neve wyllng o n mynde

ny
yme, bu

h

she shuld h ve de nd sss

nce of so well lened men, so wyse, nd
of so good conscence, s mgh
ny be founde w
hn
hs e lme: ye

hs g ce
hough

h
consydeng
he n
ue of
hs c wse
o be of
suche so
e, s necess ly mple
he
he hole
y
le of successon of

hs e lme, lyke s y

wee no
expedyen
, ne mygh
n ny wyse be
suffed w
how
ge
d nge & peell whch mgh

heby ensue,
o
m ke ny lene o s
 unge peve heun
o, spec lly
he Sp n ds
h vng now n
ellgence w
h
he Kng of Sco

s; So hs g ce
hough

h

he quene wold no
nsys
n so fyvolous pe

on, whch mgh

neve be g un
ed un
o he, bu
be con
en

o dmy

nd dhyby
suche
lened men s be hee n
hs egon he couns llos, n mely suche s
by
hee o
hes solempnly m de & vowed, & by expesse comm ndemen

_e
op
m g
 _ of
he kng's hghnes, shuld w
how
f wde o
coup
on shew un
o he
hee sen
ence nd openons: nd desyng

he con
 e heeof hs g ce s d she shuld doe no
hng bu
decl e
he owne sensu ll ffec
on
o se

fo
he
h
whche, ll due pouf,
bo
he by Gods l we & m ns l w h
h jus
ly condemned. And
hus ended my
lods g ces
lke w
h M^ Almone.
 Robe
Sho
on S. T. P.
hen m s
e of Pemboke H ll nd c non of
Wndso w s lmone
o
he queen, pefe'd by he
o
he de ney of
S
oke Suffolk,
he s me
h
w s n
enuncus c dn l de evoc nds
vs doc
s C n
bg Oxon m, nd some
me de n of
he c dn l's
ch pel.

_I
ne y of C dn l Wolseys l s
Jouney No
hw d, 1530._

He se
ou
fom Rchmond

he begnnng of P sson Week, bu
we
know no
on wh
pecse d y. The fs
d ys jouney w s
o Hendon n
Mddlesex, whee he lodged fo
he ngh


he house of
he bbo
of
Wes
mns
e.
The nex
d y he emoved
o pl ce c lled
he Rye,
he bode of
he
L dy P y.
The
hd d y
o Roys
on, whee he lodged n
he mon s
ey.
The fou
h d y
o Hun
ngdon, whee he sojouned fo
he ngh
n
he
bbey.
On P lm Sund y he e ched
he Abbey of Pe
eboough, whch he m de hs
bode un
l
he Thusd y n E s
e week, hs
 n fo
he mos
p 

beng
bo d w ges n
he
own. Hee he celeb
ed P lm Sund y, gong
w
h
he monks n pocesson, nd be ng hs p lm w
h ge
huml
y.
He kep
hs M und y on
he Thusd y so n med, w
h
he ccus
omed
ceemones nd boun
es
o
he poo. On E s
e Sund y he lso wen
n
pocesson n hs c dn l's h b
, nd pefomed
he sevce of hgh
m ss vey devou
ly.
Fom Pe
eboough he wen

o vs
hs old fend S Wll m
F
zwll ms, bou
fou mles fom
hence, who eceved hm w
h ge

joy nd hosp
l
y. He wen

hee on Thusd y n E s
e week nd
em ned un
l
he Mond y followng, on whch d y he wen

o S
mfod
nd l y
hee
h
ngh
.
On Tuesd y he wen

o G n
h m, whee he lodged n
he house of
gen
lem n n med H ll.
On Wednesd y he emoved
o New k, whee he es
ed n
he c s
le.
On Thusd y
o Sou
hwell, whee w s p l ce belongng
o hs see of
Yok, bu

hs beng ou
of ep  he w s lodged n
he house of one
of
he pebends. A
Wh
sun
de he emoved n
o
he p l ce, keepng
noble
ble, whee he w s vs
ed by
he chef pesons of
he coun
y.
A

he l

e end of _ge se
me_ he emoved
o Scoby, no
he house
belongng
o hs see of Yok, beng s much ege

ed
Sou
hwell
s he w s gee
ed
Scoby. In hs w y
o Scoby he
ook Welbeck o
News
ed Abbey, fom
hence
o Ruffod Abbey
o dnne, nd slep

Bly
he Abbey, e chng Scoby on
he followng d y, whee he em ned
un
l Mch elm s.
Abou
Mch elm s d y he emoved
o hs se
of C wood C s
le,
welve
mles (s d by C vendsh
o be only seven) fom Yok, nd n hs w y

h
he he l y
wo ngh
s nd d y
S
. Osw ld's Abbey, whee he
held confm
on. He l y
C wood long f
e, s ys C vendsh, w
h
much honou.
Hs clegy hee w 
ed upon hm
o
ke ode fo hs n
honz
on,
whch he seems
o h ve desed should be conduc
ed w
h s l

le pomp
s possble. The ceemony w s fxed
o
ke pl ce on
he Mond y f
e
All H llown Tde, bu
he w s es
ed on
he Fd y befoe (fou
h of
Novembe)
C wood, by
he E l of No
humbel nd nd M. Welsh.
They lef
C wood w
h hm n cus
ody on Sund y
he sx
h. The fs

ngh
he w s lodged n
he Abbey of Pomfe
.
The nex
d y [7^{
h}]
hey emoved
o Donc s
e.
The
hd d y [8^{
h}]
o Sheffeld P k, se
of
he E l of
Shewsbuy ( f
ew ds ppon
ed by Queen Elz be
h fo
he mee
ng
of he nd M y Queen of Sco
s, whch neve
ook pl ce), whee he
con
nued egh
een d ys, beng
hee sezed w
h
he flux. Hee S
Wll m Kngs
on
he Cons
ble of
he Towe c me
o
ke ch ge of hs
peson, nd on Thusd y
he
wen
y-fou
h of Novembe
hey se
fow d,

he c dn l h dly ble

o s
upgh
on hs mule. They p ssed
he
ngh

H dwcke upon Lne n No

ngh mshe. (_See no

e on
he
Lfe_, p. 379.)
On Fd y
he
wen
y-ff
h
hey ode
o No

ngh m, nd lodged
hee

h
ngh
.

On S
ud y
he
wen
y-sx
h
ngh
,
hey e ched Leces
e Abbey; he
h d m ny
mes lke
o h ve f llen fom hs mule by
he w y;
ellng

he bbo
s he en
eed he h d come
o l y hs bones mong
hem. He
g du lly bec me wose, nd ded
egh
o'clock n
he monng of
Tuesd y Novembe
he
wen
y-nn
h.

_Besde
he solemn m ss pefomed by C dn l Wolsey upon
he

fc
on of pe ce be
ween
he Fench nd Englsh kngs, whch
s descbed
p. 190 of
he Lfe, he offc
ed
no
he ge

ceemony of
h nksgvng upon occ son of
he Pope's delve nce
fom c p
v
y. The p 
cul s of whch e peseved n
he
chves of
he He ld's College n n ncen
book w

en by Thom s
W lle, Wndso He ld, nd publshed by D. Fddes
p. 179 of hs
Collec
ons. Fo
he convenence of
he e de who m y no
possess D.
Fddes's Lfe of Wolsey, I h ve
hough

des ble
o pl ce
hs
cuous el
on n my Appendx._
_The Commng nd Reseyvng of
he Lod C dn ll n
o Powles fo
he
Esc png of Pope Clemen
_ VII. A. D. 1527. A^o Regn Henc VIII.
XIX^{
h}.

