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ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF MULTI STOREYED BUILDINGS

V.M.RAJAN,M.E.(Struct),FIE,

Former CE/Civil/TANGEDCO

******

Frame Analysis Using Hardy Cross Method

Generally single Bay frame may be adopted for spans ranging from 6.0
to 12.0m. The spacing of columns are vary from 3.0 to 4.0m for slab
supported by RCC beam and 4 to 6 m in case of ACC sheet supported by
steel purlins. The Column of the frame are generally supported on
isolated footings in which case the end support condition may be taken as
Hinged or Fixed. The advantage of Portal frame is maintenance cost is
low, good ventilation and lighting.

Normally the base is assumed to be hinged in case of low bearing


capacity of soil (in case of individual Column footings with soils having low
or medium bearing capacity the footing is designed for axial load only and
not for moment). The base is assumed to be fixed (in case of raft or Pile
foundations, Isolated Footings with high bearing Capacity of soil are
provided) for soils having large bearing capacity which has to be designed
for moment in addition to axial forces.

The moment at the footing can also be avoided or reduced by providing


a heavy Plinth beam in the plane of bending near the footing. Plinth Beam
may be provided at top of Footing or at NGL. Plinth beam not only helps
to reduce the moment to the column and but also helps to reduce the
differential settlement by means of tying all the columns. Two different
beams are used in case tieing columns. Plinth beam is used if it is on rest
N.G.L. If the connecting beam is at the top of footing it is called Grade
beam. It is advisable to connect all the columns in a framed building by
means of Plinth beams. This will enhance the buildings stability and
reduce unequal settlement. The column footing will have no or very less
BM.

The Effective length of column may approximately be taken as follows:

For Top Storey Leff = L

For Intermediate storey Leff= 0.8 L


For columns in bottom storey : When plinth beams are not provided
Leff=0.8 Lf

When plinth beams are provided Leff= 0.8 Lw where L= Floor to floor
height- Depth of shallower floor beam framing into the column, Lf=
Distance between top of footing to the underside of the shallower beam at
first floor level, Lw = Distance between top of plinth beam to underside of
the shallower beam at first floor level.

In general, single bay frames are analysed using HARDY CROSS


method of Moment Distribution because of its simplicity. Hardy Cross
method is widely used for the analysis of intermediate structures.
However this method becomes tedious in case of multi-bay frames, where
there are too many joints. This method is eminently suited to analyze
continuous beams including non-prismatic members but it presents some
difficulties when applied to rigid frames, especially when frames are
subjected to side sway. Unsymmetrical frames have to be analyzed more
than once to obtain FM (fixed moments) in the structures. This method
can not be applied to structures with intermediate hinges. Hardy Cross
method distributed only the unbalanced moments at joints, whereas
Kanis method distributes the total joint moment at any stage of iteration.
Framed structures are rarely symmetric and subjected to side sway, hence
Kanis method is best and much simpler than other methods like moment
distribution method and slope displacement method.

In case of portal frame, the depth of beam may be assumed taking


the ratio of Span/depth between 12 to 16 (The lower value of 12 is
adopted for heavy loads and larger value of 16 for lighter loads).
Alternatively depth of the beam may be determined for a support moment
equal to 2/3 times Simply supported bending moment for super imposed
load. The width of beam may be taken between 0.3 to 0.5 of depth of
beam.

The Computer program package like STAAD Pro did not consider the
effect of Roof/floor slab into consideration. The moment of Inertia of a
beam with floor slab is considerably greater than that of the
corresponding rectangular section. While considering moment of inertia
of the beam, it is necessary to identify whether the beam will behave like
a Tee beam or an Ell beam or a Rectangular beam. In the case of Single
bay Portal frame, the beam will behave like a Tee beam, since the main
reinforcement for slab is perpendicular to the bending axis of the beam.
The approximate value of Tee beam moment of inertia is twice the
rectangular beam moment of inertia and for ell beam it is 1.5. The exact
value of moment of inertia of Tee and Ell beam section can be calculated
based on Table given in Reynolds hand book or from graph given in
Design Aid to IS 456 (SP 16).

Design Procedure For Singly bay Frame:

1.Design the oneway comtinuous slab as per coefficient given in Table No.
9 of IS

456- 2000.

2. Arrive the Preliminary size of beams and columns.

3. Analyse the frame using Hardy Cross method as follows:

(i) Calculate the structural loading diagram for each frame beam.

