Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Techniques:
Flip Book
Flip book is an old style of animation that is done by getting a flip book
then drawing the same characters on each page and making it slightly
different each time so that when
you flick through the book quickly it
creates the effect of the
characters moving, the reason this
wouldnt work for the advert is
because I would have to create
the flip book then video my self
flicking through it and it wouldnt
make a very good overall animation and it wouldnt look very professional
and it isnt what the client asked for in the client meeting or brief. This is
one of the oldest forms of animation and it is limited as no two copies
could ever be the exact same and it couldnt be shown to an audience but
it did play a massive part in how animation has evolved in to the
animation we know today as this style of animation was developed and
changed over the years to create better and better ways of creating
animation and without it we wouldnt have some of most loved animations
around today.
Cell Animation
Cell animation is done by drawing or paintings your graphics on to a clear
piece of plastic which is then put through and machine then projected out
for a viewer to see, this is a very old school way of animation and was
using by Disney for many years but they stopped using it
in 1990 as the plastic was highly
flammable and could get hot in the
machine due to the large exposure to the
light used to project it, as it created such
a health and safety risk many
companies stopped using it. As this is
such an old style of animation and is
dangerous I don't feel it would be very
suitable to make an animation using this style of animation especially
when I have access to a computer with animation software installed on it.
The cell animation process is usually done before the animation s created
and sometimes some of these cell drawing arent ever used be because of
this they are seen and a huge collectors item and can sell for thousands of
pounds, cell drawings are the foundations to any animation as they are
basically the storyboards of animations and because of this they are like
the script to the animation so this is why they are seen as a collectors
item as they are the original ideas and designs for the animation. This is a
more efficient way of storyboarding an animation as it is more cost
effective and once the character is drawn on the cell it is then laid on top
of the background which means the designers and creators dont have to
keep redrawing each frame of it includes the same background
Rotoscoping
Rotoscoping is an animation technique or style that allows the creator or
editor to trace around a motion image frame by frame, the reason it is
done frame by frame is so that you can be more accurate as it is a moving
image so it would be hard to trace around a moving image and it gives
you more time to add in little details and make sure that you have traced
around everything you wanted to. Rotoscoping was a totally new way for
creating films and animations and it allows creators to draw around a
moving image, this sort of creates a silhouette or mattes which can then
be place on any background. This became a very popular technique with
film develops and creators are it save a lot of time as they can use the
same moving character and the animation then put in on any background
they want by using a blue or green screen. This is a style of visual effects
and other techniques can be used such as motion tracking and onion
skinning software that allows creates to track a moving character or trace
around them so they have the exact shape and copy of that character at
any given time. Rotoscoping or roto for short is still used today and is
company used for visual effect purposes as it also allows creators to add
an effect to the moving graphics and the attach this effect to the
rotoscope so that the effect follows the moving graphics, for example this
would be like putting a glow on a running character the glow effect would
stay around the character even though they were moving because it
would be attached to the rotoscope.
Drawn on Film
Drawing on film is basically a film
animation technique that is created
by using images or paint that have
been drawn by using various
different objects to make a certain
pattern this is usually done on blank
film. This style is very uncommon
and is rarely used as it isn't a very
good animation style and it isn't something I would
use to create my animation as it isn't what the client asked
for in the client meeting or brief. Drawn on film is a very unusual
animation technique and style as it doesnt follow conventional
animations production techniques as the way this works is by drawing
straight on to the image film rather than taking photos then putting them
all together. The other form of this animation technique is by using black
film which is undeveloped film and then you have to scratch your design
in to it but this does restrict what you can do as you cant really add colour
or use different objects to move patterns.
In conclusion by looking and research all these different techniques and
how they work I can see the evolution of animation and how it has
changed over the years and adapted and helped creators and film
developers to create their animations and all the different styles they can
use. By research I have found out about more animation styles and
techniques that I never knew about and how they work and are used in
animation today and how the creators have developed ideas to help
create a completely new animation development technique.
Raster images
Data compresAsion is a way of storing an
image by condensing it in to a smaller file
meaning it can be stored on many different
storage devices like a pen drive or disk but it
can also be put on to websites and because you
have condensed the image it doesnt affect how
the website runs and it doesnt make the website
slower, one of the down sides of doing this is that
the quality on the image is reduced as it needs to be
smaller to fit in to the file so it can be stored, but the
way around this is to save the image in a thing called
lossless this keeps the images quality and it can
always be undone if you need the image for a certain software. Raster
images are used in software like paint and Photoshop raster images are
otherwise known as bitmap images and are used to show digital images
and it can come in many different formats.
