15/05/2017 UnderstandingPrimarySecondaryPumpingPart6:5WaystoPumpanHVACSystem

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Feruar18,2014
Pleaseclickthelinkselowto
viewindexesofpostsgrouped
Chrisdmondson
dateandtitle,categories,
Theresmorethanonewatopumpachilleroroiler andtags:
sstem.Infact,therearefivecommonapproaches,
MainArchive-Title&Date
andallutoneincludessomevariationofourtopicof
ArchiveofCategories
late--primarsecondarpumping.
ArchiveofTags
VarialePrimarPumping
Series
Contemporarsstemsthatdonotutilizeprimar
secondarpumpingaretpicallknownasvariale AirManagementand
primarsstems.Inthissimpledesign,thereisonl Pressurization
onesetofpumps(chilleroroilerpumps)creatingflow CommercialewageLift
fortheentiresstem.AsoucanseeinFigure1,there tations
isstillacommonpipeetweenthechillerpumpsand

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15/05/2017 UnderstandingPrimarySecondaryPumpingPart6:5WaystoPumpanHVACSystem

thesstemdistriution,uttherearenosecondar CondensingoilerPlant
pumps.Acontrolvalveisinstalledinthecommon Piping
pipe.throttlingthisvalve,wecreateapressure CoolingTowerand
dropthroughthecommonpipe,whichforcesmore CondenserWaterDesign
waterintothedistriutionpiping.Thecontrolvalveis DomesticHotWater
theonlmeansofcontrolinthistpeofsstem. Recirculation
nergfficientHotWater
Pros/Cons:Generallspeaking,varialeprimar oilerPlantDesign
sstemscanhavelowerfirst-cost,utpumping HowtoReadaPump
operatingcostscanincreaseecauseofthewasted Curve
horsepowerthatisassociatedwiththrottlingacontrol Humidificationasics
valve.Varialeprimaronchilledwatersstems Hdronicalancing
allowsfordelta-Tcompensationifoucanover-pump ModernPumpelection
achiller.Controlsequencescanedifficulttomaster ParallelPumpingin
andsuchsstemsarenotaseasilexpandedtomeet CondenserWater
growingorchangingdemandsassstemswith Applications
secondarpumps. PartLoadfficienc
Values
Figure1 Pumpfficienctandards
teamasicseries
UnderstandingPrimar
econdarPumping

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liketoreceive.

PrimarecondarPumping

Thenextstepupisasimpleprimarsecondarsstem
somethingweveeentalkingaoutextensivelover
thelastseveralweeks.InFigure2oucanseeallthe
asicuildinglocksofvirtuallantpeofprimar

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15/05/2017 UnderstandingPrimarySecondaryPumpingPart6:5WaystoPumpanHVACSystem

secondarconfiguration.Constantspeedpumpsdrive
theflowthroughtheprimar(chilleroroiler)loop.A
separatesecondarpumpdeliversvarialeflowtothe
secondarloopandtwo-wavalvesareappliedto
controlflowthrougheachzone.

Pros/Cons:Thissimpledesigntpicallhasalowfirst
costandgoodflexiilit.Italsodecreasesthe
complexitofthechilleroroilerstagingandcontrol
eliminatingon/offvalvesandmin/maxflow
requirements.However,efficiencislimitedecause
thezonenearesttotheprimarloopissusceptileto
over-pressurization.

Figure2

Primar-econdar-TertiarPumping

Inaprimar-secondar-tertiarsstem(Figure3),
thingsstarttogetaitmorecomplicated,utthe
principlesareallthesame.Thecommonpipe
(whetheritisetweentheprimarloopandthe
secondarloop,orthesecondarloopandthetertiar
loop)actsasthedecoupler,soflowsactindependentl
ofoneanotherandthereisextradegreeofthermal
isolation.

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15/05/2017 UnderstandingPrimarySecondaryPumpingPart6:5WaystoPumpanHVACSystem

Pros/Cons:Primar-econdar-Tertiarsstemshave
longeenappliedtolargecampus-tpeinstallations
withlongpiperuns.Thegivethedesignerthe
flexiilittoseparatefar-offzonessothatthe
secondarpumpsneedntearsuchhighheadloss
urdens.Theofferexcellentdesignflexiilit
ecauseflowtoeachzoneisindependent,thus
primar-secondar-tertiarpumpingisagoodoption
forsstemswithdiverseloadpatterns.Firstcostsare
highergiventheextrapumpsandtwowavalves,ut
whenproperldesignedprimar-secondar-tertiar
pumpingofferssignificantlloweroperatingcost.
uchsstemsarealsoeasilexpandaleecause
additionswillnotimpactthefloworalanceofexisting
pumps.

Figure3

Primar-econdar-TertiarHrid

Primar-secondar-tertiardesignsmaalsoe
hridized,meaningoudonthavetoputatertiar
looponeverzone.Rather,oucanisolateahigh
headlosszonewithatertiarpumpwhilecontinuingto
efficientlservenearzoneswiththesecondar
pumps.Figure4showsaprimar-secondar-tertiar
hriddesign.

