Professional Documents
Culture Documents
VOLUMUL XXXIII
Coordonatori
Instituii organizatoare
Retrospectiv
Turismul rural romnesc n context european
Turismul rural i ecoturismul. Abordri teoretice
Coordonatori
Teodor PDURARU Georgiana TACU Dnu UNGUREANU
Ion TALAB
IAI - 2014
Foto copert: Ctlin Dumitrescu
Editura TEHNOPRESS
Str. Pinului nr. 1A
700109 Iai
Tel./fax: 0232 260092
E-mail: tehnopress@yahoo.com
http://www.tehnopress.ro
Editur acreditat CNCSIS
I. Pduraru, Teodor
II. Tacu, Georgiana
III. Ungureanu, Dnu
IV. Talab, Ion
338.48(498-22)(063)
796.5(498-22)(063)
Retrospectiv
Turismul rural romnesc n context european
Turismul rural i ecoturismul. Abordri teoretice
CAPITOLUL I
RETROSPECTIV
1.1. TURISMUL RURAL ROMNESC 16 ANI DE CERCETRI, REALIZRI
I NEMPLINIRI (Ion TALAB, Raluca Maria APETREI) .................................. .....9
CAPITOLUL II
TURISMUL RURAL ROMNESC N CONTEXT EUROPEAN
2.1. TURISMUL I DEZVOLTAREA RURAL O ABORDARE DIN
PERSPECTIV EUROPEAN (Laura MARCU) .....................................................23
2.2. PERSPECTIVE PRIVIND INTEGRAREA TURISMULUI RURAL ROMNESC
N CADRUL PIEEI TURISTICE EUROPENE DURABILE (Graiela BRNZ) .........33
2.3. IMPACTUL MSURII 313 NCURAJAREA ACTIVITILOR TURISTICE
DIN CADRUL PROGRAMULUI NAIONAL DE DEZVOLTARE RURAL
2007-2013 ASUPRA DEZVOLTRII COMUNITILOR RURALE
DIN ZONA MONTAN (Dnu UNGUREANU) ...................................................43
2.4. INOVAIE N TURISMUL RURAL: INRUTOU, UN PROIECT
INTERNAIONAL COMPLEX, CU INSTRUMENTE INOVATOARE PENTRU
DEZVOLTAREA DURABIL A TURISMULUI RURAL N ZONELE MONTANE
(Dnu UNGUREANU, Adrian-Radu REY, Andrei COCA,
Christian MAURER, Christian BAUMGARTNER, Tamara MITROFANENKO,
Lena Marie LUN) ..............................................................................................71
2.5. EFECTELE CRIZEI ECONOMICO-FINANCIARE ASUPRA FIRMELOR DE
TURISM DIN MEDIUL RURAL (Gabriela BOLDUREANU,
Daniel BOLDUREANU, Teodor PDURARU) .....................................................81
2.6. EFECTE ALE CRIZEI ECONOMICE MONDIALE ASUPRA
DURABILITII TURISMULUI DIN MEDIUL RURAL (Costic MIHAI,
Alexandru TOFAN) ...........................................................................................89
2.7. TURISMUL RURAL GERMAN (Ion MRGINEANU) ...................................101
2.8. OFERTELE TURISTICE ALE FERMELOR RURALE DIN REGIUNEA
CERNUI (Klavdiya KILINSKA, Tetiana SKUTAR) ...........................................107
2.9. IMPACTUL ACORDULUI DE ASOCIERE ASUPRA DEZVOLTRII
TURISMULUI N REPUBLICA MOLDOVA (Simion CERTAN, Ion CERTAN) ........115
CAPITOLUL III
TURISMUL RURAL I ECOTURISMUL. ABORDRI TEORETICE
3.1. INTERCULTURALITATE N TURISMUL RURAL DIN ROMNIA
(Valentin NI, Cristina-Elena ALBU) .............................................................135
3.2. SATUL TURISTIC, O MARC PENTRU TURISMUL RURAL ROMNESC
(Vasile GLVAN, Virgil NICULA) .....................................................................155
3.3. AGROTURISMUL DE LA TEORIE LA PRACTIC. UN URIA
POTENIAL DE DEZVOLTARE DURABIL A ROMNIEI PE TERMEN LUNG
(Iuliana ANTONIE, Traian MANOLE) ...............................................................167
3.4. TURISM RURAL I AGROTURISM, DE LA TEORIE LA PRACTIC.
CONSECINE SOCIO-ECONOMICE I ECOLOGICE (Virgil NICULA,
Vasile GLVAN, Adriana VINEAN) ................................................................179
3.5. INTERFERENE DURABILE FAVORABILE DEZVOLTRII
ECOTURISMULUI (Vasile AVDNEI, Lidia AVDNEI,
Camelia TEFANACHE, Doina DNIL, Carmen NSTASE, Lazr LATU) .........189
3.6. ECOAGRICULTURA I DEZVOLTAREA RURAL (Alexandru TRIFU,
Mariana Laura TEODORESCU) .......................................................................209
ROMANIAN RURAL TOURISM
IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
PRESENT AND PROSPECTS
Retrospective
Romanian rural tourism in European context
Rural tourism and ecotourism. Theoretical approaches
CHAPTER I
RETROSPECTIVE
1.1. ROMANIAN RURAL TOURISM 16 YEARS OF RESEARCH,
ACHIEVEMENTS AND DISSATISFACTIONS (Ion TALAB,
Raluca Maria APETREI) .......................................................................................9
CHAPTER II
ROMANIAN RURAL TOURISM IN EUROPEAN CONTEXT
2.1. TURISM AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
APPROACH (Laura MARCU) .............................................................................23
2.2. PERSPECTIVES ON ROMANIAN RURAL TOURISM INTEGRATION
INTO THE SUSTAINABLE EUROPEAN TOURISM MARKET
(Graiela BRNZ) ............................................................................................33
2.3. THE IMPACT OF MEASURE 313 ENCOURAGING TOURISM
ACTIVITES UNDER THE NATIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
2007-2013 UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNITIES FROM
MOUNTAIN AREAS (Dnu UNGUREANU) 43
2.4. INNOVATION IN RURAL TOURISM: INRUTOU, A COMPLEX
INTERNATIONAL PROJECT WITH INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM IN MOUNTAIN AREAS
(Dnu UNGUREANU, Adrian-Radu REY, Andrei COCA,
Christian MAURER, Christian BAUMGARTNER, Tamara MITROFANENKO,
Lena Marie LUN) .71
2.5. THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL-ECONOMIC CRISIS UPON
RURAL TOURISM COMPANIES (Gabriela BOLDUREANU,
Daniel BOLDUREANU, Teodor PDURARU) .....................................................81
2.6. EFFECTS OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS ON THE SUSTAINABILITY
OF RURAL TOURISM (Costic MIHAI, Alexandru TOFAN) ..86
2.7 RURAL TOURISM IN GERMANY (Ion MRGINEANU) .101
2.8. RURAL HOMESTEADS OFFERS FOR TOURISTS IN
THE CHERNIVTSI REGION (Klavdiya KILINSKA, Tetiana SKUTAR) 107
2.9. THE IMPACT OF ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT UPON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
(Simion CERTAN, Ion CERTAN) .......................................................................115
CHAPER III
RURAL TOURISM AND ECOTOURISM. THEORETICAL APPROACHES
3.1. INTERCULTURALITY OF RURAL TOURISM IN ROMANIA
(Valentin NI, Cristina-Elena ALBU) .135
3.2. TOURIST VILLAGE: A BRAND FOR ROMANIAN RURAL TOURISM
(Vasile GLVAN, Virgil NICULA) .155
3.3. AGRITOURISM: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE. A HUGE
LONG TERM POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANIA (Iuliana ANTONIE, Traian MANOLE) .167
3.4. RURAL TOURISM AND AGRITOURISM: FROM THEORY
TO PRACTICE. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
(Virgil NICULA, Vasile GLVAN, Adriana VINEAN) .179
3.5. SUSTAINABLE INTERFERENCES FAVOURABLE
TO ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT (Vasile AVDNEI, Lidia AVDNEI,
Camelia TEFANACHE, Doina DNIL, Carmen NSTASE, Lazr LATU) .189
3.6. ECOAGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
(Alexandru TRIFU, Mariana Laura TEODORESCU) .209
CAPITOLUL I
RETROSPECTIV
RETROSPECTIVE
Ion TALAB1
Raluca Maria APETREI2
Abstract
The authors will highlight, on one hand, the advances and results of rural tourism
scientific approach in Romania after 1990 and, on the other hand, the inherent failures and
dissatisfactions. Also, we will focus on certain strategies that could be useful for the
sustainable development of Romanian rural tourism.
Key words: rural tourism, research, achievement, dissatisfaction, strategy
JEL: Q01
1. Introducere
Luna lui florar a ultimilor 16 ani a devenit un moment de referin
pentru o bun parte dintre pasionaii turismului n general, al celui montan
n particular, cu piscurile i splendoarea lui, i cu precdere al celui rural:
oameni cu dragoste de neam i ar i cu o vibraie aparte fa de universul
rural particip, an de an, la seria de conferine internaionale Turismul rural
romnesc n contextul dezvoltrii durabile. Actualitate i perspective.
Nu ntmpltor conferina, ajuns la a XVI-a ediie, i desfoar
lucrrile n inima uneia dintre cele mai frumoase, mai preuite i mai
cunoscute zone ale Romniei, mult ospitaliera i dulcea Bucovin.
1
Cercet. t. pr. I dr., Institutul de Cercetri Economice i Sociale Gh. Zane al Academiei
Romne - Filiala Iai, ion.talaba@yahoo.com
2
Inginer de telecomunicaii
9
Ion TALAB, Raluca Maria APETREI
10
Romanian rural tourism 16 years of research, achievements and dissatisfactions
11
Ion TALAB, Raluca Maria APETREI
Deloc ntmpltor, s-a ales una dintre cele mai potrivite zone cu
putin: Bucovina, spaiu cu o experien extraordinar n practica
turismului rural, cu oameni aparte prin atitudini i inut.
Rememorm astzi cu mare bucurie figurile luminoase, purttoare
de nelepciune, ale iniiatorilor acestui demers, din rndul crora reinem:
prof. univ. dr. Alecsandru Puiu Tacu, director al Institutului de Cercetri
Economice Gh. Zane, Iai, prof. univ. dr. Vasile Glvan, director al
Institutului Naional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare n Turism, Bucureti, prof.
univ. dr. Romulus Vancea, decan al Facultii de tiine Economice,
Universitatea tefan cel Mare din Suceava i prof. univ. dr. Aurel Burciu,
prorector al Universitii tefan cel Mare din Suceava. Al. P. Tacu i R.
Vancea nu mai sunt, astzi, printre noi.
Din analiza organizrii i desfurrii ediiilor conferinei reiese
existena a dou etape:
a) etapa iniial, ediiile 1999-2005, cu locaii n Cmpulung
Moldovenesc i Suceava, avnd ca organizatori Institutul de Cercetri
Economice i Sociale Gh. Zane Filiala Iai a Academiei Romne,
Institutul Naional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare n Turism, Bucureti i
Universitatea tefan cel Mare din Suceava;
b) etapa de consolidare i afirmare, cu locaie la Vatra Dornei, cu
unele modificri n rndul organizatorilor, n sensul c n locul Universitii
tefan cel Mare din Suceava a aprut Centrul de Formare i Inovaie
pentru Dezvoltare n Carpai, Vatra Dornei i Asociaia Naional de Turism
Rural, Ecologic i Cultural, Bucureti.
Ambele etape au beneficiat de contribuia unor instituii definitorii
pentru turismul rural romnesc, precum INCDT, ANTREC, CEFIDEC Vatra
Dornei, ICES Gh. Zane. n cadrul acesteia din urm, un colectiv restrns
de cercettori (3-5) i-au concentrat atenia asupra turismului rural i au
contribuit esenial la reuita aciunii.