Memo ndum
h

he ff
h d y of J nu y beyng Sund y even n
he ye 
foes d,
he Lod Thom s Wolcy C dn ll of Yoke &c. l ndyd be
weene
egh
of
he clocke nd nyne n
he monnge

he Bl ck fy s

London, w
h ge
comp ny of noblemen nd gen
lemen, whee me
w
h
hm
he Emb ss dous of
he Pope, of
he Empeou,
he Fenche knge,
of Vense, of Floence, of Mll n. And so pocedyd on hoseb ck un
o
Powles chuch doe, whee
hey dd lgh
. And
he
he offces of
 mes longng un
o
he kng g ve
hee
hee

end nce, nd
hs
lgh
ng pu
on
hee soo
es of mes. And hee w s lso foue of

he doc
os, pebend ys of
he s yd Powles, n copes nd gey mys,
whch b e ch c n pe ove hm of clo
h of gould. And so
he lod
c dn ll pocedyd, h vyng
hempeous emb ss dou on hs gh
h nd,
nd
he Fenche knges [emb ss dou] on hs lf
e h nd, un
ll he c me

o
he ches whee w s pep ed b nk w
h quyshons nd c pe
s,
whee
he s d Lod kneled, nd
hee me
e hm, n Pon
fc lbus,
he
Bushop of London,
he Bushop of S
. Asse [As ph] whch censyd hm: And

he Bushop of Lncoln,
he Bushop of B
h,
he Bushop of Ll nd ff,

he Lod Pou of Wes

m^,
he Pou of S
. S vous,
h Abbo
s of
S

fod, nd of Towehll,
he Pou of Chs
-chuche, of S
. M y
Spy
ell, w
h o
he
o
he so[=m]e of xv m
es. And so
he pocesson
of
he hole quye pocedyd fou
h, h vyng
h mb ss dous w
h hm s
foe, up
o
he que, nd so
o
he hgh ul
e, whe, hs obl
on
doon, he wen
w
h hm n
o hs
 ves, nd dunge
h

he howe w s
sngng he w s eves
yd n Pon
fc lbus, nd
hen he w
h ll
he
o
he pel
s,
he quee of Powles nd hs hole quee, w
h hs su

of ch copes, wen

n pocesson w
hn
he s d chuch,
he offces
of ms bou
hm, nd nex
f
e hm
hemb ss dous, nd
hen
he
M yo of London, nd
he o
he es

es nd gen
lemen, w
h
he ldemen
of
he c

e.
The pocesson doon,
he M sse of
he Tn
y w s begun, songen by
he
Byshop of London;
he Pou of S
. M y Sp

ell Gospelle;
he Pou
of Chs
Chuch Ps
ole. The m sse doon
he lod c dn ll w
h
he
o
he pel
z wen
un
o
he quye doe, whee Doc
o C pon decl yd

he c l m
es, msees, nd
he oppobous deeds nd woks, w
h

he ge
suff nce
h
ou mo
he
he Holy Chuche h
h suffyd, no

llonly by
he Lu
he n so
e, whch w s lyke
o h ve so
yd
o n
ung cous effec
e; bu
lso now of l
e of
he ge
unh ppy delngs
of
he P ynymes, nd vol
os of ou Chs
en f 
h,
he men of
w  belongng
o
he empeo. In
he soowful des
uc
on of Rome,
whee
hey, lke msce n
z, no
hng eg dng no
he God no sh me,
volen
lye
ooke nd by foce mpsoned ou Holy F
he
he Pope,
he
whch now of l
e by
he helpe of ou Lod God, whch se hs chuche n
p^dcon, dd eleve h
g ne; nsomuch
h
ou s d Holy F
he
s esc pyd
he h nds, whefoe
he Lod Leg
s g ce by
he kngs
comm ndemen
h
h hee c used s
hs d y,
hs noble ssemble
o be
h d,
o
he end
h
l uds p ysngs nd cong
ul
ons mgh
be gyven
by ll
ue Chs
en people un
o Almgh
y God, nd
he hole comp ny of
He ven.
And
hus dong,
he s d lod c dn ll dd gve hs benedc
on
o
ll
he people. Whch Doc
o C pon s yd, much moe
h n I c n ehese,
nd
hs doon
he s yd lod e
ounyd
o
he ul
e whe
he lod
c dn l beg n _Te Deum_,
he whch w s solempnly songen w
h
he
kngs
umpe

s nd sh lmes, s well Inglshmen s Venys ns, whch

doon evey m n ep yed home. And
he Lod Leg
C dn ll wen

o hs
pl ce
o dynne, nd
he emb ss dous w
h hm.
_Coped ou
of n ncen
book w

en by Thom s W lle Wndsoe, nd

f
ew ds G 
e, folo 126. Ex mned by us_,
WILLIAM LE NEVE.
L. YORKE.
DANCER HANCOCKE.
 _The Ceemon l of ecevng
he C dn l's H
, sen
by
he Pope
o
Wolsey._ Ex
 c
ed fom MS. n
he He ld's Offce. Ceemon. vol. 3.
p. 219.
[FROM FIDDES' COLLECTIONS. _See p. 92._]

In
he ye e of ou Lod 1515,
he 15^{
h} d e of Novembe, beng
Thusd e nd
he se ven
h ye e of ou soveegne lod Kng Heny

he Egh
,
he s d po
hon
y en
e'd n
o London, whch befoe
ccodng w s me

bo
he

he se sde, lkewse
C n
ebuy nd

Roches
e w
h
he bshop of
he s me, nd
Bl ck He
h
he e
me

w
h hm
he Reveend F
he n God
he Bshop of Lncolne,
he
E le of Essex, nd m ny o
he gen
. of ge
honou, bo
h sp
u l
nd
empo l, nd soe poceeded
hough London,
he Bshop of Lncolne
dnge on
he gh
h nd [of]
he s d po
hon
y nd
he E le of
Essex on hs lef
h nd, h vng w
h
hem sxe hoses o bove, nd

hey ll well beseemng nd keepng good ode n

he poceedng.
The M o of London w
h
he ldemen on hoseb ck n Che psde, nd

he c f
e s
oode n
he s
ee
s f
e
hee cus
ome: nd when
he
s d H

w s comen
o
he Abbey of Wes
mns
e, whe e

he no
h
doo of
he s me w s ede
h Abbo
nd egh
bbo

s besdes hm,
ll n pon
fc lbus, nd hono ble eceved 
; nd n lke so

he s me conveed
o
he hgh l
e, whe uppon 
w s se

. The
Sund e nex
followng,
he egh
en
h d e,
he mos
Reveend F
he
n God my Lod C dn l, well ccomp ned w
h noble nd gen
lemen,
bo
h sp
u l nd
empo l, beng on hoseb ck, s kngh
s, b ons,
bshops, e les, dukes, nd ch-bshops, ll n due ode poceeded
fom hs pl ce be
wx
egh
nd nyne of
he clocke
o
he bbey; nd


he doe befoes d, hs g ce w
h ll
he noble men descended
fom
he hoses nd wen

o
he hgh l
e, whe e on
he sou
h
sde w s odeyned goodle
 ves fom my Lod C dn l, nd when
hs g ce w s comen n
o 
, med
ele beg n
he M sse of
he Holy
Ghos
, songen by
he Ach-bshop of C n
ebuy,
he Bshop of Lncoln
Gospelle, nd
he Bshop of Exces
e Eps
ole,
h Ach Bshops of
Am ch n nd Dublyn,
he Bshops of Wnches
e, Duesme, Nowche,
Ely, nd L nd ffe, nd v bbo

s, s of Wes
mns
e, S n
Alb ns,
Buy, Gl s
onbuy, Re dng, Gloces
e, Wnche-Combe, Tewkesbuy, nd

he Po of Coven
e, ll n pon
fc lbus. The Bshop of Roches
e
w s cose
o my Lod of C n
ebuy dung
he m ss. M^ Doc
o
Colle
, De ne of Powles, m de bef coll
on o popos
on, n
whch espec lly he
ouched
he
hngs, Th
s
o w

