SPE 72122
Prediction of IPR Curve of Oil Wells in Visco-Elastic
Polymer Solution Flooding Reservoirs
Xia Huifen, SPE, Daqing Petroleum Institute, Yue XiangAn, SPE, Petroleum University, Beijing, Wang Dexi, Li Qun, SPE
and Zhang Xuebin, Daqing Oil Field Company
Copyright 2001, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.
This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Asia Pacific Improved Oil Recovery
Conference held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 89 October 2001.
This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of
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Abstract
When developing water-flooding reservoirs, oil and water are
regarded as Newtonian fluids in the study of inflow
performance relationship of oil wells. But for polymer-
flooding reservoirs, prediction of inflow performance
relationship of oil wells must consider non-Newtonian
behavior of the polymer solution. Based on present papers,
descriptions about the flow behavior of non-Newtonian fluid
in porous media are mainly concentrated on power-law fluids.
These studies do not consider the variation of rheological
parameters along seepage flow direction and also elastic effect
of polymer solution, therefore these models or results can not
be used to characterize the seepage behavior of polymer
solution in porous media and predict the inflow performance
relationship of oil wells in polymer flooding reservoirs.
Analysis of the samples from oil wells in polymer flooding
reservoirs shows that polymer solution produced still appears
visco-elastic effect even at a lower concentration of the
polymer solution. In this paper, according to a great quantity
of experiment data on core displacement and rheological
property, a model about the variation of rheological
parameters along the seepage flow direction is developed. A
constitutive equation for visco-elastic fluid is constructed, in
which the variation of the rheological parameters of polymer
solutions in porous media is taken into account. A formula of
critical elastic flow velocity is presented. Using the
constitutive equation proposed in this paper, the seepage flow
behavior of visco-elastic fluid with variable rheological
parameters is investigated. A model for calculating IPR of oil
well in polymer flooding is developed, in which variation of
in-situ fluid rheological parameter, visco-elastic effect,
formation damage near the wellbore, decrease in formation
permeability and other factors are considered. This model is
solved using finite difference method and IPR curves and
pressure distributions are predicted. Some factors affecting
inflow performance are analyzed. With this model, inflow
performance relationship of two oil wells in polymer-flooding
reservoir in Daqing oil field is calculated. The prediction
result is coincident with the flow-after-flow data, the average
relative error is less than 10%.
According to the predicted IPR results, the pumping
equipment and working parameters can be optimized. It is of
great significance for designing a reasonable working system
for oil wells in polymer-flooding reservoir.
Introduction
For water flooding oilfields, oil, water and their mixture in
porous media are regarded as Newtonian fluid in research of
inflow performance relationship. It basically meets the needs
of oilfield development by water flooding reservoir. For
polymer flooding reservoirs, polymer solution is a typical non-
Newtonian fluid that has elastic characteristic as well as non-
Newtonian viscosity. Therefore, it is unsuitable to investigate
the IPR of oil well in polymer flooding reservoirs with
Newtonian fluid mode. Its non-Newtonian characteristic, that
is, visco-elastic behavior, must be considered in calculating
inflow performance relation of oil well in polymer flooding
reservoir.
In many simulation works on polymer flooding reservoir,
it is supposed that polymer solution is a Newtonian fluid or a
power-law fluid[4-5]. But lots of studies indicate that polymer
solution exhibits stronger elastic effect when it flows through
complicated porous media[1-3]. The in-suit fluid in polymer
flooding reservoir is more complicated than that in water
flooding reservoir due to the degradation, dilution, adsorption
and retention.
In order to determine the viscous-elastic rheological
property of polymer solution, many researchers made deep
and systematic studies on rheological parameters of polymer
solution from the point of conformation rheology and some
models are set up[1-3,6,7]. Later, the viscous-elastic effect of
polymer solution in porous media is studied. Mashall &
2 XIA HUIFEN, YUE XIANGAN, WANG DEXI, LI QUN, AND ZHANG XUEBIN
Metzner[8]1967suggested that the visco-elastic effect was
characterized by dimensionless Deborah number De, and a
relation between De, filling bed conformation and property
parameter of fluid was given. Other workers such as Hass,
Durst[9] et.al also presented several semi-experiential
equations about Deborah number De. All of these equations
were obtained at specific experimental conditions and not
suitable for other conditions. R. H. Hester [7] concludes that
the tensile strain inside the porous media made up of uniform
