Resortes 1

Resortes II http://profesor.sis.uia.mx/~cosornio/dismaquinas...
RESORTES I
Definicin:
Componentes mecnicos cuya finalidad es:
Mantener una posicin
Aplicar una fuerza
Absorber vibraciones
Almacenador de energa.
Tipos:
Helicoidales de tensin , compresin y torsin
De hojas
Beneville
1 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
Resortes de Compresin
A compression spring is an open-coil helical spring that offers

resistance to a compressive force applied axially. Compression springs
are usually coiled as a constant diameter cylinder.
Specifications for Compression Springs
In Ordering Give the Following Information as Completely as Possible:
Free Length, Maximum, Minimum.
Controlling Diameter, Outside Diameter Maximum. Inside Diameter

Minimum. Pitch Diameter. Works Inside (Dia. Hole). Works Over (Dia.
Shaft).
Number of Coils.
2 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
Wire Size. Decimal size if possible. Material, Kind and Grade.
Loads at deflected positions.
Style of Ends, (see illustrations). Right or Left Hand Wound.
Finish. Plain unless otherwise specified.
Maximum Solid Length.
Frequency of Compression.
How to Determine Rate
Rate which is the change in load per unit deflection, may be determined
by the following procedure:
Deflect spring to approximately 20 percent of available deflection and

measure load (P ) and spring length (L ).
1 1
Deflect spring to approximately 80 percent of available deflection and

measure load (P ) and spring length (L ). Be certain that no coils (other
2 2
than closed ends) are touching L .
2
Calculate rate (R) lb./in. (N/mm)

R = (P - P ) / (L - L )
2 1 1 2
Resortes de Extensin
Extension Springs are springs which absorb and store energy by offering resistance to a pulling force
. Various types of ends are used to attach the extension spring to the source of the force.
3 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
Specifications for Extension Springs
In Ordering Give the Following Information as Completely as Possible:
Length, Maximum, Minimum, (Over all, Over coil, Inside Hooks).
Controlling Diameter: Outside Diameter Maximum. Inside Diameter Minimum.
Wire Size. Decimal size if Possible. Material, Kind and Grade.
Number of Coils.
Style of Ends, (see illustrations). Right or Left Hand Wound.
Finish (Plain unless otherwise specified).
Load Required, Length Inside Hooks (Length of Coil if wire size not specified).
Maximum Extended Length (Over all, Over coil, Inside Hooks).
Deflection or Distance of Travel. Frequency of Extension.
Is Position of Ends important? (Making the ends of springs bear a definite relation to each other
usually adds to the cost of manufacture.)
Note: Extension springs made from tempered or hard-drawn wires can be and usually are wound
with initial tension. Such tension may average 20% of the totel safe stress of the springs, but will not
increase the elastic limit.
4 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
Geometra de los resortes helicoidales:
5 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
Formulacin:
6 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
C = D/d
3
t = Ks ( 8FD/pd )
Ks = 2C + 1 /2C
Kc = K /Ks
B
4 3
k = d G/8D N
Formulacin para Fatiga:

Se = 45 Kpsi ( 310 Mpa) para resortes no tratados con perdigones
S = 67.5 Kpsi (465 Mpa) para resortes tratados con perdigones
3
t = Ks ( 8FaD/
pd )
a
3
t = Ks ( 8FmD/
pd )
m
SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR COMPRESSION SPRINGS
To Work In
Outside
In. Hole
Diameter In.
7 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
To Work Over
Inside
In. Shaft
Diameter In.
Wire Material
Diameter In. Type
or/ Rate
Total Per
Coils Inch
Max.
Free Solid
Length In. Hght.
lbs. at
Load inches
Finish
Coil Style of
Direction Optional Ends Closed
Right Closed & Ground
Left Open
Open & Ground
Resortes II
Ejemplo:
Disee un resorte helicoidal de compresin para carga esttica bajo una

deflexin conocida.
Especificaciones:
8 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
1. El resorte debe aplicar una fuerza mnima de 100 lb y una mxima de

150 lb en un rango de deflexin de 0.75"
Suposiciones :
2. Utilizar el material ms barato, sin tratamiento con perdigones, estirado

en fro |( ASTM A227 )
Solucin:
1. Se escoge un dimetro de prueba de 0.162"

