Engineering

Management
Engr. Amorsolo T. Chua
Management
Is the process of setting and achieving objectives through the
execution of the basic management functions that utilize
human, financial and material resources.

To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to

coordinate and to control.
-FAYOL (1916)

Management is a social process the process consist of

planning, control, coordination and motivation.
-E.F.L BRECH (1957)
Organization

Is a group of two or more persons that exists and operates to

achieve clearly stated, commonly held objectives. Objectives
are goals- targets to shoot for, states of being or places to be
reached through plans and, finally, actions.
Managers
Engineers as Manager, those in positions of authority who
make decisions to commit their resources and the resources
of others toward the achievement of the objectives of an
organization.

Management and Managers make conscious decisions to set

and achieve objectives. Decision making is a critical part of all
management activities.

Management is getting things done and the objectives

achieved through people.
Financial, Human and Material
Resources of Management

Money
-The financial resource of an organization which
is its base and foundation.

Manpower
-The human resource of an organization through
which things are done or objectives are achieved.
Financial, Human and Material
Resources of Management

Materials
-Those resources utilized by people to do things
and to achieve the objectives of the organization.

Machines
-Those resources that help facilitate to perform all
activities toward the achievement of the objectives.
Levels of Management

THE TOP MANAGEMENT

- It consists of the organization's most important

manager, The Chief Executive Officer or the President and/or
Chairman of the Board, his immediate subordinates; The
Executive Vice-President, The Senior Vice President and the
Vice Presidents. Top Management is responsible for the
overall management of the organization. It establishes
organizational or company-wide objectives and operating
standards and policies; and it directs the organization in
relationships with its environment.
Levels of Management

THE MIDDLE MANAGEMENT

-Middle Managers are managers below the rank of

Vice-President but above the Supervisory level and their
subordinates are other managers below. They are
responsible for implementing top management policies.
Levels of Management

THE FIRST-LINE OR SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT

-First-line managers or supervisors, those at the

operating level, are the lowest level of management. Their
subordinates are the workers, the group upon which
management depends for the execution of their plans. They
are the ones in direct control of the workers.
MANAGEMENT SKILLS

As a manager plans, organizes, directs, supervises and

controls in his or her management job, he or she must have
mastery of three basic skills. The skills needed by all
managers are TECHNICAL, HUMAN, and CONCEPTUAL.
MANAGEMENT SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILL

-The knowledge of and ability to use processes,

practices, techniques, or tools of a specialty responsibility
area.
MANAGEMENT SKILLS

HUMAN SKILL

-The ability to interact with other persons successfully.

The proper execution of one's human skills is referred as
HUMAN RELATIONSHIP.
MANAGEMENT SKILLS

CONCEPTUAL SKILL

-It deals with bright ideas and abstract relationships.

In addition, conceptual skill is the ability to imagine the
integration and coordination of all the segments of the entire
organization, all its processes, standards and systems in
order that managers are capable of planning wisely
especially long-range planning.
Functions of Management
Functions of Management
PLANNING

-Planning involves choosing tasks that must be

performed to attain organizational goals, outline how the
task must be performed and indicating when they should be
performed.
Functions of Management
Elements of Planning
Establishing objectives
Establishing procedure
Decision making
Forecasting
Scheduling
Budgeting
Functions of Management
Organizing

-Organizing can be thought as assigning the tasks

developed under the planning function to various individual
or groups within the organization.
Functions of Management
Elements of Organizing

Selecting people
Delegation
Establishing working relationships
Functions of Management
INFLUENCING

-Influencing is another basic function within the

management process. This function is also commonly
referred to as leading, directing, or actuating- is concerned
primarily with people within organizations.
Functions of Management
Functions of Influencing

Communication
Motivating people
Developing people
Functions of Management
CONTROLLING

- Controlling is an on-going process. Managers

continually gather information, make their comparisons,
and then try to find new ways of improving production
through organizational modification.
Functions of Management
Elements of Controlling