(ii) Calculate the Distribution Factors at each joint by considering


moment of

Inertia of Column, Beam and then appropriate length of frame.

(iii) Calculate FEM, Simply Supported Bending Moments and Shear Force
for the

structural loading met with.

(iv) Distribute the FEMs and arrive the final B.M.s

(v) Super impose the Simply Supported Bending Moments and final
Bending

moments to get the Design Bending Moments at Mid span and


support for

beam and calculate the Axial load and moment for Column.

4. Prepare Design for Beam as Tee Beam at Mid span and Rectangular
beam at

support and shear design. Prepare Design for Column for Axial load
and moment
and ties for column.

5. Design the Footing for the reaction and moment based on SBC
according to end

condition as fixed or hinged as the case may be.

6. Prepare the structural drawing of the reinforcement in grid showing the

anchorage length curtailment point and all the other details that are
required for

the site engineer for adoption.

Example:

SINGLE BAY SINGLE STOREY FRAME WITH FIXED END :

Data:

Centre to centre of frame : 3.50m


Span of frame : 10.50m

Number of bay : One

Number of storey : One

Storey Height : 4.85 m

Intended Use of structure : Control Room Building

Loads to be considered : IS 875- 2007

Member Sizes : Column 300 x 500 mm

: Main Beam 300 x 750 mm

: End Beam 230 x 300 mm

: Slab Thickness 120 mm

Concrete Grade M20 Steel Grade Fe 415

Support condition : Bottom Fixed.


Initial Assumed Design Data:

Slab Thickness:

The Slab has to be designed as One way continuous slab.

Thickness of one way continuous slab = span/30= 3500/30=116.66 mm


say 120mm.

Beam Size:

Beam Depth can be taken as L/12 to L/16 =10.50/12 to 10.50/16

0.875 m to 0.656 m . Take depth as 0.75 m

Width of Beam = 0.3 to 0.5 Depth of Beam =0.225 m to 0.375m say


0.30m

Provide Beam size as 0.30 x 0.75 m.

End Beam Depth = 3.50/12 = 0.29 m say 0.30m

Keep width of beam = width of wall =0.23m


End Beam size 0.23 x 0.30 m

Column size:

For Building height less than 3 storeys and Beam span between 9 m to
12.0m

Depth of Column = 400 mm say 500mm. Keep the Column width = width
of Beam = 300mm. OR Span/12 = 3500/12=292mm say 300 mm

Provide column size as 300 x 500 mm.

Steps involved:

1. Design of Roof slab:

The slab has to be designed as one way continuous slab.

(i) Slab Thickness:

Effective Slab Thickness = Clear Span / (L/d ratio) xMF =3300/26 x1.50=
84.61mm

Overall slab thickness =84.61 + 15 (clear cover) + 10/2 =104.61 mm say


120 mm.

Effective depth of slab= 120-15-10/2=100mm

(ii) Effective Span:

Effective span (lL) is least of the following:

(i) Centre to centre distance between supports = 3.50 m


(ii) Clear span + d = 3.30 + 0.10 =3.40m

Effective Span (L) = 3.40m

(iii) Load calculation :

Live Load (With access provided) =1.50 KN/m2

Dead Load

Self weight of slab 0.12 x 1 x 25 =3.00 KN/m2

Weathering course = 2.00 KN/m2

Total Dead Load = 5.00 KN/m2

(iv) Bending Moment:

Ultimate Dead Load wD= 1.50 x 5.0 =7.50 KN/m


Ultimate Live load wL = 1.50 x 1.50= 2.25 KN/m

Bending Moment Coefficient as per Table 9 of IS 456-2000

Dead Load Coefficient:

+1/12 +1/16 +1/16


+1/12

-1/24 -1/10 -1/10 -1/10

Live Load Coefficient :

+1/10 +1/12 +1/12


+1/10

-1/24 -1/9 -1/9 -1/9

At End Support

M1 =- 1/24 wL2 = -1/24 (wD +wL) x L2 = -1/24( 7.50+2.25) x 3.402 =4.70


KNm

At support near to the End Support

M2 =- (1/10 wD L2 +1/9 wL L2) = - ( 1/10 x 7.50 x3.402 + 1/9 x 2.25 x


3.402)