Conferina, de anvergur internaional, a reunit cercettori i
cadre didactice universitare din 7 ri: Austria, Bulgaria, Croaia, Frana,
Italia, Moldova i Ucraina. Participani fideli au fost, de pild, Tamara
Mitrofanenko (Austria), Simion Certan, Elena Fuior, Alexandru Gribincea,
Svetlana Gorobievski, Valentina Postolachi, (Moldova), Serhii Hakman
(Ucraina) i alii.
12
Romanian rural tourism 16 years of research, achievements and dissatisfactions
3
Universitatea tefan cel Mare din Suceava
4
Institutul de Cercetri Economice i Sociale Gh. Zane - Filiala Iai a Academiei Romne
5
Institutul Naional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare n Turism, Bucureti
6
Asociaia Naional de Turism Rural, Ecologic i Cultural
13
Ion TALAB, Raluca Maria APETREI
7
VIII 2006 CEFIDEC , 90 78 ICES Gh. Zane; Satul turistic
Vatra Dornei INCDT; CEFIDEC Ciocneti
Vatra Dornei;
ANTREC Bucovina
IX 2007 CEFIDEC, 107 106 ICES Gh. Zane; Satul turistic
Vatra Dornei INCDT; CEFIDEC Poiana Negrii
Vatra Dornei;
ANTREC Bucovina
X 2008 CEFIDEC, 110 98 ICES Gh. Zane; Satul turistic
8
Vatra Dornei INCDT; MADR ; aru Dornei
CEFIDEC Vatra
Dornei; ANTREC
Bucureti
XI 2009 CEFIDEC, 102 81 ICES Gh. Zane; Satul turisitc
Vatra Dornei INCDT; MADR; Sadova
CEFIDEC
Vatra Dornei
XII 2010 CEFIDEC, 125 101 ICES Gh. Zane; Satul turistic
Vatra Dornei INCDT; MADR; Drgoiasa,
Universitatea L. Panaci
Blaga Sibiu;
ANTREC Bucovina
XIII 2011 Sediul MADR, 95 81 ICES Gh. Zane; Satul turistic
fostul CEFIDEC, MADR; INCDT; Poiana
Vatra Dornei ANTREC Bucovina; Stampei
Primria Vatra
Dornei
XIV 2012 Sediul MADR, 90 71 ICES Gh. Zane; Satul turistic
fostul CEFIDEC, MADR; INCDT; Dorna Arini
Vatra Dornei Consiliul Judeean
Suceava; ANTREC
Bucovina; Primria
Vatra Dornei; AGER
Iai
XV 2013 Sediul MADR, 118 96 ICES Gh. Zane; Stna
fostul CEFIDEC, MADR; ANTREC turistic
Vatra Dornei Bucovina, Primria Dealul Negru
Vatra Dornei
Sursa: Date prelucrate de autori dup programele i volumele celor 15 ediii ale
conferinei
7
Centrul de Formare i Inovaie pentru Dezvoltare n Carpai
8
Ministerul Agriculturii i Dezvoltrii Rurale
14
Romanian rural tourism 16 years of research, achievements and dissatisfactions
15
Ion TALAB, Raluca Maria APETREI
16
Romanian rural tourism 16 years of research, achievements and dissatisfactions
7. n loc de concluzii
Prezentarea de fa a ncercat s creioneze cteva dintre aspectele
pe care seria de conferine tiinifice internaioanle cu tema Turismul rural
17
Ion TALAB, Raluca Maria APETREI
9
n pofida temerii unor sceptici care sugerau c tematica nu ar fi suficient de generoas
spre a permite abordri inepuizabile.
18
Romanian rural tourism 16 years of research, achievements and dissatisfactions
19
Ion TALAB, Raluca Maria APETREI
20
Romanian rural tourism 16 years of research, achievements and dissatisfactions
Bibliografie
1. Talab, I.; Apetrei, R. M., Turismul rural romnesc 10 ani de
analize i cercetri tiinifice, Turismul rural romnesc. Actualitate i
perspective, Performantica, Iai, 2008
2. Programele celor 15 ediii ale conferinei
3. Volumele colective publicate de-a lungul celor 15 ediii ale conferinei
21
CAPITOLUL II
TURISMUL RURAL ROMNESC N CONTEXT EUROPEAN
ROMANIAN RURAL TOURISM IN EUROPEAN CONTEXT
Laura MARCU1
Abstract
The paper highlights the importance of tourism and rural development for the
European policies, to briefly speak about the documents that make it possible for rural
tourism and development to be promoted (from CAP to the strategies needed by a larger
European Union), and to emphasize the representative European initiatives and expriences
in this field.
Key words: tourism, rural development, European policies
JEL: O1, Q00
23
Laura MARCU
24
Turism and rural development: a European perspective approach
25
Laura MARCU
26
Turism and rural development: a European perspective approach
27
Laura MARCU
28
Turism and rural development: a European perspective approach
29
Laura MARCU
4. Concluzii
Prezentarea evoluiei msurilor n domeniul politicii rurale
evideniaz preocuparea constant pentru susinerea zonelor rurale, n
strns legtur cu implicaiile economice, sociale, culturale i de mediu
recunoscute de ctre instituiile europene. Se remarc, de asemenea,
lrgirea sferei de interes a acestor msuri, de la aciuni destinate iniial n
exclusivitate agriculturii i pieei, la cele privind diversificarea activitii n
mediul rural, turismul devenind n acest context o forma de garantare a
dezvoltrii rurale. Nu n ultimul rnd, subliniem preocuparea pentru
susinerea parteneriatelor ntre actorii locali, dar i n cadrul unei cooperri
lrgite, intra-teritoriale sau transnaionale, programul Leader fiind unul
dintre cele mai cunoscute exemple n acest sens.
Pentru perioada actual, politica de dezvoltare rural este
circumscris obiectivelor stabilite prin agenda Europa 2020 i programarea
adoptat pentru intervalul 2014-2020. Suma total alocat acestei politici
este mai mic dect n perioada 2007-2013 cu 1,8% pentru primul pilon i
cu 7,6% pentru cel de-al doilea, ca urmare a contextului economic i
financiar general. Este vorba practic de suma de 362,79 miliarde euro din
care 277,85 pentru pilon 1 i 84,94 miliarde pentru pilonul 2. In ciuda
acestei reduceri sensibile, noul regulament adoptat exprim susinerea de
care se bucur n continuare politica de dezvoltare rural, sumele totale
alocate reprezentnd practic 38% din bugetul pentru perioada 2014-2020.
Dincolo de fondurile prevzute, trebuie notat realizarea unor modificri
semnificative ale politicii respective, cu scopul declarat al creterii
competitivitii i al garantrii unei dezvoltri rurale susinute i durabile.
Noua politic va trebui sa rspund provocrilor multiple exercitate asupra
zonelor rurale, multe dintre ele deja manifestate n perioadele anterioare
(probleme demografice, lipsa diversificrii activitilor, scderea
30
Turism and rural development: a European perspective approach
Bibliografie
1. Lane B., Weston R., Davies N.,Kastenholz E., Lima J., Majewsjki J., Le
tourisme li au patrimoine industriel et le tourisme agricole/rural en
Europe, Parlement Europen, 2013
2. Defarges P. M., Les institutions europennes, Armand Colin, 7me
d., Paris, 2005
3. Mantino F., La rforme de la politique de dveloppement rural de
lUE et les dfis venir, http://www.notre-
europe.eu/media/policypaper_40_fr.pdf?pdf=ok
31
Laura MARCU
32
2.2. PERSPECTIVES ON ROMANIAN RURAL TOURISM
INTEGRATION INTO THE SUSTAINABLE EUROPEAN TOURISM
MARKET
Graiela BRNZ1
Abstract
In recent years rural tourism acquires new dimensions and is required to meet
certain challenges. Thus, it should be regarded as a useful tool for development of tourism
in a country, but also as a benchmark in terms of conservation and protection of natural
resources in a sustainable manner. Regarding the Romanian rural tourism, it still needs to
conduct an intense process of modernization and development. We must find traditional
Romanian identity, to create and implement strategies in order to promote symbols,values
, personalities, landscapes and unique traditions in Europe, rooted in traditional Romanian
village. This paper analyzes European Unions policy in the field of rural development and
rural tourism infrastructure in all Member States of the European Union. Also, it presents
some considerations regarding the place and the role of Romanian rural tourism in a
sustainable European touring space.
Key words: Romanian rural tourism, rural development strategy, sustainable rural
tourism, European Union, rural tourism infrastructure
JEL: L83, O18, Q01
1. Introduction
In the last decades the rural world has faced new challenges.
Historic buildings and traditional rural communities are receiving more
attention, while nature and landscape conservation is increasingly
regarded as essential part of rural societies. Every nation is obliged to
conceive and implement sustainable policies in the area of rural
development. In the framework of these policies rural tourism is one of the
most important instrument to promote hospitality in rural houses, natural
and unique landscapes, rural traditions. Moreover, sustainable rural
tourism is the best way to develop and preserve rural areas in every
country.
1
Lect. univ. dr., Universitatea Maritim din Constana, gratielabranza@gmail.com
33
Graiela BRNZ
34
Perspectives on Romanian rural tourism integration into the sustainable European tourism market
35
Graiela BRNZ
36
Perspectives on Romanian rural tourism integration into the sustainable European tourism market
37
Graiela BRNZ
38
Perspectives on Romanian rural tourism integration into the sustainable European tourism market
South East 71
Macroregion 3 127
South Wallachia 125
Bucharest Ilfov 2
Macroregion 4 159
South West Oltenia 74
West 85
Source: Institutul Naional de Statistic, 2012, Anuarul Statistic al Romniei,
Bucureti, pp. 600
39
Graiela BRNZ
5. Conclusions
Rural tourism could be itself a strategy for sustainable development
of rural areas and an important instrument for product diversification in
these zones. The ideas expressed by Lane regarding a strategy for success
40
Perspectives on Romanian rural tourism integration into the sustainable European tourism market
References
1. Bran, F.; Marin, D.; Simion, T., Turismul rural. Modelul European,
Editura Economic, Bucureti, 1997
2. European Commission, 2012, Rural development in the EU,
Statistical and Economic Information Report 2012, 2012, pp. 257-
260, www.europa.eu
3. Institutul Naional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare n Turism, Strategia
naional de dezvoltare a ecoturismului n Romnia faza I,
Bucureti, 2009, www.incdt.ro
4. Institutul Naional de Statistic, Anuarul Statistic al Romniei,
Bucuresti, 2012, www.insse.ro
5. Lane, B., 2005, Sustainable rural tourism strategies: a tool for
development and conservation, Interamerican Journal of
Environment and Tourism, Vol. 1, 2005, pp. 12-18, www.riat.utalca
6. Mazilu, M.; Dumitrescu, D., 2012, Identity and sustainable
development in rural tourism, Geographical studies and
environment protection research, Vol. XI, 2012, pp. 7-11,
www.forumgeografic.ro
7. OECD, 1994, Tourism strategies and rural development, 1994,
www.oecd.org
8. Sillignakis, K. E., Rural tourism: an opportunity for sustainable
development of rural areas, www.sillignakis.com
41
Graiela BRNZ
42
2.3. THE IMPACT OF MEASURE 313ENCOURAGING TOURISM
ACTIVITES UNDER THE NATIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMME 2007-2013 UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL
COMMUNITIES FROM MOUNTAIN AREAS
Dnu UNGUREANU1
Abstract
During the programming period 2007-2013, the National Rural Development
Program, managed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, has financed, by
Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activities, the development of tourism activities in
rural areas. The micro-enterprises, the individuals (CI, individual enterprises),
municipalities, development associations and NGOs have been the beneficiaries of this
support. They financed investments tourism infrastructure, recreational activities and the
development of tourism services related to rural tourism. An important number of projects
for development of rural tourism have been implemented in the mountain area within this
measure, having a contribution to increasing employment and alternative incomes on one
hand and to increasing the attractiveness of rural mountain areas on the other.
