CULTURAL ASPECTS IN THE TRANSLATION OF SUTJAJAS SATUA BALI

MEN LEKET

Name of Group:

Isabella Michelia Champaca 1501305069

Ni Made Ayu Juliana Dewi 1501305070

Made Yudhi Putrawan 1501305073

Made Devi Indrayani 1501305074

Kadek Arya Nadya Wullan Dewi 1501305075

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ARTS

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY

2017
 TABLE OF CONTENT

I. INTRODUCTION
I.1 Background
I.2 Problems of Study
I.3 Aims of Study
II. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
III. FINDINGS
III.1 The Material Culture Terms Related to Food
III.2 The Material Culture Terms Related to Place
III.3 The Material Cultural Terms Related to Person
III.4 The Material Cultural Terms Related to Tool
III.5 The Material Cultural Terms Related to Flora and Fauna
III.6 The Material Cultural Terms Related to Activities
IV. CONCLUSION

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
As we know language is really important to communicate with people in this
world and every countries have their own language for making people easy to
communicate with people around the world, there are English language as the
International language that almost learn by all of people in this world. People can learn
or understand other language by translate that language into their language. According to
Manser (1996;441), translation is the activity of changing something spoken or written
into another language. It means that whatever we are doing with something (e.g.
 information, idea), when changed into another language is called translation. Although
every country has own language but still can learn other language.
Indonesia that includes many islands also has their own language or called
Indonesia language. Beside of that as we know Indonesia is really famous as tourism
destination because the culture in every islands that make people around the world
interest to visit Indonesia, for example is Bali island. Bali is famous with their beautiful
beaches, culture that include food, place, tradition, religion, activities and also local
language or Balinese Language. It is really important for tourist know about Balinese
culture so that Balinese people still try to conserve and introduce their culture by book.
Such as book that contain traditional tale in Bali. It van tell about tradition or myth that
develop in Bali and also some stories also translated into English language so that people
or tourists can read and know about the meaning of that book. Sometimes cultural words
in that book translated in some ways because it needs procedures to translation cultural
terms into English so that the meaning of those words is not change and deliverable.
In this study, the writers want to identify the kind of cultural material and analyze
the procedures or techniques that used to translate traditional tale in stories by Prof.
Sutjaja that entitled Men Leket from Balinese language into English language.
1.2 Problem of Study
1.2.1 What kind of material culture in story that entitled Men Leket?
1.2.2 What kind of procedures that used to translate in that story?
1.3 Aims of Study
1.3.1 To know about material culture in story that entitled Men Leket
1.3.2 To know kind of procedures that used to translate in that story.

CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The writer took Newmarks techniques to identify all the material culture in the story
that entitled I LENTIR by Prof. Sutjaja. According to Newmark (1988), there are some
techniques for translating cultural- bound terms (CBTs):

1. Transference: it is the process of transferring an SL word to a TL text. It includes

transliteration and is the same as what Harvey (2000:5) named transcription.
2. Naturalization: it adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then to the
normal morphology of the TL. (Newmark, 1988b:82)
3. Cultural equivalent: it means replacing a cultural word in the SL with a TL one.
However, they are not accurate (Newmark, 1988b:83)
4. Functional equivalent: it requires the use of a culture-neutral word. (Newmark.
1988b:83)
5. Descriptive equivalent: in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained in
several words. (Newmark, 1988b:83)
6. Componential analysis: it means comparing an SL word with a TL word which
has a similar meaning but is not obvious one-to-one equivalent, by demonstrating
first. Their common and then their differing sense components (Newmark,
1988b:114)
7. Synonymy: it is a near TL equivalent. Here economy trumps accuracy.
(Newmark, 1988bL:84)
8. Through-translation: it is the literal translation of common collocations, names of
organizations and components of compounds. It can also be called: calque or loan
translation. (Newmark. 1988b:84)
9. Shifts or transpositions: it involves a change in the grammar from SL to TL, for
instance, (i) change from singular to plural, (ii) the change required when a
specific SL structure does not exist in the TL, (iii) change of an SL verb to a TL
word, change of an SL noun group to a TL noun and so forth. (Newmark,
1988b:88)
10. Modulation: it occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the original
text in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL, since the SL
and the TL may appear dissimilar in terms of perspective. (Newmark. 1988b:88)
11. Recognized translation: it occurs when the translator normally uses the official
or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term. (Newmark,
1988b:89)
12. Compensation: it occurs when loss of meaning in one part of sentence is
compensated in another part. (Newmark:1988b:90)
13. Paraphrase: in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained. Here the
explanation is much more detailed that that of descriptive equivalent. (Newmark,
1988b:91)
14. Couplets: it occurs when the translator combines two different procedures.
(Newmark, 1988b:91)
15. Notes: notes are additional information in translation. (Newmark, 1988b:91)
Notes can appear in the form of footnotes. Although some stylists consider a
translation sprinkled with footnotes terrible with regard to appearance, nonetheless,
their use can assist the TT readers to make better judgments of the ST contents. Nida
(1964:237-39) advocates the use of footnotes to fulfill at least the two following
functions: (i) to provide supplementary information, and (ii) to call attention to the
originals discrepancies.
 CHAPTER III
FINDINGS

