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ElectricalLoadClassificationandTypesPartTwo~ElectricalKnowhow
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ElectricalLoadClassificationandTypesPartTwo
In the previous topic, Electrical Load Classification and Types Part One, I listed all the Electrical Load
Classifications and Types and today I will begin to explain each electrical load type in more detail.
1Electrical Load ClassificationAccording To Load Nature (1)
Electrical Loads can be classified according to the nature of the load as follows:
Resistive Electrical Loads
Capacitive Electrical Loads
Inductive Electrical Loads
Combination Electrical Loads
1 Resistive Electrical Loads:
The Resistive Electrical Loads naturally resist the flow of electricity through it by converting some of this
electrical energy into heat (thermal energy) , the result will be a drop in the amount of electrical energy ELECTRICA
transferred through it.
Examples for Resistive Electrical Loads: ElectricalCalcu
(3)OnlineCalc
a Incandescent light bulbs: forNeedfor
An incandescent light bulb produces light by passing an electric current through a filament in a vacuum. The
resistance of the filament causes it to heat up and the electrical energy is converted to light energy. NFPA780Sim
b Electric heaters:
Electric heaters work in the same way, its resistance convert the electrical energy to thermal energy (heat) IEC623052
and they may produce little, if any, light.
Characteristics of Resistive Electrical Loads:(see fig.1) ExcelSpreads
SystemDesig
Resistance (R) is measured in ohms.
The electrical current and the voltage in a resistive load are said to be "in phase" with each Electrician2
other. As voltage rises or falls, the current also rises and falls with it.
As the voltage and current are in phase, the power factor is in unity.
LorescoOnline
Resistive loads not having any significant inrush current. When a resistive load is energized, the
current rises instantly to its steadystate value, without first rising to a higher value.
LPIOnlineE
ExcelSprea
systemDesig
(5)nos.Exce
VoltageD
(8)nos.On
1/5
5/21/2017 ElectricalLoadClassificationandTypesPartTwo~ElectricalKnowhow
ElectricalDem
forNonD
ELECTRICALBOOKS
ElectricalL
DwellingUnits

ElectricalBooks&DesignGuides
ElectricalL
DwellingUnits
CodeofPracticeforEnergy
EfficiencyofElectricalInstallations

VisualInterior
Guideforelectricaldesignengineers

TheLighting
MaintenanceManager'sGuideto fig (1): Characteristics of Resistive Electrical Loads
PowerQuality

PowerQuality&UtilizationGuide
EngineApplicationandInstallation
Guide
LiquidCooledGensetApplication
Manual
GELightingAs
2 Capacitive Electrical Loads
SiemensSel
A capacitor stores electrical energy. Two conductive surfaces are separated by a nonconductive insulator.
SelectiveCo
When an electrical current is applied to a capacitor, electrons from the current gather on the plate
attached to the terminal to which the electric current is applied. When the current is removed, the
electrons will to flow back through the circuit to reach the other terminal of the capacitor. Selectivecoord

MVDesign&TechnicalGuide
MVApplicationcatalogue
ElectricalandTrafficEngineering
Manual
Examples for Capacitive Electrical Loads:
PowerFact
Capacitors are used in electric motors, radio circuits, power supplies and many other circuits.
AccuSine
Characteristics of Capacitive Electrical Loads:(see fig.2)

ELECTRICALSOFTWARE
ElectricalSoftwarePrograms
RiesgoSoftwareForPerformingThe
RiskAssessmentStudy
NEMAMot
The capability of a capacitor to store electrical energy is called capacitance (C). The main unit
of measure is the farad, but most capacitors are measured in microfarads.
The current leads the voltage of a capacitor. The voltage across the terminals starts out at zero
TransformerH
volts while the current is at its maximum. As the charge builds on the capacitors plate, the
voltage rises and the current falls. As a capacitor discharges, the current rises as the voltage
falls. Transformer
The current waveform is leading the voltage waveform; therefore, the voltage peaks and
current peaks are not in phase. The amount of phase delay is given by the cosine of the angel
GETransfor
(Cos) between the vectors representing voltage and current.

StrikeRiskV5.0forperformingthe
RiskAssessmentStudy
InternalL

RAPALSoftwareforperformingthe
RiskAssessmentStudy
SiemensL

EricoGEMSoftwareProgramfor
EarthingCalculations
GEFixture

VisualProfessionalEditionSoftware
(6)PrinttheResultsbyUsingthe
PrintEditor

VisualProfessionalEditionSoftware
(5)InsertingCalculationPlanes Residential
fig (2): Characteristics of Capacitive Electrical Loads Spreadsh

VisualProfessionalEditionSoftware
(4)InsertingLuminaires Residentia

3 Inductive Electrical Loads

VisualProfessionalEditionSoftware
(3)StartingSteps Residentia

VisualProfessionalEditionSoftware
(2)CheckingtheDefaultSettings
VisualProfessionalEditionSoftware
(1)UnderstandingtheProgram
Interface
An inductor may be any conductive material. When a changing current passes through an inductor, it
induces a magnetic field around itself. Turning the inductor into a coil increases the magnetic field. A
SiemensVolta
similar principal occurs when a conductor is placed within a changing magnetic field. The magnetic field
induces an electrical current within the conductor.
Examples for Inductive Electrical Loads: IECMoto

CalcuLuxSoftware(1)MainWindow
andBarMenus
Examples of inductive loads include transformers, electric motors and coils. Two sets of magnetic fields in
an electric motor oppose each other, forcing the motor's shaft to spin.

