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What is Biogas?
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Biogas is an alternative and renewable energy that can be produced by the Home
anaerobic (absence of oxygen) decomposition of organic matter. Biogas is The
typically consisting of 60% of Methane and 40% of CO2. It also contains trace About The Eco Ambassador Ecoambassador
amount of other gases like Nitrogen, Hydrogen and Hydrogen Sulphide.
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Basic Information on
Environmental Awarness
How to Produce it?
Water Pollution Recent Advances in
Biogas is produced when organic material get decomposed and broken down by Anaerobic Digestion in
Water Pollution One Document!
micro-organisms anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen). The whole
degradation and biogas production process can be break down in the three basic Causes of Water Pollution
steps as follows:
Effects of Water Pollution

Water Pollution Facts

Water Pollution Pictures

Water Pollution References

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1. Hydrolysis: This is the first step where particulate materials get converted to Greenhouse Effect
soluble compounds suitable for further breakdown in the next step.
What is Global Warming
2. Fermentation: The second step of degradation is known as fermentation or
acidogenesis where the products of hydrolysis such as simple sugars, amino Global Warming Effects
acids, fatty acids etc. break down further and produce final products of
fermentation such as H2, CO2 and acetate. What is a Carbon Footprint?

3. Methanogenesis: The third and final step of anaerobic degradation is Calculate Carbon Footprint
known as methanogenesis. In this process, one group of microorganism known as
aceticlastic methanogens, converts acetate into H2 and CO2. Then a second Reduce Carbon Footprint
group of microorganism referred as as Hydrogen-utilizing methanogens
combined H2 and CO2 into methane (CH4). The end product of methanogenesis Information on
is biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Environmental
Technology
For more detail information refers to the anaerobic process schematic diagram.
Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic Digestion Basics

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Why Anaerobic Digestion

Anaerobic Digestion Wastes

Anaerobic Digestion
Pre-treatment

Anaerobic Digestion Book

In Anaerobic Digestion (AD) technology, organic materials are let decomposed

and broken down by anaerobic microorganisms by creating optimum
environment for them to work. Anaerobic digestion take place generally in an
enclosed vessel known as anaerobic digester with or without mixing, and the
process can be perform either in Batch, semi-continuous or in continuous mode.
This almost 200 years old technology has evolved over the year and exists from
its very basic to most advanced form.

To know more details about different type of Anaerobic digesters go to the

following link

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digester_types

Biogas Producing Material/Substrate

The following categories of organic material can be suitable substrate for biogas
production:-

Domestic Source Separated Organic (SSO) Waste

This waste category include separately collected kitchen waste like fruit and
vegetable waste, food waste, coffee and tea filters and other organic leftovers.

Yard and Plant waste

Yard or plant waste include leaves; garden wastes likes flowers, plants,
vegetables; branches and tree trimmings, grass clippings etc.

Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Sludge

The publicly treated wastewater treatment plants produced sewage sludge and
that is also a suitable substrate for biogas production. Although due to its limited
potential for biogas production it is not treated as a high quality substrate.

Manure from Animal

Solid or liquid manure produced from animal in the farms (cow, pig, chicken etc.)
is one of the main substrate for biogas production.

Energy Crops

Energy crops are plants suitable for producing biogas and other renewable energy
and are referred to corn, Sudan grass, maize, millet, white sweet clover etc.

Industrial and Restaurant Food waste

Industrial food wastes are mainly come from food and meat production sites like
slaughter house waste, whey, potato mash, brewer grains etc. In addition food
waste can be collected from restaurants, grocery stores, and other food handling
facilities and used as high potential biogas producing substrates.

More on Evaluating Feed Stocks Biogas Generation Potential: BMP Assay

More on Co-Digestion of Energy Rich Feed Stocks

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How Anaerobic Digestion Technology and Biogas

Works

Anaerobic Digestion technology can provide a complete solution to organic waste

management. As discussed in the earlier section various types of organic
material, waste or substrate can be used as a feed in the anaerobic digestion
technology. The end product of the anaerobic digestion is Biogas and digestate
(left over of the feed after the anaerobic fermentation and degradation). Biogas
generated through the process can be converted to electricity or heating through
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation unit. Biogas can also be further
refined to pipeline-quality gas (comparable to natural gas, which is 97% methane)
and used as fuel to run public transportation or waste collection vehicles. Thus
producing biogas from local organic waste can provide a stable, local supply of
renewable energy.

In addition, the nutrients and solid materials from the digestate can be
concentrated and converted to a valuable resource such as compost for soil
amendment purposes or use as a dry organic fertilizer. Thus, with anaerobic
digestion for organic waste, it will be possible to offset a large amount of fossil
fuel consumption while keeping organic waste out of the landfill and avoiding
associated greenhouse emissions. The diagram shows conversion of various
organic wastes via anaerobic digestion technology and different beneficial uses of
the process end products. So, the key advantage of using Biogas or Anaerobic
Digestion (AD) Technology is:

1. AD can provide an alternative energy source which is promising in the midst

of energy scarcity and rising oil price.

2. AD can convert waste to bioenergy, renewable fules and valuable resources

thus divert waste from landfill and reduce green house gas emission.

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