spherical grains is independent of the size of grains and the
flow rate of polymer solution through the porous media. This
conclusion indicates that tensile time is smaller at larger
tensile rate, and vice versa. Lehrstuhl fr Strmungsmechanik
et.al.[10] 1994 studied the flow of polymer solution in
porous media and concluded that the increase in viscosity of
polymer solution in porous media is resulted from the
extension of polymer molecular and the increase in flowing
resistance of polymer solution in porous media can be
described by drag coefficient. Xianqin Han[11-13] et al. define a
visco-elastic effect factor of polymer molecular retained in
porous media and the factor is analyzed by core displacement
experiment of low speed pressure drop and pressure build up.
Though the aforementioned models combine porous media
parameters with fluid property parameters and also are
effective to explain the resistance characteristic of polymer
solution through porous media, perfect seepage flow model
still cannot be established. In addition, the aforementioned
models do not take into account the change of rheological
parameters along the seepage flow direction. Therefore they
cannot be used to describe the change of rheological behavior
of visco-elastic polymer solution flowing through the porous
media and can not be used to predict the inflow performance
relationship of oil wells in polymer flooding reservoirs.
Based on experiment data and theory analysis of seepage
flow, a constitutive equation is developed which is able to
fully demonstrate the elastic effect and the change of
rheological behavior of polymer solution flowing through the
porous media. Using the constitutive equation presented in this
paper, the seepage flow behavior of the visco-elastic fluid
whose rheological parameters vary in non-linear relation can
be well studied. A model of inflow performance relationship is
constructed. It involves many factors such as variation of
rheological parameters, visco-elastic effect, damage near
wellbore and permeability reduction, etc.. The IPR model is
solved using finite difference method and IPR curves and
pressure distribution curves are given. Some factors that affect
inflow performance relationship are analyzed. The results
provide a reliable scientific basis for optimum selecting and
adjusting pumping unit, pumping rod and suction pump and
their working parameters for oil wells in polymer flooding
reservoirs and can be used to evaluate the productivity of oil
wells accurately.
SPE 72122
Visco-elastic behavior of HPAM solution flowing
through porous media
Constitution equation of polymer solution with visco-
elastic behavior in porous media
It is shown that polymer solution used for oil displacement
exhibits both viscous and elastic behavior. Polymer solution
appears stronger visco-elastic effect when flowing through
porous media. Due to adsorption, retention, degradation and
dilution of polymer solution, rheological behavior of polymer
solution through porous media varies sharply along the
seepage flow direction. This conclusion has been proven by oil
field test and a lot of lab experiment[2-3,15-16] .
The seepage flow curve of polymer solution, namely the
curve between pressure and flow rate, is approximately linear
at medium shear rate and corresponding apparent viscosity
decreases with the increase in shear rate. The change can be
described using power-law model
v = H! n1 1
Where v is viscous viscosity, H , n is consistency
coefficient and power-law exponent respectively, n 1, ! is
shear rate.
When shear rate exceeds certain value, corresponding
apparent viscosity increases with the increase in shear rate or
flow rate. Studies show that apparent viscosity of HPAM
solution in porous media is composed of shear viscosity that
describes viscous effect and elastic viscosity that describes the
tensile effect.
a = v + e 2
Where, viscous viscosity follows a rule of power-law model.
When polymer solution flows through a narrow and
tortuous path in porous media, especially when passing
flowing from a larger path to a small path (Fig.1), polymer
molecular will be elongated, flow section contracts naturally
and thus the solution passes through the flowing path. As a
result, streamline is not parallel, a cone-shaped streamline
boundary can be formed and this streamline boundary is
referred to as constriction streamline.
Supposing the schematic map of boundary streamline is as
Fig.1(b). The radius is R at z=0, the shear stress, the shear rate
and the apparent viscosity at wall surface is ( 12 ) w , ! w and
a respectively, and at other position of flow section, v , !
and v is shear stress, shear rate and shear viscosity
respectively and e , ! and e is tensile stress, tensile rate
and tensile viscosity respectively. Supposing the viscous
behavior of polymer solution follows power-law rule and the
tensile viscosity is independent of deformation rate. Then for
any section of radius r, the shear rate at the r is shown as
Equation (3)
3n + 1 4Q
! = 3
4n r 3
This equation is also suitable for calculating the shear rate at
convergence boundary. Where n is power-law exponent, Q
SPE 72122 PREDICTION OF IPR CURVE OF OIL WELLS IN VISCO-ELASTIC POLYMER SOLUTION FLOODING RESERVOIRS 3