Establishing performance standard

Measuring performance
Evaluating performance
Correcting performance
EFFECTIVENESS and EFFICIENCY
EFFECTIVENESS is doing the right thing which means that a
manager has the responsibility for selecting the right objective
and the appropriate means for achieving that objective.
EFFICIENCY is measuring the cost of attaining a given objective
and is concerned with how resources (money, manpower,
materials and machines) are used to get the desired results. If
the minimum cost is spent to obtain the desired objective, the
manager is said to be efficient.
Business Organization
Types of Business Organizations
Single Proprietorship
Type of ownership in business where
individuals exercise and enjoy rights in their own
interest.
Types of Business Organizations
Partnership
- An association of two or more individuals
for the purpose of operating a business as co-
owners of a profit.
Types of Business Organizations
Corporation
- Is an artificial being created by operation of
law, having the right of succession and the
powers, attributes, and properties expressly
authorized by law or incident to its existence.

An association of not less than 5 but not more

than 15, all legal age.
Types of Corporation

Private Corporation
those formed for some private
purpose or benefits.
Types of Corporation

Public Corporation
those formed or organized for the
government.
Types of Corporation

Semi-public Corporation
those formed that is partly
government and partly a private
individual.
Types of Corporation

Quasi-public Corporation
those formed for public utilities and
contracts, involving public duties but which
are organized for profit.
Types of Corporation

Nonprofit Corporation
those formed for community service
and religious activities, but organized for
non-profit.
Four Classes of persons
composing Corporation

Corporators are those whose compose the

corporation.

Incorporators those corporators originally

(5-15) forming and composing the
corporation.
Stockholders owners of shares of stock.

Members corporators of corporation who

has no capital stock.
Stock certificate of owners or corporation.

a. Common Stock
b. Preferred Stock
AIRPORT
Airport

A location where aircraft such as fixed-

wing aircraft, helicopters, and blimps
take off and land.
 Aircraft may be stored or
maintained at an airport.
An airport consists of atleast one
surface such as:
Runway
Helipad
Water
 The terms aerodrome, airfield, and airstrip may
also be used to refer to airports, and the terms
heliport, seaplane base, and STOLport refer to
airports dedicated exclusively to helicopters,
seaplanes, or short take-off and landing aircraft.
Assignment
CAAP SYSTEM:
International Airport

Principal Airport (Domestic Airport)

Class 1 Principal Airport
Class 2 Principal Airport

Community Airport
International Airport
Principal Airport
COMMUNITY AIRPORT
COMMUNITY AIRPORT
Are airports that are used primarily for general aviation.

Most feeder airports are in this category and only three

airports: Cauayan Airport, Labo Airport in Ozamiz City and San
Fernando Airport in La Union, all former secondary airports,
have regular air service.
10 Extreme Airports
1. Princess Juliana Airport, Saint Martin
2.) Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport, Saba Island
3.) Madeira Airport, Madeira Island
- surrounded by ocean from the one side and high
mountains from another.
4. Lukla Airport, Nepal
5. Courchevel Airport, France
6. Barra Airport, Barra
- At high tide these runways are under the sea
7. Ice Runway, Antartica
8. Gibraltar Airport, Gibraltar
9. Toncontn International Airport, Honduras
10. Gustaf III (St Bart) Airport, Saint Barthlemy
PARTS OF AN AIRPORT
Runway
Taxiway
Apron
RUNWAY
A run way is the area where an aircraft lands or takes off.

It can be grass, or packed dirt, or a hard surface such as

asphalt or concrete.

Runways have special markings on them to help a pilot in the

air to tell that it is a runway.

Runway markings are white.

TAXIWAY
Taxiways are areas used by the aircraft to get to and from their
parking place and the runway.

Taxiways look a lot like runways, but they usually aren't as

wide as the runway.

Taxiway markings are yellow.

APRON
Aircraft aprons are the areas where the aircraft park.

Aprons are also sometimes called ramps.

