Word Formation Processes 6.
Blending two words are merged and
How do we form new words in English?
1. Zero derivation in which the form of
a word is unchanged, but its function
is changed
a. run (verb); run (noun)
b. walk (verb); walk (noun)
2. Stress shift in which the audible
emphasis of a syllable changes to
create a new word
a. reject (noun, stress on first
syllable); reject (verb, stress on
the second syllable
b. record
3. Ablaut an alteration of vowels
a. Man men
b. Goose geese
c. Sing sang sung
4. Compounding forms a word out of
two separate words. (Compound
words)
a. Band + wagon
b. Every +one
c. Broom + stick
5. Clipping the word formation process
which consists in the reduction of a
word to one of its parts.
Initial clipping (apheresis) bot
{robot}; gator {alligator}; bus
(omnibus)
Final clipping (apocope) - frat
{fraternity}; prof {professor}
condo {condominium}
Medial clipping (syncope)
words with a final-clipped
stem retaining the functional
morpheme: maths
(mathematics), specs
(spectacles)
contractions due to a
gradual process of elision
under the influence of
rhythm and context: fancy
(fantasy), ma'am (madam)
Complex clipping - comp sci
{computer science}; Fil-Am
{Filipino-American};
the result is blended word
a. Motel (motorist and hotel)
b. Smog (smoke and fog
c. Oplan (operational plan)
d. Spork (spoon and fork)
7. Acronym formed by taking the first
letter or the two initial letters of words
or phrases and making a new word out
of them.
a. Scuba (self-contained
underwater breathing
apparatus)
b. Radar (radio detection and
ranging)
c. DOLE ( Department of Labor
and Employment)
d. DOJ (Department of Justice)
e. Lol (laugh out loud)
8. Onomatopoeia (echoism) a word that
imitates the sound it represents.
a. Achoo
b. Ahem
c. Mwah
d. Tsup
e. Slurp
9. Coinage refers to the invention of
new terms or the use of proper names
or trade which eventually become
common words that refer to a general
type of product, regardless of the
brand.
a. Colgate
b. Xerox
c. Aspirin
10.Reduplication repeating of parts of
words to make new words, usually
they rhyme.
a. Zigzag
b. Bling-bling
c. Walkie-talkie
d. Knock-knock
11.Affixation the addition of one or
more affixes to a root. This covers
both prefixation and suffixation.
a. Hopeful
b. Improvement
c. Irresponsible