= -(8.67 + 2.89) =-11.56 KNm

At Mid span

At near Middle of End span

M3 =+ (1/12 wD L2 +1/10 wL L2) = + ( 1/12 x 7.50 x3.402 + 1/10 x 2.25 x


3.402)

= 7.23 + 2.60= + 9.83 KNm

At Middle of Interior span


M4 =+ (1/12 wD L2 +1/10 wL L2) = + ( 1/16 x 7.50 x3.402 + 1/12 x 2.25 x
3.402)

= 5.42 + 2.17= + 7.59 KNm

From this Max. BM at Support =- 11.56 KNm

Max. BM at Mid span = +9.83 KNm

(v) Steel Reinforcement for Main Bars:

Considering Max. BM Mu= 11.56 KNm

K= Mu/bd2 = 11.56 x 106 /1000 x 1002 = 1.16

For M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel pt from Table 2 of Design Aid=
0.346

Mini. Ast = 0.12% of CS area

Ast required = 0.346/100 x(1000 x 100) =346 mm2

Using 10 Dia RTS spacing =1000 x 78.5/346 =227 mm

Max. spacing limit to 3 times effective depth or 300mm whichever is small

=3 x 100=300mm

Provide 10 RTS @ 200 mm C/c (Ast =392.5 mm2 > 346 mm2 Ok.

(vi) Distribution reinforcement:

Mini. Ast =0.12/100 x 1000x 120= 144 mm2

Using 8 dia RTS spacing = 1000 x 50.3/144 =349.5 mm

Max. spacing = 5 x d or 300mm whichever is less. =5 x 100=500mm

Take least spacing = 300 mm.

Provide 8 Dia RTS @ 250 mm C/c.

(vii) Check for Deflection:

Pt = 100 x 346/1000 x 100= 0.346%

From Fig. 4 of IS 456-2000 Modification Factor = 1.41

Required depth (d) =L/26 x 1.65 = 3400/26 x 1.41 = 92.74 mm<100mm


Ok.

(viii) Sketch showing Slab Reinforcement:


2. Analysis of Portal Frame (Intermediate)

1. Calculate Load /m run on main Beam:

Slab Load /m2

Live load (with access provided ) =1.50 KN/m2

Self weight of slab 0.12 x 1 x 25 = 3.0 KN/m2


Weathering Course =2.00 KN/m2

Total Load = 6.50 KN/m2

Load/m run on intermediate frame:

Load from roof slab 6.50 x (3.50/2 + 3.50/2) = 22.75 KN/m

Self weight of rib beam 0.30 x (0.75-0.12) x 25 = 4.73 KN/m

Total UDL on Beam =27.48 KN/m say 27.50


KN/m

Live load alone 1.50 x 3.50 = 5.25 KN/m

Total Dead Load = 22.25 KN/m


Note: The depth of main beam in case of Portal frame is also calculated

corresponding to the support moment equal to 2/3 times simply


supported

moment for superimposed load transferred from slab.

Approximate Support moment for superimposed load from slab 22.75


KN/m=

1.5 x 22.75 x 10.52/8 = 470.29 KNm

Required depth = 2/3 x 470.29 x 106/2.76 x 300 = 502.43 mm say


600mm.

But provided depth =750mm > 600 mm Ok.

2. Calculation of moment of inertia :

Column size (30 x 50) cm Ic= 1/12 x 30 x 503 =312,500 cm4 = I

Beam considered as Tee beam

I roof beam = 1/12 x 30 x 753 =10,54,688 cm4

For Tee beam I = 2 times Rectangular moment of Inertia.

= 2 x 10,54,688 cm4

= 2 x 1054688/312500=6.75 I

3. Distribution Factor : Considering half the frame.


L in
Joint Member I K= I/L K DF= K/K
metre
1 4.85 0.206 0.24
BA
B 0.848
BC
6.75 10.50 0.642 0.76

4. Fixed End Moments :

MBC =- wL2/12 =27.50 x 10.502 /12 = -252.66 KN.m

MBC =+ wL2/12 =27.50 x 10.502 /12 = + 252.66 KN.m

5. Moment Distribution by HARDY CROSS Method (Full Frame)

Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF - 0.24 0.76 0.76 0.24 -
FEM -252.66 +252.66
Distributi 60.64 192.02 -192.02 -60.64
on