-bmp: stands for best management practices which is a format for storing
bitmap digital images that can be used on software such as Microsoft
windows.
-tif: tagged image format is a way of storing grey scale images and is
normally used for scanned images and can also mover coloured images to
other programs.
-psd: this is for software such as Photoshop as the format is layers joined
together.
The information from raster images gets turned in to pixels and creates a
final images that when viewed looks sharp, but if the image is of a
drawing the pixels start to become more noticeable. The smaller the
image the smaller the digital file is making it easy to store. Raster images
are primarily used within video games as they can be compressed in to a
different file format with the most popular being GIF, JPEG and PNG which
is also used a lot on the internet as they are the most commonly used file
formats as all computers can store these file formats and they dont take
up a lot of room on your computer as all the images are compressed
within that file format. Raster images are resolution dependent meaning if
you try and up scale the photo and make it bigger then the images quality
is effected as the image only has a certain number of pixels and tries to
maintain the same quality.
Vector images
Vector images adapt more to the device you are viewing it on and they
look better that raster images because on raster images the image stays
the same no matter the resolution of the device the image is on. Also
vector images require less memory for each image meaning it doesnt
take up a lot of space and can be loaded easily. Vector images are
normally used on software such as Macromedia freehand among many
others and is used for drawings.
The main difference between vector and raster images is that vector
images work on mathematics. A certain sequence makes a certain line or
curve to create the image.
-Eps: which stands for encapsulated PostScript means you can view the
image as text, it puts the image in to a code format.
-FLA: this file format is normally used for flash to allow you to put videos
or animation on to a website. The main thing flash is used for is adverts
and games.
A downside of using vector images is that
image doesnt look realistic. But the way
vector images work is by creating images
line by line which means they dont lose
resolution like raster images.
Vector animation works on a
mathematical formula made up of
different lines and shapes.
the thing that makes vector image is different to raster image is that it is
made up of lines and shapes not pixels like raster images meaning no
matter how it is viewed or if it has been stretched it will always look the
same and it doesn't effect the quality of the image.
In conclusion I know now the difference between vector and raster images
including their pros and cons as well as their different file formats and all
the different ways you can save these images and which one is better for
different software and image quality, because of this I now know what file
format and what image type to use for different things and the reasons for
it.
Flash CC
Flash CC is a editing and animation creation software that I have used in a
previous assessment which has helped me to get to grips with the
software and how it works as I had to create an animation for the BBC that
was for young children that is very similar to the task that I have been set
for this assessment. Before using the Flash CC software I completed a mini
project that took me through the
basics of the software so I had an
idea on how to create an animation,
this helped me to create a better
overall animation in my last
assessment. The Flash CC software
allows you to create raster and
vector images and animate them to
create a full length animation that
can be imported from a camera
allowing you to create your own real animations. There are many different
options available to you on the Flash software that allows you to create
the animation by playing images frame by frame to produce the
animation. Flash CC is an animation software that is designed to help
creators make stop frame animation films and it offers the user many
different types of tools and options to create their animation and make it
look smooth and professional.this software can be a little complicated to
use so before using it I did a mini animation project that showed me the
basic tools to us to create my animation and this helped when it came to
creating my own animation as I felt more comfortable using the software
and made less mistakes and I believe this resulted in a more professional
and smoother running animation overall. All the skills I have learn using
this software in previous unit will help when it comes to creating the
animation for this assessment as I know how the animation works and
how to use certain tools and effect to get the best out come in my work.
Photoshop
photoshop is an amazing piece of software that I have used throughout all
of my work as it allows you to edit an image
how ever you want and to a very professional
standard, there is no limit to what you can do in
this software as it has so many different tools
and options for you to choose from you can
create and change whatever you want on an
image. I will be using the Photoshop software to
create and edit my characters as I am very
confident with this software and I feel it is the
best one to use to get the best results when it
comes to designing and creating the characters
I am going to is in my animation. Another good feature is that any
sketches or drawings I want to recreate in Photoshop I can trace around
and make the drawing come to life so I can us it within my animation and
it helps to make sure that the client is happy with the animation as I will
show them my designs for the characters first to make sure they are
happy with them so I want to make sure I then create that exact thing in
Photoshop to then be used in my animation.