is volumetric flow rate, and ! is tensile rate, which is defined Using this equation, viscosity describing the visco-elastic
as the gradient of average velocity v at z direction, its polymer solution through porous media can be estimated.
equation is following as Fig.2 and Fig.3 give three viscosity curves. They are the
apparent viscosity calculated from pressure drop curve, and
dv d (Q / r 2 )
! = = the shear viscosity calculated from power-law constitutive
dz dz 4 equation and the visco-elastic viscosity estimated from
1 4n dr equation (13). From these figures, it is indicated that the
= ! apparent viscosity decreases with the increase in equilibrium
2 3n + 1 dz
shear rate at a low shear rate and the change follows power-
Now considering a differential fluid unit at any position z. law rule, and increases with the increase in equilibrium shear
Its thickness is dz and its radius is r. Under external force, the rate at a high shear rate and the change does not follow power-
fluid overcomes flowing drag forces and moves forward. The law rule. In these two figures, the viscosity calculated from
flowing drag forces include viscous friction drag force and equation (13) is shown as a black line. It can be seen that the
tensile drag force. So the equation of forces can be set up as calculated viscosity is coincident with the real apparent
Equation (5). viscosity of polymer solution through porous media. This
r 2 dp = v 2rdz + e d (r 2 ) 5 proves that the constitutive equation developed in this paper is
It can be rearranged as Equation (6) accurate and can reflect the seepage behavior of polymer
2 v ! dz 2 e ! dr solution in porous media. This also demonstrates the existence
dp = + 6 of the visco-elastic effect for polymer solution through porous
r r media from another point.
Based on minimum energy principle, that is, the fluid
always flow along the direction of minimum pressure drop Critical elastic velocity
substituting equation (4) into equation (6) and combining Fig.2 and Fig.3 show that the apparent viscosity curve of
equation (4), tensile rate can be derived. polymer solution through porous media has an extreme point
0.5 0.5
1 4n 2 effc , v c , when seepage velocity is less then vc , that is,
! = ! v 7
2 3n + 1 v v c , viscous behavior dominates the flow process, elastic
e
For visco-elastic polymer solution, there is [1] effect is negligible and the rheological behavior can be
expressed by power-law model describing the rheological
1 11 22
f = 8 behavior of pseudo-plastic fluid. When seepage flow is larger
! 2 12 than v c , that is, v v c , elastic effect increases and its effect
Substituting equation (7) into equation (8) and rearranging the on seepage flow behavior can not be neglected. Here, v c is
equation as follows
defined as critical elastic viscosity.
e = 2! f v 9
Differentiate equation (11), there is
In addition,
= v + (BD v )
eff
4v v
! = =A 10 f
k R = v + B v v + BD v 14
R
8 2 v
Where, A = , substitute this equation into equation = 2 BD v + (1 + BD 2 ) v
v
(9) and obtain And because
f v v'
e = 2 A v = BD v 11 v' = ( H! n 1 ) ' = v (n 1) 15
v
R
Substitute (15) into (14), there is
Where B is a parameter that depends on the configuration of
porous media and has the same quantity level, B = 2 A . D is a v
= v
eff (2 BD + (1 + BD)(n 1) ) 16
dimensionless parameter that depends on property of porous v
media and seepage flow fluid and its expression is as follows Let = 0 , Equation (17) can be derived,
eff
fv 2 BD + (1 + BD)(n 1) = 0 17
D= 12
R Solve equation (17), there is
Therefore the constitutive equation of polymer solution 1 n R
flowing through porous media is vc = 18
eff = v + BD v = (1 + BD) v 13
B f
4 XIA HUIFEN, YUE XIANGAN, WANG DEXI, LI QUN, AND ZHANG XUEBIN SPE 72122