Key words: development program, financing project, specific measures, tourism
activities, rural tourism, mountain areas
JEL: E 60, O20, Q18
1. Introducere
Cu toate c n ultimii ani, turismul rural a nregistrat creteri, s-a
constatat c acesta dei beneficiaz de un potenial considerabil, nu este
suficient exploatat. Este necesar un proces de modernizare, dezvoltare i
inovare pentru turismul romnesc, precum i de creare de servicii turistice
moderne si competitive. Sectorul este afectat deseori de lipsa organizrii,
1
Dr. ing., consilier, Ministerul Agriculturii i Dezvoltrii Rurale Direcia General de
Dezvoltare Rural - Autoritatea de Management pentru Programul Naional de Dezvoltare
Rural; cercet. asociat, Centrul de Economie Montan (CEMONT) al Institutului Naional
de Cercetri Economice Costin C. Kiriescu, Academia Romn, Bucureti,
daunt_u@yahoo.com
43
Dnu UNGUREANU
44
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
45
Dnu UNGUREANU
46
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
47
Dnu UNGUREANU
48
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
49
Dnu UNGUREANU
Total proiecte 3
Din care n zona montan 1
50
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
51
Dnu UNGUREANU
Tabelul 5. Componenta B
Total proiecte 1
Din care n zona montan 1
Sursa: Prelucrare APDRP: http://www.apdrp.ro
52
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
53
Dnu UNGUREANU
54
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
55
Dnu UNGUREANU
56
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
57
Dnu UNGUREANU
58
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
59
Dnu UNGUREANU
60
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
61
Dnu UNGUREANU
62
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
63
Dnu UNGUREANU
64
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
65
Dnu UNGUREANU
66
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
Cea din urm sesiune a Msurii 313 a fost lansat n luna mai 2012.
Au fost selectate un numr de 210 proiecte, din care 117 n localiti rurale
din zona montan. Acestea au fost implementate ntr-un numr de 20
localiti montane. Cele mai multe structuri turistice s-au construit/
modernizat n Braov (23), Suceava (15), Alba (14), Mehedini (11).
Tabelul 24. Componenta B
Total proiecte 146
Din care in zona montana 41
Sursa: Prelucrare APDRP: http://www.apdrp.ro
Investiiile n activiti recreaionale se nmulesc. Dac n sesiunea
2/2008 sau n sesiunea 6/2011 erau cte un singur proiect, n aceast
ultim sesiune sunt selectate 146. Dintre acestea, 41 sunt n localiti
montane. n judeul Harghita sunt 9 proiecte, n Cluj i Braov cte 6,
Covasna i Alba cte 3.
67
Dnu UNGUREANU
68
The impact of Measure 313Encouraging Tourism Activites
4. Concluzii
Prin Msura 313 ncurajarea activitilor turistice din cadrul
Programului Naional de Dezvoltare Rural, gestionat de Ministerul
Agriculturii i Dezvoltrii Rurale s-au finanat investiii n spaiul rural,
menite s dezvolte economia rural, s contribuie la stabilizarea populaiei
i s diminueze problemele sociale. Zona montan a beneficiat astfel de un
sprijin substanial. Conform datelor publicate de ctre Agenia de Pli
pentru Dezvoltare Rural i Pescuit - APDRP, din totalul de 1656 proiecte
69
Dnu UNGUREANU
Bibliografie
1. Ungureanu D., 2011, Programul Naional de Dezvoltare Rural
pilon important n dezvoltarea economico-social a satelor i
sprijinirea activitilor de turism rural n Turismul rural romnesc n
contextul dezvoltrii durabile vol XXII, Iai: Editura Tehnopress
2. http://www.apdrp.ro/
3. http://www.madr.ro/ro/pndr/programul-national-pentru-
dezvoltare-rurala-2007-2013.html
70
2.4. INNOVATION IN RURAL TOURISM: INRUTOU, A
COMPLEX INTERNATIONAL PROJECT WITH INNOVATIVE TOOLS
FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM IN
MOUNTAIN AREAS
Dnu UNGUREANU1
Adrian-Radu REY2
Andrei COCA3
Christian MAURER4
Christian BAUMGARTNER5
Tamara MITROFANENKO6
Lena Marie LUN7
1
Dr. ing., consilier, Ministerul Agriculturii i Dezvoltrii Rurale Direcia General de
Dezvoltare Rural - Autoritatea de Management pentru Programul Naional de Dezvoltare
Rural; cercet. asociat, Centrul de Economie Montan (CEMONT) al Institutului Naional
de Cercetri Economice Costin C. Kiriescu, Academia Romn, Bucureti,
daunt_u@yahoo.com
2
Economist, cercet. asociat, Centrul de Economie Montan (CEMONT) al Institutului
Naional de Cercetri Economice Costin C. Kiriescu, Academia Romn, Bucureti,
radurey@yahoo.com
3
Doctorand, Departamentul de Geografie Uman, Facultatea de Geografie i Geologie,
Universitatea Al. I. Cuza, Iai, coca_and@yahoo.com
4
Prof. univ. dr., IMC Fachhochschule Krems / IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems,
Austria, christian.maurer@fh-krems.ac.at
5
Prof. univ. dr., IMC Fachhochschule Krems / IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems,
Austria, christian.baumgartner@nf-int.org
6
Doctorand, Universitt fr Bodenkultur Wien (BOKU) / University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences; consultant, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Viena,
Austria, Tamara.Mitrofanenko@unvienna.org
7
Cercet. dr., Accademia Europea di Bolzano (EURAC), Italia, lenamarie.lun@eurac.edu
71
D. UNGUREANU, A.-R. REY, A. COCA, C. MAURER, C. BAUMGARTNER, T. MITROFANENKO, L. M. LUN
Abstract
The project InRuTou (Innovation in Rural Tourism) aims to analyze different
mountain pilot areas from Austria, Italy, UK, Switzerland, Poland, Ukraine, Romania. The
project developing and testing a set of tools and innovative models for facilitating the
development of sustainable tourism in rural areas, specifically in mountainous regions, by
fostering a community consultation process, and for training selected opinion leaders to
act as multipliers in enhancing community tourism planning via training existing and new
local tourism operators, with various degrees of experience, professional and educational
background. At the end of the project a platform will be created, in which entities from
those studied regions will have the opportunity to promote their activities and collaborate
with entrepreneurs/similar organizations from other countries. Other important objectives
within the project are the dissemination of best practices and vocational training.
Key words: pilot areas, innovative models, opinion leaders, sustainable tourism,
rural tourism, mountain areas
JEL: O 57 60, Q 10, I 25
1. Introducere
O mare parte din comunitile montane din spaiul rural european
se confrunt cu o serie de fenomene, precum: stagnare economic,
depopulare, migraia tinerilor din mediul rural spre urban, migraia
locuitorilor din rile n curs de dezvoltare spre ri mai dezvoltate
economic, exploatarea resurselor naturale de ctre teri, degradarea
peisajului tradiional sau pierderea de resurse naturale i culturale .a.
Turismul rural deine un rol cheie n dezvoltarea comunitilor
rurale montane. Se constituie ca oportunitate pentru generarea de venituri
i crearea de locuri de munc. Cu toate acestea, comunitile locale sunt
adesea lipsite de ansa unei dezvoltri economice echilibrate, fiind private
de oportunitile de formare corespunztoare. Deseori, lipsa de cunotine
privind antreprenoriatul, managementul, promovarea i valorificarea
resurselor turistice, utilizarea tehnologiilor "New Media" n dezvoltarea
turismului reprezint provocri eseniale. Revoluia digital i-a pus
amprenta i asupra comunicrii n industria turismului, devenind o
component principal n dezvoltarea structurilor turistice funcionale,
care s asigure venituri economice i posibiliti de diversificare a
mijloacelor de subzisten din mediul rural pe termen lung. Asimilarea i
utilizarea cunotinelor tehnologice, a devenit o condiie prealabil pentru
mbuntirea interaciunii i a cooperrii ntre diferii actori i pentru
asigurarea competitivitii pe piaa mondial. Pentru a opera n cadrul
72
Innovation in rural tourism: INRUTOU, a complex international project
Obiectivele proiectului
Prin proiectul In Ru Tou sunt analizate comuniti pilot din
Munii Carpai (Romnia, Polonia i Ucraina), Apenini (Italia) i Waldviertel
(Austria), n vederea identificrii i valorificrii resurselor locale din zonele
rurale respective.
Promovarea atraciilor turistice din zonele pilot prin mijloace
specifice tehnologiei moderne (online, mobile)
Promovarea iniiativelor locale cu ajutorul tehnologiilor New
Media
73
D. UNGUREANU, A.-R. REY, A. COCA, C. MAURER, C. BAUMGARTNER, T. MITROFANENKO, L. M. LUN
74
Innovation in rural tourism: INRUTOU, a complex international project
75
D. UNGUREANU, A.-R. REY, A. COCA, C. MAURER, C. BAUMGARTNER, T. MITROFANENKO, L. M. LUN
76
Innovation in rural tourism: INRUTOU, a complex international project
77
D. UNGUREANU, A.-R. REY, A. COCA, C. MAURER, C. BAUMGARTNER, T. MITROFANENKO, L. M. LUN
78
Innovation in rural tourism: INRUTOU, a complex international project
3. Concluzii
Analiza ampl a contextului n care se manifest turismul rural n
zonele montane implicate n proiectul In Ru Tou are rolul de a oferi o
imagine de ansamblu corect n vederea identificrii celor mai eficiente
moduri de abordare a necesitilor de dezvoltare ale acestora.
Principalele aspecte identificate n contextul social, economic i de
mediu din zonele pilot au stat la baza prezentrii detaliate a situaiei
actuale privind sectorul turistic, accesul populaiei locale la tehnologii
moderne de informare i comunicare precum i situaia nvmntului
vocaional. De asemenea, au fost identificate i analizate ateptrile
actorilor locali cu privire la formarea profesional, n contextul dezvoltrii
turismului rural.
Proiectul nglobeaz studii de caz - exemple de bune practici
relevante pentru dezvoltarea turismului rural montan i prezint o analiz
bazat pe interviuri cu reprezentani comunitilor locale.
Dezvoltarea turismului rural fiind un proces complex, necesit
angajamente pe termen mediu i lung din partea administraiilor publice,
precum i din partea operatorilor privai din comunitile locale. Sunt
necesare atitudini pozitive ale comunitilor participante, dar i activiti
de leadership i de parteneriat. Este la fel de important ospitalitatea
79
D. UNGUREANU, A.-R. REY, A. COCA, C. MAURER, C. BAUMGARTNER, T. MITROFANENKO, L. M. LUN
Bibliografie
1. Comisia European - Planul de Aciune Europa, destinaie turistic
numrul 1 n lume - un nou cadru politic pentru turismul n Europa
2. Convenia Carpatic, art. 9, 11, 13
3. Memorandum de nelegere ntre Secretariatul Comisiei Dunrii
(ICPDR) i cel al Convenia Carpatice
4. Proiectul InRuTou Innovation in Rural Tourism finanat de ctre
Comisia European prin Longlife Learning Programme (Nr. proiect
531104-LLP-1-2012-AT-KA3-KA3MP)
5. UNWTO - . ODM . Conferina regional pentru turism durabil i
dezvoltare rural n SEE, 22-24/2/12, Belgrad
6. www.inrutou.eu
7. www.romontana.org
80
2.5. THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL-ECONOMIC CRISIS UPON
RURAL TOURISM COMPANIES
Gabriela BOLDUREANU1
Daniel BOLDUREANU2
Teodor PDURARU3
Abstract
The globalization and the current world crisis entailed a series of structural
changes very deeply impacting business environment. The pressure of being more and
more competitive has grown for enterprises, which generated productivity increase
through new technologies and innovation. The new opportunities have stimulated
entrepreneurial initiative and creativity, the vectors of economic development from the
perspective of the year 2020.
On the other hand, world crisis severely affected rural tourism companies: higher
costs for foreign currency credits because of the RON depreciation, decrease in tournover
because of the decrease in the number of tourists, lack of working capital needed for
development, etc.