,
he n me of
c dn l, nd whe eof 
s s d, lsoe
he hghe honou nd dgn
e
of
he s me, nd s keepng
he 
cles due nd belongng
o 
, nd
by wh
me nes he ob
ned
o
hs hgh honou chefle, s by hs own
me
s,
he e n mnge dves nd sunde ve
ues
h
he h
h used,
whch h ve been
he c use of hs hgh nd joyous pomo
on
o ll
he
e lme. The second c use of hs pomo
on w s
hough ou soveegne
lod
he kng, fo
he ge
e ze le nd f vou
h
ou holy f
he
he
pope h
h
o hs g ce. The second
hng, s
ouchng
he dgn
e of
pnce s h vng powe judc l. The
hd, of bshop sgnfyng
bo
h
he old nd newe l we, nd h vnge
he powe of
hem, nd lso

he hghe nd ge
powe of c dn l, nd howe he be
okene
h
he
fee be mes of wsdome nd ch 
e, whch
he pos
les eceved of

he Hole Ghos
e on Wh
sund e, nd c dn l epesen
e
h
he ode
of se phn, whch con
nu lly benne
h n
he love of
he gloous
Tn
y; nd fo
hes consde
ons c dn l s onele pp elled
w
h edd, whch collou onele be
okene
h nobleness; nd howe
hese

hee es

es befoe n med be colloc
ed nd pl ced n he ven, lso he
exho
e
h
he e my lod c dn l, s yng
o hm n
hs wse: _Non
m gn
udo supebum ex
oll
nobl

ssmum honosq; dgn

e_. Bu

emembe
h
ou S vou n hs owne peson s d
o hs dscples,
_Non ven mns
 , sed mns
 e; & qu mno n
e vos hs m o
egno Celoum, e
qu se ex l

huml bl
u, & qu se huml

ex l
b
u_; my lod c dn l, be gl d nd enfoce you selfe lw ys

o doe nd execu
e gh
eousness
o che nd pooe, nd mecy w
h

u
h; nd desed ll people
o p e fo hm
h
he mgh

he

he obseve
hese poyn
s, nd n ccomplshnge
he s me wh
hs
ew d sh ll be n
he Kngdom of He ven; nd so ended. The Bull w s
e d by Doc
o Vecy, De ne of
he Kng's Ch ppell, nd Exces
e, nd

Agnus De c me fo
h of hs
 ves my Lod C dn l nd kneeled
befoe
he mddle of
he hgh l
e, whe e fo ce
yne
yme he l ye
g vellng, hs hood ove hs he d, dung benedc
ons nd p yes,
concenng
he hgh Ce
on of C dn l, s d ove hm by
he Rgh

Reveend F
he n God
he Ach-Bshop of C n
ebue, whch lsoe
se

he h

uppon hs he d. Then Te Deum w s sung. All sevce nd

ceemones fnshed, my Lod c me
o
he dooe befoe-n med, led by

he Dukes of Noffolk nd Suffolk, whee hs g ce w

h ll
he noble
men scended uppon
he hoses, nd n good ode poceeded
o hs
pl ce by Ch ng Cosse, nex
befoe hm
he cosse, peceedng 

he m ce such s belonge
h c dn l
o h ve, nd
hen my Lod of
C n
ebuy, h vnge no cosse bone befoe hm, w
h
he Bshop of
Wnches
e, befoe
hem
he Duke of Noffolk nd Suffolk
oge
he, nd
n lke ode
he esdue of
he noblemen, s
he Bshop of Duh m w
h

he Popes O
o,
hen
he M quess Dose

w
h
he E le of Suey,

he E le of Shewsbue,
he E le of Essex,
he E le of Wl
she,

he E le of Deby,
he Lod of S
. Johns,
he Lod F
zw
e,
he
Lod of Bug veny,
he Lod D wbeny,
he Lod Wlloughby,
he Lod
H s
ngs,
he Lod Fees,
he Lod L

me,
he Lod Cobh m, nd

he Lod D cey, S Heny M ney, S John Peche, S Thom s P ,
S Nchol s V ux, nd so ll o
he B nnee

s, Knygh
s, nd Gen
lemen
befoe, f
e
he degees, nd followng hs g ce
he Ach-bshop of
Am ch n nd Dublyn,
he Bshops of Lncolne nd Nowche, Exces
e,
Ely, nd Roches
e, nd
he ----, f
e
hem, my Lods C dn ls pl ce,
beng well so
ed n evey beh lfe, nd used w
h goodle ode,
he
h ll nd ch mbes g nshed vey sump
uousle w
h che  s, ge

fe s
kep
s
o suche hghe nd honou ble ce
on belonge
h.
A

he whch wee
he Kng & Queene nd
he Fench Queene, w
h ll

he noblemen bove specfed, lsoe pesen

he ce
on
he Lod
Fne ux,
he Lod Re d,
he B ons of
he Excheque, w
h o
he Judges
nd Seje n
s
L w.

FINIS.

POEMS.
BY
GEORGE CAVENDISH.

The Poems of Geoge C vendsh, whch ccomp ny

he Lfe of Wolsey n

he Ogn l Au
og ph M nuscp
, conss
of sees of Vsons upon

he Fo
unes nd F ll of
he mos
emnen
Pesons of hs
me.
The e de s hee pesen
ed w
h
he Pologue;
he Legend of Wolsey;
nd
he Au
ho's Addess
o hs Book; w
h
wo s
nz s fom long
Ep
ph on Queen M y. Ths specmen, 
s pesumed, wll be deemed
suffcen

o convey n de of
he s
yle of C vendsh n vese.
I
should be emembeed,
h

he Mo fo M gs

es, whch
subsequen
ly bec me so popul , h d no

hen been gven
o
he wold.
C vendsh,
heefoe, m y h ve fomed hs pl n fom Lydg
e's F ll of
Pnces. T ces of
he s me knd of vesfc
on, whch s evden
ly
n
ended
o depend moe on hy
hmc l c dence
h n
he numbe of fee

n
he vese, wll be found n Skel
on, n S
ephen H wes, Nchol s
Gmo ld, nd o
he con
bu
os
o To

el's Mscell ny of Songes nd

Sonne

es. In
he MS. copy
hee s no punc
u
on; bu
ns
e d we
h ve
he m k of
he p use o csu n
he mddle nd occ son lly

he end of
he lne; s m y be em ked n
he ex mple on
he pl
e of
f c-smles.

PROLOUG DE L'AUCTOR G. C.
In
he mony
h of June, I lyeng sole lon
Unde
he umbe[246] of n oke w
h bowes pend n
,
Wh n Phebus n Gemynys h d hs couse ovegon
And en
eed C nce, sygne e
og d n
,
In me n me sue hs be ms  dy n
,
Appo chng Leo,
h n mused I n mynd
Of fykkellness of Fo
une nd
he couse of kynd[247];
How some e by fo
une ex l
ed
o ches,
And of
en such s mos
unwo
hy be;
And some oppessed n l ngo nd sykness,
Some w ylng, l kkyng wel
he, by we
ched pove
e;
Some n b yle nd bond ge, nd some
lbe
e:
W
h o
he moo gys
es[248] of fo
une v y ble;
Some ple s n
, some me n, nd some onpof
ble.
Bu
f
e dewe seche nd be

e dvsemen
,
I knewe by Re son
h
oonly God bove
Rewl
he
hos
hyngs, s s mos
convenyen
,
The s me devysng
o m n fo hs behove[249];
Wheefoe D me Re son dd me pesu de, nd move
To be con
en
w
h my sm ll es

e,
And n
hs m

e no moe
o ves
g
e.
Wh n I h d deb
ed ll
hyng n my mynd,
I well consdeed myne obscue blyndness;
So
h
non excuse could I see o fynd,
Bu

h
my
yme I spen
n delnes;
Fo
hs me
hough
, nd
ew 
s dough
les,
Th
snce I me e son ble ce
ue,
I owgh
my e son nd wy