Unlike the runways or taxiways, vehicles can use aprons.

Busiest Airport
1.) HartsfieldJackson Atlanta International Airport, ATL
2.) Los Angeles International Airport, LAX
3.) Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, DFW
Top 1 airport in the world

Singapore Changi Airport, SIN

Parts of an Airport
RUNWAY MARKINGS
Runway Markings
Runway Nomenclature
Runway Sections
Types of Runway Marking
Runway Designators
Runway Centerlines
Runway Threshold Markings
Runway Lighting
RUNWAY NOMENCLATURE
TORA: Take off Run Available
The length of runway declared available and suitable
for the ground run of an airplane taking off.

TODA: Take off Distance Available

-The length of the take off run available plus the length of
the clearway, if clearway is provided.

ASDA: Accelerate-Stop Distance Available

-The length of the take off run available plus the length of
the stop way, if stop way is provided.
 LDA: Landing Distance Available
-The length of runway which is declared available and
suitable for the ground run of an airplane landing.

EDA: Emergency Distance Available

-LDA (or TORA) plus a stop way.
RUNWAY SECTIONS
Runway Safety Area
-is the cleared, smoothed and graded area around the
paved runway . It is kept free from any obstacles that might
impede flight or ground roll of aircraft.

Runway
- is the surface from threshold to threshold, which
typically features threshold markings, numbers, centerlines, but
not overrun areas at both ends.
 Blast pads
-Also known as overrun areas or stopways

-are often constructed just before the start of a runway

where jetblast produced by large planes during the take
off roll could otherwise erode the ground and eventually
damage the runway.
 Displaced thresholds
-may be used for taxiing, takeoff, and landing rollout, but
not for touchdown.

- A displaced threshold often exists because obstacles

just before the runway, or noise restrictions may make the
beginning section of runway unsuitable for landings.
TYPES OF RUNWAY MARKINGS
Visual Runway Markings

Non-precision Instrument Runway Markings

Precision Instrument Runway Markings

VISUAL
Visual runways are intended solely for aircraft operation using
visual approach procedures.

Usually, they are used at small airstrips and are usually just a
strip of grass, gravel, asphalt or concrete.

Although there are usually no markings on a visual runway,

they may have threshold markings, designators, and
centerlines.
VISUAL
Additionally, they do not provide an instrument-based landing
procedure ; pilots must be able to see the runway to use it.
NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT
Non precision instrument runways are those having an
instrument approach procedure using air navigation facilities
with only horizontal guidance.

They are often used at small to medium size airports.

These runways, depending on the surface, may be marked

with threshold markings, designators, centerlines, and
sometimes a 1,000ft(305m) mark (known as an aiming point,
sometimes installed at1,500ft (457m)).
 They provide horizontal position guidance to planes on
instrument approach via Non-directional beacon(NDB), VHF
omni directional range(VOR),Global Positioning System,etc.
PRECISION INSTRUMENT
Precision instrument runways are those having an instrument
approach procedure using a precision instrument landing
system (e.g.ILS) or precision approach radar (PAR) that provide
both horizontal and vertical guidance to the runway.

They are found at medium and large size airports. Precision

runways provide both horizontal and vertical guidance for
instrument approaches.
RUNWAY DESIGNATORS
They identify the name of the runway by the runways
orientation. The runway number is the whole number nearest
one-tenth the magnetic azimuth of the center line of the
runway, measured clockwise from magnetic north.

The letters differentiate among left (L), right(R), or center (C)

for parallel runways, as applicable.
RUNWAY CENTERLINES
They identify the center of the runway and provide alignment
guidance during take off and landings.

The center line consists of a line of uniformly spaced stripes

and gaps.
RUNWAY THRESHOLD MARKINGS
They help to identify the beginning of the runway that is
available for landing.

Runway threshold markings come in two configurations. They

either consist of eight longitudinal stripes of uniform
dimension disposed symmetrically about the runway center
line or the number of stripes is related to the width of the
runway.