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5/21/2017
CalcuLuxSoftware(2)CheckingThe
DefaultSettings
CalcuLuxSoftware(3)Examplefor
LigthingdesignofanOffice
CalcuLuxSoftwarePartFour
ElectricalLoadClassificationandTypesPartTwo~ElectricalKnowhow
A transformer has two inductors, a primary and a secondary. The magnetic field in the primary winding (4)DifferentM
induces an electric current in the secondary winding. LightningPro
A coil stores energy in the magnetic field it induces when a changing current passes through it and releases (6)DifferentM
the energy when the current is removed.
Characteristics of Inductive Electrical Loads:(see fig.3) (8)differentMe

CalcuLuxSoftwarePartFive
CalcuLuxSoftwarePartSix
CalcuLuxSoftwarePartSeven
IDSpecSoftware
DIALuxLightingSoftwareProgram
BlueVersion
DIALuxLightingSoftwareProgram
RedVersion
Inductance (L) is measured in henries.
ConductorAma
The changing voltage and current in an inductor are out of phase. As current rises to a UsingNEC
maximum, the voltage falls.
The current waveform is lagging behind the voltage waveform, therefore, the voltage peaks and ConductorAmp
current peaks are not in phase. The amount of phase delay is given by the cosine of the angel UsingNE
(Cos) between the vectors representing voltage and current.
Locatingo
Inductive load pulls a large amount of current (an inrush current) when first energized. After a
Protection
few cycles or seconds the current "settles down" to the fullload running current.
The time required for the current to "settle down" depends on the frequency or/and the HowtoSele
inductance value of the Inductive load.
Selectingthe
Protectionfor
SizingOvercurr

DIALuxIndoorLightingCalculations
MenuOptions
CalculationofT

ElectricalDem
HOWTO
forNonD

WriteTechnicalSpecificationsfor
ElectricalDem
LightningProtectionSystems
byNECS
fig (3): Characteristics of Inductive Electrical Loads
DetermineTheNumberOfDown
ElectricalDem
ConductorsofLPS

PerformNeedforLightningProtection
(12)Calculatio
Calculationsby(4)DifferentMethods
4 Combination Electrical Loads

PerformGroundingCalculationsby
(6)DifferentMethods ElectricalDes
Examples for Combination Electrical Loads:

SizeEarthingConductorsUsingNEC
Tables ElectricalDes
a Cable and Conductors
All conductors have some resistance under normal conditions and also exhibit inductive and capacitive
SizeEarthingConductorsUsingBS
7671 influences, but these small influences are generally dismissed for practical purposes. ElectricalLoa

b Radio Tuning Circuit

SelecttheBestEarthingSystem
CalculateVoltageDropasperU.S.
andEuropeanMethods
UseNECAnnexBTablesin
ConductorAmpacityCalculations
PerformConductorAmpacity
CalculationsUsingNECunder
EngineeringSupervisionMethod
PerformConductorAmpacity
CalculationsUsingNECSection
310.15Tables
The tuning circuit of a radio uses variable inductors or capacitors in combination with a resistor to filter out ElectricalLoad
a range of frequencies while allowing just one narrow band to pass through to the rest of the circuit.
ElectricalLoad
c Cathode Ray Tube
A cathode ray tube in a monitor or television makes use of inductors, resistors and the inherent
capacitance of the tube to control and display a picture on the phosphor coatings of the tube.
ElectricalLoad
d Motors
Single phase motors often use capacitors to aid the motor during starting and running. The start capacitor
SingleLineD
provides an additional phase of voltage to the motor since it shifts the current and voltage out of phase
with each other.
Howtowrite
Characteristics of Combination Electrical Loads:(see fig.4)

The phase angle, , may be positive or negative depending on whether the overall voltage (the sum of the
SizeOvercurrentProtectionDevices ElectricalD
voltage phasors) leads or lags the current in the circuit (which is the same everywhere).

CalculatetheTotalDemandElectrical ElectricalDes
LoadforNonDwellingBuildings

CalculateElectricalDemandLoadfor ElectricalDes
DwellingBuildingsasperNEC
OptionalMethod

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5/21/2017 ElectricalLoadClassificationandTypesPartTwo~ElectricalKnowhow

CalculateElectricalDemandLoadfor ElectricalDes
DwellingBuildingsasperNEC
StandardMethod
ChecklistforE
Calculategeneralusereceptacles
loadinadwellingunit

CalculateMaximumPermissible
NumberOfLightingFixturesOnA
GeneralLightingBranchCircuit ELECTRIC

CalculateTrackLightingLoad

CalculateTheMinimumNumberOf
GeneralLightingBranchCircuitsFor ChecklistforE
AnyBuilding

CalculateGeneralLightingBranch fig (4): Characteristics of Combination Electrical Loads

CircuitLoadForAnyBuilding ChecklistforLiq

CalculateSignAndOutlineBranch
CircuitsLoad You can also review the previous Topic, General Basics of Electricity for more information about these ChecklistsforH
types of electrical loads.
CalculateShowWindowLighting
Load Checklistsfor
Commissioning
CalculateTheMinimumnumberof In the next topic, I will continue explaining Other Types of Electrical Loads. So, please keep following.
receptaclebranchcircuitsforbankor
officebuildings

CalculatetheMaximumallowable
numberofreceptaclesonabranch Youmightalsolike:
circuitinadwellingunit

EstimatePreliminaryLoadByUsing
AreaMethod

EstimatePreliminaryLoadByUsing
TheBuildingAreaMethod OnLineE
ElectricalLoad ElectricalLoad ElectricalLoad ElevatorsTypes ResidentialLoad
Classificationand Classificationand Classificationand andClassification Calculations
EstimatePreliminaryLoadByUsing
TypesPartThree TypesPartFour Types PartOne SpreadsheetPart CourseLigh
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AreaMethod) ProtectionS
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DesignOutdoorLightingByUsing
IsoluxDiagramMethod CourseLightn
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