o pu
n ue[250].
Th n of wh
m

e mygh
I devse
o wgh
,
To use my
yme nd wy

e
o excecyse,
S
he mos
men h ve no ple sou o delgh

In ny hs
oy, w
hou

sownd
o vce:
Al ss! shold I
h n,
h
me no
young

se
W
h lewed b ll

s, f yn
h 
s
o synne,
O fl

e es

s[251] some f vo of

hem
o wynne.
Wh

h n sh ll I wgh
?
he noble dough
yness
Of es

s
h
used s now d yes?
I sh ll
h n l k m

e; fo gedy cove

ousnes
Of v yne ches, whche h
he s
op
ll
he w yes
Of wo
hy chyv lly,
h
now d yly soe dek yes:
And ye

houghe some beh ve
hem nobly,
Ye
some
he be
h
d yly do
h
he con
 ye.
Fo some lovy
h me
fynne nd delcous,
And some b udye[252] bo
hes, s
he educ son h
h be;
So some love
he v
ue, nd some
les vcous:
Sewely suche
les ge
ye non of me,
Bu

o eschewe ll ocos
e,
Of Fo
une's fykellnes hee f
e sh ll I wgh
,
How ge
es
es

s she ove
howy
h by mygh
.
Thoughe I onwo
he
hs
 gedy do begyne,
Of p don I p y
he edes n meke wyse;
And
o coec
whee
hey se f ul

heen,
Repu
ng 
fo l k of connyng execyse.
The c use
h
moved me
o
hs en
epse
Especy lly w s
h
ll es

s mygh
see
Wh

s
o
us

o Fo
une's mu
byl
e.
W
h pen nd ynke I
oke
hs wok n h nd,
Redy
o wgh

he de dly dole nd whofull pl yn

Of
hem whose f ll
he wold do
h undes
nd;
Whch fo fe e m de my he 

o f yn
:
I mus
wgh
pl yn; colous h ve I none
o p yn
;
Bu

emes ude
he dolous
o comple;
An wofull pl yn
mus
h ve n wofull s
yle.
To whome
heefoe fo helpe sh ll I nowe c ll?
Al s! C lope my c llng wll u

ely efuse;
Fo monyng d
es nd woo of Fo
une's f lle
C lope dyd neve n h dy
es use;
Wheefoe
o h I mgh
my self buse:
Also
he Muss
h
on P n sus syng
Suche w blyng dole dd
neve
empe s
yng.
Now
o
h
Lod whose powe s celes
 ll,
And gwydy
h ll
hyng of s dnes nd of blysse,
W
h humble voyce
o
he I ce nd c ll,
Th

hou wouldes
dec
my sely[253] pen n
hs:
Fo, w n
yng of
hy helpe, no m vel
houghe I mysse;
And by
hy g ce,
hough my s
yle be ude,
In sen
ence pl yne I m y full well conclude.
Nowe by
hy helpe
hs hys
oy I wll begyn,
And fom
heffec
v e no
hng
ll;
Fo f I shold, 
w e
o me ge
synne
To
ke uppon me m

e so subs
ncy ll,
So w y
e, so necess e, of f me pepe
u ll:
And
hus
o be sho
, oon beg n
o speke
W
h de dly voyce, s
houghe hs h 
wold beke.

FINIS QUOD G. C.
LE HISTORYE
CARDINALIS EBORACENSIS.
O Fo
une! (quo
h he) shold I on
he compl yn,
O of my neglgence,
h
I sus
eyn
hs sm 
?
Thy doble vs ge h
he led me
o
hs
 yne;
Fo
my begynnyng
hou dyds
y
ke my p 
,
Un
ll mbyson h d puffed up my h 

W
h v ngloy, hono, nd usuped dgny
e,
Foge

yng cle ne my n
u ll mendyc
e.
Fom pove
e
o plen
e, whch now I see s v yn,
A c dn l I w s, nd leg
e de l
ee,
A byshope nd chbysshope,
he moe
o ce se my g yn
Ch uncello of Englond, Fo
une by h f lse fl

ee
Dyd me dv nce, nd g ve me such uc
oy
e
Th
of hyghe nd low I
oke on me
he ch ge,
All Engl nd
o ewle, my powe ex
endyd l ge.
Wh n Fo
une w
h f vo h d se
me
hus lof
,
I g
heed me ches; suffs nce could no
con
en
;
My f e w s supefluous, my bed w s fyne nd sof
;
To h ve my deses I p s
no
wh
I spen
:
In ye
he, such bond unce Fo
une h d me len
,
Y
w s no
n
he wold
h
I could well eque,
Bu
Fo
une s
 y
w yes dd g un
me my dese.
My byldyngs somp
ous,
he offes w
h gold nd byse[254]
Shone lyke
he sone n myd d y spee,
C f
ely en
ylled[255] s connyng could devse,
W
h m ges embossed, mos
lvely dd ppee;
Expe
es

fces
h
w e bo
h f e nd nee,
To be u
yfe my howssys, I h d
hem
my wll:
Thus I w n
ed nough
my ple sues
o fullfll.
My g llees w e f ye bo
h l ge nd long,
To w lke n
hem wh n
h

lyked me bes
;
My g dens swee
, enclosed w
h w lles s
ong,
Emb nked w
h benches
o sy

nd
ke my es
;
The kno

s so enkno

ed, 
c nno
be expes
[256],
W
h bos nd lyes so ple s n
nd so dulce,
The pes
ylen
yes w
h fl vos
o epulse.
My ch mbes g nysh
w
h  s fynne,
Impo
yng peson ges of
he lyvelyes
kynd:
And wh n I w s dsposed n
hem
o dynne,
My clo
he of es

e
hee e dy dd I fynd,
Funysshed comple

ccodng
o my mynd;
The sub
yll pefumes of muske nd swee
mbe,
Thee w n
ed non
o pefume ll my ch mbe.
Pl
e of ll so
s mos
cuously wough
,
Of f cons new, I p s
no
of[257]
he old,
No vessell bu
sylve befoe me w s bough
,
Full of d yn
es vy nds,
he some c nno
be
old;
I d nke my wynne lw yes n sylve nd n gold:
And d ylye
o seve me,

endyng on my
ble,
Sev un
s I h d bo
he woshpfull nd hono ble.
My cosses
w yne of sylve long nd ge
e,
Th
d yly byfoe me w e c ed hyghe,
Upon ge
hoses, opynly n
he s
e
e,
And m sse pll s gloouse
o
he eye,
W
h poll xes gyl

h
no m n dus
come nyghe
My pesence, I w s so pyncely
o behold,
Rdyng on my mule
 pped n sylve nd gold.
My leg n
yne peog
yve w s myche
o myn v yle,
By ve
ue wheof I h d
hys hgh peemynence:
All v c n
benefces I dd
hem s
 y
e
ylle,
Pesen
yng
h n my cl ke, s sone s I h d n
ellygence:
I peven
ed
he p
on,
he v ylled[258] no ess
ence;
All bysshopes nd pel
es dus
no
oons den y,
They dough
ed so my powe,
hey mygh
no
dysobey.
Thus m y you see how I
o ches dd

yne,
And w
h suffs unce my mynd w s no
con
en
;
Wh n I h d mos
, I 
hes
[259] wold compl yne;
Fo l ke of good, l s! how I w s blen
[260]!
Whee sh ll my g
heyngs nd good be spen
?
Some oon, pech nce, sh ll me
heeof dysch ge,
Whom I mos
h
e, nd spend 
ow

l ge[261].
Sy

ng n Jugemen
, p cy ll w e my doomes;
I sp ed non es

e, of hyghe o low degee;

