Correlation

Ch.
9 CorrelationandRegression
9.1 Correlation
1 InterpretScatterPlotsandCorrelations
MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.
Provideanappropriateresponse.
1) Giventhelengthofahumansfemur,x,andthelengthofahumanshumerus,y,wouldyouexpectapositive
correlation,anegativecorrelation,ornocorrelation?
A) positivecorrelation B) negativecorrelation C) nocorrelation
2) Giventhesupplyofacommodity,x,andthepriceofacommodity,y,wouldyouexpectapositivecorrelation,
anegativecorrelation,ornocorrelation?
A) negativecorrelation B) positivecorrelation C) nocorrelation
3) Giventhesizeofahumansbrain,x,andtheirscoreonanIQtest,y,wouldyouexpectapositivecorrelation,a
negativecorrelation,ornocorrelation?
A) nocorrelation B) positivecorrelation C) negativecorrelation
2 IdentifytheExplanatoryandResponseVariables
SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.
Identifytheexplanatoryvariableandtheresponsevariable.
1) Anagriculturalbusinesswantstodetermineiftherainfallininchescanbeusedtopredicttheyieldperacreon
awheatfarm.
2) Acollegecounselorwantstodetermineifthenumberofhoursspentstudyingforatestcanbeusedtopredict
thegradesonatest.
3 ConstructaScatterPlotandDetermineCorrelation
1) Thedatabelowarethegestationperiods,inmonths,ofrandomlyselectedanimalsandtheircorrespondinglife
spans,inyears.Constructascatterplotforthedata.Determinewhetherthereisapositivelinearcorrelation,a
negativelinearcorrelation,ornolinearcorrelation.
Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Lifespan,y 30 12 6 3 25 12 10 40
2) Constructascatterplotforthegivendata.Determinewhetherthereisapositivelinearcorrelation,negative
linearcorrelation,ornolinearcorrelation.
x -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
y 11 6 -6 -1 3 4 1 -4 -5 8
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3) Constructascatterplotforthegivendata.Determinewhetherthereisapositivelinearcorrelation,negative
linearcorrelation,ornolinearcorrelation.
x -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
y 11 -6 8 -3 -2 1 5 -5 6 7
4) Thedatabelowarethefinalexamscoresof10randomlyselectedstatisticsstudentsandthenumberofhours
theystudiedfortheexam.Constructascatterplotforthedata.
Hours,x 3 5 2 8 2 4 4 5 6 3
Scores,y 65 80 60 88 66 78 85 90 90 71
5) Thedatabelowarethetemperaturesonrandomlychosendaysduringasummerclassandthenumberof
absencesonthosedays.Constructascatterplotforthedata.
Temperature,x 72 85 91 90 88 98 75 100 80
Numberofabsences,y 3 7 10 10 8 15 4 15 5
6) Thedatabelowaretheagesandsystolicbloodpressures(measuredinmillimetersofmercury)of9randomly
selectedadults.Constructascatterplotforthedata.
Age,x 38 41 45 48 51 53 57 61 65
Pressure,y 116 120 123 131 142 145 148 150 152
7) Thedatabelowarethenumberofabsencesandthefinalgradesof9randomlyselectedstudentsfroma
statisticsclass.Constructascatterplotforthedata.
Numberofabsences,x 0 3 6 4 9 2 15 8 5
Finalgrade,y 98 86 80 82 71 92 55 76 82
8) Amanagerwishestodeterminetherelationshipbetweenthenumberofmiles(inhundredsofmiles)the
managerssalesrepresentativestravelpermonthandtheamountofsales(inthousandsofdollars)permonth.
Constructascatterplotforthedata.
Milestraveled,x 2 3 10 7 8 15 3 1 11
Sales,y 31 33 78 62 65 61 48 55 120
9) Inorderforapplicantstoworkfortheforeign-servicedepartment,theymusttakeatestinthelanguageofthe
countrywheretheyplantowork.Thedatabelowshowtherelationshipbetweenthenumberofyearsthat
applicantshavestudiedaparticularlanguageandthegradestheyreceivedontheproficiencyexam.Construct
ascatterplotforthedata.
Numberofyears,x 3 4 4 5 3 6 2 7 3
Gradesontest,y 61 68 75 82 73 90 58 93 72
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10) InanareaoftheMidwest,recordswerekeptontherelationshipbetweentherainfall(ininches)andtheyield
ofwheat(bushelsperacre).Constructascatterplotforthedata.
Rainfall(ininches),x 10.5 8.8 13.4 12.5 18.8 10.3 7.0 15.6 16.0
Yield(bushelsperacre),y 50.5 46.2 58.8 59.0 82.4 49.2 31.9 76.0 78.8
4 PerformaHypothesisTestforaPopulationCorrelationCoefficient
1) Calculatethecorrelationcoefficient,r,forthedatabelow.
x -1 1 8 5 3 2 4 6 7 0
y 0 2 19 11 8 4 9 13 16 2
A) 0.990 B) 0.881 C) 0.819 D) 0.792
x 1 3 10 7 5 4 6 8 9 2
y 1 -4 -16 -11 -7 -6 -9 -14 -15 -2
A) -0.995 B) -0.671 C) -0.778 D) -0.885
x 5 7 14 11 9 8 10 12 13 6
y 7 -10 4 -7 -6 -3 1 -9 2 3
A) -0.104 B) -0.132 C) -0.549 D) -0.581
spans,inyears.Calculatethecorrelationcoefficientr.
Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Lifespan,y 30 12 6 3 25 12 10 40
5) Thedatabelowaretheaveragemonthlytemperatures,in F,andthemonthlynaturalgasconsumption,inccf,
forahouseholdinnorthwesternPennsylvania.Calculatethecorrelationcoefficient,r.
Temperature 47 35 21 27 39 48 61 65 70
Consumption 34 169 248 134 137 100 19 34 12
theystudiedfortheexam.Calculatethecorrelationcoefficientr.
Hours,x 2 4 1 7 1 3 3 4 5 2
Scores,y 68 83 63 91 69 81 88 93 93 74
A) 0.847 B) 0.991 C) 0.761 D) 0.654
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absencesonthosedays.Calculatethecorrelationcoefficient,r.
Temperature,x 76 89 95 94 92 102 79 104 84