Starting from these premises, the present paper analyzes the impact of financial-
economic crisis upon the rural tourism companies in North-East Region and makes some
suggestions on how the crisis negative effects could be counteracted.
Key words: entrepreneurship, tourism, financial-economic crisis
JEL: L83, L26, M13
1. Introducere
Criza economic mondial, ale crei semne au nceput s apar nc
de la sfritul anului 2007 i care continu i n prezent, se caracterizeaz
printr-o scdere dramatic a activitii economice mondiale. Impactul crizei
economice mondiale s-a resimit puternic n economia Romniei, n
ansamblul su, economie care a fost afectat de o ncetinire substanial a
1
Prof. univ. dr., Universitatea Petre Andrei din Iai, gabrivaleanu@yahoo.com
2
Lect. univ. dr., Universitatea de Medicin i Farmacie Grigore T. Popa, Iai,
boldureanu@yahoo.com
3
Cercet. t. pr. II dr., Institutul de Cercetri Economice i Sociale Gh. Zane al Academiei
Romne - Filiala Iai, tpaduraru2005@yahoo.com
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Gabriela BOLDUREANU, Daniel BOLDUREANU, Teodor PDURARU
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The effects of financial-economic crisis upon rural tourism companies
3. Rezultate i discuii
3.1. Msurile interne adoptate de firma de turism n perioada
crizei economico-financiare
Printre principalele msuri adoptate de firmele de turism din mediul
rural n perioada crizei economico-financiare remarcm: reducerea
investiiilor (61,5%) i eficientizarea costurilor operaionale (53,8%). A doua
categorie de msuri adoptate de firme sunt reducerile de personal (26,9%)
i chiar reducerea nivelului de salarizare (23,1%).
Aceast ultim aciune ntreprins de o serie de antreprenori, mai
exact 6 din cei 26 intervievai este o aciune extrem, o practic nu tocmai
bun ntr-o instituie. De profesionalismul, motivaia i determinarea
angajailor depinde bunul mers al afacerii. Un antreprenoriat de succes
nseamn o echip care s lucreze cu plcere. Produsele, serviciile se pot
copia ns oamenii sunt cei care fac diferena dintre acestea.
Tabel 1. Aciuni interne adoptate de firme de turism
Numr Procent
Blocarea/reducerea investiiilor 16 61,5
Eficientizarea costurilor 14 53,8
operaionale
Reducerea de personal 7 26,9
83
Gabriela BOLDUREANU, Daniel BOLDUREANU, Teodor PDURARU
84
The effects of financial-economic crisis upon rural tourism companies
85
Gabriela BOLDUREANU, Daniel BOLDUREANU, Teodor PDURARU
4. Concluzii
n urma studiului efectuat, constatm c principalele efecte ale
crizei economico-financiare asupra activitii firmelor de turism studiate
din regiunea de Nord-Est au fost: reducerea investiiilor; eficientizarea
costurilor operaionale. ntr-o msur mai mic au urmat reducerile de
personal i chiar reducerea nivelului de salarizare, acestea datorate scderii
numrului de turiti, creterilor foarte mari ale preurilor la materii prime,
energie i alimente, variaii mari ale cursului valutar i inflaiei, etc.
Printre msurile adoptate de firmele de turism fa de mediul
extern, n perioada crizei, am remarcat: cutarea de noi soluii pentru
atragerea turitilor precum i selectarea de furnizori mai convenabili.
Printre factorii care au determinat declinul activitii unor firme din
ancheta efectuat putem enumera: dificulti majore n domeniul asigurrii
finanrii necesare, a lichiditilor i blocajul creditrii, fiscalitate extrem de
ridicat.
Fa de aceast situaie considerm c ar fi necesare o serie de
msuri menite s sprijine activitatea firmelor de turism din mediul rural i
anume:
86
The effects of financial-economic crisis upon rural tourism companies
Bibliografie
1. Boldureanu, G., (2010) Management, Editura Performantica, Iai, p.
87
2. Ghenea, M.,(2011) Antreprenoriat, Drumul de la idei ctre
oportuniti i succes n afaceri, Eitura Universul Juridic, Bucureti
3. Enea, C., .a. Efectele crizei asupra managementului firmelor de
turism, servicii i impactul acesteia asupra dezvoltrii durabile a
oraelor, Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu,
Seria Economie, Nr. 1/2009, p. 159-160
4. Popa, L.R., Efectele crizei asupra ntreprinderilor mici i mijlocii i
necesitatea dezvoltrii acestora n Romnia, Revista Strategii
manageriale, nr.2(20)/2012, p. 33
5. *** CNIPMMR (2011), Carta alb a IMM-urilor din Romnia
87
2.6. EFFECTS OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS ON THE
SUSTAINABILITY OF RURAL TOURISM
Costic MIHAI1
Alexandru TOFAN2
Abstract
Both the scientific community and practicing specialists admit that the rural
tourism has a lot of important characteristics that confer a sustainable character of this
economic activity. The economic dimension of the rural community, through the revenue
generated and though the diversity of activities carried out, is harmoniously
complemented by the social dimension and the environmental dimension of rural tourism
businesses. These have a significant mobilizing effect on rural communities and on rural
tourism activities. However, the propagation, in the last years, of the global financial and
economic crisis have caused mutations in the rural processes, with impact on all touristic
activities of these areas, whether they refer to agritourism or rural tourism. The financial
difficulties and the declining demand for rural tourism products are just some of the
reasons for which the economic effects of this activity are sometimes altered or
diminished. In this work we propose to make an analysis of the evolution and status of
rural tourism in Romania, in the last years, with emphasis on the unfavorable impact of the
crisis on the rural economy, society and environment from rural areas.
Key words: sustenability, rural tourism trend, efects of economic crisis,
environmental investments, rural tourism products
JEL: Q56, L83, E32
1. Introducere
Fenomenul turistic a cunoscut, n ultima sut de ani, o evoluie
spectaculoas graie multitudinii transformrilor ce au avut loc n economie
i societate. Fenomenul turistic este cunoscut de omenire nc din
antichitate cnd, fr a contientiza pe deplin beneficiile cltoriilor,
indivizii parcurgeau distane importante pentru a participa la evenimente
1
Prof. univ. asociat dr., Facultatea de Economie i Administrarea Afacerilor, Universitatea
Al. I. Cuza, Iai, ticu@uaic.ro
2
Prof. univ. dr., Facultatea de Economie i Administrarea Afacerilor, Universitatea Al. I.
Cuza, Iai, atofan@uaic.ro
89
Costic MIHAI, Alexandru TOFAN
90
Effects of the global economic crisis on the sustainability of rural tourism
3. Rezultate obinute
n ultima perioad, fenomenul turistic a urmat o tendin specific
tuturor celorlalte sectoare economice din Romania (Fig. 1). Impactul
reducerii activitilor economice i dificultile aprute n sistemele
financiare internaionale i-au spus cuvntul i asupra turismului din
Romnia.
91
Costic MIHAI, Alexandru TOFAN
92
Effects of the global economic crisis on the sustainability of rural tourism
93
Costic MIHAI, Alexandru TOFAN
94
Effects of the global economic crisis on the sustainability of rural tourism
domeniu. Zonele n care ruralul ocup un rol secundar, cum este regiunea
Bucureti Ilfov nregistreaz n perioada analizat suprafee nesemnificative
privind regenerrile artificiale, acest lucru datorndu-se i presiunii reduse
provenite de la populaia local pentru refacerea spaiilor naturale.
Suprafaa de fond forestier n Romania este n jurul a 0,30
ha/locuitor, suprafa ce se menine relativ constant pe toat perioada
luat n considerare. Pentru turismul rural, componenta natural legat de
pdure, fond cinegetic, plante i fructe de pdure reprezint elemente de
mare atractivitate i de emblem pentru multe pensiuni. Regiunile cu
cele mai mari suprafee forestiere pe cap de locuitor sunt Regiunea Vest
(0,53-0,54 ha/locuitor) i Regiunea Centru (0,50 ha/ locuitor) urmate de
Regiunea Nord-Vest(0,35 ha/lucuitor) i cea din Nord Est (0,32 ha/locuitor).
Din punct de vedere al dinamcii acestui indicator se remarc o meninere i
chiar o uoar cretere a suprafeei forestiere/locuitor, ceea ce denot
eforturile importante de rempdurire n paralel cu exploatarea pdurilor.
Preocuprile gospodriilor de a-i reduce impactul negativ al
activitilor casnice sau turistice(n cazul pensiunilor turistice rurale) asupra
mediului pot fi reflectate i de analiza datelor privind numrul locuinelor
conectate la sisteme centralizate de epurare a apelor uzate (Fig. 3).
Comparnd dou regiuni din Romnia n care turismul rural este foarte
important, Regiunea Centru i cea de Nord-Est, putem observa care este
evoluia conectrilor la sistemele de canalizare i de colectare a apelor
uzate pe judee.
Figura 3. Populaia conectat la staiile de epurare a apelor uzate n judeele
Regiunilor Centru i Nord-Est
95
Costic MIHAI, Alexandru TOFAN
96
Effects of the global economic crisis on the sustainability of rural tourism
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Costic MIHAI, Alexandru TOFAN
4. Concluzii
Analiza condiiilor economice i sociale n raport cu evoluia
turismului rural au scos n eviden faptul c, cel puin pentru Romania,
efectele negative ale crizei economice si financiare actuale au influenat
turismul din zonele rurale, dar impactul acestora a fost mult atenuat, asfel
nct att numrul pensiunilor rurale ct i investiiile n durabilitatea
activitilor nesuferind diminuri dramatice. Suprapunerea perioadei crizei
cu programele de finanare europene au avut ca efect meninerea ritmului
98
Effects of the global economic crisis on the sustainability of rural tourism
Acknowledgement
Acest studiu a fost efectuat folosindu-se infrastructura de cercetare
a Centrului integrat de studii n tiina mediului pentru regiunea de Nord-
Est, CERNESIM, proiect finanat prin programul POS-CCE numrul
257/28.09.2010.
Bibliografie
1. Donaire, J. A. (1998) - La geografia del turismo despus del
fordismo: turistas en las fbricas, turistas en los centros
comerciales. Sociedade e Territrio, Vol. 28, pp. 55-68
2. Dorobanu, M., Nistoreanu, P., 2012 - Hospitality - a component of
Romanian Rural Tourism Products, Cactus Tourism Journal Vol. 3,
Issue 2/2012, pp. 17-23
99
Costic MIHAI, Alexandru TOFAN
100
2.7 RURAL TOURISM IN GERMANY
Ion MRGINEANU1
Abstract
The paper presents the architecture of German tourism, a very successful
economic branch, providing more jobs than the entire automobile industry. Domestic
tourism represents 87% of German tourism and rural tourism is on the increase.
Key words: German tourism, rural tourism
1. Introducere
Ca s nelegem cum funcionez turismul rural n Germania este
necesar s facem cunotin cu arhitectura i construcia turismului
german.n genere. nc n 1902, n baza micrilor tuiristice de atunci, a fost
creat Asociaia Turismului German (ATG). Aceast structur a devenit
instituia de vrf a tuturor subdiviziunilor, comunale, regionale i ale
landurilor.
Ulterior, ATG-ul, s-a schimbat n Uniunea Central a Turismului
German (UCTG) s-a angajat s coordoneze, s ofere servicii de consultan
i s elaboreze politica flexibil a activitii turistice n Germania.
Actualmente Uniunea Central a Turismului German este finanat numai
din cotizaiile membrilor Uniunii. Ministerul federal al Economiei i
Tehnologiilor, dar i alte Ministere federale pot finana doar provizoriu
programe i proiecte, care in de specificul activitii lor.