This equation is the expression of critical elastic velocity of vo

polymer solution through porous media. Substituting vc into
! o = C
K (r ) K ro S o
(10), the corresponding equivalent critical elastic shear rate 21
can be obtained. vw
! w = C
By analyzing equation (18) and equation (12), the K (r ) K rw S w
following point of view can be obtained. That is, during the
process of seepage flow, critical elastic flow velocity depends Where K ro , K rw are relative permeability of oil and polymer
on power-law exponent and relaxation time of fluid and the aqueous solution respectively, S o , S w are saturation of oil
permeability, porosity and tortuousity of reservoir. It makes a and water respectively and C is a constant depending on the
comprehensive reflection the property of fluid and porous connectivity and tortuousity of porous media.
media. If the elasticity of fluid is larger, the path of flowing
fluid is more tortuous and the porous media is more Change of rheological parameter
heterogeneous, then the critical elastic velocity is smaller. Based on a lot of experiment data, the law of change of
rheological parameter along flow direction is as follows.[2]
Other models needed in developing the equation of (1
r
)
inflow performance relationship H (r ) = H 0 e 2re

22
Model of permeability reduction r
n(r ) = n0 + (1 )
When polymer solution with visco-elastic behavior flows 2re
through porous media, a main reason for permeability
reduction is retention of polymer molecular in porous media. Where, H 0 , n0 is consistency coefficient and power-law
Retention will result in not only the loss of polymer index of the injected fluid respectively, H ( r ), n( r ) is
concentration, but also the decrease of mobility control. In consistency coefficient and power-law index of fluid at
addition, retention will also cause the change of the original position r respectively, r is the distance from
performance of polymer solution (such as concentration, production well, 2re is well spacing and , is
viscosity, resistance factor, etc.) and the property of porous
media. The retention of polymer solution in porous media constant. Which can be determined based on the
includes adsorption and mechanical capture. So the rheological parameter of injection well and production
permeability to polymer solution is as follows.[3] well.
Kw
Kp = (19) IPR Prediction for oil well in visco-elastic polymer
RK flooding reservoir
Where K p is permeability to polymer solution, K w is water
Basic differential equation
permeability and RK is permeability reduction factor.
1. Continuity equation
Model describing the formation damage near wellbore ( o S o )
It has been proven that formation damage can be resulted from .( o v o ) =
the high flow rate and oil-water emulsion near wellbore. In t
23
addition, colloids of polymer solution can also damage the ( w S w )
porous media. These damages cause the decrease of the
.( w v w ) =
t
permeability of formation near wellbore and affect the IPR of
oil well significantly. The change of permeability near 2. Motion equation
wellbore can be regard as a result of damage. The basic model K (r ) K ro p o p
is as follows vo = = o o
1 o r r
S 24
K (r ) = K p 1 +
r rs K (r ) K rw p w p
ln(rS /rw ) (20) vw = = w w
aw r r
K (r ) = K p r > rs
If capillary effect is neglected, then p0=pw=p. o is viscosity
Where S is a skin factor, K (r ) is permeability at position r,
of crude oil containing gas, aw is viscosity of polymer
rw is radius of wellbore, and rs is damage radius.
solution and v is shear viscosity.
The shear rate of polymer and oil at two phase flowing
The effective shear rate of polymer and oil flowing through
porous media is as follows.
SPE 72122 PREDICTION OF IPR CURVE OF OIL WELLS IN VISCO-ELASTIC POLYMER SOLUTION FLOODING RESERVOIRS 5

o = a on b p (re , t ) = ps 30
Inner boundary condition
v = H (r )! w n ( r ) 1
dp (r ) qB
aw = v (1 + BD) = aw w
dr r = rw K p 2 hr 31
Where a,b are functions of dissolved gas oil ratio.