A) 0.980 B) 0.890 C) 0.881 D) 0.819
selectedadults.Calculatethecorrelationcoefficient,r.
Age,x 33 36 40 43 46 48 52 56 60
Pressure,y 112 116 119 127 138 141 144 146 148
A) 0.960 B) 0.998 C) 0.890 D) 0.908
statisticsclass.Calculatethecorrelationcoefficient,r.
FinalGrade,y 93 81 75 77 66 87 50 71 77
A) -0.991 B) -0.888 C) -0.918 D) -0.899
Calculatethecorrelationcoefficient,r.
Milestraveled,x 5 6 13 10 11 18 6 4 14
Sales,y 30 32 77 61 64 60 47 54 119
A) 0.632 B) 0.561 C) 0.717 D) 0.791
countrywheretheyplantowork.Thedatabelowshowstherelationshipbetweenthenumberofyearsthat
applicantshavestudiedaparticularlanguageandthegradestheyreceivedontheproficiencyexam.Calculate
thecorrelationcoefficient,r.
Gradesontest,y 52 59 66 73 64 81 49 84 63
A) 0.934 B) 0.911 C) 0.891 D) 0.902
ofwheat(bushelsperacre).Calculatethecorrelationcoefficient,r.
Rainfall(ininches),x 9.5 7.8 12.4 11.5 17.8 9.3 6 14.6 15

Yield(bushelsperacre),y 45.5 41.2 53.8 54 77.4 44.2 26.9 71 73.8
A) 0.981 B) 0.998 C) 0.900 D) 0.899
13) Givenasamplewithr=0.823,n=10,and = 0.05,determinethestandardizedteststatistictnecessarytotest

theclaim=0.Roundanswerstothreedecimalplaces.
A) 4.098 B) 3.816 C) 2.891 D) 1.782
14) Givenasamplewithr=-0.541,n=20,and = 0.01,determinethestandardizedteststatistictnecessarytotest

A) -2.729 B) -5.132 C) -4.671 D) -3.251
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15) Givenasamplewithr=0.321,n=30,and = 0.10,determinethestandardizedteststatistictnecessarytotest
A) 1.793 B) 3.198 C) 2.354 D) 2.561
16) Givenasamplewithr=-0.765,n=22,and = 0.02,determinethestandardizedteststatistictnecessarytotest

A) -5.312 B) -4.392 C) -3.783 D) -2.653
17) Givenasamplewithr=0.823,n=10,and = 0.05,determinethecriticalvaluest0 necessarytotesttheclaim

=0.
A) 2.306 B) 2.821 C) 1.833 D) 1.383
18) Givenasamplewithr=-0.541,n=20,and = 0.01,determinethecriticalvaluest0 necessarytotesttheclaim

=0.
A) 2.878 B) 1.729 C) 2.093 D) 2.540
19) Givenasamplewithr=0.321,n=30,and = 0.10,determinethecriticalvaluest0 necessarytotesttheclaim

=0.
A) 1.701 B) 1.311 C) 2.462 D) 0.683
20) Givenasamplewithr=-0.765,n=22,and = 0.02,determinethecriticalvaluest0 necessarytotesttheclaim

=0.
A) 2.528 B) 2.080 C) 2.831 D) 1.721
21) Givenasamplewithr=0.823andn=10,testthesignificanceofthecorrelationrusing=0.05andtheclaim
=0.
22) Givenasamplewithr=-0.541,n=20,testthesignificanceofthecorrelationrusing=0.01andtheclaim
=0.
23) Givenasamplewithr=0.321andn=30,testthesignificanceofthecorrelationrusing=0.10andtheclaim
=0.
24) Givenasamplewithr=-0.765andn= 22,testthesignificanceofthecorrelationrusing=0.02 andtheclaim