1
Prof. univ. dr., Universitatea Liber Internaional din Moldova, Chiinu, Republica
Moldova, ionirmg@yahoo.de
101
Ion MRGINEANU
102
Rural tourism in Germany
103
Ion MRGINEANU
104
Rural tourism in Germany
105
Ion MRGINEANU
4. Concluzii
n ncheiere, putem concluziona:
a) turismul n Germania este o afacere prosper i avantajos
economic. Turismul intern constituie 87% din turismul german. Realizrile
menionate soluioneaz nu numai problema angajriii forei de munc,
dar i cea de cretere a potenialului intelectual, al responsabilitii i
demnitii patriotice a consumatorilor acestui segment de pia
b) relatiile ntre subieci se construiesc pe orizontal
c) manifestarile de tutelare i birocraie sunt excluse
d) structurile administrative de toate nivelele lucreaz n interesul
economic al agentului de turism.
e) buna funcionare a principiului liberalismului economic asigur o
evoluie pozitiva a ramurei
Bibliografie
1. ***, Statistisches Jahresbuch Deutschlands, 2012
106
2.8. RURAL HOMESTEADS OFFERS FOR TOURISTS IN THE
CHERNIVTSI REGION
Klavdiya KILINSKA1
Tetiana SKUTAR2
Abstract
Rural tourism is a priority trend in social-economic development of rural areas in
the Chernivtsi region. There has been an increase in the number of rural homesteads in the
region in recent years. The improvement of infrastructure and rural tourism services
promotion are the important problems for rural tourism in the region. The article deals
with the types of tourism services, which are proposed by homesteads in the Chernivtsi
region, and the information and advertising sources, which are used for agritourism
product promotion.
Key words: rural tourism, rural homesteads offers, promotion of rural tourism,
informational and promotional materials, informational promotional sources
1. Introduction
Rural tourism is an important factor to ensure sustainable
development of rural areas. Development of rural tourism contributes to
improvement of rural population living standards, preserves rural culture
and environment.
Rich natural and recreational potential, clean environment,
interesting historical and cultural landmarks, original ethnic and cultural
heritage create favorable conditions for the implementation of various
types of recreation in rural areas of the Chernivtsi region.
107
Klavdiya KILINSKA, Tetiana SKUTAR
108
Rural homesteads offers for tourists in the Chernivtsi region
109
Klavdiya KILINSKA, Tetiana SKUTAR
110
Rural homesteads offers for tourists in the Chernivtsi region
herbs
National cuisine - 24
Hostess bakes bread 55 22
Introduction to traditional house-
keeping and farming 45 -
Vegetables from the garden 82 -
Restaurant, caf 47 3
Fishing 96 94
Swimming 92 77
Horse riding 53 51
Hunting 57 21
Accommodation conveniences
Telephone 80 80
Shower or bath 100 100
Toilet in the house 76 97
Television 96 93
Washing machine 100 -
Parking 94 95
Gas stove 88 -
Cooking facilities - 27
Picnic area and campfire area
(kolyba, barbecue, gazebo) 53 62
Traveling with children (playground) 96 -
Swimming pool - 3
Sauna 8 44
Apiary 24 9
A host has a cow 67 -
Travelling with pets 55 -
A host knows a foreign language 25 27
As the table shows, there have been some changes in rural
homesteads offers that are covered in informational and promotional
publications in the recent years. Compared to the previous years,
nowadays tours, picking berries, mushrooms and herbs, cuisine, etc. are
more often advertised in informational materials. They do not focus on the
following features of the vacation in the countryside as exploration of
traditional house-keeping and farming, consumption of organic vegetables,
etc., as it was before. In addition to the basic types of services they offer
master classes in cooking Hutsul dishes, herbs baths, herbal teas with
honey, organizing rafting, paintball, tennis, volleyball, billiards, etc. Tourists
111
Klavdiya KILINSKA, Tetiana SKUTAR
can also explore folk traditions, customs and rituals; join the celebration of
national holidays and more. It should be noted that most rural homesteads
areas focus on Ukrainian tourists as homestead owners barely speak
English and other foreign languages.
3. Conclusions
Informational and promotional materials as well as Internet play an
important role in promoting rural tourism services market. Analysis of
informational and promotional material shows that a relatively small part
of the homesteads is represented in a few printed materials (catalogs,
brochures, etc.). Besides, information on the majority of rural homesteads
is present mostly in digital form, and do not fully represent their tourist
offers. In addition, you cannot always see pictures of estates. In order to
improve rural tourism marketing it is necessary to increase production of
informational and promoting editions and improve their quality. To
implement appropriate measures under the condition of domestic financial
resources deficiency it is essential to expand international cooperation in
the tourism sector with foreign partners.
References
1. Colorful Bukovina. Horizons of the Target Tourism / Buzynskyi M.D.,
Nykyrsa M.D., Korzhyk V.P., Buchko Zh.I. Chernivtsi: Prut, 2009.
152 p.
2. Zinko Y. Market research of the rural tourism in the Carpathian
region / Y.V. Zinko, P.A. Horishevskyi, M.A. Petryshyn, V.P. Vasylyev,
O.O. Hundyak // Scientific Bulletin of the National Agricultural
University. 2008. Vol. 124. P. 32-40
3. Catalogue of tourist rural homesteads "Ukrainian Village Invites" //
Rural Green Tourism. 2007. 1. 64 p
4. Tourism development strategy in the Chernivtsi region (developed
in the framework of the project activities with financial support
from GTZ "Evaluating the effectiveness of the program for tourism
development in the Chernivtsi region in 2004-2010 and
development of the strategy for tourism development of Bucovyna
2013") / [digital resource] www.bucoda.cv.ua
112
Rural homesteads offers for tourists in the Chernivtsi region
113
2.9. THE IMPACT OF ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT UPON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Simion CERTAN1
Ion CERTAN2
Abstract
Tourism is a chance for national economic recovery, is one of the factors that will
contribute to the process of integration of our country into the European Union.
A significant role in the development of our country will play the Association
Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Moldova which aims to
promote political association and economic integration between the Parties on the basis of
shared values and close ties, including the increase of Moldovas participation in UE
politics programs and agencies.
In this article the authors will consider the possible impact of the agreemeent
mentioned above over the tourism development in the Republic of Moldova.
Key words: association, agreement, turism, resources, mechanisms, policies,
efficiency
1. Introducere
Consolidarea democraiei, reducerea implicrii autoritilor publice
n economie, formarea i dezvoltarea relaiilor de pia bazate pe
mecanisme i instrumente economice ce se produc n ara noastr au
motivat parafarea Acordului de Asociere dintre Uniunea European i
Republica Moldova, care are ca scop a promova asocierea politic i
integrarea economic ntre Pri n baza valorilor comune i legturilor
strnse, inclusiv prin creterea participrii Republicii Moldova n politicile,
programele i ageniile UE.
Iniierea i dezvoltarea procesului de conjugare a eforturilor proprii
cu cele ale comunitii europene, liberalizarea circulaiei persoanelor,
1
Prof. univ. dr., Universitatea Agrar de Stat din Moldova, Chiinu, Republica Moldova,
simcertan@yahoo.com
2
Lect. univ. dr. ec., Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Chiinu, Republica Moldova
115
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3. Material i metod
Din materialele utilizate n cercetare fac parte actele normative
naionale i ale Uniunii Europene, publicaiile specifice temei, materialele
conferinelor naionale i internaionale. Studiul s-a realizat pe datele
anuarelor statistice ale Republicii Moldova i ale EUROSTAT, care au fost
selectate i prelucrate de autori. n cercetare s-au aplicat metode i tehnici
recunoscute i aplicate n investigaiile economice.
116
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119
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persoane
Nr. nopi
total 1 pers/ 1
euro noapte/
euro
Austria 8451,9 105,3 29320 3469,8 279,2 15748 13572
Estonia 1324,8 5,4 1217 922,0 225,4 1065 152
Frana 65633,2 401,0 123095 1875,6 307,0 41843 81 252
Germania 80523,7 339,0 257864 3202,5 760,7 36628 221 236
Italia 59685,2 386,9 79704 1335,5 206,0 29338 50366
Letonia 2023,8 3,3 641 317,3 194,2 373 268
Lituania 2971,9 3,3 1397 470,4 423,3 724 673
Malta 421,4 7,7 541 1288,1 70,3 499 42
Polonia 38533,3 57,1 11276 292,6 197,5 6915 4361
Portugalia 10487,3 46,9 14692 1400,6 313,3 8823 5869
Regatul Unit 63896,1 230,6 137763 2155,9 597,4 24192 113571
Republica Ceh 10516,1 38,2 8488 806,8 222,2 4665 3823
Romnia 20020,1 18,0 4430 221,3 246,1 920 3510
Slovacia 5410,8 8,9 3262 603,0 366,5 2099 1163
Slovenia 2058,8 10,4 3242 1581,5 311,7 1 637 1 605
Spania 46704,3 389,9 105659 2262,5 271,0 51736 53923
Suedia 9555,9 48,4 25993 2718,9 537,0 9466 16527
rile de Jos 16779,6 85,4 35145 2094,5 411,5 6965 28180
*Sunt incluse rile care au prezentat informaii Eurostatului
Sursa: Date prelucrate de autori dup informaiile Eurostat
Cele mai mari cheltuieli pentru o noapte decazare a turismului
intern au fost n Germania 760,7 euro, urmat de Regatul Unit 597,4 euro,
Lituania 423,3 euro i rile de Jos 411,5 euro. Cele mai joase cheltuieli s-
au nregistrat n Malta 70,3 euro, Letonia 194,2 euro i Polonia 197,5 euro.
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123
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Republica Moldova
- i n scop de afaceri 16372 7444 8572 2541 2308 2971 4330 5190
i motive profesionale
Sursa: Calculele autorilor dup anuarele statistice ale Republicii Moldova
Numrul plecrilor n scop de afaceri i motive profesionale a sporit
categoric, de 2,5 ori, n 2006 n raport cu anul 2005, apoi se micoreaz de
11,4 ori, pn la 432 plecri n scop de afaceri n anul 2009, apoi urmeaz o
cretere pn la 1374 n 2012, de 3,2 ori. Dac ponderea plecrilor
moldovenilor n strintate n scop de afaceri i motive profesionale n
totalul plecrilor n strintate n 2005 se cifra la 3,4%, n anul 2012 este
doar de 0,93 la sut.
Numrul de sosiri ale vizitatorulor strini are tendina de a se
reduce, iar n 2012 era de 51% fa de anul 2005, Mai categoric se
micoreaz numrul strinilor care viziteaz ara n scop de afaceri i
motive profesionale, de la 25073 n anul 2005 la 5190 n 2012. Dac n 2005
ponderea strinilor care vizitau Moldova n scop de afaceri i motive
profesionale era de 65,3% din totalul vizitatorilor, n 2012 era doar 40,6%.
Chiar dac numrul vizitatorilor strini n anii de referin s-a redus,
rmne mai mare dect numrul de plecri ale cetenilor Moldovei n
strintate n scop de afaceri. Raportul vizitatorilor strini fa de numrul
plcrilor moldovenilor n strintate n scop de afaceri i motive
profesionale se schimb de la 8,3:1 n 2005 la 3,8:1 n 2012.
Ponderea numrului total de sosiri ale vizitatorilor strini n
Moldova din numrul total de plecri ale moldovenilor n strintate se
micoreaz de la 43,8% n 2005 la 8,7% n 2012. Aadar, pe parcursul anilor
de referin, numrul vizitatorilor strini n Moldova n scop de afaceri
depete numrul celor ce pleac din ar cu acelai scop. Raportul
sosirilor vizitatorilor strini n ar n scop de afaceri i motive profesionale
i a numrului total de plecri ale moldovenilor n strintate cu acelai
scop se modific de la 8,3:1 n 2005 la 3,8:1 n 2012.
Reducerea numrului de plecri att ale moldovenilor n
strintate, ct i de sosiri n ar ale vizitatorilor strini n scop de afaceri
i/sau motive profesionale confirm faptul c interesul fa de afaceri n
spaiul economiei naionale este ntr-un declin pronunat i, parial, a fost
cauzat de modul de obinere a vizelor. Considerm c la micorarea
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127
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129
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de existen, %
Sursa: Date prelucrate de autori dup anuarele statistice ale Republicii Moldova
Creterea veniturilor disponibile nu-i suficient pentru a asigura
mpulsionarea plecrilor cetenilor n strintate i nici circulaia
amatorilor de turism i a excursionitilor participani la aciuni turistice n
spaiul rii.