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Pros/Cons:Thisapproachoffersalltheefficiencand
flexiilitofastandardprimar-secondar-tertiar,ut
doeseliminatesomeoftheextraequipmentcosts.

Figure4

Primar-econdarZone

Finall,thereistheprimar-secondar-zone
approach.Inaprimar-secondarzonedesign,
separatepumpsserveeachindividualzone;thereis
notadedicatedsecondarlooppump.Asoucansee
inFigure5,thereisnocommonpipeetweenthe
individualzones,thereforeachangetoonezonewill
impactflowthroughtheotherzones.Forthatreason,
thisisnottheestchoiceforasstemthatislikelto
facefutureexpansionorrenovation,aschangesin
existingloadsmightrequireresizingofallpumps.

Thistpeofdesignhasthepotentialforhighenerg
savings,utwithcertaincaveats,includingslow
reactiontimetochangesinsstemdemand.ecause
thepumpsareinparallel,specialattentionmustthe
paidtotheselectionandperformancecurvesmuste
compatile.Also,undercertainloadconditions,the
returnpressuremaehigherthanthesuppl

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pressure,whichcouldcreateprolemswiththe
primarloopequipment.

Pros/Cons:Themainadvantagetothispiping
arrangementissignificantllowersstempressures,
andreducedhorsepower.Controllailit,however,isa
challengeecausethereisnodecouplingetween
zones.xpandingthesstemcouldalsoequite
costl.

Figure5

JMP 10Comments 0Likes hare

PumpsAndPiping,PrimarecondarPumping,HdronicCooling,Primar
econdareries
Primar/econdar,ChillerPumps,oilerPumps,HVACPumping,Variale
Primar,Pumping,PrimarecondarTertiar,HridPumpingDesign,Zone
Pumping

COOLINGTOWRANDCONDNRWATR...
UNDRTANDINGPRIMARYCONDARY...

Comments(10) NewestFirst uscrieviae-mail

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15/05/2017 UnderstandingPrimarySecondaryPumpingPart6:5WaystoPumpanHVACSystem

Preview POTCOMMNT

rad 5monthsago

Chad,ourfigures2andhigher,aswellas
AHRAsdiagrams,resultinaparallel/series
pumpingcondition.
Ihaveseenthisprolemshowuprepeatedlon
designs,anditmadeitintothefield.Lookat
AHRA2016Fundamentalschapter13figure
10.Thatishowade-couplershouldlook,andnot
drawnforconvenience,ortotrtosaveafew
fittingsassomefirmsdo.Thisisanindustrwide
prolemthatneedsaddressing.
Ifouwonderwhoudon'thearaoutit,who
isgoingtoexposeanothercompanthework
withtoliailit?othTAandCXreportseither
glossoverorjustplainurtheprolem.

ullheadteesarespecificallprohiitedinthe
IMC.
https://law.resource.org/pu/us/code/ir/icc.imc.2006.pdf

TheotherconditionIfindtoooftenisutterfl
valvesthatareinstalledattacheddirectlto
fittings.Thiscompoundsthepressuredropas
wellaserodesthevalvesseatsovertime.There
usedtoestandardsthatrequired~6pipe
diametersonothsidesofavalveutIcan't
locateit.

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Chaddmondson
5monthsago

orradutIcannotfindanthingpulished
aoutullheadtees.Keepinmindthepiping
schematicsaregenericandmeanttoshowthe
generalsstemlaout.Thepressuredropacross
thedecoupler(commonpipe)shouldalwase
extremellow.Keepinmindinaclosedloop
sstemitisachangeinpressuredropthatwill
causeflowthrualoop.Itisthecalculated
pressuredropetweentheteesthathastoe
minimal.ifthecommonpipeissizedcorrectl
thentheloopswillalwaseisolatedand
velocitwillnotcauseflowintheother.elland
Gossetthasanothergoodtrainingvideoonit.
eetheelowhelpsandthanks!

http://ellgossett.com/training-education/e-
learning/

radweaver 5monthsago

Chad,
Haveouhadachancetoreviewmcomments?
tilllookingforanarticleonullheadsteesfrom
ou.

Regards,
rad

rad 6monthsago

Chad,
IwatchedthevideoontheTlaw.Thepiping
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showntheredoesshowatrue"decoupler",
wherethesecondarisofftheteeranches
&GtechnicalmanualTH-775dated1968
showseverexamplethiswa.Now,takethe
decouplerandmoveit"up"intothesecondar
loopsoouhave4elowsandtwotees.
Anotherwatodescrieitishavethesecondar
tapsontheteeendsandthedecouplerrunning
etweentheteeranchtaps.Thisislikeour
otherfiguresIwastalkingaout.thepressure
dropacrossthedecouplerisnowequaltothe
pressuredropacrossourprimarloop.Your
secondarloopvelocitpressuredrivesstraight
intoourprimarloop.Turningoffourprimar
pumpwillnotstopflowthroughthatloop,the
secondarpumpwillcontinuetopushthrough
theloop.