=0.
25) Forthedatabelow,testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing = 0.05andtheclaim = 0.
x -10 -8 -1 -4 -6 -7 -5 -3 -2 -9
y -2 0 17 9 6 2 7 11 14 0
x -13 -11 -4 -7 -9 -10 -8 -6 -5 -12

y 5 0 -12 -7 -3 -2 -5 -10 -11 2
x -10 -8 -1 -4 -6 -7 -5 -3 -2 -9
y 15 -2 12 1 2 5 9 -1 10 11
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spans,inyears.Testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing=0.01andtheclaim>0.
Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Lifespan,y 30 12 6 3 25 12 10 40
theystudiedfortheexam.Testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing =0.05andtheclaim=0.
Hours,x 4 6 3 9 3 5 5 6 7 4
Scores,y 67 82 62 90 68 80 87 92 92 73
absencesonthosedays.Testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing=0.02,andtheclaim=0.
Temperature,x 71 84 90 89 87 97 74 99 79
selectedadults.Testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing=0.05andtheclaim=0.
Age,x 43 46 50 53 56 58 62 66 70
Pressure,y 114 118 121 129 140 143 146 148 150
statisticsclass.Testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing=0.05andtheclaim=0.
FinalGrade,y 89 77 71 73 62 83 46 67 73
Testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing=0.01andtheclaim=0.
Milestraveled,x 5 6 13 10 11 18 6 4 14
Sales,y 33 35 80 64 67 63 50 57 122
applicantshavestudiedaparticularlanguageandthegradestheyreceivedontheproficiencyexam.Testthe
significanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing=0.10andtheclaim=0.
Gradesontest,y 58 65 72 79 70 87 55 90 69
ofwheat(bushelsperacre).Testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing=0.01andtheclaim=0.
Rainfall(ininches),x 11 9.3 13.9 13 19.3 10.8 7.5 16.1 16.5

Yield(bushelsperacre),y 51.5 47.2 59.8 60 83.4 50.2 32.9 77 79.8
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forahouseholdinnorthwesternPennsylvania.Testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing =0.05
andtheclaim<0.
Temperature 47 35 21 27 39 48 61 65 70
Consumption 34 169 248 134 137 100 19 34 12
5 CalculatetheCorrelationCoefficientwithInterchangedxandy
1) Calculatethecoefficientofcorrelation,r,lettingRow1representthex-valuesandRow2representthe
y-values.Nowcalculatethecoefficientofcorrelation,r,lettingRow2representthex -valuesandRow1
representthey-values.Whateffectdoesswitchingtheexplanatoryandresponsevariableshaveonthe
correlationcoefficient?
Row1 1 3 10 7 5 4 6 8 9 2
Row2 -7 11 12 4 1 -3 2 6 9 11
6 Concepts
1) Explainthedifferencebetween x2 and x 2
.
2) IfDataAhasacorrelationcoefficientofr= -0.991,andDataBhasacorrelationcoefficientofr = 0.991,which

correlationiscorrect?
A) DataAandDataBhavethesamestrengthinlinearcorrelation.
B) DataAhasastrongerlinearcorrelationthanDataB.
C) DataAhasaweakerlinearcorrelationthanDataB.
3) Whichofthefollowingvaluescouldnotrepresentacorrelationcoefficient?
A) 1.032 B) 0 C) 0.927 D) -1
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9.2 LinearRegression
1 FindtheEquationofaRegressionLine
1) Matchtheregressionequationwiththeappropriategraph.(Notethatthex- andy-axesarebroken.)
^
y=0.00114x+0.57
A) B)
y 220 y
11
Systolic BP (in mm of mercury)

200
Energy-efficiency rating
180
10
160
140
9
120
100
8
80
5800 6000 6200 x 20 30 40 50 60 70 x

Coolingcapacity(inBTUs) Age(inyears)
C) D)
y y
18
Leisure time (hours per week)
28
17
16 26
Fat (in grams)
15 24
14
22
13
20
12
11 18
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 x 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 x
Protein(ingrams) Worktime(hoursperweek)
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^
y=1.72x+84.99
A) B)
220 y y
11

200
180
10
160
140
9
120
100
8
80
20 30 40 50 60 70 x 5800 6000 6200 x

Age(inyears) Coolingcapacity(inBTUs)
C) D)
y y
18

28
17
16 26
Fat (in grams)
15 24
14
22
13
20
12
11 18
32 33Protein(ingrams)
34 35 36 37 38 x 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 x
40Worktime(hoursperweek)
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^
y=-1.1x+52.3
A) B)
y 220 y
18

200
17
180
16
Fat (in grams)
160
15
140
14
120
13
100
12
80
11
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 x 20 30 40 50 60 70 x
Protein(ingrams) Age(inyears)
C) D)
y
y

11 28
26
10
24
22
9
20
8
18
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 x
Worktime(hoursperweek)
5800 6000 6200 x
Coolingcapacity(inBTUs)
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^
y=-0.677x+52.3
A) B)
y 220 y

