30.

1Salivarysecretion:(i)parotid(ii)submandibular(iii)sublingualglands
Salivacontains:(i)serous:amylase(ii)mucous:mucin

30.2Deglutition
Swallowingreflexisinitiatedbystimulationofpressurereceptors
Swallowingcentre:medullaoblongata,pons

Oralphase transferfoodstolarynx

Pharyngealphase softpalateelevated,glottisclosed,respirationinhibited,epiglottiscover
glottis

Esophagealphase peristalticwavelengthsmovefoodstowardsstomach

30.3
Gastricmixing&grinding
Antrum
Strongantralcontractions(retropulsionagainstaclosedpylorus)
Gastricemptyingofchyme
Strongperistalticcontraction

Gastricsecretion:
Cephalicphase
Gastricphase*:vagovagalreflex
Intestinalphase

Celltypes Gastricmucosa

Surfaceepithelialcells Mucus&Bicarbonate
protectsepitheliumfrominjuredbygastricjuice

Chief(Peptic)cells Pepsinogenspepsin
digestprotein

Oxyntic(Parietal)cells HCl
convertspepsinogentoactivepepsin
()blockingtheprotonpump
Control:
(+)
Paracrine:Histamine
 Vagalstimulation:AChactsonmuscarinicreceptors
Hormone:Gastrin
()
Somatostatin

Intrinsicfactor
absorptionofVitB12

ECLcells Histamine
stimulateHClsecretion

Gcells Gastrin
HCl&pepsinogensecretion

30.4Smallintestine:digestion&absorptionofcarbohydrates,proteins&fats

30.5Pancreaticexocrinesecretion
Acinarcells:enzymes,proteases
digestionofprotein,carbohydrates&fats
Trypsin# proteins

Lipase fats

Amylase polysaccharides
#activatedbyenterokinaseintheintestinalbrushborder

Epithelialcellsofpancreaticducts:bicarbonate
neutralizingacidicchymeinstomach
toprovideoptimalpHforenzymeaction

Cephalicphase

Gastricphase

Intestinalphase* Scellssecretinbicarbonateions
IcellsCCKpancreaticenzymes

30.6Biliarysecretion:
Bilesaltssecretedbyhepatocytes
 Thenstoredandconcentratedingallbladder
GallbladdercontractsandsecretedintoduodenumbyCCKduringmeal