I pefeed whom me lys
, ex l
yng symple gomes
Above
he nobles; I sp ed myche
he sp
u l
e,
No
p ssyng myche on
he
empe l
e;
Pomo
yng such
o so hyghe es

e
As un
o pynces wold boldly s y chek-m
e.
Oon
o subdewe
h
dd me lw ys f vo,
And n
h
pl ce no
he
o v unce,
Ayens
ll
ew
he, I dd my busy l bo,
And, whles
I w s wokyng w

y whles n F unce,
I w s
home suppl n
ed, whee I
hough
mos
ssu unce:
Thus who by f ud f udelen
s found,
F ud
o
he def ude wll ye ebound.
Who woky
h f ude of
en s dsceyved;
As n myo, ye m y behold n me;
Fo by dscey
, o I h d 
peceyved,
I w s dsceyved; guedon me
e p de
Fo hyme
h
wold, yens
ll equ
e,
Dysceyve
he nnocen
,
h
nnocen
w s n deede;
Theefoe Jus
ce of Jus
ce yens
me mus
poceede.
Fo by my sub
ll de lyng
hus 
c me
o p sse,
Che fely dsd yned, fo whome I
oke
he p yn;
And
h n
o epen

w s
oo l
e, l s!
My pupose I wold
h n h ve ch nged f yn;
Bu

wold no
be, I w s peceved pl yn:
Thus Venus
he goddesse
h
c lled s of love
Sp ed no
w
h spgh

o byng me fom bove.
Al s! my sove yn Lod,
hou ddes
me v unce,
And se

es
me uppe n
hys ge
pompe nd pyde,
And g ves

o me
hy e lme n goven unce;
Thy pycely wll why dd I se
sde,
And followed myn own, consdeyng no

he
yde,
How f
e floode n ebbe comy
h on p ce?
Th

o consde, n my
yhumphe I l kked g ce.
Now fykkell Fo
une
oned b
he h whele,
O I 
wys
[262], ll sodenly, nd down she dd me c s
;
Down w s my bed, nd upw d wen
my hele,
My hold f ylled me
h
I
hough
sue nd f s
;
I se by expeence, h f vo do
h no
l s
;
Fo she full low now h
h bough

me unde, Though I on h compl yn, l s! 

s no wonde.
I los
myne hono; my
e sue w s me be f
;
F yn
o voyd, nd quykly
o geve pl ce,
Symply
o dep 
, fo me no
hng w s l f
,
W
hou
penny o pound I lved ce
yn sp ce,
Un
ll my sove yn Lod ex
endyd
o me hs g ce;
Who es
oed me suffcen
, f I h d byn con
en

To m yn
yn myn es

e, bo
h of loud nd en
.
Ye
, no
w
hs
ndng, my co ge w s so h ul
,
Dspgh
of mne enemyes ubbed me on
he g ll,
Who conspyed
oge
he
o
ke me w
h s ul
;
They
 velled w
hou

 ll
o geve me f ll:
I
heefoe en
endyd
o
e my fends ll;
To fo yn po
en

es wo

my le

es pl yn,
Deseng
he yd,
o es
oe me
o f vo g ne.
Myn ennemyes, pecevng, c ugh

heeof dysd yn,
Dough
yng
he d ynge, de med on
he dough
;
In councell consul
ng, my sew
e
o es
 yn,
Accused me of
e son, nd bough

so bou

Th
,
 vellng
o my
 l, o I could
e 
ow
e,
De
h w
h hs d 
s
 ke me fo
he nons[263],
In Leces
e, full lowe, whee nowe lye
h my boons.
Loo, nowe you m y see wh

s
o
us

In woldly v ny
es
h
voydy
h w
h
he wynd;
Fo de
h n momen
consume
h ll
o dus
:
No hono, no gloy,
h
eve m n cowld fynd,
Bu
Tyme w
h hys
yme pu

y
he ll ou
of mynd;
Fo Tyme n be fe
yme dusky
h
he hys
oy
Of
hem
h
long
yme lyved n gloy.
Whee s my
ombe
h
I m de fo
he nons,
Wough
of fynne coppe,
h
cos
m ny pound,
To couche n my c on nd my o

en boo
s?
All s by
v yn-gloy, now I h ve found,
And sm ll
o
he pupose, when I m n
he gound;
Wh
do
h 
v ylle me, ll
h
I h ve,
Seyng I me de de nd l ved n my g ve?
F ewell H mp
on Cou
, whos founde I w s;
F ewell Wes
mns
e Pl ce, now p l ce oy ll;
F ewell
he Mooe, le
Tynnyn nge[264] p sse;
F ewell, n Oxfod, my college c dyn ll;
F ewell, n Ipsewch, my schole g m
c ll:
 Ye
oons f ewell, I s y, I sh ll you neve see;
You somp
ous byldyng, wh
now v ylle
he me?
Wh
v ylly
h my ge
bound nce?
Wh
s nowe lef

o helpe me n
hs c se?
No
hng
ll bu
dompe n
he d unce,
Among de de men
o
yppe on
he
 ce:
And fo my g y houss now h ve I
hs pl ce
To l y n my k c s, w p
n shee
e,
Kny

w
h kno

my led nd my fee
e.
Wh
v yle
h now my fe
he bedds sof
,
Shee
s of R ynes[265], long, l ge, nd wde,
And dyves devyses of clo
hes ch ynged of
;
O vcous ch pleyns w lkng by my syde,
Voyde of ll ve
ue, fullflled w
h pyde,
Whch b
he c used me, by epo
of suche f me,
Fo
he myslyvyng
o h ve n yll n me.
Ths s my l s
compl yn
, I c n s y you no moe,
Bu
f ewell my sev n

h
f y
hefull h
he be;
No
e well
hese wods, quod he, I p y
he
hefoe,
And wgh

hem
hus pl yn, s I h ve
old
hem
he,
All whch s
ewe,
hou knowes
well, p de;
Thou f ylleds
me no
, un
ll
h
I dyed,
And now I mus
dep 
, I m ye no longe byde!

SPECIMEN
OF
AN EPITAPHE ON QUENE MARIE.
BY GEORGE CAVENDISH:
CONSISTING OF FIFTEEN STANZAS.
Dscend fom hevyn, O Muse Melpomene,
Thou mounfull goddesse, w
h
hy ss
es ll,
P sse n you pl yn
s
he wofull Nobe,
Tome musyke
o mone w
h
eees e
en ll,
Bl ke be you h be

s, dyme, nd fune l;
Fo de
he b
he beef
,
o ou ge
dolou,
M y ou m s
es, ou quene of hono.
Ou quene of hono, comp ed p
ly
To VERITAS VICTRIX, d ugh
e of Tyme,
By God sss
ed, m sed n mye,
When she vgn cle e, w
hou
cyme,
By ygh
, w
hou
mgh
, dd h ppely clyme
To
he s
ge oy l, jus
nhe
o,
Pocl ymed M y ou quene of hono.

TH'AUCTOR TO HIS BOOKE.

Cepe fo
he, my boke, unde
he po
eccon
Of suche s h ve bo
he le nyng nd eloquence;
Humbly submy

yng
he
o
he coeccon
 Of wo
hy w
es of v
uous excellence,
Besechyng ll
hem, of
he benygn p cence
To
ke
he me nyng, howeve
he m

e f me,
Of
hs
hyn uc
o, b sshed of hs n me.
Fo, fs
of ll, wh n I do behold
Of f mous w
es
he goodly ccums
nce,
My qu kng h nd my penne unne
he c n hold,
So dombe I me of doc
yn, l me of expeence,
S
keyng n s
yle, ons vey of sen
ence,
S ve oonly hope,
h
s 
he w
hou
en f yll,
Th
my well me nyng sh ll quy

my
 v yll.
Thus, no
pesumyng of le nyng ne eloquence,
Hope m de me shove
he boo
e fom
he shoe;
Desyyng no
hyng fo my f e o expence,
Bu
only good wyll; I ske no moe:
And fo[266]
he hu
of envy
h
mygh
oe,
I sh ll se
my showd[267] fo my defence,
Unde
he m n
ell of well wyllyng udyence.
And pncp lly
hs my wok fo
o sss
,
I humbly beseche
h
Lod
h
s e
en ll
To defend my penne
h
wo

hs w
h my fs
,
To be my s veg d, my s
ffe, nd my w ll;
And consequen
ly fo fe e le s
I shold f ll
In
he d ynge of
he le ned[268] nd hono ble so
,
I p y
hem ll my l menes
o suppo
.
Le s
pech unce
he ple s un
floode do f ylle
Of w

y w
ng o suged eloquence,
Followe,
hefoe, good wyll

he boo
s
ylle,
Me
o peseve n
he w ves of gno nce,
Socoued by hope nd gen
ll suffe nce:
Nowe h le uppe, skulle; God g un
me wynd,
And Jhesu defend me
o my lves end.
Wh n
hou, my boke, comes
n
o
he pe se
Bo
he of
he wyse nd le ned mul

ude,
To excuse
hyn uc
o
hou c ns
do no lesse,
W n
yng le nyng, nd of u

e nce ude,
Whch dd neve
hs en
epse en
ude;
Tus
yng e
he of wy

o le nyng,
Bu
fo n execse, nd non o
he
hyng.
FINIE ET COMPIL LE XXIIIJ JOUR DE JUNIJ
REGNO[=R] PHILIPPI REX & REGINE MARIE IIIJ^{TO}. & V^{TO}.[269]
PER LE AUCTOR G. C.
_Novus Rex, nov Lex: Nov sol Regn , pobz pene un ._

FINIS.

