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Machine Language: It is the only language that can run a computer, is specific to
each architecture, is a code that is interpreted directly by the microprocessor, is
composed of a set of instructions executed in sequence representing actions that
the machine can do.
Low Level Language: It is one in which its instructions exert a direct control over
the hardware and are conditioned by the physical structure of the computers that
support it.
Qualitative algorithms: These are those in which the steps are described using
words.
Algoritmos cuantitativos: Son aquellos en los que se utilizan clculos numricos
para definir los pasos del proceso.
Definition of the problem: Defining a research problem is the fuel that drives the
scientific process and forms the basis of any method of research and experimental
design, from a real experiment to a case study.
Testing and debugging: The testing process usually reveals bugs (or errors), a
generic term that covers everything your program does that you were not
supposed to do. The process of removing these program errors is known as
debugging.
Data types: A data type is an attribute of the data that tells the computer or
programmer about the type of data to be worked. This includes imposing
constraints on the data, such as what values can be taken and what operations
can be performed.
Operators and operands: They are elements that relate in a different way, the
values of one or more variables and / or constants. That is, operators allow us to
manipulate values.
Top down and bottom up design techniques: In the top-down model a system
summary is formulated, without specifying details. Each part of the system is
refined by designing in more detail. Each new part is then redefined, in greater
detail, until the complete specification is sufficiently detailed to validate the model.
The top-down model is often designed with the help of "black boxes" that make it
easier to meet requirements even though these black boxes do not explain the
individual components in detail.
In contrast, in the bottom-up design the individual parts are designed in detail and
then bonded to form larger components, which in turn are linked until the entire
system is formed. Strategies based on the bottom-up information flow seem
potentially necessary and sufficient because they are based on the knowledge of
all the variables that can affect the elements of the system.
Input Devices: These are those that serve to enter data into the computer for
processing. The data is read from the input devices and stored in the central or
internal memory. The input devices convert the information into electrical signals
that are stored in the central memory.
Output devices: Output devices are those that receive information from the
computer, its function is eminently receptive and therefore are unable to send
information.
Unidad de control: Es uno de los tres bloques funcionales principales en los que
se divide una unidad central de procesamiento (CPU). Los otros dos bloques son
la unidad de proceso y la unidad de entrada/salida. Su funcin es buscar las
instrucciones en la memoria principal, decodificarlas (interpretacin) y ejecutarlas,
empleando para ello la unidad de proceso.
Control unit: It is one of the three main functional blocks in which a central
processing unit (CPU) is divided. The other two blocks are the process unit and the
input / output unit. Its function is to search the instructions in the main memory, to
decode them (interpretation) and to execute them, using for this the process unit.
Central memory (internal): It is the memory of the computer where the data and
the programs that the central processing unit (CPU) is being processed or will be
stored at a certain moment are stored temporarily. By its function, the MP must be
inseparable from the microprocessor or CPU, with whom it communicates through
the data bus and the address bus
RAM Memory: Used as a working memory of computers for the operating system,
programs and most of the software. In the RAM, all the instructions that the central
processing unit (processor) and other units of the computer are running are loaded.