Carry 30.32 -96.01 96.01 -30.32


over
Distributi 23.04 72.97 -72.97 -23.04
on

11.52 -36.49 36.49 -11.52


Carry
over
Distributi
on 8.76 27.73 -27.73 -8.76

Total 41.84 92.44 -92.44 +92.44 -92.44 -41.84

Beam Bending moment:

At Support MBC= -92.44 KNm

At Mid span:

Simply supported bending moment at centre= wL2 /8 = 27.50 x 10.502/8

= 378.98 KN.m
Maximum +ve Bending moment at mid span BC = 378.98 92.44
=286.54 KN.m

Bending moment for Column:

MAB= 41.84 KNm. (At Bottom) MBA = 92.44 KNm (At Top)

Factored B.M at bottom=1.5 x 41.84=62.76 KNm

Factored B.M. at top = 1.5 x 92.44 =138.66 KNm

Bending Moment Diagram:

Shear Force:

Max. Shear Force = wL/2 = 27.50 x 10.50/2= 144.38 KN

Factored Shear Force =1.5 x 144.38 =216.57 KN

Working Shear face at A =[ MA + MB]/ H=[41.84 +92.44] /4.85=27.69 KN

Factored shear Force at A =VuA= 1.5 x 27.69=41.54 KN

Design of Beam section :

At Mid Span Section ( TEE BEAM):

The Mid span section of this beam is designed as a T-beam.

Working BM = 286.54 KNm

Design Moment = 1.5 x 286.54 =429.81 KNm

Flange Width bf = L0/6 + bw + 6 Df = 0.7 x 10.50/6 +0.30 + 6 x


0.12=2.245m say 2.25m. OR Centre to centre of Beam=3.50m
whichever is less. Take bf =2.25m D=750 mm d= 750-25-8-20/2=707mm
Moment capacity of flange alone =Muf=0.36 fck bf Df (d- 0.42 Df)

= 0.36 x 20 x 2250 x 120 x (707- 0.42 x 120) = 1276.43 x 106 Nm


=1276.43 KNm

Mu i.e. 429.81 KNm Hence the NA lies within the flange. OR

bf/bw = 2.25/0.3=7.5 Df/d = 0.12/0.707=0.17

Referring to Table 58 of SP16, the moment resistance factor is given by


KT=0.589,

Mulim=KT bwd2 fck = 0.589 x 300 x 7072 x 20/1x106 = 1766.47 kN-m > Mu i.e
429.81 KNm . Hence Safe.

The reinforcement is computed using Table 2 of SP16.

Mu/b d2 = 429.81 x 106/2250 x 7072 =0.38

Refering Table 2 of SP 16 pt=0.108

Ast= 0.108/100 x 2250 x 707= 1718 mm2

No of 20 mm dia bar = 1718/( x202/4) = 5.47 say 6 bars

Hence (3 +3) Nos. of #20 at bottom and 3 Nos. #20 at top in the mid
span

At Support ( Rectangular section) :

Design moment MuB=1.5 x 92.44 = 138.66 kN-m

MuB/bd2= 138.66 x106/300x7072=0.92 From table 2 of SP16 pt=0.270

Ast=0.270 x 300 x 707 / 100 = 573 mm2

No of 20 mm dia bar = 573 /( x202/4) =1.82 say 3

Hence 3 Nos. of #20 at the top near the ends for a distance of o.25 L =
2.50 m from face of the column as shown in Fig 6.6
Check for Shear:

Factored SF =1.5 x 144.38= 216.57 KN

Nominal shear stress v= 216.57 x 103 /300 x 707=1.02 N/mm2 < 2.80
N/mm2

For pt=100x 942/(300x707)=0.44

Permissible stress for pt=0.44 from table 19 c=0.4512 < v

Shear carrying capacity of concrete Vuc =c b d = 0.4512 x 300 x


707/1000

= 95.70 KN

Balance Shear to be taken by stirrups Vus=216.57- 95.70 = 120.97 kN

Spacing 2 legged 8 mm dia stirrup sv= 0.87 fy Asv d/ Vus

= 0.87 x 415 x 2 x50 x 707 /120.97 x 103 =211 mm

Provide #8 Two legged stirrups at 200 mm c/c (equal to maximum


spacing)

Web Reinforcement:

As the depth is equal to 750mm, web reinforcement is necessary. As per


clause 25.5.1.3 of IS 456-2000

Total area of side reinforcement =0.1/100 x 300 x 750=225 mm2

Provide 2 Nos #8 RTS on either side at mid depth (Ast=452 mm2 > 225
mm2)

Check for deflection:

For pt = 100 x 6 x 314/2250 x 707 =0.12% Modification Factor from Fig


3 of IS 456-2000 = 1= 1.90 For flanged section bw/bf=
300/2250=0.133 < 0.3
Modification factor 3

Required effective depth = L/26 x 1 x3 =10500 /26 x 1.9 x 0.8=


265.68mm

<707 mm Ok.