3. State equation Development of the difference equation

c f ( p p0 ) Difference model For radial flow, the pressure drop gradient
= 0e is very large near wellbore and small far from wellbore. For
cr ( p p 0 )
25
= 0e this reason, non-uniform grids are used, that is, grids are dense
near wellbore and sparse far from the wellbore. Therefore, the
coordinate needs to be transformed.
4. Basic differential equation Let
For polymer solution
2 p p p S ri = rw e ix i [0, N ] 32
w + (v w C r + w + w ) = C t S w + w
r 2
r r r t t Substitute (32) into (28), then we can get the basic differential
26 equation at non-uniform grids.
for oil 2 p p p
2 2
+ (G (v, , r )r 1) = E (v , , r ) r 2 (33)
p p p S x x t
o 2
+ (v o C r + o + o ) = C t S o + o The finite differential equation is as follows.
r r r r t t
27 Ai Pi k1+1 + Bi Pi k +1 + C i Pi k+1+1 = Di i [1, N 2]
Where C t = C r + C f . In addition, S 0 + S w = 1 34
Combine eauation (26) and equation (27), the following Where, Ai = 1 , Bi = 2 i ,
equation can be derived. (Gri 1) x
Ci = 1 + i , Di = i Pi K , i = and
1 2
( + w ) +
2 p r 0 p = C p Eri 2 x 2
( 0 + w ) + t i =
r2 r t
C r (v 0 + v w ) + ( 0 + w ) t
r Solution condition The difference equation for inner
boundary condition is
Let q (r ) B
1 Pk + 1 + Pk + 1 = aw w x = D0 35
(o + w ) + Cr (vo + vw ) + (o + w ) wf 1 2 K (r ) h
G (v, , r ) =
r r w
(o + w ) The difference equation for outer boundary condition is
C t AN 1 PNk+12 + B N 1 PNk +11 = D N 1 C N 1 PNk +1 = D N 1
E (v , , r ) = 36
o + w
Solving the difference equation Arranging equation (34), (35)
Then and (36) and re-write it in matrix form as follows
2 p p p i=0 1 1 Pwf D0
2
+ G (v , , r ) = E (v, , r ) 28
r r t i =1 A1 B1 C1 P1 D1
Equation (28) is the partial differential equation of oil and i=2 A2 B2 C2 P D
2 = 2
polymer aquaous solution with visco-elastic characteristic " " " " " "
through porous media. In this equation, non-linear visco- i = N 2 AN 2 BN 2 C N 2 PN 2 DN 2

