International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-2, Issue-2, February 2015
Review Paper of Image Compression
Yogesh Chandra, Shikha Mishra
Abstract Image compression is that the application of data
compression on digital pictures. the target is to reduce
redundancy of the image knowledge so as to be able to store or
transmit knowledge (email) in associate in nursing economical
form and a man-made neural network may be a computational
structure that\'s impressed by discovered process in neural
network of biological nerve cell within the brain. It consists of
easy process world organization its are called neurons .This
paper presents Image compression technique that is employed to
cut back the number of bits, scale back the cupboard space and
transmission price. completely different technique used for
image compression like lossless and lossy compression (VQ)
technique, there area unit completely different technique
Huffman encoding, vector division, run length cryptography
etc.Every technique having some blessings and a few limitation.
Here we have a tendency to area unit study on varied image
compression techniques that is predicated on artificial neural
network approaches.
Index Terms Data compression, VQ, Image Compression.
I. INTRODUCTION
Image process may be a terribly attention-grabbing and a hot
space where day to day improvement is kind of unexplained
and has become. AN integral a part of own lives. Image
processing is that the analysis, manipulation, storage, and
display of graphical pictures. a picture is digitized to convert
it to a kind which may be hold on in an exceedingly
computer\'s
memory or on some style of storage media like a hard disk.
Image process may be a module that\'s primarily used to
enhance the standard and look of black and white pictures. It
additionally enhances the standard of the scanned or faxed
document, by acting operations that remove imperfections.
Image processi ng operations will be roughly divided into 3
major classes , Image Enhancement, Image Restoration and
Image Compression. compression is acquainted to most
people. It involves reducing the number of memory needed to
store a digital image. Digita l compression may be a key
technology within the field of communications and
multimedia
applications. an oversized range of techniques have been
developed to make the storage and transmission of pictures
economical. These ways will be lossy or lossless.
II. IMAGECOMPRESSION
Image compression is that the application of information
compression on digital pictures. the target is to reduce
redundancy of the image information so as to be in a position
to store or transmit information (e- mail) in AN economical
kind. There are 2 kinds of image compression:
Yogesh Chandra, M.Tech Scholar Dr. C.V.Raman Institute Of Science
& Technology
Shikha Mishra, Faculty Of Electronics & Communication, Dr.
C.V.Raman Institute Of Science & Technology
56
A. .LOSSY
It is a information compression technique that discards (loses)
Some of the information, with the result being a smaller file
size. Common files varieties embody JPG and BMP.
B. LOSSLESS
It is a information compression technique that enables for a
smaller file size, but also permitting the file to be
decompressed back to its original quality and size. Common
file varieties embody pettifogger, PSD, PNG, GIF, and RAW.
Image compression addresses the matter of reducing the
amount of information needed to represent a digital image. It
is a process meant to yield a compact illustration of a picture,
thereby reducing the image storage requirements.
Compression is achieved by the removal of one or additional
of th e 3 basic information redundancies, Coding redundancy
is gift once less than optimum code words ar used. repose
picture element redundancy results from correlations between
the pixels of a picture. sick person visual redundancy is as a
result of information that is neglected by the human sensory
system. Image compression techniques scale back the
quantity of bits required to represe nt a picture by taking
advantage of these redundancies. AN inverse method referred
to as decompression (decoding) is applied to the compressed
data to urge reconstructed image [1]. the target of
compression is to scale back the quantity of bits the maximum
amount as possible, while keeping the resolution and also the
visual quality of the reconstructed image as near the initial
Image as attainable. compression systems square measure
composed of 2 distinct structural blocks: AN encoder and a
decoder.
F(x,y) Channel
Compressed Image
F(x,y) Quantized
Mapper Symbol
Coder
F(x,y)
Fig 1: supply Encoder
Image f(x, y) is fed into the encoder, that creates a set of
symbols kind the computer file and uses them to represent the
image. If we tend to let n1 and n2 denote the number of
knowledge carrying unit s within the original and encoded
pictures severally, the compression that\'s achieved will be
quantified numerically via the compression ratio[2].
Channel F(x, y)
f(x,y)
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 Review Paper of Image Compression