5. Concluzii i recomandri
Studiul prezentat mai sus ne permite s conchidem urmtoarele:
Numrul de sosiri ale vizitatorilor strini n ara noastr a fost marcat de
reducere. Dac vizitele cu scop de vacan i odihn sunt ntr-o uoar
cretere apoi cele cu scop de afaceri i motive profesionale se micoreaz.
numrul de plecri ale cetenilor moldoveni n strintate este n
cretere. Dac plecrile n scop de vacan i odihn sunt ntr-o cretere
vertiginoas, cele pentru afaceri i motive profesionale se micoreaz;
internaionalizarea vieii economice i sociale, modernizarea
tuturor sectoarelor economiei, impulsionarea procesului de integrare i
cooperare internaional, dezvoltarea rapid a sistemului de afaceri i
serviciilor influeneaz i sunt inflenate de relaiile comerciale;
cu excepia Romniei i Bulgariei, numrul plecrilor cetenilor
Republicii Moldova, inclusiv a oamenilor de afaceri, n statele membre UE
este foarte modest;
circulaia rezidenilor moldoveni amatori de turismului intern i a
excursionitilor participani la aciuni turistice n spaiul rii este suficient
de confuz. Deplasarea rezidenilor Republicii Moldova n interiorul rii n
raport cu plecrile acestora n strintate n anul 2000 era de 82,3%,
majorndu-se pn la 111,9% n 2004, iar n 2012 raportul era doar de
23,4%.
veniturile disponibile nu sunt suficiente pentru a asigura plecrile
cetenilor moldoveni n strintate i nici circulaia amatorilor de turism i
a excursionitilor participani la aciuni turistice n spaiul intern;
anularea vizelor pentru cetenii Republicii Moldova, evident,
inclusiv pentru cei care practic afacerile, va avea efect pozitiv cumulativ
asupra dezvoltrii mediului de afaceri i asupra creterii numrului de
plecri ale moldovenilor n scopuri de afaceri, prin reducerea de timp i de
resurse financiare.
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The impact of Association Agreement upon the development of tourism in the Republic of Moldova
Bibliografie
1. Certan, S.; Certan, I., Integrarea economic n Uniunea European,
Centrul Editorial Poligrafic al USM, 2013
2. Matei, D., Turismul rural: teorie i realitate, Terra Nostra, Iai, 2005
3. Talab, I. et al. (ed.), Turismul rural romnesc n contexul dezvoltrii
durabile. Actualitate i perspectiv, vol. XIX, Tehnopress, 2010
4. ***, Anuarele statistice ale Republicii Moldova, Statistica, Chiinu
5. www.insse.ro
133
CAPITOLUL III
TURISMUL RURAL I ECOTURISMUL.
ABORDRI TEORETICE
RURAL TOURISM AND ECOTOURISM.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Valentin NI1
Cristina-Elena ALBU2
Abstract
In this century, rural tourism is seen as a way to escape from everyday activities,
which have become increasingly stressful. In this sense, the interculturality manifested by
the ability of people to socialize with different nationalities of tourists, plays an important
role in promoting rural tourism. The aim of this article is to determine how the Romanian
rural tourism is influenced by tourists belonging to different cultures. Quantitative research
and documentary study were research methods used for this article. Rural tourist
destinations in Romania attracts thousands of foreign tourists each year and this fact
shows their desire and increased interest to know the traditions, customs, ethnographic
items specific to those unique areas.
Key words: tourism, rural tourism, cultural tourism, interculturality, tourists
behavior, tourists classification, tourism product
JEL: M19, O18, Q56
1. Introducere
Turismul este considerat una dintre cele mai bune strategii de
dezvoltare datorit capacitii de a aduce venituri, de a crea locuri de
1
Prof. univ. dr. Departamentul de Management, Marketing i Administrarea Afacerilor,
Facultatea de Economie i Administrarea Afacerilor, Universitatea, Al. I. Cuza, Iai,
valnit2003@gmail.com
2
Profesor de turism i administraie public, doctorand, Universitatea, Al. I. Cuza, Iai,
cristina_albu2006@yahoo.com
135
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Interculturality of rural tourism in Romania
137
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139
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141
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servicii de lux, mai ales atunci cnd este n prezena altora, iar un individ
care dorete s par sportiv va profita de orice moment propice pentru a
demonstra altora condiia sa fizic.
stilul de via: este un sistem de descriere a unui individ plecnd
de la centrele sale de interes, de la ideile, opiniile i aciunile sale, respectiv
de la modelele de consum pe care le adopt. Cel mai cunoscut model de
descriere a stilurilor de via este cel codificat AIO (atitudini, interese,
opinii). n noiunea de stil de via sunt cuprini, de fapt, o mare parte din
factorii de comportament.
n anul 1989, Institutul Gallup a fost angajat de American Express
Travel pentru a realiza un studiu al crui scop era clasificarea turitilor n
funcie de stilul lor de via. n urma studiului au fost identificate
urmtoarele categorii de turiti:
aventuroii, independeni i cu mult ncredere n ei nii.
Practic turismul pentru a descoperi destinaii, oameni sau culturi noi. Au,
n general, un nivel de educaie ridicat i sunt tineri (majoritatea au vrsta
cuprins ntre 18 i 34 de ani).
alintaii sunt persoane bogate, dispuse s plteasc pentru
confort i lux. Cltoresc foarte mult, n aceast privin fiind ntrecui doar
de aventuroi.
temtorii percep cltoriile ca avnd un grad de stres ridicat
i nu prea au ncredere n capacitatea lor de a lua decizii bune. Adesea le
este fric s zboare. Au un nivel de educaie mai redus i sunt, n general,
femei cu vrsta de peste 50 de ani.
vistorii sunt atrai de ideea de a cltori. Persoanele din
aceast categorie au venit i educaie modeste i sunt, de regul, femei n
vrst.
economisitorii consider turismul ca fiind doar un mijloc de
relaxare. Nu prea sunt dispui s plteasc mult pentru servicii turistice
specializate, chiar dac i-ar permite acest lucru. Sunt, n general, brbai
cu venit i educaie medii, destul de vrstnici.
Exist, de asemenea, o serie de factori externi care genereaz
nevoia de a cltori i de a alege un anumit produs turistic: moda, dorina
de exclusivitate materializat n forme de turism de lux; meninerea unei
anumite imagini sociale i a unui statut, concretizat prin frecventarea
145
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Interculturality of rural tourism in Romania
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Interculturality of rural tourism in Romania
Cehia 89.891
Grecia 76.039
Sursa:INSSE:http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/publicatii/publicatii%20statistice%20operative
/Seria%20turism%20in%20anul%202013.pdf (adaptare)
n tabelul de mai sus am luat n considerare doar primele 10 ri
dup numrul de turiti strini venii n Romnia, din Uniunea European.
Aadar, cei mai muli turiti care viziteaz Romnia sunt ungari, bulgari,
moldoveni, ucrainieni, nemi, italieni, polonezi, austrieci, francezi, sloveni,
cehi, greci.
n funcie de preferinele acestora i de obiceiurile lor de consum,
structurile de primire turistice cu funciune de cazare trebuie s-i
adapteze oferta de servicii turistice pentru a satisface nevoile tuturor
categoriilor de turiti, lund ca reper tipologiile turistice prezentare
anterior.
Turitii din Ungaria prefer vizitele n Transilvania i n regiunile
locuite de maghiari, mnstirile din Bucovina i zona Maramureului.
Punctele de atracie care devin tot mai interesante pentru aceti turiti
sunt Delta Dunrii i litoralul, circuitele culturale i naturale, turismul de
aventur, turismul rural i agroturismul, precum i drumeiile n Carpai.
Turitii bulgari opteaz aproximativ pentru aceleai zone turistice,
alegnd, de cele mai multe ori, regiuni care mbin turismul rural cu cel
cultural.
Turitii germani cltoresc pentru relaxare, rencrcarea cu energie,
distanarea de stres i rutin, sport, aventur, cultur. Atunci cnd i
planific o vacan, acetia in cont, n primul rnd, de calitatea cazrii, apoi
de atractivitatea zonei i de preul cltoriei. Acetia pun accentul pe
excursiile locale, posibilitile de agreement, ospitalitate, respectiv
mncare i butur bun.
Turitii francezi doresc produse simple care s faciliteze cltoriile,
preuri rezonabile, personalizarea i valorizarea serviciului i, cel mai
important, produse autentice. Acetia doresc s fie implicai activ n
activitatea turistic i aleg destinaii turistice frumoase, naturale, adic
destinaiile rurale.
Turitii italieni prefer localitile de mici dimensiuni situate
departe de haosul marilor orae. Acetia vor s redescopere ariile rurale,
accentul fiind pus pe zonele n care se practic agroturismul (italienii ador
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Interculturality of rural tourism in Romania
7. Concluzii
La momentul actual, lund n considerare procesul de globalizare,
turistul dorete ca un produs turistic s ndeplineasc criteriile de
siguran, standardizare, securitate i care reunete, n acelai timp,
elemente de autenticitate i specificitate.
Astfel, comportamentul turitilor este determinat de un ansamblu
de variabile de natur economic, psihologic, social i cultural. Cele mai
solicitate produse turistice de ctre turitii strini care au ales s viziteze
Romnia vizau o mbinare a turismului rural cu cel cultural. Practic, turitii
doresc s se relaxeze ntr-un cadru natural, departe de stresul marilor
orae i, n acelai timp, vor s descopere att elemente tradiionale, de
151
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Bibliografie
1. Ctoiu, I.; Teodorescu N., Comportamentul consumatorului, ediia a
II-a revzut i adugit, Uranus, Bucureti, 2004
2. Coita, D. C., Nedelea, A., Comportamentul turitilor i naionalitatea
criterii de clasificare a turitilor i de segmentare a pieei turistice,
Management & Marketing, 2008,
http://www.managementmarketing.ro/pdf/articole/25.pdf, pp. 88-
91
3. Glvan, V., Turism rural, agrotourism, turism durabil, ecoturism,
Editura Economic, Bucureti, 2003
4. Ispas, A., Economia Turismului, Editura Universitii Transilvania,
Braov, 2010
152
Interculturality of rural tourism in Romania
153
3.2. TOURIST VILLAGE: A BRAND FOR ROMANIAN RURAL
TOURISM
Vasile GLVAN1
Virgil NICULA2
Abstract
Tourist village, by definition, means the value tourist branded of the
ethnographic and folk traditions, popular trades and architecture, folklore, occupations
and habits ancient, gastronomy, folk manifestations, museums institutions etc., which
represents spiritual and material heritage of the Romanian people. Natural ambience,
natural and cultural-historical tourist attractions, accessibility and facilities of
accommodation, meal service, ethnographic dimension of the area etc., increases the
tourist potential meanings.
But Romanian tourist village is not a product of series, but also bears that
original, undiscovered and surprise, in relation to specific rural locality, so that tourism
supply is genuine, original, diverse and personalized, avoiding uniformity and monotony of
tourism.
Key words: tourist brand, promotion, tourist village, rural tourism
JEL: L83, Q26, Q56, Q57
1
Prof. univ. dr., Facultatea de Geografie, Universitatea Spiru Haret, Bucureti,
v.glavan.geo@spiruharet.ro
2
Conf. univ. dr., Facultatea de tiine Economice, Universitatea Lucian Blaga, Sibiu,
niculavirgil@yahoo.com
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158
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159
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161
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163
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8. Concluzii
Pentru promovarea satului turistic romnesc, trebuie incluse n
publicitate: zona etnofolcloric i satul turistic, cu o descriere sumar
pentru autentificarea specificului etnofolcloric al teritoriului Romniei, apoi
judeul i pensiunea turistic sau agroturistic pentru localizare, iar n final,
oferta turistic pentru personalizarea acesteia n contextul turistic rural.