28 200
26 180
160
24
140
22
120
20 100
80
18
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 x 20 30 40 50 60 70 x
Worktime(hoursperweek) Age(inyears)
C) D)
y y
18 11
17
16 10
Fat (in grams)
15
14 9
13
12 8
11
32 33Protein(ingrams)
34 35 36 37 38 x 5800 6000 6200
Coolingcapacity(inBTUs)
x
5) Findtheequationoftheregressionlineforthegivendata.
x -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
y -10 -8 9 1 -2 -6 -1 3 6 -8
^ ^
A) y=2.097x-0.552 B) y=0.522x-2.097
^ ^
C) y=2.097x+0.552 D) y=-0.552x+2.097
x -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
y 11 6 -6 -1 3 4 1 -4 -5 8
^ ^
A) y=-1.885x+0.758 B) y=0.758x+1.885
^ ^
C) y=-0.758x-1.885 D) y=1.885x-0.758
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x -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
y 11 -6 8 -3 -2 1 5 -5 6 7
^ ^
A) y=-0.206x+2.097 B) y=2.097x-0.206
^ ^
C) y=0.206x-2.097 D) y=-2.097x+0.206
spans,inyears.Findtheequationoftheregressionlineforthegivendata.
Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Lifespan,y 30 12 6 3 25 12 10 40
theystudiedfortheexam.Findtheequationoftheregressionlineforthegivendata.
Hours,x 3 5 2 8 2 4 4 5 6 3
Scores,y 65 80 60 88 66 78 85 90 90 71
^ ^
A) y=5.044x+56.113 B) y=56.113x-5.044
^^ ^
C) y =-56.113x-5.044 D) y=-5.044x+56.113
absencesonthosedays.Findtheequationoftheregressionlineforthegivendata.
Temperature,x 72 85 91 90 88 98 75 100 80
^ ^ ^ ^
A) y=0.449x-30.27 B) y=30.27x-0.449 C) y=0.449x+30.27 D) y=30.27x+0.449
11) Thedatabelowareagesandsystolicbloodpressures(measuredinmillimetersofmercury)of9randomly
selectedadults.Findtheequationoftheregressionlineforthegivendata.
Age,x 38 41 45 48 51 53 57 61 65
Pressure,y 116 120 123 131 142 145 148 150 152
^ ^
A) y=1.488x+60.461 B) y=60.461x-1.488
^ ^^
C) y=1.448x-60.461 D) y =60.461x+1.488
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statisticsclass.Findtheequationoftheregressionlineforthegivendata.
Finalgrade,y 98 86 80 82 71 92 55 76 82
^ ^
A) y=-2.755x+96.139 B) y=96.139x-2.755
^ ^
C) y=-2.755x-96.139 D) y=-96.139x+2.755
Findtheequationoftheregressionlineforthegivendata.
Milestraveled,x 2 3 10 7 8 15 3 1 11
Sales,y 31 33 78 62 65 61 48 55 120
^ ^
A) y=3.529x+37.916 B) y=37.916x-3.529
^^ ^
C) y =3.529x-37.916 D) y=37.916x+3.529
applicantshavestudiedaparticularlanguageandthegradestheyreceivedontheproficiencyexam.Findthe
equationoftheregressionlineforthegivendata.
Gradesontest,y 61 68 75 82 73 90 58 93 72
^ ^
A) y=6.910x+46.261 B) y=6.910x-46.261
^ ^
C) y=46.261x-6.910 D) y=46.261x+6.910
ofwheat(bushelsperacre).Findtheequationoftheregressionlineforthegivendata.
^ ^ ^^ ^
A) y=4.379x+4.267 B) y=-4.379x+4.267 C) y =4.267x+4.379 D) y=4.267x-4.379

forahouseholdinnorthwesternPennsylvania.Findtheequationoftheregressionlineforthegivendata.
Temperature 47 35 21 27 39 48 61 65 70
Consumption 34 169 248 134 137 100 19 34 12
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^
17) Giventheequationofaregressionlineisy=3x-1,whatisthebestpredictedvalueforygivenx=4?Assume
thatthevariablesxandyhaveasignificantcorrelation.
A) 11 B) 13 C) 1 D) 6
^
18) Giventheequationofaregressionlineisy=-2.5x+ 5.3,whatisthebestpredictedvalueforygivenx=4.9?
Assumethatthevariablesxandyhaveasignificantcorrelation.
A) -6.95 B) -17.55 C) 17.55 D) 6.95
^
19) Giventheequationofaregressionlineisy=3.5x-5.4,whatisthebestpredictedvalueforygiven x=-1.2?
Assumethatthevariablesxandyhaveasignificantcorrelation.
A) -9.6 B) 12.3 C) -6.9 D) -12.3
20) Usetheregressionequationtopredictthevalueofyforx= -2.8.Assumethatthevariablesxandyhavea

significantcorrelation.
x -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
y -10 -8 9 1 -2 -6 -1 3 6 -8
A) -6.424 B) -5.320 C) 3.643 D) 0.551
21) Usetheregressionequationtopredictthevalueofyforx= -0.2.Assumethatthevariablesxandyhavea

