According journal of DU Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation, suggested calculation of GSM of paper her the

journal. GSM refers to the quality of paper. 1% pulp solution in water was put in a fibre disintegrator. After disintegration, the pulp
was mixed with water to make a stock solution that was continuously wobbled with pressure so as to make the pulp more uniform
(Sangeeta Pandita, 2015) . From this stock solution 1 L of solution was taken and put in the ring maker machine. The ring maker
machine consists of a cylindrical portion with a mesh present at the bottom. Due to gravitational force as water comes down, fibres get
entangled with one another and give a circular sheet which is dried and GSM calculated for the sheet. The limitation in this process is
to ensures that vat is firmly held and dipped in water for upward and downward motion to avoid having quality problems in the paper
produced (Sangeeta Pandita, 2015) .

According to Lakhan Singh, Dr. Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay, Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT, Agartala (2013),
today banana stem is used as a source of raw material for preparation of a paper pulp. This pulp is used to prepare different types of
paper such as tissue, bloating, tracing and writing printing paper. Banana stems are easily available and cultivates in large scale at the
North Eastern (NE) region of India. After harvesting, the farmer cuts the banana trees and throws away enormous amount of these
stems into the fields because after harvesting the fruit, there is no significant use of banana trees. Constructing a tissue paper through
the banana stem will be good for farmers because after harvesting the fruit there is no use of this but using the banana stem for the
production of tissue paper will help the farmers get some money and will increase their interest in culminating banana crops . It is
required to observe several properties of the paper pulp and paper such as strength ,tear factor, burst factor, tensile
strength, smoothness, formation, brightness and air permeability of the paper since it may cause limitation to the process of making
paper and theres chances to inaccurate production of paper ( Lakhan Singh, Dr. Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay, 2013)

According to International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research. For kraft pulping, the cooking liquor to be prepared
chemicals must be taken in right proportions so that effective cooking would happen. Kraft pulping consists of following chemicals-
NaOH, Na2SO4, and Na2CO3. These three chemicals must combine to give total of 12.5% by weight solution. The limitation in this
process is do not use steam as heating source. If heat is continuously supplied the water present in the cooking liquor evaporates there
by initial concentration of the cooking liquor is varied. To bring back the concentration to initial we add water up to the marked level
in the beaker. This is taken care of throughout the process of digesting (Y N Ramgopal, M Reshma Chowdary, V Chaitanya, 2016).
 According to journal article Pulp and Paper Production from Nigerian Pineapple Leaves and Corn Straw as Substitute to Wood
Source 2015 , the Paper characterization method was done using a Universal Testometric Machine to determine the grammage, tensile
strength, tear index, thickness, modulus of elasticity and elongation at break . the surface morphological observation carried out to in
both pineapple leaves and corn straw and were observed under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study its fibre morphogical
properties. The SEM analysis reveals the microscopic structure of the material (D. O. Ekhuemelo, S. A. Oluwalana, and A.C.
Adetogun ,2006)

According to Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegration, it is discovered that past over the years, various attempts to utilize
peanut shells have been made. Small fractions were incorporated into animal feed, especially for cattle, while some authors have
experimented on their use as dietary fiber for humans. Other non-food research trials include uses in pulp production, feedstock for
bioethanol production, particle board component, mulch and activated charcoal. However, the major drawback to their use in large
scale industrial operations is the high lignin content. Much like other agricultural lignocellulolysic biomass, peanut shells are
composed mainly of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Lignin, a complex polymer, is the most recalcitrant component of plant
biomass and binds tightly to, and provides a physical seal around, cellulose and hemicellulose thereby protecting them against attack
by hydrolytic enzymes (Anik,FN Yusuff, 2016).
No Journal Title Author Main Research Methods Findings Limitation/Ga Referenc
Objective p es

1. DU Journal of Sangeeta Pandita*, objective of studying 1.Removal of Calculation of Thoroughly Issue 3 pp

Undergraduat Use of Babeeta Kaula, the feasibility of non-cellulosic GSM of paper mixed pulp 169-179,
e Research Weeds and Sarita Passey making handmade part was put in a 2015
and Agro-Based sangeetapandita@g paper from non-wood sink having
Innovation Raw mail.com, Zakir lignocellulosic raw 2. Digestion of greater
Materials Husain Delhi materials and agro raw materials dimensions
and their College, University wastes such as 3. Bio-pulping than that of
Blends for of Delhi, New bagasse, rice straw deckle. This
Handmade Delhi and wheat straw ensures that
Paper vat is firmly
Making held and
dipped in
water for
upward and
downward
motion.
2. International Lakhan Singh, Dr. The objective of the 1.Pulping After Observe ISSN
Journal of Handmade Tarun Kanti banana stem is used as process by harvesting of the several 2229-5518
Scientific & paper from Bandyopadhyay, a waste product and Kraft process fruits procured as properties of
Engineering banana stem Department of used in domestic raw material and the paper pulp
Research, Chemical cooking purpose. 2.Reactions of is then that and paper such
Engineering, NIT, Mainly chemical sulfide process banana stem cuts as strength
Agartala process is used to in the digester into small pieces. ,tear factor,
collect the cellulose After that small burst factor,
from the lignin. pieces of banana tensile
stem drying in the strength, smoot
sun up to 90% hness,
drying of the formation,
banana stem brightness and
air
permeability of
the paper.

3. International A Study on Y N Ramgopal, M Groundnut shells may 1.Krafts 1.Kraft pulping Do not use ISSN
Journal of Production Reshma Chowdary, serve partly as an Pulping consists of steam as 2229-5518
Scientific & of Pulp V Chaitanya alternative resource. following heating source.
Engineering from This is a produced 2.Soda Pulping chemicals-NaOH,
Research, Ground Nut pulp from waste Na2SO4, and
Shells groundnut shells using Na2CO3.
Krafts process and 2. In soda pulping
Soda process, and also process, 20% by
analyse the both weight solution of
process based on their NaOH is required
yield and energy as cooking liquor.
consumption
4. International Pulp and Dr. Mrs Aremu The objective is to 1.Paper 1.Paper Pineapple leaf ISSN:
Research Paper ,Senior Lecturer investigating the characterization characterization was found to 2395-
Journal of Production and currently the suitability of was done using a have lower ash 0056
Engineering from Head of pineapple leaves and 2.Surface Universal content (1.2%)
and Nigerian Department of the corn straw in pulp and morphological Testometric than corn straw
Technology Pineapple Department of papermaking. observation Machine (14.9%).
(IRJET) Leaves and Chemical 2.both pineapple
Corn Straw Engineering, leaves and corn
as Ladoke Akintola straw were
Substitute to University of observed under
Wood Technology, Scanning
Source Ogbomoso, Oyo Electron
state, Nigeria Microscope
(SEM)
5. Journal Co Anik,FN Yusuff To find out the 1.Strain and For the liquid Did not DOI:10.4
study on substracti ,Department of product of inoculum inoculum analyse the 172/2155
process of ng of Natural groundnut shell preparation ,actively amount if 6199.100
Bioremediat groundnut Resources and from growing substracting 0327
ion and shell Environmental biodegradation 2.Substrates mycelia was groundnut
Biodegratio enhances Design, SAES, and homogenized shell.
n biodegrad North Carolina experimental with 200 ml of
ation A&T State design sterile water
University,
Greensboro, 3.Sample
North Carolina, analysis
USA