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PROBLEMA
O< x< L, t> O U (0; t)=0 U(x; 0)= f (x) U (L; t)=0
Separacin de variables
U(x; t)=X.T (1)
KX''T=T'X= 2
X X
2
X"+ X = 0 X=A
cos sin
2
2
T'+ K T = 0 T=C eK t
Reemplazando en (1)
X X
2
K t
U(x; t)= C e (A
sin
)
cos
A=0
L L
K t
2
U (L; t)=0 U (L; t)= C e (A
sin
)=0
cos
2
L
K t
C e ( B
=0
sin()
L
=0 L =n
sin
n
=
L
Principio de superposicin
C eK t ( B sin( nx
L ) =
2
L
T=2
nx
C eK t ( B sin(
L ) .. (2)
2
U(x; t)=
n=1
)
Halando el valor de B
L
2 nx
B= L0
f ( x ) sin(
L
)dx
Reemplazando en (2)
[ ]
2
L n
2 nx K ( ) t nx
U(x; t)=
n=1 L0
f ( x ) sin(
L
)dx C e L sin (
L
)
ECUACIN UNIDIMENSIONAL DEL CALOR
PROBLEMA
t
Y"_ 4Y '+ 4Y=2 e 2t +
cos
Condicin:
3 4
Y (0) = 25 Y'(0)= 25
t
Y _ 4Y '+ 4Y right rbrace
L =L 2 e2 t + cos
S2 L { Y } _ S Y (0) _ Y'(0) _ 4 Y (0) + 4 L { Y } = L
t
2 e2 t + cos
3S 4 12
-
2
{Y }
( S
_ 4 S + 4) L 25 + 25 + 25
2 S
= S2 + 2
S +1
2 S 3 S16
(S 2)2
L {Y }
= S2 + 2
S +1 + 25
S2
Y (t) = 2 S
+ 2 +
3 S16
S2 S + 1 25
1
L
t
Y (t) = sin
2 2t
2 2t 3 t e 3 e2 t
t e + +
5 25
SESIRE DE FOURIER
PROBLEMA
intervalo
<_ ; > Y f ( t +2 ) =f ( t )
La serie de Fourier de la funcin f se
expresa:
( n Wt )
an cos (n Wt)+b n sin
a0
f ( x ) = +
2 n=1
T
2
2 2
an
= T
f ( t ) cos (n Wt)dt
T
, donde
W
= T =1
2
1
an
=
t 2 cos ( nt ) dt
nt
nt nt
2
t sin 4 cos (n )
an
=
+
2t cos -
2 sin
= n2
1
{
4
, n impar
an = n
2
4(1)n
an
4
,n par = n2
n2
f ( t ) sin ( n Wt)dt
T
2
bn
= 2
T
T
2
t 2 sin( n t )dt
bn
= 1
nt
nt nt
t 2 cos
bn
=
+
2t cos -
2t sin
=0
1
( n Wt )
an cos (n Wt)+b n sin
a0
f ( t )= +
2 n=1
n
2 4(1)
f ( t )= +4 cos ( nt )
3 n=1 n2
PROBLEMA
Ut'(x; 0)= 0
; U(x; 0)= f (x)
2 2
u u
2
=k 2 2
t x
Por el mtodo de separacin de variables
U(x; t)=X.T (1)
2
X } over {X} = {T 2
XT" = k TX" k2T =
X X
2
X"+ X = 0 X=A
cos sin
k t k t
2 2
T"+ k T = 0 T= C
cos sin
Reemplazando en (1)
k t X
U(x; t)= k t X
C cos A cos
L
k0
U (L; t) = 0 =0
k0
C cos
B sin
L
=0 L =n
sin
n
=
L
X
k t
0
Ut'(x; 0)= =0
k t
C k cos
B sin
D=0
Entonces:
k t X
U(x; t)= k t X
C cos A cos
n n
X k t X k t
B L L
U(x; t)= sin
C cos
=E
sin cos
n
X
f (x) f (x) L
Como U(x; 0)= =E
sin
n
X
L
2
U(x; 0) = En sin W= L = T T=2 L
n=1
L
1 nx
En
=
L L
f ( x ) sin(
L
)dx
n
X
L
n
k t
L
[ ]
L
1
f ( x ) sin ( nx
L L L
)dx sin
U ( x t ) =
n=1
TRNASFORMADA DE LAPLACE
PROBLEMA
Condicin:
Y(o)=1 ; Y'(0)= 5
2 1
_
2
{Y }
( S
_ 3 S + 2) L s = S+ 4
1+( S+2)(S +4 )
L {Y }
= 2
(S +4 )(S 3 S+2)
1 16 25
L {Y }
= 30 (S +4 ) + +
5 (S1) 6(S+ 4)
e4 t 16 et 25 e2 t
Y (t) = 30
5
+
6