x -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
y 11 6 -6 -1 3 4 1 -4 -5 8
A) 1.135 B) 0.381 C) -2.037 D) 1.733
spans,inyears.Usetheregressionequationtopredictthelifespan,y,foragestationperiodof6months,x.
Assumethevariablesxandyhaveasignificantcorrelation.
Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Lifespan,y 30 12 6 3 25 12 10 40
theystudiedfortheexam.Whatisthebestpredictedvalueforygiven x=3?Assumethatthevariablesxandy
haveasignificantcorrelation.
Hours,x 3 5 2 8 2 4 4 5 6 3
Scores,y 65 80 60 88 66 78 85 90 90 71
A) 71 B) 70 C) 69 D) 72
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absencesonthosedays.Whatisthebestpredictedvalueforygivenx=84?Assumethatthevariablesxandy
haveasignificantcorrelation.
Temperature,x 72 85 91 90 88 98 75 100 80
A) 7 B) 8 C) 9 D) 10
selectedadults.Whatisthebestpredictedvalueforygivenx=41?Assumethatthevariablesxandyhavea
Age,x 38 41 45 48 51 53 57 61 65
Pressure,y 116 120 123 131 142 145 148 150 152
A) 121 B) 123 C) 119 D) 117
statisticsclass.Whatisthebestpredictedvalueforygivenx=10?Assumethatthevariablesxandyhavea
. Numberofabsences,x 0 3 6 4 9 2 15 8 5
Finalgrade,y 98 86 80 82 71 92 55 76 82
A) 69 B) 70 C) 71 D) 68
countrywheretheyplantowork.Thedatabelowshowtherelationshipbetweenthenumberofyearsthat
applicantshavestudiedaparticularlanguageandthegradestheyreceivedontheproficiencyexam.Whatis
thebestpredictedvalueforygivenx=5.5?Assumethatthevariablesxandyhaveasignificantcorrelation.
Gradesontest,y 61 68 75 82 73 90 58 93 72
A) 84 B) 82 C) 80 D) 86
ofwheat(bushelsperacre).Whichisthebestpredictedvalueforygivenx =7.3?Assumethatthevariablesx
andyhaveasignificantcorrelation.
A) 36.2 B) 36.5 C) 36.0 D) 36.7
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forahouseholdinnorthwesternPennsylvania.Whatisthebest-predictedvalueforthegasconsumption,y,
givenx=50F?Assumethatthevariablesxandyhaveasignificantcorrelation.
Temperature 47 35 21 27 39 48 61 65 70
Consumption 34 169 248 134 137 100 19 34 12
30) Acalculusinstructorisinterestedinfindingthestrengthofarelationshipbetweenthefinalexamgradesof
studentsenrolledinCalculusIandCalculusIIathiscollege.Thedata(inpercentages)arelistedbelow.
CalculusI 88 78 62 75 95 91 83 86 98
CalculusII 81 80 55 78 90 90 81 80 100
a)Graphascatterplotofthedata.
b)Findanequationoftheregressionline.
c)Determineifthereisasignificantcorrelationbetweenthedata.Use =0.01.
d)PredictaCalculusIIexamscoreforastudentwhoreceivesan80inCalculusI.Isyouransweravalid
prediction?
2 FindtheEquationofaRegressionLinewithInterchangedxandy
1) FindtheequationoftheregressionlinebylettingRow1representthex-valuesandRow2representthe
y-values.NowfindtheequationoftheregressionlinelettingRow2representthex-valuesandRow1
representthey-values.Whateffectdoesswitchingtheexplanatoryandresponsevariableshaveonthe
regressionline?
Row1 -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
Row2 -10 -8 9 1 -2 -6 -1 3 6 -8
3 Concepts
^
1) Giventheequationofaregressionlineisy=-1.04x+50.3,determinewhetherthereisapositivelinear
correlationoranegativelinearcorrelation.
A) negativelinearcorrelation B) positivelinearcorrelation
^
2) Giventheequationofaregressionlineisy=0.00014x+2.53,determinewhetherthereisapositivelinear
correlationoranegativelinearcorrelation.
A) positivelinearcorrelation B) negativelinearcorrelation
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9.3 MeasuresofRegressionandPredictionIntervals
1 FindTypesofVariationsandtheCoefficientofDetermination
1) Calculatethecoefficientofdetermination,giventhatthelinearcorrelationcoefficient,r,is0.837.Whatdoesthis
tellyouabouttheexplainedvariationandtheunexplainedvariationofthedataabouttheregressionline?
2) Calculatethecoefficientofdetermination,giventhatthelinearcorrelationcoefficient,r,is-0.625.Whatdoes
thistellyouabouttheexplainedvariationandtheunexplainedvariationofthedataabouttheregressionline?
3) Calculatethecoefficientofdetermination,giventhatthelinearcorrelationcoefficient,r,is1.Whatdoesthistell
youabouttheexplainedvariationandtheunexplainedvariationofthedataabouttheregressionline?
^
4) Findthestandarderrorofestimate,se,forthedatabelow,giventhaty=2x+1.
x 1 2 3 4
y 3 5 7 9
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
^
5) Findthestandarderrorofestimate,se,forthedatabelow,giventhaty=-2.5x.
x -1 -2 -3 -4
y 2 6 7 10
A) 0.866 B) 0.675 C) 0.532 D) 0.349
^
6) Findthestandarderrorofestimate,se,forthedatabelow,giventhaty=2.097x-0.552.
x -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
y -10 -8 9 1 -2 -6 -1 3 6 -8
A) 0.976 B) 0.990 C) -0.990 D) 0.980
^
7) Findthestandarderrorofestimate,se,forthedatabelow,giventhaty=-1.885x+0.758.
x -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
y 11 6 -6 -1 3 4 1 -4 -5 8
A) 0.613 B) 0.981 C) 0.312 D) 0.011
^
8) Findthestandarderrorofestimate,se,forthedatabelow,giventhaty=-0.206x+2.097.
x -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
y 11 -6 8 -3 -2 1 5 -5 6 7
A) 6.306 B) 3.203 C) 5.918 D) 8.214
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^
spans,inyears.Findthestandarderrorofestimate,se,giventhaty=1.523x+6.343.
Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Lifespan,y 30 12 6 3 25 12 10 40
^
theystudiedfortheexam.Findthestandarderrorofestimate,se,giventhaty=5.044x+56.11.
Hours,x 3 5 2 8 2 4 4 5 6 3
Scores,y 65 80 60 88 66 78 85 90 90 71
A) 6.305 B) 7.913 C) 8.912 D) 9.875
^
absencesonthosedays.Findthestandarderrorofestimate, se,giventhaty=0.449x-30.27.
Temperature,x 72 85 91 90 88 98 75 100 80
A) 0.935 B) 1.162 C) 1.007 D) 0.815
^
selectedadults.Findthestandarderrorofestimate, se,giventhaty=1.488x+60.46.
Age,x 38 41 45 48 51 53 57 61 65
Pressure,y 116 120 123 131 142 145 148 150 152
A) 4.199 B) 6.981 C) 5.572 D) 3.099
^
statisticsclass.Findthestandarderrorofestimate,se,giventhaty=-2.75X+96.14.
Finalgrade,y 98 86 80 82 71 92 55 76 82
A) 1.799 B) 4.531 C) 3.876 D) 2.160
^
Findthestandarderrorofestimate,se,giventhaty=3.53x+37.92.
Milestraveled,x 2 3 10 7 8 15 3 1 11
Sales,y 31 33 78 62 65 61 48 55 120
A) 22.062 B) 15.951 C) 10.569 D) 5.122
Page218