LONDON:
 PRINTED BY THOMAS DAVISON, WHITEFRIARS.

FOOTNOTES:
[246] _umbe_, . e. sh de, _ombe_, F.
[247] _kynd_, s _n
ue_.
[248] _gys
es_, o _ges
s_, e _ c
ons_.
[249] Fo hs _behove_, fo hs _behoof_ o _ dv n
ge_.
[250] To pu
n _ue_, . e.
o pu
n _use_. Thus n Feex nd
Poex, by S ckvlle:
And wsdome wlled me w
hou
po
 c

In speede wse
o pu

he s me n _ue_.

[251] _es

s_, . e. nobles, pesons of  nk o ge

es

e.
[252] Ths wod w s used by ou nces
os
o sgnfy ny
hng _ge sy_
o _fl
hy_;
he evolu
ons of l ngu ge h ve
leng
h confned 

o
one only of 
s ncen
ccep

ons,
h
of _obscen
y_.
[253] _sely_, . e. _smple_.
[254] _gold nd byse_, s gold nd _puple_.
[255] _en
ylled_, . e. c ved, vde p. 300.
[256] Ths s no unn
ees
ng pc
ue of
he secluson desed by ou
nces
os n
he old geome
c s
yle of g denng. Of
hs cuous
kno
-g den of Wolsey
he em ns e s
ll
o be seen
H mp
on
Cou
,
he m ze
hee fomng p 
of 
.
[257] _I p s
no
of_, . e. I c ed no
fo.
[258] _v ylled_, v led.
[259] _
hes
_, . e. soones
.
[260] _blen
_, . e. _blnd_.
[261] Ths s veson of
he concludng p ss ge of
he Lfe of
he
C dn l.
[262] _wys
_, . e. knew.
[263] fo
he _nons_, o _nonce_, fo
he _pupose_.
[264] Ths s _T

enh nge_, n He

fodshe, whch Wolsey held s
Abbo
of S
. Alb ns:
hee w s fomely p l ce belongng
o
he
Abbo
s of S
. Alb ns
hee.
[265] Shee
s of _R ynes_. The fne lnen used by ou nces
os s
fequen
ly c lled clo
h of _R ynes_. Rennes n B

nny w s fomely
celeb
ed fo 
s m nuf c
ue of fne lnen. In
he enume
on of
he
c dn l's
e sues
H mp
on Cou
, m ny peces of clo
h of R ynes
e men
oned. In
he Old Ph se Book, en

led Vulg  , by W. Hom n,
1519, s
he followng p ss ge: "He we e
h shu
e of _R yns_ wh n
cuse wold seve hm."
[266] "And _fo_
he hu
of envy," . e. _ g ns
_
he hu
of envy.
Envy beng
he _c use_ of hs seekng
o showd hmself.
[267] A _showd_, sgnfed sheld o buckle, nd me
phoc lly ny
knd of defence, cove
ue, o pl ce of po
ec
on.
[268] ----"le s
I shold f ll _In
he d ynge_ of
he le ned nd
hono ble so
."
Th
s, "les
I should encoun
e
he _censue_, o f ll n
o
he
con
ol of
he sevee judgmen
." The ph se h s 
s ogn fom
he
b b ous L
n _n d ngeo_, nd s common
o Ch uce nd ou elde
w
es s well s
o Sh kspe e nd hs co
empo es.
[269] By
hs s me n

he Fou
h Ye  of
he Regn of Phlp, nd

he Ff
h of Queen M y, nsweng
o 1558. The L
n hymng couple

C vendsh ppe s
o h ve dded f
e
he commencemen
of Elz be
h's
egn. How f  fom
ue pophecy 
poved,
he long nd pospeous
egn of Elz be
h m y w
ness.

* * * * *
T nscbe's No
es:
I
lc
ex
s deno
ed by _undescoes_.
Thee e m ny
ypog phc l egul 
es pesen
n
hs book.
The
wo mos
fequen
e supescp
ed ch  c
es, ndc
ed hee w
h
pecedng c 
(^) symbol, nd m cons.
Non-UTF-8 s
nd d m cons e ndc
ed w
h b cke
nd equ ls sgn. Fo
ex mple: n 'm' w
h m con ove 
ppe ng n
he ogn l
ex
s

 nscbed s [=m].

Mno obvous punc

u
on nd pn
e eos wee ep ed.
Evey effo
h s been m de
o eplc
e
hs
ex
s f 
hfully s
possble, ncludng obsole
e nd v  n
spellngs, nconss
en

hyphen
on, nd o
he nconss
ences.
Thee e m ny unusu l ch  c
es pesen
n
hs book. In
he
ex

veson,
hese ch  c
es e endeed usng
he Ds
bu
ed
Poofe des' s
nd d (fo ex mple, [=M] fo c p
l M w
h m con
(b ) ove 
).

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bu
ng
hs wok
(o ny o
he wok ssoc
ed n ny w y w
h
he ph se "Pojec

Gu
enbeg"), you gee
o comply w
h ll
he
ems of
he Full
Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m Lcense v l ble w
h
hs fle o onlne

www.gu
enbeg.og/lcense.
Sec
on 1. Gene l Tems of Use nd Reds
bu
ng Pojec

Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc woks
1.A. By e dng o usng ny p 
of
hs Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m
elec
onc wok, you ndc
e
h
you h ve e d, undes
nd, gee
o
nd ccep
ll
he
ems of
hs lcense nd n
ellec
u l pope
y
(
 dem k/copygh
) geemen
. If you do no
gee
o bde by ll

he
ems of
hs geemen
, you mus
ce se usng nd e
un o
des
oy ll copes of Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc woks n you
possesson. If you p d fee fo ob
nng copy of o ccess
o
Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc wok nd you do no
gee
o be bound
by
he
ems of
hs geemen
, you m y ob
n efund fom
he
peson o en

y
o whom you p d
he fee s se
fo
h n p  g ph
1.E.8.
1.B. "Pojec
Gu
enbeg" s egs
eed
 dem k. I
m y only be
used on o ssoc
ed n ny w y w
h n elec
onc wok by people who
gee
o be bound by
he
ems of
hs geemen
. Thee e few

hngs
h
you c n do w
h mos
Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc woks
even w
hou
complyng w
h
he full
ems of
hs geemen
. See
p  g ph 1.C below. Thee e lo
of
hngs you c n do w
h Pojec

Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc woks f you follow
he
ems of
hs
geemen
nd help peseve fee fu
ue ccess
o Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m
elec
onc woks. See p  g ph 1.E below.
1.C. The Pojec
Gu
enbeg L
e y Achve Found
on ("
he
Found
on" o PGLAF), owns compl
on copygh
n
he collec
on
of Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc woks. Ne ly ll
he ndvdu l
woks n
he collec
on e n
he publc dom n n
he Un
ed
S

es. If n ndvdu l wok s unpo
ec
ed by copygh
l w n
he
Un
ed S

es nd you e loc
ed n
he Un
ed S

es, we do no

cl m gh

o peven
you fom copyng, ds
bu
ng, pefomng,
dspl yng o ce
ng dev
ve woks b sed on
he wok s long s
ll efeences
o Pojec
Gu
enbeg e emoved. Of couse, we hope

h
you wll suppo

he Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m msson of pomo
ng
fee ccess
o elec
onc woks by feely sh ng Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m
woks n compl nce w
h
he
ems of
hs geemen
fo keepng
he
Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m n me ssoc
ed w
h
he wok. You c n e sly
comply w
h
he
ems of
hs geemen
by keepng
hs wok n
he
s me fom
w
h 
s

ched full Pojec

Gu
enbeg-
m Lcense when
you sh e 
w
hou
ch ge w
h o
hes.
1.D. The copygh
l ws of
he pl ce whee you e loc
ed lso goven
wh
you c n do w
h
hs wok. Copygh
l ws n mos
coun
es e
n cons
n
s

e of ch nge. If you e ou
sde
he Un
ed S

es,
check
he l ws of you coun
y n dd
on
o
he
ems of
hs
geemen
befoe downlo dng, copyng, dspl yng, pefomng,
ds
bu
ng o ce
ng dev
ve woks b sed on
hs wok o ny
o
he Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m wok. The Found
on m kes no
epesen

ons concenng
he copygh
s

us of ny wok n ny
coun
y ou
sde
he Un
ed S

es.
1.E. Unless you h ve emoved ll efeences
o Pojec
Gu
enbeg:
1.E.1. The followng sen
ence, w
h c
ve lnks
o, o o
he
mmed
e ccess
o,
he full Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m Lcense mus
ppe 
pomnen
ly wheneve ny copy of Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m wok ( ny wok
on whch
he ph se "Pojec
Gu
enbeg" ppe s, o w
h whch
he
ph se "Pojec
Gu
enbeg" s ssoc
ed) s ccessed, dspl yed,
pefomed, vewed, coped o ds
bu
ed:
Ths eBook s fo
he use of nyone nywhee n
he Un
ed S

es nd
mos
o
he p 
s of
he wold
no cos
nd w
h lmos
no
es
c
ons wh
soeve. You m y copy 
, gve 
w y o e-use 

unde
he
ems of
he Pojec
Gu
enbeg Lcense ncluded w
h
hs
eBook o onlne
www.gu
enbeg.og. If you e no
loc
ed n
he
Un
ed S

es, you'll h ve
o check
he l ws of
he coun
y whee you
e loc
ed befoe usng
hs ebook.

1.E.2. If n ndvdu l Pojec

Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc wok s
deved fom
ex
s no
po
ec
ed by U.S. copygh
l w (does no

con
n no
ce ndc
ng
h

s pos
ed w
h pemsson of
he
copygh
holde),
he wok c n be coped nd ds
bu
ed
o nyone n

he Un
ed S

es w
hou
p yng ny fees o ch ges. If you e
eds
bu
ng o povdng ccess
o wok w
h
he ph se "Pojec

Gu
enbeg" ssoc
ed w
h o ppe ng on
he wok, you mus
comply
e
he w
h
he equemen
s of p  g phs 1.E.1
hough 1.E.7 o
ob
n pemsson fo
he use of
he wok nd
he Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m

 dem k s se
fo
h n p  g phs 1.E.8 o 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If n ndvdu l Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc wok s pos
ed
w
h
he pemsson of
he copygh
holde, you use nd ds
bu
on
mus
comply w
h bo
h p  g phs 1.E.1
hough 1.E.7 nd ny
dd
on l
ems mposed by
he copygh
holde. Add
on l
ems
wll be lnked
o
he Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m Lcense fo ll woks
pos
ed w
h
he pemsson of
he copygh
holde found

he
begnnng of
hs wok.
1.E.4. Do no
unlnk o de
ch o emove
he full Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m
Lcense
ems fom
hs wok, o ny fles con
nng p 
of
hs
wok o ny o
he wok ssoc
ed w
h Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m.
1.E.5. Do no
copy, dspl y, pefom, ds
bu
e o eds
bu
e
hs
elec
onc wok, o ny p 
of
hs elec
onc wok, w
hou

pomnen
ly dspl yng
he sen
ence se
fo
h n p  g ph 1.E.1 w
h
c
ve lnks o mmed
e ccess
o
he full
ems of
he Pojec

Gu
enbeg-
m Lcense.
1.E.6. You m y conve

o nd ds
bu
e
hs wok n ny bn y,
compessed, m ked up, nonpope
y o pope
y fom, ncludng
ny wod pocessng o hype
ex
fom. Howeve, f you povde ccess

o o ds
bu
e copes of Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m wok n fom

o
he
h n "Pl n V nll ASCII" o o
he fom
used n
he offc l
veson pos
ed on
he offc l Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m web s
e
(www.gu
enbeg.og), you mus
,
no dd
on l cos
, fee o expense

o
he use, povde copy, me ns of expo
ng copy, o me ns
of ob
nng copy upon eques
, of
he wok n 
s ogn l "Pl n
V nll ASCII" o o
he fom. Any l
en
e fom
mus
nclude
he
full Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m Lcense s specfed n p  g ph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do no
ch ge fee fo ccess
o, vewng, dspl yng,
pefomng, copyng o ds
bu
ng ny Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m woks
unless you comply w
h p  g ph 1.E.8 o 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You m y ch ge e son ble fee fo copes of o povdng
ccess
o o ds
bu
ng Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc woks
povded
h

* You p y oy l
y fee of 20% of
he goss pof
s you deve fom

he use of Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m woks c lcul
ed usng
he me
hod
you le dy use
o c lcul
e you pplc ble
xes. The fee s owed

o
he owne of
he Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m
 dem k, bu
he h s
geed
o don
e oy l
es unde
hs p  g ph
o
he Pojec

Gu
enbeg L
e y Achve Found
on. Roy l
y p ymen
s mus
be p d
w
hn 60 d ys followng e ch d
e on whch you pep e (o e
leg lly equed
o pep e) you peodc
x e
uns. Roy l
y
p ymen
s should be cle ly m ked s such nd sen

o
he Pojec

Gu
enbeg L
e y Achve Found
on

he ddess specfed n
Sec
on 4, "Infom
on bou
don
ons
o
he Pojec
Gu
enbeg
L
e y Achve Found
on."
* You povde full efund of ny money p d by use who no
fes
you n w
ng (o by e-m l) w
hn 30 d ys of ecep

h
s/he
does no
gee
o
he
ems of
he full Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m
Lcense. You mus
eque such use
o e
un o des
oy ll
copes of
he woks possessed n physc l medum nd dscon
nue
ll use of nd ll ccess
o o
he copes of Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m
woks.
* You povde, n ccod nce w
h p  g ph 1.F.3, full efund of
 ny money p d fo wok o epl cemen
copy, f defec
n
he
elec
onc wok s dscoveed nd epo
ed
o you w
hn 90 d ys of
ecep
of
he wok.