2. Se supone un ndice del resorte de C=8, que est a la mitad del rango
recomendado.
Entonces D= dC= 1.30 pulg.
3. Determinar el valor de Ks Ks = 1 + 0.5/8 = 1.06
Entonces
3
t = Ks ( 8FD/pd )
3
t = 1.06 * 8*150*1.3/3.14*(0.162) = 123 714 psi
4. Se determina ahora la resistencia ltima:
b
Sut = Ad
9 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
-0.1822
Sut = 141040*(0.162) = 196 503 psi
Sys = 0.60Sut = 117 902 psi
5. Determinacin del FS N = Ssy/t N== 0 . 9 5
6. Iteracin:
d= 0.192
D= 1.54
t = 88 074 psi
Sut = 190 503 psi
Ssy = 114 308
Ns = 1.3
7. Constante de rigidez del resorte:
k = F2 F1/ Y2 Y1 = (150 100)/0.75 = 66.7 lb/ pul.
8. Se calcula el nmero de espiras activas:
4 3
k = d G/8D N de donde N vale:
4 3
N = (0.192) *11.5E6/8*(1.54) k = 8.09 o sea 8.
Recalculando k da K = 67.4 lb/pul.
10 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
9. Otros datos de la geometra son:
Si los extremos son escuadrados y esmerilados Nd = 2
El nmero total de espiras es:
Nt = N + Nd = 8 + 2 = 10
10. Longitud cerrada del resorte:
Lc = Nt*d = 1.92 Pul
11. Deflexin inicial:
Y = F/k Y = 100/67.4 = 1.48"
12. Deformacin adicional permisible:
Ya = 0.15 y Ya = 0.15(0.75) = 0.113"
13. Longitud libre:
Lf = Lc + Yi + Ya + Yw
Lf = 1.92 + 1.48 + 0.113 + 0.75 = 4.26"
14.- Dflexin mxima:
11 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
Y mx = Lf Lc = 4.26 1.92 = 2.34
15. Fuerza para alcanzar esta deflexin:
F = k Ymx = 158 lb
16. El esfuerzo y factor de seguridad correspondientes a la deflexin mxima:
t = 92 794 psi
N = 114 308/92 794 = 1.2
17.- Revisin para falla por pandeo:
Lf/D = 4.26/1.54 = 2.77
Ymr/Lf = Yi + Yw/Lf = 1.48 + 0.75/4.26 = 0.52
Entrar en la grfica y localizar si la zona es segura contra el pandeo.
18. Dems dimensiones:
Do = D + d = 1.73"
Di = D D = 1.34"
12 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
19. Ubicacin:
Agujero:
D + 0.05D = 1.81"
Gua o perno :
D 0.05D = 1.26"
20.
Peso total del resorte:
W = V* r
2 2 2
W = p2d DNtr/4 = (3.14) *(0.192) *1.54*10*0.28/4 = 0.40 lb
21. Resumen de resultados:
d = 0.192"
Do = 1.73"
Nt = 10 escuadrado y esmerilado
Lf = 4.28"
13 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
PRINT THIS PAGE

Smalley Wave Spring Application Checklist
Smalley fax number : (847) 537-7698
Please print this page, complete and fax to Smalley for a free engineering design proposal.
Name _______________________ Title _____________________ Date ______
Company _______________________ Phone (____) ______________
Address _______________________ Fax (____) ______________
City _______________________ State _____________ Zip _______
Note: all dimensions are not required, Smalley engineer's are available to assist you if required,
call (847) 537-7600.
Step #1 Define spring cavity
Spring operates in a ________ bore diameter
Spring clears a ________ shaft diameter
Pilot on the ____ bore diameter or the ____ shaft diameter
Step #2 Select spring load / rate

Force _______ lb. @ _______ work height #1
Force _______ lb. @ _______ work height #2
Free height _______
Step #3 Outline application

Spring will cycle between heights __________ & __________
Cycle life required ________
Spring will operate in an __________ environment, at a maximum temperature of ________ F
Material ______________________
Application __________________________________________________
14 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
Quantity: Prototype _________ and Production ____________
Fax to Smalley for a prompt design proposal. (847) 537-7698 fax
Smalley Home Page
RESORTES III (Cargas Dinmicas)
Criterios para el Diseo:
El procedimiento es esencialmente el mismo que para el diseo bajo cargas estticas.