applicantshavestudiedaparticularlanguageandthegradestheyreceivedontheproficiencyexam.Findthe
^
standardofestimate,se,giventhaty=6.91x+46.26.
Gradesontest,y 61 68 75 82 73 90 58 93 72
A) 4.578 B) 3.412 C) 5.192 D) 6.713
^
ofwheat(bushelsperacre).Findthestandarderrorofestimate, se,giventhaty=4.379x+4.267.
A) 3.529 B) 4.759 C) 2.813 D) 1.332

forahouseholdinnorthwesternPennsylvania.Findthestandarderrorofestimate, se,giventhat
^
y=-4.310x+296.352.
Temperature 47 35 21 27 39 48 61 65 70
Consumption 34 169 248 134 137 100 19 34 12
2 ConstructandInterpretPredictionIntervals
^
1) Constructa95%predictionintervalforygivenx=2.5,y=2x+4andse=0.
x 1 2 3 4
y 6 8 10 12
^
2) Constructa95%predictionintervalforygivenx=2.5,y=-2.5xandse=0.866.Roundintervaltothree
decimalplaces.
x -1 -2 -3 -4
y 2 6 7 10
A) -15.566<y<3.066 B) -12.594< y< 0.094

C) -16.156<y<3.656 D) -8.244< y< -4.256
Page219

^
3) Constructa95%predictionintervalforygivenx=-3.5,y=2.097x-0.552andse=0.976.Roundintervalto
twodecimalplaces.
x -5 -3 4 1 -1 -2 0 2 3 -4
y -10 -8 9 1 -2 -6 -1 3 6 -8
A) -10.31<y<-5.47 B) -3.19< y< -2.15 C) -4.60< y< -1.99 D) -12.14< y< -6.48
^
spans,inyears.Constructa95%predictionintervalfory,thelifespan,givenx=10months,y=1.523x+6.343,
andse=5.618.Roundintervaltotwodecimalplaces.
Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Lifespan,y 30 12 6 3 25 12 10 40
5) Thedatabelowarethescoresof10randomlyselectedstudentsfromastatisticsclassandthenumberofhours
theystudiedfortheexam.Constructa95%predictionintervalfory,thescoreonthefinalexam,givenx =7
^
hours,y=5.044x+56.11andse=6.305.Roundintervaltotwodecimalplaces.
Hours,x 3 5 2 8 2 4 4 5 6 3
Scores,y 65 80 60 88 66 78 85 90 90 71
A) 74.54<y<108.30 B) 55.43< y< 78.19 C) 77.21< y< 110.45 D) 79.16< y< 112.34
absencesonthosedays.Constructa95%predictionintervalfory,thenumberofdaysabsent,givenx =95
^
degrees,y=0.449x-30.27andse=0.934.Roundintervaltothreedecimalplaces.
Temperature,x 72 85 91 90 88 98 75 100 80
A) 9.957<y<14.813 B) 3.176< y< 5.341 C) 4.321< y< 6.913 D) 6.345< y< 8.912
applicantshavestudiedaparticularlanguageandthegradestheyreceivedontheproficiencyexam.Construct
^^
a95%predictionintervalforygivenx=2.5,y =6.91x+46.26,andse=4.578.Roundintervaltotwodecimal
places.
Gradesontest,y 61 68 75 82 73 90 58 93 72
A) 51.50<y<75.57 B) 60.23< y< 91.42 C) 55.12< y< 87.34 D) 47.32< y< 72.13
Page220