* You comply w
h ll o
he
ems of
hs geemen
fo fee
ds
bu
on of Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m woks.
1.E.9. If you wsh
o ch ge fee o ds
bu
e Pojec

Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc wok o goup of woks on dffeen

ems
h n
e se
fo
h n
hs geemen
, you mus
ob
n pemsson n w
ng
fom bo
h
he Pojec
Gu
enbeg L
e y Achve Found
on nd The
Pojec
Gu
enbeg T dem k LLC,
he owne of
he Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m

 dem k. Con

c

he Found
on s se
fo
h n Sec
on 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Pojec
Gu
enbeg volun
ees nd employees expend consde ble
effo

o den
fy, do copygh
ese ch on,
 nscbe nd poofe d
woks no
po
ec
ed by U.S. copygh
l w n ce
ng
he Pojec

Gu
enbeg-
m collec
on. Desp
e
hese effo
s, Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m
elec
onc woks, nd
he medum on whch
hey m y be s
oed, m y
con
n "Defec
s," such s, bu
no
lm
ed
o, ncomple
e, n ccu
e
o coup
d
,
 nscp
on eos, copygh
o o
he
n
ellec
u l pope
y nfngemen
, defec
ve o d m ged dsk o
o
he medum, compu
e vus, o compu
e codes
h
d m ge o
c nno
be e d by you equpmen
.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Excep
fo
he "Rgh

of Repl cemen
o Refund" descbed n p  g ph 1.F.3,
he Pojec

Gu
enbeg L
e y Achve Found
on,
he owne of
he Pojec

Gu
enbeg-
m
 dem k, nd ny o
he p 
y ds
bu
ng Pojec

Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc wok unde
hs geemen
, dscl m ll
l bl
y
o you fo d m ges, cos
s nd expenses, ncludng leg l
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you dscove
defec
n
hs elec
onc wok w
hn 90 d ys of ecevng 
, you c n
eceve efund of
he money (f ny) you p d fo 
by sendng
w

en expl n
on
o
he peson you eceved
he wok fom. If you
eceved
he wok on physc l medum, you mus
e
un
he medum
w
h you w

en expl n
on. The peson o en

y
h
povded you
w
h
he defec
ve wok m y elec

o povde epl cemen
copy n
leu of efund. If you eceved
he wok elec
onc lly,
he peson
o en

y povdng 

o you m y choose
o gve you second
oppo
un
y
o eceve
he wok elec
onc lly n leu of efund. If

he second copy s lso defec

ve, you m y dem nd efund n w
ng
w
hou
fu
he oppo
un
es
o fx
he poblem.
1.F.4. Excep
fo
he lm
ed gh
of epl cemen
o efund se
fo
h
n p  g ph 1.F.3,
hs wok s povded
o you 'AS-IS', WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some s

es do no
llow dscl mes of ce
n mpled
w  n
es o
he excluson o lm

on of ce
n
ypes of
d m ges. If ny dscl me o lm

on se
fo
h n
hs geemen

vol
es
he l w of
he s

e pplc ble
o
hs geemen
,
he
geemen
sh ll be n
epe
ed
o m ke
he m xmum dscl me o
lm

on pem

ed by
he pplc ble s

e l w. The nv ld
y o
unenfoce bl
y of ny povson of
hs geemen
sh ll no
vod
he
em nng povsons.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You gee

o ndemnfy nd hold
he Found
on,
he

 dem k owne, ny gen

o employee of
he Found
on, nyone
povdng copes of Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc woks n
ccod nce w
h
hs geemen
, nd ny volun
ees ssoc
ed w
h
he
poduc
on, pomo
on nd ds
bu
on of Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m
elec
onc woks, h mless fom ll l bl
y, cos
s nd expenses,
ncludng leg l fees,
h
se dec
ly o ndec
ly fom ny of

he followng whch you do o c use

o occu: ( ) ds
bu
on of
hs
o ny Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m wok, (b) l
e
on, modfc
on, o
dd
ons o dele
ons
o ny Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m wok, nd (c) ny
Defec
you c use.
Sec
on 2. Infom
on bou

he Msson of Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m
Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m s synonymous w
h
he fee ds
bu
on of
elec
onc woks n fom
s e d ble by
he wdes
v e
y of
compu
es ncludng obsole
e, old, mddle- ged nd new compu
es. I

exs
s bec use of
he effo
s of hundeds of volun
ees nd don
ons
fom people n ll w lks of lfe.
Volun
ees nd fn nc l suppo

o povde volun
ees w
h
he
sss
nce
hey need e c
c l
o e chng Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m's
go ls nd ensung
h

he Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m collec
on wll
em n feely v l ble fo gene
ons
o come. In 2001,
he Pojec

Gu
enbeg L
e y Achve Found
on w s ce
ed
o povde secue
nd pem nen
fu
ue fo Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m nd fu
ue
gene
ons. To le n moe bou

he Pojec
Gu
enbeg L
e y
Achve Found
on nd how you effo
s nd don
ons c n help, see
Sec
ons 3 nd 4 nd
he Found
on nfom
on p ge

www.gu
enbeg.og

Sec
on 3. Infom
on bou

he Pojec
Gu
enbeg L
e y Achve Found
on
The Pojec
Gu
enbeg L
e y Achve Found
on s non pof

501(c)(3) educ
on l copo
on og nzed unde
he l ws of
he
s

e of Msssspp nd g n
ed
x exemp
s

us by
he In
en l
Revenue Sevce. The Found
on's EIN o fede l
x den
fc
on
numbe s 64-6221541. Con
bu
ons
o
he Pojec
Gu
enbeg L
e y
Achve Found
on e
x deduc
ble
o
he full ex
en
pem

ed by
U.S. fede l l ws nd you s

e's l ws.
The Found
on's pncp l offce s n F b nks, Al sk , w
h
he
m lng ddess: PO Box 750175, F b nks, AK 99775, bu

s
volun
ees nd employees e sc

eed
houghou
numeous
loc
ons. I
s busness offce s loc
ed
809 No
h 1500 Wes
, S l

L ke C
y, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Em l con
c
lnks nd up
o
d
e con
c
nfom
on c n be found

he Found
on's web s
e nd
offc l p ge
www.gu
enbeg.og/con
c

Fo dd
on l con
c
nfom
on:
 D. Gegoy B. Newby
Chef Execu
ve nd Dec
o
gbnewby@pgl f.og
Sec
on 4. Infom
on bou
Don
ons
o
he Pojec
Gu
enbeg
L
e y Achve Found
on
Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m depends upon nd c nno
suvve w
hou
wde
spe d publc suppo
nd don
ons
o c y ou

s msson of
nce sng
he numbe of publc dom n nd lcensed woks
h
c n be
feely ds
bu
ed n m chne e d ble fom ccessble by
he wdes

 y of equpmen
ncludng ou
d
ed equpmen
. M ny sm ll don
ons
($1
o $5,000) e p 
cul ly mpo
n

o m n
nng
x exemp

s

us w
h
he IRS.
The Found
on s comm

ed
o complyng w
h
he l ws egul
ng
ch 
es nd ch 
ble don
ons n ll 50 s

es of
he Un
ed
S

es. Compl nce equemen
s e no
unfom nd 

kes
consde ble effo
, much p pewok nd m ny fees
o mee
nd keep up
w
h
hese equemen
s. We do no
solc
don
ons n loc
ons
whee we h ve no
eceved w

en confm
on of compl nce. To SEND
DONATIONS o de
emne
he s

us of compl nce fo ny p 
cul 
s

e vs
www.gu
enbeg.og/don
e
Whle we c nno
nd do no
solc
con
bu
ons fom s

es whee we
h ve no
me

he solc

on equemen
s, we know of no pohb
on
g ns
ccep
ng unsolc
ed don
ons fom donos n such s

es who
ppo ch us w
h offes
o don
e.
In
en
on l don
ons e g
efully ccep
ed, bu
we c nno
m ke
ny s

emen
s concenng
x
e
men
of don
ons eceved fom
ou
sde
he Un
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es. U.S. l ws lone sw mp ou sm ll s
ff.
Ple se check
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enbeg Web p ges fo cuen
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hods nd ddesses. Don
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he
w ys ncludng checks, onlne p ymen
s nd ced
c d don
ons. To
don
e, ple se vs
: www.gu
enbeg.og/don
e
Sec
on 5. Gene l Infom
on Abou
Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m elec
onc woks.
Pofesso Mch el S. H 
w s
he ogn
o of
he Pojec

Gu
enbeg-
m concep
of lb y of elec
onc woks
h
could be
feely sh ed w
h nyone. Fo fo
y ye s, he poduced nd
ds
bu
ed Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m eBooks w
h only loose ne
wok of
volun
ee suppo
.
Pojec
Gu
enbeg-
m eBooks e of
en ce
ed fom seve l pn
ed
ed
ons, ll of whch e confmed s no
po
ec
ed by copygh
n

he U.S. unless copygh

no
ce s ncluded. Thus, we do no

necess ly keep eBooks n compl nce w

h ny p 
cul  p pe
ed
on.
Mos
people s


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