3.1 The Material Cultural Terms Related to Food

Calling the name of food has difference between each language or also between areas,
for example Balinese people also has their own word for naming the Balinese food.
Sometimes when translate Balinese language (SL) into English language (TL) has different
way to translate it. For example:

SL
Sedek dina anu, nuju I Leket luas
mapikat, ada kone bojog gede ka
kubunne nagih ngidih nasi.
Dening Men Leket sajan tuara
nyakan, dadi tusing kone ia
nepukin nasi.
Teked ditu dapetange I Leket
mabedbed, lantas ia matakon : ih
ne kenken unduke dadi iba
mebedbed? masaut I Leket :
Nah iba bojog, lamun iba tuara
tawang ne sube ubad kenyel.
TL Procedure
One day, when I Leket went out Cultural equivalent
to catch birds, there came a big
monkey to their hut asking for
food.
Since Men Leket truly didnt Modulation
cook, the monkey did not find
anything,
Arriving there he found I Leket Shifts or
being tired; he asked then: hey, transpositions
how come youre tied? I Leket
answered: well, you Monkey, if
you do not know, Ill tell you;
this is how to reduce fatigue.

In SL, nasi means rice for eating everyday and as the basic food. Meanwhile in TL it
translated as food which is food actually not only mean rice but also vegetables, fruits or
snacks. So that the translation of nasi is not accurate, because of that we can conclude this
translation use Cultural equivalent procedure.
In SL nasi means rice but in TL it translated into anything which is it focus on
situation that happened. The word nasi in SL and word anything in TL appear dissimilar in
terms of perspective. So that we can conclude it use modulation procedure.
The words ubad actually means a medicine in English, meanwhile in TL it translated
into reduce which is it is not accurate and similar with ubad but it more direct to the function
or ubad. So that we can conclude this translation use shifts or transposition because it
involves a change in the grammar from SL to TL and it change from SL noun to a TL verb.

3.2 The Material Cultural Terms Related to Place

Sometimes when translate name of place in SL into TL it has different way a to call
their name and it sometimes really difficult but has techniques to identify it. For example:

SL TL Procedure
Sedek dina anu, nuju I Leket luas One day, when I Leket went out Cultural equivalent
mapikat, ada kone bojog gede ka to catch birds, there came a big
kubunne nagih ngidih nasi. monkey to their hut asking for
food.
In SL kubunne means home that lived from a family, in that story kubune located in a
edge of forest. Meanwhile in TL kubunne translate into hut which has similar meaning but not
too accurate because the translator do not know clearly. So that we can conclude that it use
cultural equivalent.