IV. LITERATURE SURVEY

Symbol Inverse
Decoder Mapper A. Overview
There square measure numerous compression algorithmic
f(x,y) rule based mostly on artificial neural network like. Back
propagation, levenberg - marquardt algorithmic rule,
multiplayer neural networks supported quick microorganism
Fig 2: supply Decoder swarming algorithmic rule, quaternion neural network
principal part analysis, and Image compression exploitation
The encoder is answerable for reducing the coding; inter pixel PCA and Improved technique with MLP neural network.
and diseased person visual redundancies of input image. In 1st
B. Compression Technique:
stage, the map per transforms the input image into a format
designed to cut back inters pel redundancies. The second 1. Compression exploitation Back propagation neural
stage, quantize block reduces the accuracy of map pers network:
output in accordance with aprs outlined criterion. In third Image compression could be a method of expeditiously
and last, a symbol decoder creates a code for quantize output coding digital image, to cut back the amount of bits required
and maps the output in accordance with the code. These in representing image. Its purpose is to cut back the space for
blocks perform in reverse order, the inverse operations of the storing and transmission value whereas maintaining sensible
encoders image programmer and map ped block. As quality. Compression algorithm with a bit rate management
quantization is irreversible, AN inverse division is not capability. The implementation of back propagation neural
enclosed. network algorithmic rule on image compression system with
sensible performance has been demonstrated [4]. The rear
III. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS propagation neural network has been trained and tested for
different pictures. It has been determined that the
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is information convergence time for the coaching of back propagation neural
processing paradigm that\'s impressed by the way biological network is quick .The Back propagation approach provides
nervous systems, like the brain, process data. The key part of modularity in structuring the design of the network, that not
this paradigm is the novel structure of the knowledge solely speed up.
processing system. The processing however conjointly less at risk of failure and
Input easy for rectification [4].
Compressed
Image 2. Compression exploitation levenberg marquardt
Image algorithm: The computing world encompasses a ton to
achieve from neural networks. Their ability to find out by
X1X1 x'1
xn1 example makes them terribly versatile associate d powerful
Original and no have to be compelled to devise an algorithmic program
Image X2 x'2
x'2 Compressed so as to perform a particular task. There is no have to be
X2 Image compelled to perceive the interior mechanisms of that task.
. . . they\'re conjointly o.k. suited to real time systems because of
XN x'n . their quick response and process times which square measure
. because of their parallel design. Neural networks conjointly
. x'n contribute to different areas of analysis such as neurology and
.XN science [5].

Fig3: Basic compression 3. Multiplayer neural networks supported quick

FIG.3; BASIC COMPRESSION
It is composed of an oversized range of extremely
interconnected process components (neurons) operating in
unison to unravel specific issues.[5] AN ANN is configured
for a selected application, like pattern recognition or
information classification, through a learning process.
Learning in biological systems involves adjustments to the
conjugation connections that exist between the neurons. The
multiple layers of straightforward processing components
referred to as neurons. every nerve cell is linked to bound of
its neighbors with varied coefficient ts of property that
represent the strengths of these connections.
microorganism swarming algorithmic program: The neural
network combines the traditional structure of 2-layer regular
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and also the FBSA, which
demonstrates fast and sensible performance for top -
dimensional perform improvement issues [6]. The adjustment
of the weights for neural network is predicated on a newly
optimization algorithmic program square measure referred to
as Fast microorganism Swarming algorithmic program
(FBSA), that derives from Bacterial hunt algorithmic program
(BFA) and has sensible performance for top dimensional
perform optimization problems [7]. In this algorithm the
initial position of each bacteria is at random distributed within
the optimization domain. Once the hunt method, all the
bacteria swarm to the worldwide best position. PSNR values
of the decompressed pictures square measure usually a pair of
sound unit higher using the planned methodology comparison
one. The qualities of the reconstructed pictures may be
improved.

57 www.ijeas.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-2, Issue-2, February 2015
4. Neural network principal part analysis: Principal part
Analysis (PCA) is ready to extract the principal info of the
information. it\'s been proven that natural image may be
diagrammatic as principal components. Neural network
approach PCA to compress the color image. The obtained of
Principal part Analysis are quaternion matrix may be break up
into 88 sub - blocks and vector quantization to form of a
replacement sample set. The sample set then is employed to
coach the quaternion neural network adopting figure
Generalized Hebbian algorithmic program (QGHA), effort a
quaternion weight constant that may get the principal
components (PCs), the load may be accustomed compress and
reconstructed the image [7].
5. Image compressions exploitation PCA and Improved
technique with MLP neural network: In this paper data
compression, the researchers main focuses on the principal
part analysis wit h the neural network approaches is termed
statistical procedure. Transform n-dimensional mathematical
space to m - dimensional mathematical space. To compress
these pictures PCA based mostly neural network model is
used and based on the resolution technique that is generally
employed in arithmetic. PCA technique takes the collection of
information and transforms it to the new knowledge which has
a similar applied math properties [8].The transform
knowledge from n- dimensional house to m - dimensional
house that is that the knowledge reduction techniques.
V. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Several literatures mentioned the utilization of various ANN
Architectures and coaching algorithms for image
compression to supply high compression quantitative relation
(CR) and high peak signal to noise quantitative relation
(PSNR). Back propagation has some issues related to it and
the simplest glorious is termed Local Minima. This occurs
as a result of the algorithmic program perpetually changes the
weights in such how on cause the error to fall. But the error in
brief ought to rise as a part of a lot of general fall. PCA
technique depends upon the edge value at that the iteration
method of learning is stopped. In PCA technique, it\'s terribly
troublesome to get covariance of the matrix.
VI. CONCLUSION
This paper contains completely different compression
techniques victimization neural network and determine the
problems thereon. In compression technique convergence
time additionally play main role for quality of image. In image
compression techniques, the back propagation is incredibly
widespread for compression performance discussed in higher
than literature survey. The back propagation and levenberg
-marquardt algorithmic rule, estimating a affiliation counted
that compression and convergence time is improved. It can be
Conclude that every algorithmic rule with neural network
having some benefits and a few disadvantages.
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