Aducem cteva sugestii pentru denumirea satului turistic etnofolcloric:
satul turistic oenesc, maramureean, bucovinean, nemean, vrncean,
muscelean, vlcean, gorjean, bnean, sibian, crian, trnvean, secuiesc,
vbesc, ssesc, maghiar, srbesc, lipovean etc. Fiecare dintre aceste sate
turistice poart amprenta originalitii i autenticitii, iar mpreun
formeaz mozaicul etnofolcloric romnesc.
Bibliografie
1. Comen, T., Turism rural. Ghid de bun practic pentru proprietarii
de pensiuni, Institute for Integrated Rural Tourism, Vermont, SUA,
2010
164
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165
3.3. AGRITOURISM: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE. A HUGE
LONG TERM POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANIA
Iuliana ANTONIE1
Traian MANOLE2
Abstract
The economic development of a nation beyond the stage of emerging economy
implies a consistency and a discipline of strategic objectives in the context of increasingly
dramatic and complexity of globalization and of the deep transformations of the
environment. In the context of Community Agricultural Policy (CAP) to which Romania is a
party and that the customer tries the implementation of coherent policies on sustainable
development of the agricultural sector-development management requires a complex
ecosystem based approach. Unfortunately between theory and practice, there is still a
strong and serious gap, a disruption to the political decision to support the efforts of
specialists and experts, constant on domain and social productive forces (particularly
farmers, investors in the agricultural economy and food goods manufacturers) as well as
the perception of the importance of existing resources and to exploit their divisions.
The present paper attempts, in a manner succinct as possible to build an
important direction of development of social and material capital in the agricultural sector
due to the huge untapped potential of Romania and taking into account, at the same time
trends of European and world level of development and the protection of natural capital.
Key words: agritourism, ecosystem services, sustainable agricultural development
JEL: Q1, Q56, Q57
1. Introducere
Lucrarea este publicat n cadrul proiectului Zona montan
leagnul spaiului rural romnesc, cofinanat printr-un grant din partea
Elveiei, prin intermediul contribuiei elveiene pentru Uniunea European
extins.
1
Biolog, dr., ef de lucrri, Universitatea Lucian Blaga, Sibiu,
iuliana_antonie@yahoo.com
2
Biolog, cercet. t. pr. III dr., Institutul de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Protecia Plantelor,
Bucureti, traian.manole@gmail.com
167
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168
Agritourism: from theory to practice
169
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170
Agritourism: from theory to practice
171
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Puni
23% Teren arabil
63%
172
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173
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174
Agritourism: from theory to practice
Sursa: www.agroturism.com
Afirmnd c Romnia dispune de un potenial uria, nevalorificat n
direcia formelor de agricultur modern, dar cu pstrarea elementelor
entice tradiionale de conservare a capitalului natural, putem evidenia trei
mari direcii de dezvoltare a agroturismului prin ferme multifuncionale:
valorificarea potenialui productiv, turistic i recreativ al zonelor
umede (lacuri naturale i artificiale ca incinte piscicole i de agreement, n
strns legtur cu zonele terestre adiacente);
valorificarea potenialului agroturistic la nivelul fermelor din
spaiul rural prin asocierea sistemelor de agricultur ecologic cu sisteme
zootehnice regionale;
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Iuliana ANTONIE, Traian MANOLE
6. Concluzii
Pentru aceast prim ncercare de a sintetiza cteva elemente
conceptuale privind dezvoltarea agricol durabil a Romniei i
valorificarea potenialului de resurse naturale, putem formula cteva
concluzii.
n context macroregional i global, Romnia dispune de condiiile
fundamentale pentru a reui n tranziia total (capital natural destul de
bine conservat, pondere demografic redus) dac se evalueaz cu
acuratee starea actual a sistemelor socio-economice n complexitatea lor
i dac se elaboreaz strategia i planul-cadru de aciune pe termen lung.
Programele de cercetare trebuie s investigheze cu precdere
starea de suport (rezilien) i sustenabilitatea complexelor socio-
ecologice, productivitatea i dinamica ecosistemelor agricole n raport cu
capitalul natural.
Conservarea agrobiodiversitii ca latur important a activitii
fermelor multifuncionale trebuie focalizat asupra raportului i
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Agritourism: from theory to practice
Bibliografie
1. Altieri, M.; Ponti, L.; Nicholls, C., Managing pests through plant
diversification, Leisa magazine, 2006, pp. 9-11
2. Callicot, J. B., Earths insights: a multi cultural survey of ecological
ethics from mediterranean basin to the australian outback,
University of California Press, 1994, pp. 15-25
3. De Groot, S. R.; Wilson, A. M.; Boumans, J. M. R., A typology for the
classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions,
goods and services, Ecological economics, No. 41, 2002, pp. 393-408
4. Garrod, G.; Willis, G. K., Economic valuation of the environment:
methods and case studies, Edward Elgar Publ. Eds., 1999, pp. 134-
208
5. Goulder, L.; Kennedy, D., Valuing ecosystems services: philosophical
bases and empirical methods, Natures Services: societal
dependence on natural ecosystems, Island Press, 1997, pp. 56-89
6. Sen, A. K., On ethics and economics, Blackwell Eds., 1987, pp. 65-88
7. Vdineanu, A., 1999, Dezvoltarea durabil: teorie i practic, vol. I,
Univers, Bucureti, 1999, pp. 121-147
8. Vdineanu, A., Managementul dezvoltrii o abordare
ecosistemic, Ars Docendi, 2004, pp. 344-365
9. http://ec.europa.eu/- 2000 Agenda
10. http://www.agroturism.com
177
3.4. RURAL TOURISM AND AGRITOURISM: FROM THEORY TO
PRACTICE. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL
CONSEQUENCES
Virgil NICULA1
Vasile GLVAN2
Adriana VINEAN3
Abstract
By definition, tourism uses for accommodation and meal service the rural
pensions and the agritouristic guesthouses and is to be carried out under the direct
organization and management of the local population. Therefore, it is in the interests of
the communities and local authorities organization and sustainable development of
tourism, actions beneficial under socio-economic and ecological report.
Tourism development and improvement of chaotic, uncontrolled and without a
systematization consistent, lead to excessive exploitation of tourism resources, to pollution
and degradation of natural ecosystems, architectural and cultural traditions, on a certain
social pressure on the communities.
Key words: rural tourism, agritourism, socio-economic and ecological impact
JEL: L83, Q56, Q57, Q26
1. Consideraii conceptuale
Experiena european evideniaz faptul c turismul rural cu
componenta sa agroturism sunt bine definite ca organizare i promovare
pe plan local, regional i naional i se nscriou n politica general a Uniunii
Europene de amenajare i de dezvoltare a mediului rural i de sprijinire a
populaiei din acest spaiu.
1
Conf. univ. dr., Facultatea de tiine Economice, Universitatea Lucian Blaga, Sibiu,
niculavirgil@yahoo.com
2
Prof. univ. dr., Facultatea de Geografie, Universitatea Spiru Haret, Bucureti,
v.glavan.geo@spiruharet.ro
3
Conf. univ. dr., Facultatea de tiine Economice, Universitatea Lucian Blaga, Sibiu
179
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Rural tourism and agritourism: from theory to practice
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Virgil NICULA, Vasile GLVAN, Adriana VINEAN
3. Date statistice
Din informaiile primite de la ANTREC (2014), pn n prezent sunt
omologate circa 5000 de pensiuni turistice n mediul rural din ara nostr.
Din analiza datelor statistice oficiale, numrul pensiunilor
agroturistice la nivelul anului 2013 a fost de 1598; n perioada 2009-2013 s-
a nregistrat o cretere cu 113,7%, iar al locurilor de cazare cu 145,45%,
situaie ce reiese i din datele nscrise n Tabelul 1.
Tabelul 1. Numrul pensiunilor agroturistice i indicatori turistici pentru acestea
Indicatori/ani 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2013/2009
Pensiuni agroturistice
Nr. Turiti 1412 1354 1210 1350 1598 113,17%
Nr. Locuri 19763 20208 20683 23500 28775 145,45%
Sosiri turiti n pensiuni agroturistice
Turiti cazai
Total 325686 289923 360696 380630 488569 150,00
Romni 306404 270246 336005 352805 452062 147,53
Strini 19282 19677 24691 27825 36507 189,29
nnoptri
Total 637188 604606 741350 778417 991795 155,65
Romni 600553 548014 680201 714209 900528 149,94
Strini 36635 56592 61149 64208 91267 249,12
Durata medie a sejurului zile turist
Total 1,95 2,08 2,05 2,04 2,03
Romni 1,96 2,02 2,05 2,02 2,00
Strini 1,90 2,87 2,47 2,47 2,50
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6. Concluzii
Este n interesul comunitilor i autoritilor locale s armonizeze
politicile de turism rural cu cele de protejare a mediului nconjurtor i a
populaiei locale.
Bibliografie
1. Comen, T., Turism rural. Ghid de bun practic pentru proprietarii
de pensiuni, Institute For Integrated Rural Tourism, Vermont, SUA,
2010
2. Glvan, V., Turismul n Romnia, Editura Economic, Bucureti,
2006
3. Nicula, V.; Spnu, S.; Ciortea, G., Ghidul ecopensiunii agroturistice,
Editura Universitii Lucian Blaga, Sibiu, 2012
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3.5. SUSTAINABLE INTERFERENCES FAVOURABLE TO
ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Vasile AVDNEI1
Lidia AVDNEI2
Camelia TEFANACHE3
Doina DNIL4
Carmen NSTASE5
Lazr LATU6
Abstract
Ecotourism is the youngest and most dynamic area of tourism development at the
moment. Commercial solutions regard filling tourism packages with environmental
attributes.
The paper aims to highlight the valences of ecotourism that addresses to health.
In the authors vision, health must be separated from the medicine and regards a complex
of behavioral activities, lifestyle and nutrition that ensures that functions and physiology
are maintained within acceptable limits. A health portion concept is formulated that
aggregates innovative elements and perspectives of economic recovery and that lead to
growth solutions of added value within tourist packages.
Key words: ecotourism, health tourism, mountain bioresources, competitive
economic model
JEL: O440
1
Inginer, cercet. asociat dr., Institutul Naional de Cercetri Economice - Centrul Naional
de Economie Montan; asistent, Centrul de Incubare Creativ Inovativ de Afaceri (CICIA)
Roznov, jud. Neam; Forumul Montan din Romnia - Filiala Neam,
vasilevadanei2004@yahoo.com
2
Inginer, cercet. dr., SC ICEFS SA Svineti; Forumul Montan din Romnia - Filiala Neam,
alidia_38@yahoo.com
3
Biolog, drd., Universitatea Al. I. Cuza, Iai; cercet. junior, Institutul Naional de tiine
Biologice - Centrul de Cercetri Biologice Stejarul, Piatra Neam,
camelia.stefanache@yahoo.com
4
Biolog, cercet. senior dr., Institutul Naional de tiine Biologice - Centrul de Cercetri
Biologice Stejarul, Piatra Neam, damad74@yahoo.com
5
Prof. univ. dr. ec., Universitatea tefan cel Mare, Suceava, ncarmen@usv.ro
6
Cercet. asociat dr. ec., Institutul Naional de Cercetri Economice - Centrul Naional de
Economie Montan; Forumul Montan din Romnia - Filiala Neam, lazarlatu@yahoo.com
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V. AVDNEI, L. AVDNEI, C. TEFANACHE, D. DNIL, C. NSTASE, L. LATU
1. Introducere
ntre conceptele mai recente privind dezvoltarea durabil, se
descifreaz tot mai multe atribute ale omenirii privind soluiile de
satisfacere a nevoilor din resurse care trebuie s fie accesibile i
generaiilor viitoare. O bun parte din aceste nevoi trebuie redimensionate
pentru a face accesibile o serie de resurse care ateapt s fie puse n
valoare i valorificate. Combinarea conceptelor de mobiliti i utilizarea
valenelor de mediu conduc la ecoturism i subtilitile sale. Aceste asocieri
de idei conduc la dezvoltarea atributelor i a impactului asupra sntii.