Design of Column Section :

(i) At Top Section:

Axial Load at Top:

Load from Main Beam 27.50 x 10.50/2 = 144.38 KN

Load from end beam 0.23 x (0.30-0.12) x 25x3.50 = 3.62 KN

Load due to parapet wall 0.23 x 0.90x 3.50x 19.2 = 13.91KN

Total Axial Load =161.91 KN

Factored Axial Load 1.5 x 161.91=242.87 KN

Ultimate Bending moment at top 1.5 x 92.44 =138.66 KNm

Height of column =4.85 m

Unsupported length of column =4.85 0.75/2 = 4.475 m

Bending about X axis bisecting depth of section:

Emini= L/500 + D/30 = 4475/500 + 400/30=22.28 mm

Mmini = Pu emini= 242.87 x 22.28/1000=5.41 KNm < 138.66 KNm


Mu1=138.66 KNm

Since the column is subjected to vertical load only and its top end is held
in position hence Leff is assumed to 0.8 x unsupported length of column.

Leff= 0.8 x 4.475 =3.58 m

Leff/D= 3.58/0.40= 8.95 <12 Column is Short.

Assuming 8 mm lateral ties and 20 mm Dia bars

Effective cover =40+8+20/2 =58 mm

d/D =58/500 =0.116 =0.12

Pu/fck b D= 242.87 x 103/ 20 x 300 x 500= 0.08

Mu/fck b D2 = 138.66 x 106 /20 x 300 x 5002 = 0.09 say 0.10


Referring to charts 44 & 45 of SP 16

d/D Pu/fck b D Mu/fck b D2 p/fck


0.10 0.08 0.10 0.058
0.15 0.08 0.10 0.062
0.12 0.08 0.10 0.060

p= 0.060 x 20 = 1.20

Ast = 1.20 /100 x 300 x 500 = 1800 mm2

Mini. Ast = 0.80/100 x 300 x 500= 1200 mm2

Provide (4 Nos. 20 mm Dia + 4 Nos. 16mm Dia) RTS Distributed equally


on each face.

Total Ast Provided = 2060 mm2 > 1800 mm2

Bending about Y axis bisecting width of column:

The Column is braced at lintel level by beam of size 230 mm x 300mm at


height of 2.50m above plinth level.

Unsupported length of top section of column,

= 4.85 (2.5 +0.6+0.3) =1.45 m

Eminiy= L/500 +b/30 = 1450 /500 + 300/30 = 12.90 mm

Mininy = Pu eminiy = 242.87 x 12.90/1000=3.13 KNm

Ieff/ b= 14500/300 =4.83 < 12.0 Column is short.

d/ b = 58/300 = 0.19 say 0.20

Pu/fck b D= 242.87 x 103/ 20 x 300 x 500= 0.08

Mu/fck b D2 = 3.13 x 106 /20 x 300 x 5002 = 0.0021

Referring to chart 46 of SP 16 p/fck < Mini. Chart value. Hence adopt


same reinforcement.

Column at Bottom Section:

Assuming depth of Footing = 400mm

Ultimate load at top of Footing:

Load at top of Column = 161.91 KN.

Self weight of column 0.3 x 0.5 x 4.85 x 25 = 18.19 KN


Outer Wall Load .23 x (4.85-0.75-0.3) x 19.2 x 3.20 = 54.41 KN

Weight of Grade beam 0.3 x 0.6 x 10.50/2 x 25 = 23.63 KN

0.23 x 0.3 x 3.50 x 25 = 6.04 KN

Total load on Column at Footing level = 264.18 KN

Ultimate Load on Column 1.5 x 264.18 = 396.27 KNm

Ultimate Bending Moment at Footing level 1.5 x 41.84 = 62.76 KNm

d/D =58/500 =0.116 =0.12

Pu/fck b D= 396.27 x 103/ 20 x 300 x 500= 0.13

Mu/fck b D2 = 62.76 x 106 /20 x 300 x 5002 = 0.04

Referring to charts 44 & 45 of SP 16

d/D Pu/fck b D Mu/fck b D2 p/fck


0.10 0.13 0.04 < Chart
value
0.15 0.13 0.04 < Chart
value
0.12 0.13 0.04 < Chart
value

Mini. Ast = 0.80/100 x 300 x 500= 1200 mm2

Provide (4 Nos. 20 Dia +4 Nos. 16 mm Dia) RTS Distributed equally on


each face.