El procedimiento al inicio es iterativo
Se escoge un dimetro de alambre inicialmente y un ndice.
Se selecciona tentativamente un material
Se calcula el esfuerzo Sut, Sy , Ssy y Sse. Tambin Fa y Fm para determina los esfuerzos
medios y alternantes. encuentra un F.S.
Donde:
Sse = Lmite de resistencia a la fatiga en torsin
15 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
Sus = Resistencia ltima del material a torsin
Sew = Lmite de
resistencia a la fatiga en torsin del alambre.
Ejemplo:
Problema:
Disee un resorte helicoidal de compresin para carga dinmica para una defexin dada.
Datos:
El resorte debe proporcionar una fuerza mnima de 50 lb y una mxima de 180 lb en in rango de
deflexin de 1". La frecuencia de la fuerza ser de 1000 rpm. Se desea una vida til de 10 aos
de operacin diaria.
Consideraciones:
Alambre para cuerda musical (ASTM A228) con tratamiento por perdigones.
1.- Se determina el nmero de ciclos de vida til deseado:
16 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
N = 1000 rev/ min 60 min/h 2080 h/ao 10 aos = 1.2 E9 ciclos
Por lo que se requiere un diseo a vida infinita.
2.- Fa = 65 lb . Fm = 115 lb.
3.- Se tiene un dimetro de alambre de 0.207 pulg. Si se supone un ndice de resorte de 9, se

tiene D = 1.863".
Ks = 1.056
4. Determinacin de esfuerzos inicial y medio:
ti = Ks 8FiD/pd3 = 28 229 psi esfuerzo en para la carga mnima.
tm = Ks 8FmD/pd3 = 64 926 psi esfuerzo medio.
5. Determinacin de la constante de Whal Kw y ta:
Kw = (4C 1)/(4C 4 ) = 1.162
ta = Kw 8FaD/pd3 = 40 401 psi
6. Determinacin de Sut, Sus y Ssy:
b 0.625
Sut = Ad = 184 649 ( 0.207 ) = 238 507 psi
17 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
Ssu = 0.67 Sut = 159 800 psi
Ssy = 0.60 Sut = 143 104 psi
7.- Determinacin del lmite de resistencia a la vida infinita:
Sew = 67 500 psi para alambre con tratamiento con perdigones
Ses = 68 043 psi
8.- El factor de seguridad:
Nfs = Ses (Ssu ti ) / Ses ( tm ti ) + Ssu ta
Nfs = 1.00
Lo cual no es aceptable, por lo que hay que hacer iteraciones.
Se ve que al disminuir el ndice del resorte se incrementa el factor de seguridad, pero la longitud
libre se incrementa exponencialmente al reducir el ndice, el dimetro de espira se incrementa
linealmente y el peso disminuya ligeramente.
Haciendo iteraciones hasta tener un ndice de 7 arroja los resultados:
18 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
C = 7, D = 1.45", Kw = 1.21, Ks = 1.07
ti = 22 286 psi, ta = 32 796,psi, tm = 51 258 psi, Nfs = 1.3
9. Rigidez del resorte:
k = F2 F1/ y = 130/ pul.
10. Nmero de espiras activas:
4
Na = d G/8D3k = 6.67 se acerca a 6, entonces k = 128.5 lb/pul
11.- Con extremos escuadrados y esmerilados se tiene Nt = Na + Nd = 8.75
12 Longitud de resorte cerrado: Ls = dNt = 1.81"
13. La deformacin inicial para la fuerza menor = Fi/ k = 0.389"
19 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
14. Longitud de tolerancia, considerando una tolerancia de 15% nos da: 0.15 y = 0.15"
15. Longitud libre: Lf = Ls +y tol +Yw + Yi = 3.35"
16. Deflexin hasta la tolerancia = Lf Ls = 1.54"
17 Fuerza para llegar hasta la longitud de tolerancia o seguridad: Ftol = k Ytol = 198 lb
18. Esfuerzo de tolerancia y Factor de seguridad ttol = 88 195 psi
Ns = Ssy /t
tol = 1.6
19. Pandeo:
Lf/D = 3.35/1.45 = 2.31
Ymax/Lf = Yi + Yw/Lf = 0.38 +1/3.35 = 0.41
No se pandea.
2
p2d DNtg/4 = 0.295 lb
20. Peso del resorte: W =
21. Frecuencia natural:
fn = (kg/w)
= 205 Hz = 12 300 ciclos/min
20 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM
Debe ser diferente de la de operacin que es de 1000 rpm.
22. Valores de diseo:
d = 0.207 ", Do = 1.66 ", Nt = 8.75 extremos esc. Y esme. Lf = 3.35 "
ESTUDIO DE CASO
21 of 21 10/28/08 11:21 AM

