Subject Object Reflexiv Possessi Possessi

Pronou Pronou e ve ve
n n Pronoun Pronoun Adjectiv
e
1st person I me myself mine my
singular
2nd person you you yourself yours your
singular
3rd person he him himself his his
singular,
male
3rd person she her herself hers her
singular,
female
3rd person it it itself its its
singular,
neutral
1st person we us ourselves ours our
plural
2nd person you you yourselve yours your
plural s
3rd person they them themselv theirs their
plural es

Personal Pronouns.
Subject Pronoun. Replace nouns that are the subject of their clause.
In the 3rd person, subject pronouns are often used to avoid repetition
of the subject's name.
Object Pronoun. Are used to replace nouns that are the direct or
indirect object of a clause, when the object is affected by the action of
the subject, is normally used after a verb or a preposition.
Reflexive Pronouns. We use it as objects of verbs when the subject
and the object of the verb are the same or for emphasis. The reflexive
YOU in plural is YOURSELVES.
Possessive Pronouns. Replace possessive nouns as either the
subject or the object of a clause to avoid repetition.
Possesive Adjectives. Possessive adjectives are not pronouns, but
rather determiners. It function as adjectives, so they appear before
the noun they modify. They do not replace a noun as pronouns do. It is
used to show possession or ownership.

RELATIVE CLAUSES. We use it to give additional information about

something without starting another sentence.
 Who/That The women who/that is driving that sport car
PEOPLE is my aunt.

Whose The man whose wallet you found is over there.

POSSESS
ION

THINGS The bag which/that i son the table is mine.

ANIMALS Which/Tha The movie which/that I watched last night with
IDEAS t James was terrible.
PLACE Where The place where I live is beautiful.
TIME When The summer when I graduated was long and
hot.

COMMON PREPOSITIONS. A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns,

or phrases to other words within a sentence. Prepositions are usually short words,
and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns. In some cases, youll find
prepositions in front of gerund verbs.
Prepositions of time: after, around, at, before, between, during, from, on,
until, in, since, for, during, within.

Prepositions of place: above, across, against, along, among, around, at,

behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond,
by, down, in, inside, into, near, off, on, opposite, out,
over, past, through, to, toward, under, underneath.

Prepositions of at, for, on, to, in, into, onto, between.

direction/movement:

Prepositions of manner: by, on, in, like, with.

Other types of by, with, of, for, by, like, as.

prepositions:
After: por, tras, despus Against: contra, en contra Out: fuera, hacia fuera.
de. de. Over: encima, por encima
Around: alrededor, Along: a lo largo de. de.
cerca de. Among: entre, en medio Past: ms de, ms all de.
At: en, a, de, por, para. de. Through: a travs de,
Before: antes de. Behind: detrs, atrs. mediante.
Between: entre, en Below: abajo, debajo. To: a, para, en, hasta, por,
medio de. Beneath: debajo. segn.
During: durante. Beside: junto a, al lado de. Toward: hacia.
From: de, desde, a partir Beyond: ms all, ms Under: bajo, debajo.
de. lejos. Underneath: debajo, por
On: en, sobre, encima By: por, de, en, con, a. debajo.
de. Down: abajo, hacia abajo. Like: como.
Until: hasta. Into: en, a dentro de. As: como, por, para.
In: en, dentro de, Inside: dentro, interior. With: con, de, al, segn.
adentro. Onto: sobre, encima de.
Since: desde. Near: cerca de, cerca.
For: para, por. Off: de.
Within: dentro, dentro Opposite: al contrario de.
de.
Above: encima, arriba.
Across: a travs de.
Of: de, a, para.
STATIVE VERBS. The following verbs are not normally used in continuous tenses.
SEE, HEAR, SMELL, LIKE, LOVE, HATE, WANT, NEED, THINK, UNDERSTAND, KNOW, BE,
HAVE, COST, TASTE.
Some of this verbs can be used with different meaning.
SEE: Im seeing my doctor tomorrow.
THING OF/ABOUT: Im thinking of buying a car.
HAVE (with words like breakfast, lunch, dinner, party): Shes having dinner at the
moment.