elastic solution and variable rheological parameter are i = N 1 AN 1 B N 1 PN 1 D N 1
considered.
Using LU method, pressure at each grid can be calculated.
5 Solve condition Because all of the modulus matrix are functions of flow rate
Initial condition and saturation, so the bottom-hole flowing pressure at
p ( r ,0 ) = p s different flow rate needs to be calculated using iterative
29 method. Sequentially, the IPR curve and pressure distribution
S w (r ,0) = S w0 curve can be obtained.
Outer boundary condition
6 XIA HUIFEN, YUE XIANGAN, WANG DEXI, LI QUN, AND ZHANG XUEBIN
Influential factors analysis and case history
Analysis of influential factors
To analyze the influential factors on inflow performance
relationship, the following basic data are needed.
K = 0.445m 2 , h = 4.3m , =0.25, well spacing is
150m,static pressure is 12.83MPa,the rheological parameters
of polymer fluid injected are H i = 0.0354Pa s1 n and
ni = 0.76 ,the rheological parameters of polymer water
produced are H pw = 0.0018Pa s1 n and n pw = 0.9898 ,
the rheological parameters of produced oil produced
containing polymer solution are H po = 0.0617Pa s1 n and
n po = 0.8874 , and gas-oil ratios is 48 m3/m3.
Influence of change of rheological parameter on IPR
curves
Fig 4 is a series of IPR curves for different rheological
parameter of produced fluid. It is shown that the wells liquid
production increase with the decrease in consistency
coefficient of produced water. Fig.5 shows the relationship
between water cut and consistency coefficient. It is indicated
that water cut rapidly decreases with the increase in
consistency coefficient of produced water and the tendency of
declining becomes slow gradually. By analysis of regression,
the relation between water cut and consistency coefficient is
achieved.
b1
f w = a1 H p
Where a1 ,b1 are constants. They are compositive functions
of property of fluid in situ and property of porous media.
For this well, a1 = 1.1465 and b1 = 0.4976 . This
proves that keeping high viscosity of polymer solution in
porous media can decrease water cut, increase oil
production and enhance displacement efficiency.
Fig.6 gives IPR curves at different relaxation time. It
shows that liquid production of oil well decreases with the
increase in relaxation time. Fig.7 gives corresponding
relationship of water cut with flowing BHP. It is indicated that
water cut decreases with the increase in relaxation time at the
same flowing BHP. Combining Fig.7 with Fig.6, it can be
seen that oil production increases with the increase in
relaxation time.
Effect of permeabilitys change on IPR curves
Fig.8 and Fig.9 are IPR curves at different permeability
reduction factor and different damage skin factors. They show
the influence of permeability variation on IPR curves. The
larger the permeability reduction factor is, that is, the larger
the adsorption and retention of polymer molecular is, the
larger the decrease of permeability is and the fluid flowing
decreases and the production rate of oil well decreases. The
larger the skin factor is, that is, the higher the damage of
formation near the wellbore is, the larger the reduction of
permeability near the wellbore is, and the liquid production
decreases.
SPE 72122
Fig.10 is IPR curves at different thickness of oil beds and
Fig.11 is IPR curves at different damage radius with same skin
factor. From Fig.10, it is shown that the larger the thickness of
oil beds is, the larger the oil production is. From Fig.11, it is
shown that the effect of damage radius on oil production is
small at the same damage skin factors.
Case history
The data here used comes from polymer flooding reservoir at
Daqing oilfield. The working condition of the tested well is
normal. The producing fluid level is about 400m800m when
the well normally works. In order to record the data of flow
after - flow test, the motor of oil well at normal production
was replaced by motor whose rotate speed can be adjusted by
electromagnetism. This motor can change the frequency of
stroke of pumping by adjusting the frequency, thereby,
different production can be obtained. When a submersible
electrical pump is used, theory discharge capacity of the pump
can be changed by adjusting the frequency of motor, bottom
hole pressure can be measured using a small diameter pressure
gauge and rheological parameter of produced fluid can be
measured too.
The IPR curves of two oil wells are calculated using the
method presented in this paper. Table 1 gives the relation
between production and flowing BHP and the comparison
with the observed data. It shows that the average relative error
is less then 10%.
Conclusions
1. Considering the variation of rheological parameter along
the flowing direction is necessary when calculating the inflow
performance relationship. The model established in this paper
is correct, calculated results are coincident with observed data
and the relative error is small.
2. Permeability reduction and formation damage near the
wellbore have significant influence on IPR, so it is necessary
to consider these factors when calculating IPR curves.
3. Under the same conditions, liquid production increases
and water cut decreases when the viscosity of produced water
increases.
4. During the process of visco-elastic polymer solution
flooding, liquid production and corresponding water cut
decrease with the increase in relaxation time.
Reference
1. Xia huifen, Wang Demin etc. Study of the Mechanism of
Polymer Solution With Visco-Elastic Behavior
Increasing Microscopic Oil Displacement Efficiency,
ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2001. Vol.22 (4)
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of polymer solution in the course of seepage flow,
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3. Xia Huifen, Zhang Yunxiang etc. Rheological Behavior
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Porous Media, Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,
1999.23(4): 18-21
SPE 72122 PREDICTION OF IPR CURVE OF OIL WELLS IN VISCO-ELASTIC POLYMER SOLUTION FLOODING RESERVOIRS 7