ofwheat(bushelsperacre).Constructa95%predictionintervalfory,theyield,givenx =11inches,
^
y=4.379x+4.267andse=3.529.Roundintervaltotwodecimalplaces.
A) 43.56<y<61.32 B) 41.68< y< 63.21 C) 40.54< y< 64.15 D) 39.86< y< 65.98
forahouseholdinnorthwesternPennsylvania.Constructa90%predictionintervalfory,themonthlygas
consumption,givenx=50F.Roundintervaltotwodecimalplaces.
Temperature 47 35 21 27 39 48 61 65 70
Consumption 34 169 248 134 137 100 19 34 12
10) Aprivateorganizationconductedasurveyin9regionsofthecountrytodeterminetheaverageweekly
spendingindollarsperpersonontobaccoproductsandalcoholicbeverages.Thedataarelistedbelow.
Region 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Alcoholspending,x $12.80 $13.20 $9.50 $10.30 $9.80 $11.70 $10.00 $8.90 $11.60
Tobaccospending,y $8.50 $7.60 $6.90 $6.80 $6.80 $5.70 $6.50 $4.90 $7.00
a)Constructascatterplotofthedatalettingxrepresentspendingonalcoholandyrepresentspendingon
tobacco.
b)Findtheregressionline.
c)Findthecoefficientofdetermination.Whatcanyouconclude?
d)Findthestandarderrorofestimate,se.
e)Constructa95%predictionintervalfortheweeklyspendingontobaccowhentheamountspentonalcoholis
$9.50.
9.4 MultipleRegression
1 UseaMultipleRegressionEquationtoPredicty -values
^
1) Amultipleregressionequationisy=-35,000+130x1 +20,000x2 ,wherex1 isapersonsage,x2 isthepersons
gradepointaverageincollege,andyisthepersonsincome.Predicttheincomeforapersonwhois 26years
oldandhadacollegegradepointaverageof3.8.
A) $44,380 B) $114,380 C) $79,380 D) $485,494
2) AresearcherfoundasignificantrelationshipbetweenastudentsIQ,x1 ,gradepointaverage,x2 ,andthescore,

y,ontheverbalsectionoftheSATtest.Therelationshipcanberepresentedbythemultipleregressionequation
^
y=250+1.5x1 +80x2 .PredicttheSATverbalscoreofastudentwhoseIQis 112andgradepointaverageis3.4.
A) 690 B) 440 C) 590 D) 640
Page221

3) Aresearcherfoundasignificantrelationshipbetweenapersonsage,x1 ,thenumberofhoursapersonworks
perweek,x2 ,andthenumberofaccidents,y,thepersonhasperyear.Therelationshipcanberepresentedby
^
themultipleregressionequationy=-3.2+0.012x1 +0.23x2 .Predictthenumberofaccidentsperyear(tothe
nearestwholenumber)forapersonwhoseageis50andwhoworks38hoursperweek.
A) 6accidents B) 7accidents C) 8 accidents D) 5accidents
2 FindaMultipleRegressionEquation,StandardErrorofEstimate,andCoefficientofDetermination
1) Aresearcheratalocallawuniversitywishestoseewhetherastudentsgradepointaverageandagearerelated
toastudentsscoreonthestatebarexam.Sixstudentsarerandomlyselected.Thedataaregivenbelow.
Student GPA Age Score

1 3.5 23 530
2 2.8 28 550
3 3.9 22 690
4 3.4 27 620
5 2.3 21 430
6 3.3 26 580
a)Findamultipleregressionequationforthedata.
b)Whatisthestandarderrorofestimate?
c)Whatisthecoefficientofdetermination?
d)Interprettheresultsin(c).
e)Predictthestatebarexamscorefora25-year-oldstudentwithagradepointaverageof3.0.
2) Amedicalresearcherwishestoseewhetherthereisarelationshipbetweenapersonsage,cholesterollevel,
andsystolicbloodpressure.Eightpeoplearerandomlyselected.Thedataarelistedbelow.
Cholesterol Blood
Person Age level Pressure
1 38 220 116
2 41 225 120
3 45 200 123
4 48 190 131
5 51 250 142
6 53 215 145
7 57 200 148
8 61 170 150
a)Findamultipleregressionequationforthedata.
b)Whatisthestandarderrorofestimate?
c)Whatisthecoefficientofdetermination?
d)Interprettheresultsin(c).
e)Ifaperson50yearsoldwithacholesterolreadingof220isselected,whatisthatpersonspredictedblood
pressurereading?
Page222