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Resortes II http://profesor.sis.uia.mx/~cosornio/dismaquinas...

Componentes mecnicos cuya finalidad es:

Mantener una posicin

Aplicar una fuerza

Helicoidales de tensin , compresin y torsin

A compression spring is an open-coil helical spring that offers

Specifications for Compression Springs

In Ordering Give the Following Information as Completely as Possible:

Free Length, Maximum, Minimum.

Controlling Diameter, Outside Diameter Maximum. Inside Diameter

Wire Size. Decimal size if possible. Material, Kind and Grade.

Loads at deflected positions.

Style of Ends, (see illustrations). Right or Left Hand Wound.

Finish. Plain unless otherwise specified.

Maximum Solid Length.

How to Determine Rate

Deflect spring to approximately 20 percent of available deflection and

Deflect spring to approximately 80 percent of available deflection and

Calculate rate (R) lb./in. (N/mm)

Specifications for Extension Springs

In Ordering Give the Following Information as Completely as Possible:

Length, Maximum, Minimum, (Over all, Over coil, Inside Hooks).

Controlling Diameter: Outside Diameter Maximum. Inside Diameter Minimum.

Wire Size. Decimal size if Possible. Material, Kind and Grade.

Style of Ends, (see illustrations). Right or Left Hand Wound.

Finish (Plain unless otherwise specified).

Maximum Extended Length (Over all, Over coil, Inside Hooks).

Deflection or Distance of Travel. Frequency of Extension.

Geometra de los resortes helicoidales:

Formulacin para Fatiga:

S = 67.5 Kpsi (465 Mpa) para resortes tratados con perdigones

SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR COMPRESSION SPRINGS

Right Closed & Ground

Open & Ground

Disee un resorte helicoidal de compresin para carga esttica bajo una

1. El resorte debe aplicar una fuerza mnima de 100 lb y una mxima de

2. Utilizar el material ms barato, sin tratamiento con perdigones, estirado

1. Se escoge un dimetro de prueba de 0.162"

Entonces D= dC= 1.30 pulg.

3. Determinar el valor de Ks Ks = 1 + 0.5/8 = 1.06

4. Se determina ahora la resistencia ltima:

Sys = 0.60Sut = 117 902 psi

5. Determinacin del FS N = Ssy/t N== 0 . 9 5

Sut = 190 503 psi

Ssy = 114 308

7. Constante de rigidez del resorte:

k = F2 F1/ Y2 Y1 = (150 100)/0.75 = 66.7 lb/ pul.

8. Se calcula el nmero de espiras activas:

Recalculando k da K = 67.4 lb/pul.

9. Otros datos de la geometra son:

Si los extremos son escuadrados y esmerilados Nd = 2

El nmero total de espiras es:

10. Longitud cerrada del resorte:

Lc = Nt*d = 1.92 Pul

11. Deflexin inicial:

Y = F/k Y = 100/67.4 = 1.48"

12. Deformacin adicional permisible:

Ya = 0.15 y Ya = 0.15(0.75) = 0.113"

13. Longitud libre:

Lf = 1.92 + 1.48 + 0.113 + 0.75 = 4.26"

14.- Dflexin mxima:

Y mx = Lf Lc = 4.26 1.92 = 2.34

15. Fuerza para alcanzar esta deflexin:

Company _________ Phone ()

Address _________ Fax ()

City _________________ State _ Zip _

Pilot on the bore diameter or the shaft diameter

Force _ lb. @ _ work height #2

Spring will operate in an __ environment, at a maximum temperature of F

Quantity: Prototype _ and Production ____