Total Ast Provided = 2060 mm2 > 1200 mm2


Design of End beam (230 x 300 mm):

Using one way continuous slab coefficients given in Table 9 of IS 456-


2000, the bending moment for End beam may be calculated and designed
similar to Main Beam.

Design of Footing:

Size of the Footing:


Axial Load on footing =396.27/1.5 =264.18 KN

Self weight of footing 10% = 26.42 KN

Total load =290.60 KN

SBC of soil =150 KN/m2

Working moment at top of footing M =41.84 KNm

Eccentricity e =M/P = 41.84/290.60 = 0.14m

To avoid tension in the foundation breadth b =6 e =6 x 0.14=0.84 m

Area of footing required =290.60/150=1.91m2

Provide 1.50 x 1.30m size of footing with equal projection on both sides.

Actual soil pressure =264.18/1.50 x 1.30=135.48 KN/m2

< 150 KN/m2 (SBC)


Factored soil pressure 1.5 x 135.48 =203.22 KN/m2

Bending moment & Steel:

Cantilever projection = 1500 -500 =500mm

Mux =Muy = 203.22 x 0.502 /2 x 1.50 =38.10 KNm

Depth required d= 38.10 x 106/2.76 x 1500 =95.93 mm

Provide D =350 mm & d=350-50-10-10/2=285 mm

K=Mu/b d2 = 38.10 x 106 /1500 x2852 =0.31

pt from Table 2 of SP 16 =0.0879 , 0.205 i.e Minimum steel

Minimum Ast= 0.205 x 1500 x 285 = 876.38 mm2

100

Provide 12 Nos. 10 mm RTS bothways. (Ast = 942 mm2 > 876.38mm2)


Development length:

Development length = 47 # = 47 x 10 =470mm

Available anchorage = 500-50 (cover) =450mm < 470mm

Hence bent the rod at the end upwards for footing depth.

Check for one way shear:

Shear at d=285mm from face of the column = 0.215 x 1.3 x 203.22


=56.80KN

100 Ast/b d =100 x 942/1500 x 285= 0.22 %

c from Table of IS 456-2000 =0.342 N/mm2

Actual shear stress = 56.80 x 103 /1500 x 285 = 0.13 N/mm2 < 0.342
N/mm2

Check for two way shear :

Factored shear at d= 285/2 from face of the column

Vu ={ 1.50 x 1.3 (0.785 x 0.585)} x 203.22 =302.96 KN

d=285 mm b= (500+285) + (300 + 285) =1370mm

v = Vu/ Perimeter x d= 302.96 x 103/1370 x 285 = 0.776 N /mm2


Design shear =ks c =

Ks=(0.5 +c) =1.5 ks should not greater than 1

Ks=1 c=0.25 fck = 0.25 20 = 1.12 N/mm2

Ks c = 1 x 1.12 =1.12 N/mm2

v < ks c Hence Ok.

Check for cracking:

Clear distance between bars = (1500 -100-10)/ (12-1) =126.36mm


<180mm Ok.

Check for bearing stress :

Allowable bearing stress = 0.45 fck A1/A2

A1/A2 should not greater than 2


Allowable bearing stress = 0.45 fck x 2 =0.45 x 20 x 2= 18 N/mm2

Actual Shear stress = Column load/Area of top of footing = 1.5 x 264.18 x


103

500 x 300

=2.64 N/mm2 < 18 N/mm2 Hence Ok.

Also dowels are not required.

Check for self weight of footing:

Weight of footing at base =1.5 x 1.3 x 0.35 x 25 =17.06 KN < 26.42KN


Ok.

Sketch :
Grade Beam Design : the Grade Beam may be Designed for wl2/30 as per
IS 2911.

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