3 FindtheAdjustedCoefficientofDetermination
1) Aresearcheratalocallawuniversitywishestoseewhetherastudentsgradepointaverageandagearerelated
toastudentsscoreonthestatebarexam.Sixstudentsarerandomlyselected.Thedataaregivenbelow.
Student GPA Age Score

1 3.5 23 530
2 2.8 28 550
3 3.9 22 690
4 3.4 27 620
5 2.3 21 430
6 3.3 26 580
Calculatetheadjustedcoefficientofdetermination,r2 adj.
2) Amedicalresearcherwishestoseewhetherthereisarelationshipbetweenapersonsage,cholesterollevel,
andsystolicbloodpressure.Eightpeoplearerandomlyselected.Thedataarelistedbelow.
Cholesterol Blood
Person Age level Pressure
1 38 220 116
2 41 225 120
3 45 200 123
4 48 190 131
5 51 250 142
6 53 215 145
7 57 200 148
8 61 170 150
Calculatetheadjustedcoefficientofdetermination,r2 adj.
Page223

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Ch.

Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Temperature,x 76 89 95 94 92 102 79 104 84

Rainfall(ininches),x 9.5 7.8 12.4 11.5 17.8 9.3 6 14.6 15

13) Givenasamplewithr=0.823,n=10,and = 0.05,determinethestandardizedteststatistictnecessarytotest

14) Givenasamplewithr=-0.541,n=20,and = 0.01,determinethestandardizedteststatistictnecessarytotest

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

16) Givenasamplewithr=-0.765,n=22,and = 0.02,determinethestandardizedteststatistictnecessarytotest

17) Givenasamplewithr=0.823,n=10,and = 0.05,determinethecriticalvaluest0 necessarytotesttheclaim

18) Givenasamplewithr=-0.541,n=20,and = 0.01,determinethecriticalvaluest0 necessarytotesttheclaim

19) Givenasamplewithr=0.321,n=30,and = 0.10,determinethecriticalvaluest0 necessarytotesttheclaim

20) Givenasamplewithr=-0.765,n=22,and = 0.02,determinethecriticalvaluest0 necessarytotesttheclaim

24) Givenasamplewithr=-0.765andn= 22,testthesignificanceofthecorrelationrusing=0.02 andtheclaim

25) Forthedatabelow,testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing = 0.05andtheclaim = 0.

26) Forthedatabelow,testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing = 0.01andtheclaim = 0.

x -13 -11 -4 -7 -9 -10 -8 -6 -5 -12

27) Forthedatabelow,testthesignificanceofthecorrelationcoefficientusing = 0.10andtheclaim = 0.

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Rainfall(ininches),x 11 9.3 13.9 13 19.3 10.8 7.5 16.1 16.5

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

2) IfDataAhasacorrelationcoefficientofr= -0.991,andDataBhasacorrelationcoefficientofr = 0.991,which

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Systolic BP (in mm of mercury)

5800 6000 6200 x 20 30 40 50 60 70 x

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Systolic BP (in mm of mercury)

20 30 40 50 60 70 x 5800 6000 6200 x

Leisure time (hours per week)

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Systolic BP (in mm of mercury)

Leisure time (hours per week)

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Systolic BP (in mm of mercury)

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

16) Thedatabelowaretheaveragemonthlytemperatures,in F,andthemonthlynaturalgasconsumption,inccf,

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

20) Usetheregressionequationtopredictthevalueofyforx= -2.8.Assumethatthevariablesxandyhavea

A) -6.424 B) -5.320 C) 3.643 D) 0.551

21) Usetheregressionequationtopredictthevalueofyforx= -0.2.Assumethatthevariablesxandyhavea

A) 1.135 B) 0.381 C) -2.037 D) 1.733

Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

A) 121 B) 123 C) 119 D) 117

A) 36.2 B) 36.5 C) 36.0 D) 36.7

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

29) Thedatabelowaretheaveragemonthlytemperatures,in F,andthemonthlynaturalgasconsumption,inccf,

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

A) 0.866 B) 0.675 C) 0.532 D) 0.349

A) 0.976 B) 0.990 C) -0.990 D) 0.980

A) 0.613 B) 0.981 C) 0.312 D) 0.011

A) 6.306 B) 3.203 C) 5.918 D) 8.214

Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Gestation,x 8 2.1 1.3 1 11.5 5.3 3.8 24.3

A) 6.305 B) 7.913 C) 8.912 D) 9.875

A) 0.935 B) 1.162 C) 1.007 D) 0.815

A) 4.199 B) 6.981 C) 5.572 D) 3.099

A) 1.799 B) 4.531 C) 3.876 D) 2.160