Doouhaveanvideosorinformationon
prolemsassociatedwithullheadtees?

rad 6monthsago

Iamconfusedourdescriptionofaprimar
varialeflowsstem.Tpicallthepassvalve
isactuallalow-flowvalvetopreventunder-
flowingthechillersandfreezingtheevaptues.
ItstasclosedandtheVFDcontrolstotheDP
setpoint.Uponreachingapresetminimumflow,
thevalveopenstorecirculateackthroughthe
chiller.IhaveusedthislogicwithFlow
TechnologDelta-Pvalvessuccessfull.Wehave
droppedthesstemDPtoaslittleas3PIwitha
22-degreedifferentialatthecoils.

Inaddition,Ithinkourdiagrams2thru5mae
misleadingastowhatade-couplerreallisand
whereitshouldelocated?Doesn'tFigure1
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depictitcorrectl,whiletheothersfigures
actuallshowaseries/parallelpumping
arrangementwherethesecondarpumpsdrive
throughtheprimarpumps.Ihaveseenthis
conditionon3installationswheretheprimar
pumpshavetriple-dutvalvesorcircuitsetters
thatareasmuchas75%closedtoprevent
overflowingthechillers,producinglowDT
prolems.
Ialsohaveonewheretheairseparatorwas
installedintheprimarloop,notthesecondar.

Chaddmondson
6monthsago

Heradandthanksforthecomments.
Youarecorrectinregardstothepurpose
andcontrolofthevalveinaprimar
varialeflowsstem.Thevalveisthereto
makesurethechilleralwashasit
minimumflow.Ifenough2-wavalvesare
openinthesstemthenthevalvecane
modulateclose.Ittpicallwouldstartto
openduringperiodsoflowload(flow).As
farasprimarsecondarandthedifferent
variationsofthistpeofsstemIwould
recommendreviewingtheelowvideos.
ellandGossettalsohasagooddesign
manualinregardstovarialeprimar
pumpingthatcanalsoefoundatthe
elowlink.Thanks!

https://www.outue.com/plalist?
list=PLAHGvoGVllg8MxriI2MO-
NOFD_zQw

http://documentlirar.xlemappliedwater.com/wp-
content/logs.dir/22/files/2012/07/TH-
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910A.pdf

Marshallemore
2earsago

InoticethatthereisnodiscussionofaVariale
Primar/Varialeecondar(VPF-VF)chilled
watersstem.

AVPF-VFchilledwatersstemcan:

Maintainchilledwaterflowthroughthe
decouplerpipingatornearzeroproducing
onlthechilledwaterrequiredthe
distriutiondemand.

Loadchillersto100%ifrequired.

Maintainthedistriutiondesignchilledwater
temperatureatalltimes.

eeAHRAJournalOctoer2014article
"implifiedChillerequencing."

http://uwf.edu/media/universit-of-west-
florida/offices/facilities-development--
operations/docsues/!AHRA-Journal---Octoer-
2014-implified-Chiller-equencing.pdf

Thearticlediscussesanapproachfor
sequencingmultiplechillersandcontrollingthe
primarpumpspeedwithonlfourtemperature
sensorsusedtoanalzetemperaturesentering
andleavingthedecouplerpipingconnections.

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JMP 3earsago

ThanksforthecommentRoandalwasgood
tohereofnewthings.Hereareacoupleof
thoughts:Wewouldstillwanttheairseparator
onthesuctionsidesowehavethehottestwater
atthelowestpressure.Keepinmindthepump
contriutiontothetemperatureincreasefrom
thepumpmightalsoespreadoutoverthe
sstem(duetofrictionloss).Another
considerationalsowoulderaisingtheinlet
pressuretothechillerhavingthesecondar
pumpsinthislocation(rememerthepointofno
pressurechangeistheexpansiontank).You
needtomakesureoudonotruntheriskof
exceedingthepressureratingofthechiller.
Thanksfortheinput!

RoRettew 3earsago

OneofthealternatearrangementsI'vedonein
primar-scondarpipingistoputthesecondar
pumpsinthereturnacktothechillersinstead
ofinthesupplleadingouttotheloads.The
advantageofthisissomeenergsavings.This
savingswillcomefromthefactthatthechillers
nowhavetheopportunittoremovethe
pumpingenergsothatthewateroutofthe
chillergoesstraighttotheloads.Inotherwords,
oudon'thavetoconsiderthetemperaturerise
inthewaterduetothepumpingenergofthe
secondarpumpssothatifouwant,asan
example,45degreesFatourloads,oucan
getthatrightoutofthechillerinsteadofpushing
thechillerdowntosa43.5(orso)degreesFto
get45degreesFatourloads.Ididthisona

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projectinCharlotteanditworkedgreat!TheTA
guswerealittleconfusedutadmittedthatit
workedfinetheirmeasurements.

Hassan 3earsago

Cansomeonesuggestwheretoinstallair
seperator,makeupwaterconnection,expansion
tank,chemicaldosingfeederinthegivenchilled
watercircuits.Thanks

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