Audacity : audacity is a sound editing software that I have also used in
previous work and it allows you to edit voice overs, sound clips and music
before adding them in to Flash CC and
matching it up with the animation I
have created. This software is very
easy to use and offers many different
tools and effect I could add to the
sound clips to give them a more professional quietly which I feel will
enhance the animations overall appeal. The reason audacity is a good
software is because you can drop many different type of audio files in to
the software without any problems and export them straight in the Flash
CC making the process of editing the audio and adding it to the animation
a lot easier.
In conclusion I have used many different software but I feel comfortable
using these ones as I have used them many times for different
assessments and I feel that I can create a good product within Photoshop
and flash whilst using audacity to add in sound for effect. I have explained
the pros and cons of these pieces of software and why I think they are the
best to use in different situations and this is mainly because I think
Photoshop offers some of the best tools that allow you to create better
quality graphics and designs.
JOSEPH PLATEAU
Joseph Plaeau was the first man to demonstrate illusion by using moving
images, the way he got this effect was by having multiple images spinning
round on a disc, these images were moving so fast that it made them look
like they were moving, on the disc there were small cuts/slits that ran
down the side of the rotating disc these slits
allowed a person to see in to the spinning discs
allowing them to see the images that looked as if
they were moving. This animation device was
called a Phenakistoscope and was made in 1832
and was the very first animation device. From this
many other inventors modified this design and
improved it and without this being made we
wouldn't have the animation we all know and love
today . As these were usually very small there wants a lot of
images on each disc meaning each animation would
only last about a second or too but for it's time this
was a break through as nothing like this had ever
been seen or done before. On the spinning disc
there would be a few images that all were drawn
slightly different once they spun it made the
drawing look as if they were moving, this type of
style is still used today in clay nation films as the
characters are mover slightly and then a photo is taken
this is a long process but has proved to be very popular with members of
the public all around the world as many classic films have been made by
using this technique.
WILLIAM HORNER
William Horner was an animation pioneer that took joseph's idea and
slightly changed it making the images slightly different each time make it
look like the images were moving to create a small animated story He
created the zoetrope in the year
1834.A zoetrope is a device that produces an illusion of action from a rapi
d succession. It was basically a improvement on the phenkitascope. it lead
to the praxinoscope being made and also lead to animation being viewed
simpler. this made animation easier to be seen because it had small slits
on the side where the person could look inside and it would give a
better effect than a phenkitascope.
the designs on the zoetrope
vary from animals to football
players, and is still used today
in many very successful films
and companies. What made
this different to Plateau's design
was that the images were stood up
and not lay flat on a disc, this
made it easier for viewing purposes but it also
helped the animations look smoother and clearer as only a small bit of
each image could be seen at one time through the little slits/cut outs in
the side meaning that you eyes merged these images together to make it
look like the images were moving in a certain way.
EMILE REYNAUD
Emile Reynaud was a French inventor and he was the first ever inventor to
project an animated cartoon in public, it was shown at the Muse Grvin in
Paris. He created the Praxinoscope in 1877 an this is how he projected the
animation, sadly during Emiles later years in life all of his creations were
forgotten when Cinematograph came around as it was more modern and
popular than Reynauds work, this then left him penniless and he threw all
of his remaining work away as all the public had just forgotten about all
the shows Emile Reynaud used to do, but because of Emiles hard work
and inventions it helped to create the film animation we love today and
projections are used today in every cinema around the world and Mr
Reynaud is the reason for this. Emiles invention was a massive break
through of its times as the only type of animation people had were the
ones on spinning disks that were very very short and repetitive but this
was huge as this was like a film being shown to the public not a short
animation and because of this it helped to inspire many other creators to
use this same technology to create other animated cartoons and films for
people to watch and also lead to the creation of silent films that
proved to be very popular for their time as it was a new
type of entertainment as some of the only
entertainment people would get. This because
very popular as members of the public
wouldn't usually get the chance to view
something like this as it was usually saved for rich
and important people and this was a massive
break through for many people
Eadweard Muybridge
Thomas Edison we all know for being the creator of the electric light bulb
but Thomas Edison didnt only create that he was also a very keen
photographer and he also created a motion picture camera, Thomas
Edison also recreated the well known nursey rhyme Mary had a little lam
this was recorded on tinfoil around a grooved cylinder although this didnt
produce a good quality sound and the number of times you could listen to
the recording were limited this made Thomas Edison a celebrity. Edison
was a keen inventor and creator and he helped revolutionise the world we
live in with his creations as his creations still impact out lives to
this day. Edison changed they way in which people viewed
motion films as he invented and created a electronically pay of
projecting images and he then used this to make
money by putting them in penny arcades and
allowed people to view short films and animations,
he also added soundtrack that would play at the
same time as the animation to help make the
viewing experience more enjoyable and it was
something new that no one had ever experienced before.