Definiia conceptului de ecoturism se refer la a cltori ntr-o zon
natural, implicnd oameni, consum alimenar, protecia mediului, i la
contribuia n meninerea mediului i diversitii speciilor prin reducerea la
minimum a impactului vizitatorilor i promovarea educaiei turistice .
Considerm necesar s punem n eviden aspecte eseniale ale
turismului montan, n care mediul nconjurtor reprezint una dintre cele
mai importante resurse i poate genera servicii de ni pentru populaie, n
calitate de furnizori i consumatori. Dorim s aducem n atenie o
combinare a atributelor ecologice cu cele de sntate, care pot genera o
diversificare a serviciilor turistice montane.
2.1. Disponibilitate
Sub aspectul disponibilitii, n comparaie cu zonele de es i
colinare, exist cteva elemente particulare, fapt care face zona montan
mai atractiv:
mai puin poluat (aer, ap, sol);
prin accesibilitate (mai limitat), nivelul de suportabilitate n
exploatarea resurselor este mai mic i nu necesit intervenie cu
stimulatori (ngrminte, persticide etc.);
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Sustainable interferences favourable to ecotourism development
2.2. Abunden
Raportul dintre densitatea populatiei i suprafeele de
disponibilitate ar trebui s fie un factor favorabil. Pentru cteva categorii
de resurse acest lucru nc rmne valabil. Exist ns i cteva categorii
care au trezit interesul pentru exploatare fr o corelare strict cu gradul
de valorificare i care acioneaz n zona montan dup alte legiti
economice (n mod special exploatarea lemnului).
O parte din circuitul materiei n natur se manifest mai intens i
mai vizibil n zona montan. Acest fapt rezult din: frecven de
manifestare, debit, particulariti ale proceselor fizice i chimice de baz.
Ciclurile solare de asemenea influeneaz difereniat disponibilitatea
resurselor n zona montan: succesiunea rece - cald (anotimpuri),
succesiunea secet - inundaii, succesiunea nsorit - nnorat, succesiunea
acalmie - vnt, alternana strilor de agregare a apei.
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V. AVDNEI, L. AVDNEI, C. TEFANACHE, D. DNIL, C. NSTASE, L. LATU
2.3. Exploatabilitate
Accesibilitate pentru exploatare are cteva limitri decisive:
dispunerea teritorial a resurselor montane le face mai puin
atractive pentru investitori, deoarece se ncadreaz cu greu n rigorile de
economicitate i profitabilitate;
distana dintre locul de manifestare a resursei i locul de consum
implic etape de prelucrare pe lanul de furnizare, care, de asemenea,
influeneaz aspectele economice, dar i cele fizice;
diferenele dintre forma disponibil i forma de consum implic o
serie de transformri care influeneaz interesul pentru exploatare;
aspectele tehnologice: modul de exploatare, de gestionare i
valorificare a resurselor montane este influenat de faptul c sunt necesare
adaptri importante n funcie de condiionrile pantei. Sub aspectul
nivelului tehnologic i al accesibilitii tehnologice, sunt necesare soluii
care s justifice i s fie justificate de impactul exploatrii.
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196
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Sustainable interferences favourable to ecotourism development
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V. AVDNEI, L. AVDNEI, C. TEFANACHE, D. DNIL, C. NSTASE, L. LATU
4. Concluzii
Ecoturismul reprezint o form modern de dezvoltare a serviciilor
ntr-un sector emergent i cu importantate atuuri de profitabilitate. El
aduce turiti cu gusturi tot mai rafinate i mai exigente, care tiu de
aprecieze serviciile primite. n acelai timp, vine n ntmpinarea
solicitrilor turitilor pe categorii de servicii necesare pentru meninerea
strii de sntate.
Turismul de sntate are un numr important de elemente comune
cu ecoturismul, care se cer exploatate i puse n valoare n interesul
consumatorilor de sntate. Aceast categorie de persoane de vrst
activ i persoane n vrst sunt preocupate de meninerea strii de
sntate, utiliznd darurile naturii n formele cele mai variate i cu
intensitatea pe care i-o poate permite fiecare persoan, n funcie de
resursele financiare i de resursele de timp.
Exist exemple semnificative de promotori de ecoturism de
sntate, de inovatori n servicii, care vin n ntmpinarea nevoilor i
ateptrilor clienilor. Efectele acestor servicii care poart atributul de
sntoase au un feedback vizibil i constituie, n present, motorul de
atragere a tuturor categoriilor sociale la beneficiile naturii i ale muncii
unor adevrai eroi n servicii turistice inovative.
Ecoturismul este un tip de serviciu orientat spre performan, care
deschide calea pentru asocieri colaborative specializate n care sunt atrai
i ali factori interesai. ntr-o anumit accepiune, i n turism se pot
construi clustere care s deschid pieele i s conjuge eforturile
investiionale ctre un standard ct mai ridicat al serviciilor, mai ales n
favoarea sntii oamenilor.
Bibliografie
1. Albu, A.; Ivan, P., Best practices in ecological agriculture,
Proceedings of International Conference Ecological Performance in
a Competitive Economy (PEEC), Quality - Access to Success Journal,
Year 12, No. 125, 2011, ISSN 1582-2559
2. Albu, O.; Chasovschi, C., The New context of European tourism,
Annals of tefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 2007
204
Sustainable interferences favourable to ecotourism development
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Sustainable interferences favourable to ecotourism development
207
3.6. ECOAGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Alexandru TRIFU1
Mariana Laura TEODORESCU2
Abstract
Nowadays, we have to understand more and more the necessity of biodiversity, of
implementing a sustainable approach to farming, for a healthy agriculture towards
supporting life.
The eco-agriculture is both a conservation strategy as well as a rural development
strategy, and we see an increase trend not only on the European market demand, but also
in the number of eco-farmers in Romania, from 3155 in 2010 to over 15000 in 2012. Not
only we observe an improved variety of produce on the market, but the rising of a new
form of tourism, in the form of eco-tourism, where the consumer looks for the beauty and
tranquility of rural areas combined with the health benefits of fresh, wholesome food.
We would like to bring forth here the participating factors that contributed to the
rapid expansion of eco-agriculture as an important economic domain in Romania and the
obstacles still ahead. Due of its location and traditions, Romania is one of the countries
that biodiversity is best preserved, but possible changes in its land use patterns and their
possible benefits might create hazards with respect to biodiversity.
Key words: eco-agriculture, biodiversity, rural tourism, sustainable development
1. Introduction
Eco-agriculture comes naturally as an answer to the climate crisis
and a galloping loss of biodiversity worldwide. Studies have shown that by
using eco-agriculture one can grow more food and protect the biodiversity
at the same time, to highlight the impact of the eco-agriculture feeding the
world, ensuring the people well-being and, even, determining the
biodiversity and a healthy development3 of the world of today. In eco-
agriculture, the farmer adapts its harvest to the needs of the ecosystem, of
the land, growing in harmony with the landscape.
1
Prof. univ. asociat dr., Universitatea Petre Andrei din Iai, trifu.alex@gmail.com
2
Student, Universitatea Petre Andrei din Iai, m.laura.teodorescu@gmail.com
3
McNeely, Jeffrey, Scherr, Sara J. (2001)-Common ground, common future: How eco-
agriculture can help feed the world and save biodiversity, Washington D.C. and Gland,
Switzerland: Future Harvest and IUCN, pp. 5-21.
209
Alexandru TRIFU, Mariana Laura TEODORESCU
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Fig. 1. Certified organic crop (fully converted Ha)
Romania
2006-2012
Source: Eurostat
210
Ecoagriculture and rural development
Figure 2. Certified organic crop area (fully converted Ha) Europe 2012
1400000 Belgium
1200000 Bulgaria
Cyprus
1000000
Check Republic
800000 Danmark
Estonia
600000
Irleand
400000 Italy
200000 France
Greece
0
Source: Eurostat
Most of the Romanian organic food production finds its destination
towards export, since there is little knowledge among Romanian
consumers as to its benefits and importance, combined with a low buying
power. Thus the need for a better marketing strategy for the local grower,
a more sustained effort in reaching out to the community, creating
associations with other organic farmers in the area to help each other
where the local government aid lacks or does not exist, organize bio
festivals, farmers markets, engage and educate the consumer, promote the
services and keep the prices low by eliminating the middle man.
We have to mention here the entrepreneurial spirit in a young
industry, where the common goal of growing food with out harming the
environment, crosses over the worldly accepted notion of monetary profit
through first attempts, successful we might add, in the creation of helpful
web sites like www.Ecoruralis.com, as a much-needed informational and
exchange tool for the eco and traditional farmer alike, in an effort of
bringing together farmers across Romania, where the end goal is protecting
our biodiversity through responsible farming.
Along with the development of eco-agriculture we have an
increased interest in eco-tourism, where the consumer can escape the city
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Alexandru TRIFU, Mariana Laura TEODORESCU
crowds and enjoy clean air and fresh food, since there is no better dish
tasting than the one made of pesticide-free ingredients just picked from
the garden and prepared in front of you.
2. Ecotourism in Romania
Ecotourism is considered a form of travel, inseparable of the nature
and human communities, whose role is to preserves the natural beauties
and resources and to improve the well-being of local communities (based
on TIES definition, 1990).
We think that some principles of ecotourism have to be underlined
for a better understanding of the problem in discussion:
provide positive experiences for both guests (visitors) and hosts;
provide direct financial benefits for conservation (that includes
the non-tangible aspects of the environment;
ensure the unit conservation and development of the communities
(including eco-agriculture support), nature and travel (tourism) activities;
raising the living standard for the local people;
promote a better understanding of live and work in the nature
and together with the natural factors, in the benefit of all activities, aspects
and form of manifestation for nature and local communities.
In Romania, the ecotourism is in its pioneer years, manly
concentrated around protected natural areas (parks), bed and breakfast
type accommodations, very few being eco-certified they emerge mostly as
vacation in the country rather than well structured eco-tourist
destination. The first three areas to be certified as eco-tourist destinations
in 2014 are in Maramures, Zarnesti and Apuseni Mountains.4
Among the challenges, we found a lack of better road system
infrastructure making it strenuous, difficult for the traveler to rich its
destination. On the other hand a growing tourist activity in one area would
bring along the needed capital for rural development. At the same time we
cannot ignore the crucial role of the government in promoting a small
farmer, eco-farmer policy, encouraging the new entrepreneurs through
financial stimuli, tax reductions, investment on development of irrigation
4
www.mediafax.ro
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Ecoagriculture and rural development
5
www.business24.ro/macroeconomie/agricultura-ecologica/romania
6
http://turism.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ecoturism_faza1.pdf and
http://turism.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ecoturism_faza2.pdf
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Alexandru TRIFU, Mariana Laura TEODORESCU
3. Conclusions
Eco-agriculture has the potential of protecting the water supply,
land, preserving biodiversity, as well as fighting against climate change, and
at the same time offering goods and produce on an ever growing European
market.
On the other hand, ecotourism in straight liaison with eco-
agriculture, provides and has to provide protection for the natural and
healthy environment, the increasing of economic incentives and earnings
and support the local rural communities, especially, in order to be stronger
and united and to achieve, as final goal, the sustainable development.
The optimal implementation of the tourism industry (the whole
range of activities), including leisure or pleasure to live, involves functional
and adequate transportation infrastructure, material, financial and human
resources, but even the use in practice of the bio, eco, products, in the
specialized tourism units.
And one more thing (which must be enlarged): in this domain of
eco-agriculture, of ecotourism, Romania has a competitive advantage in
Europe, which is mandatory to be strengthen and placed in the top of our
profitable sectors.
References
1. Lundberg, D. (1995) Tourism Economics, Wiley & Sons, New York
2. McKercher, B. (1993)-The Unrecognized Threat to Tourism: Can
Tourism Survive Sustainability? in ,,Tourism Management, vol.
21, nr. 1
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215
9 786066 870863