3.3 The Material Cultural Terms Related to Person

Every language in this world have different way to pronoun their name meanwhile
Balinese language also has their own pronoun to call their name or someones name. For
example:

SL TL Procedure
Ada kone anak balu madan Men There was once a widow by the synonymy
Leket, ngubu di sisin alase name Men Leket , living at the
padaduanan pesan ajaka pianakne edge of the forest with only her
I Leket. son, I Leket.
Konden ngancegang jit, suba ia Not sooner than he sat he synonymy
nakonang kedisne: meme, dija inquired about his bird:
kedise dadi sing ada? memene Mother, wheres my bird?
lantas nuturang undukne tekain I Why isnt it here? his mother
Bojog gede. then told him the big monkey
that came.
Lantas ia ngomong: ih iba Then, she spoke: hey, you synonymy
bojog, kema iba megedi, kai tuara Monkey, go away. I dont have
ngelah nasi, kai tuara nyakan any rice, I havent cooked
anything.
In SL balu means woman who had married but live without husband because already
divorce or the hausband had died. In TL balu translated into widow who is has same meaning
with SL so that the writers conclude that translator use synonymy procedure.
Word meme in SL means woman that give birth for us and it has same meaning with
the word mother in TL so that we can conclude it use synonymy procedure.
The words iba or kai in SL and translated into TL as you and I also use synonymy
procedure.

3.4 The Material Culture Terms Related to Tool

Tool in Balinese language also has own name and sometimes hard to transfer the
meaning into English language, for example:

SL TL Procedure
Maan kone ia nasi akau lantas He found one container of rice Culture equivalent
amaha. which he ate.
In SL akau come from words a and kau which is a means one and kau means a half of
coconut shell. So Akau such as measuring container for Balinese people and they usually use
it as place for eating or also we can say it is plate from half of coconut shell. Meanwhile in
TL it is translated into one container both of that words are similar but in TL it is not correctly
explain the meaning of SL or not accurate.

3.5 The Material Culture Terms Related to Flora and Fauna

Different areas have different ways for naming flora and fauna although it has same
meaning or looks. For example:

SL TL Procedure
Sube keto nyemak saang kone I Afterwards I Leket took synonymy
Leket, I bojog lantas lempagine. firewood; the monkey was then
 beaten.
Ade kone kedis itiran abesik There was a dove hung at edge synonymy
megantung sig apit apit kubune, of the roof of her hut; that bird
ento kone lantas tundena Men was asked by the monkey to be
Leket nunuang. grilled.
In SL, saang means dry wood from stick of tree for making fire. It usually used to
cook traditionally. In TL saang translated into Firewood which is it has similar meaning so
that the writers conclude that translator uses synonymy procedure.
In SL kedis itiran means bird that name itiran and it translated into dove because in
English it has own name. Both of those words are similar meaning so that the writers
conclude that translator uses synonymy procedure.

3.5 The Material Cultural Terms Related to Activities

Some of activities in Balinese culture also appear in that story. For example:

SL TL Procedure
Sedek dina anu, nuju I Leket luas One day, when I Leket went out Descriptive
mapikat, ada nkone bojog gede to catch birds, there are came a equivalent
ka kubunne nangih ngidih nasi. big monkey to their hut asking
for food.
In SL mapiket means that activity that do by people to hunt in forest and find birds. It
usually uses sap of plant to catch the birds. Meanwhile mapiket in TL translated into catch
bird which is has same meaning and it is explained in several words.so that we conclude this
use descriptive equivalent procedure.

CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION

As what Newmark stated some techniques for translating cultural- bound terms
(CBTs) they are Transference, Naturalization, Cultural equivalent, functional equivalent,
Descriptive equivalent, componential analysis, synonymy, Through-translation, Shifts or
transpositions, Modulation, Recognized translation, Compensation, Paraphrase, Couplets, and
Notes.
So that Analyze the traditional tale by Prof Sutjaja the writer use Newmarks
techniques and found several words or material culture such as nasi, ubad, meme, iba, kai,
balu, akau, saang, kubunne, mapikat, dan kedis itiran. Which we can analyze all the material
culture and found the procedure that used such as 3 cultural equivalent, 5 synonymy, 1
descriptive equivalent, 1 modulation, and 1 shifts or transpositions.
So the most procedure that used in story entitled Men Leket is synonymy.

REFERENCE

http://khuzainullah.blogspot.co.id/2014/10/definition-of translation_40.html?m=1
http://translationjournal.net /journal/41culture.htm