After Edison's creation became very popular many different
people and companies from around the world became very interested in
them and the animations he had created so they started to replicate
Edison's animations and selling them so Edison started to print a
copyright logo in to the strips of film which made the last longer and were
often kept in better condition as they were made by Thomas Edison.
LUMIRE BROTHERS
Lumire brothers, French inventors and pioneer manufacturers of
photographic equipment who devised an early motion-picture camera and
projector called the Cinmatographe this all started and they got the
original idea from Thomas Edison's peepshow which they
just took and evolved to make it better. Their first
film Sortie de l'usine Lumire de Lyon1895 is considered
the "first true motion picture. These inventors basically
created the first video camera, this impacted the animated
franchise massively as they no longer had to use selerate
images in order to create a
moving animation. They
revolutionised the way in which
animations were made and created as this made
the hole process a lot easier and faster for
creators meaning more animations were being
made faster. They also were the first inventors to
experiment with colours images for animations as
all previous ones were in black and white, this
helped to get their names bigger and they started to get recognised for
there work which many other large companies at the time wanted to buy
off them but they refused and kept all their inventions and creations to
themselves and they then built their own film making business that
because huge and very popular as they were the only people to show
coloured films and animations to the public .
Walt Disney
Hannah Barbera
Warner Bros
Norman McLaren
Cinema
Their has been many animations that have taken the world by storm and
they are shown as films as they are a very popular way of people viewing
films and animations with the most famous animation creators being the
company Aardman as they have created many stop frame
animation films that have been very popular worldwide, one of
these being Wallace and Gromit which
takes years to make as they use a stop
frame animation style to creates these
films and this means they use clay
models that they have to come bit by
bit to create the movement for of the characters. Most of these
animations started out as TV programmes but because of their popularity
they were turned in to films that fans went mad over as they got an hour
and a half of their most favourite programme.
TV
TV has been another way that people have viewed and seen different
types of animations being all different types with different target
audiences. Since the creation of animation there has been many different
shows created for TV that are all animated and all aimed at different age
groups many are for children but there are aimed at adults, some of the
most popular animations there is for children is Wallace and Gromit that
was created by Aardman animations and is done by using Claymation
which means the program is made by taking photos of clay models that
get moved slightly and once they are all played together it
makes it look like the clay models are moving, they have
also created another popular one called Shawn
the sheep, their style of making films is very
time consuming but because of it, it has made
them one of the most well known animation
companies in the world. As these animations are
made for the TV they dont need to be as long meaning more of them can
be produced faster even though making them is really time consuming
they prove to be very popular and Aardman still create a produce them
today for all of their fans.
Music Video
Mobile Phones
Websites
Many websites now a days use animation for advertisement this is usually
done on a thing called an animated banner that is normally
placed at the top of a website where
everyone can see it and it can include adverts for
new products or information abut the
website and what it includes or
whatever the designer wants. Websites
that use a lot of animation regally are
shoe websites as they use them to promote new products that they have
instore the reason why this is good is because banners and animations
catch people attention as soon as the visit the website and you can also
add it images and information as well as a short video of the product to
help promote it and to chow I off to the person
viewing the website. Websites us
animation a lot to help promote their
products and to gain more attention this
will then help their website and products
standout more which could help that
website to become more successful and
could also help to gain more customers
that will return to that website. Because of
technology accessing the internet has never been easier and also means
for shopping as someone can do all their shopping from their phone whilst
being sat at home, they dont even have to move. Because of this
websites need to make sure that they make their website standout the
most against others to make sure they get as many customers as
possible.