4. Song Kaoping, Wang Lei etc.. Method of well test

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8 XIA HUIFEN, YUE XIANGAN, WANG DEXI, LI QUN, AND ZHANG XUEBIN SPE 72122

Table.1 Contrast between measured data and calculated data of oil well performance for two oil wells
Well #1 Well #2
Measured Measured Calculated Relative Measured Measured Calculated Relative
pressure production production error pressure production production error
3 3 3 3
(MPa) (m /d) (m /d) % (MPa) (m /d) (m /d) %
6.20 29 32.82 13.17 9.75 85 75.52 -11.15
4.66 38 40.76 7.26 8.32 108 100.78 -6.69
4.23 41 42.99 4.85 8.01 115 106.12 -7.72
4.02 46 44.08 -4.17 7.67 101 112.40 11.28
3.98 48 44.29 -7.73 6.03 140 145.12 3.66

Average relative error: 7.44% Average relative error: 8.10%

a b
Fig.1 Flow of fluid in a constriction channel

100 100
v v
Viscosity (mPas)

a
a eff
Viscosity (mPas)

eff
10 10

1
1
0.1 1 10 100 1000
0.1 1 10 100 1000 Shear rate(1/s)
Shear Rate(1/s)
Fig.3 Relation curves between viscosity and shear rate
Fig.2 Relation curves between viscosity and shear rate
SPE 72122 PREDICTION OF IPR CURVE OF OIL WELLS IN VISCO-ELASTIC POLYMER SOLUTION FLOODING RESERVOIRS 9

1
12 Hp=0.0018
Hp=0.0038
Hp=0.0058
0.8 f w = 1.1465H p-0.4976
Hp=0.01
P wf(Mpa)

8 0.6

fw
0.4
4
0.2

0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 5 10 15 20 25
Ql(m3/d) H pw(mPa.s1-n)

Fig.4 IPR curves in various consistency coefficient of the Fig.5 Relation curve between water cut and consistency
produced fluid coefficient
14 0.85
zet=0 0.83 z=0.0
12 z=0.0001
0.81
zet=0.001s 0.79
z=0.001
10
0.77
P wf(Mpa)

8 0.75
fw

0.73
6
0.71
4 0.69
0.67
2
0.65
0 15 10 5 0
0 40 80 120 Pwf(MPa)
Ql(m3/s)
Fig.7 Relation between water cut and flowing BHP at
Fig.6 IPR curves under the condition of different different relaxation time
relaxition time

120
12 Rf=1.3
Rf=1.5 100
Rf=2.3
Rf=3.0 80
Qmax(m3/d)
Pwf(Mpa)

8
60

4 40
Qmax = 1.2793S2 - 16.864S +
102.65
20

0 0
0 50 100 0 2 4 6
3
Skin factor
Ql(m /d)

Fig.8 IPR curves under the condition of different Fig.9 Relation between absolute open flow
permerability reduction factors and skin factor
10 XIA HUIFEN, YUE XIANGAN, WANG DEXI, LI QUN, AND ZHANG XUEBIN SPE 72122

14 14

12 h=2m 12 rc=0m
h=5m rc=0.5m
10 10
h=10m rc=2m

Pwf (Mpa)
Pwf (Mpa)

8 8
rc=5m
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
0 50 100 150 0 10 20 30 40 50
Q1 (m3/d) Q1 (m3/d)

Fig.10 IPR curves at different Oil zone thickness Fig.11 IPR curves at different damage radius