SBI3013

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOLOGY

DATA LOGGER
Title: The Extraction of Eurycomanone from Tongkat Ali
(Eurycoma Longifolia)
GROUP A
EN. AZMI BIN IBRAHIM
NO STUDENTS NAME ID
1 NOOR ADIBAH BINTI AZHAR D20162075552
2 NORANIZA BINTI SABTU D20162075573
3 NURUL AQILAH BINTI D20162075574
MOHAMAD YUSOFF
INTRODUCTION PAGE 1-2

ENGAGE PAGE 3-4

EMPOWER PAGE 5-6

ENHANCE PAGE 7

UNIQUE FEATURES PAGE 8

QUESTION PAGE 9

CONCLUSION PAGE 9

REFERENCES PAGE 10

Introduction
With the increasing age, the human is always looking for ways to create technology that will
simplify their daily lives. So, in the world of science, especially science education, a lot of
electronic equipment created to facilitate the work of the experiment. One of the creation is a data
logger to help the scientists to record the data from the research results.

What is data logger ?

A data logger, is an electronic instrument that records measurements at set intervals over a period
of time. Depending on the particular data logger, measurements can include: air temperature,
relative humidity, AC/DC current and voltage, differential pressure, time-of-use (lights, motors,
etc.), light intensity, water temperature, water level, dissolved oxygen, soil moisture, rainfall,
wind speed and direction, leaf wetness, pulse signals, room occupancy, plug load, and many more.

Data loggers are typically compact, battery-powered devices equipped with an internal
microprocessor, data storage, and one or more sensors. They can be deployed indoors, outdoors,
and underwater, and can record data for up to months at a time, unattended. A data logger may be
a single-unit, stand-alone device with internal sensors, which fits in the palm of a hand, or it may
be a multi-channel data collection instrument equipped with one or more external sensors.

How does a data logger work?

Sensors have an important role in the data logging process. All physical properties can be
measured with sensors such as light, heat, sound, pressure, acidity and humidity. The sensors send
signals to an interface box, which is linked to a computer. The interface box converts analogue
signals to digital signals that the computer can understand. The computer controlling the process
will take readings at regular intervals. The time interval for data logging is the time between
readings. The logging period is the total length of time over which readings are taken.

The readings are stored in tables and can be displayed in graphs or passed to an application, such
as a spreadsheet, for later analysis. Sometimes it is necessary to record data 'out in the field'. This
is called remote data logging. Readings are stored and brought back to a computer where they are
downloaded and analysed. The equipment in these situations needs to be very robust - equipment
used to monitor water levels would have to be waterproof; similarly equipment working in a
satellite would have to be able to withstand vibration during launch and recovery.

The following describes an experiment to determine the rate at which water cools down from
boiling point:

1. A temperature sensor is placed in the liquid.

2. The sensor is connected to an interface box linked to the computer.

3. The data logging software is set to take readings every 30 seconds (time interval) for 25
minutes (logging period).

The data logging software will typically store the readings in a table. The data can later be
analysed using graph tools.

For this assignment on Data Logger, we have choose Extraction experiment, to identifying the
using of data logger in laboratory work.

So, what is an Extraction ?

Extraction is a process used to remove a desired compound from a solid or a liquid mixture using
a suitable solvent. It is never possible to completely extract or remove a compound from a given
solvent; ideally very little impurity will be left behind. There are three types of extraction;
solid/liquid, liquid/liquid, and acid/base extraction. Solid liquid involves the removal of a
substance from a natural product or solid mixture (for example, hot water and tea/coffee.
Liquid/liquid extraction involves the transfer of the desired compound from one liquid to another.
Often times, a substance is soluble in water, but much more soluble in a different solvent (usually
organic) so the compound becomes dissolved in the second organic solvent. Last is
acid/baseextraction in which an acid (H3O+) or base (OH-) is added to a mixture causing an
unwanted impurity to react and become a solid. This solid is easily filtered out.

Engage

The extraction of Eurycomanone from Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma Longifolia)

All current research on Tongkat Ali shows that Eurycomanone is not only a unique fingerprint to
confirm the correct botanical plant, Eurycoma longifolia Jack, but Eurycomanone is also the main
active ingredient responsible for many of Tongkat Alis pharmacological effects, including its
effects on enhancing testosterone and spermatogenesis.

The dry roots of Tongkat Ali can contain varying amounts of Eurycomanone depending on the
environment they were growing in but one thing is for certain, they will all contain this ingredient
marker.

A question I am often asked is how to know whats an effective Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma
longifolia) product? If a layman were to look on the internet at all the many fly by night
Companies offering Tongkat Ali then you would be led to believe that the highest extraction ratios
are the guarantee of the most powerful effects from Tongkat Ali.

Modern herbal medicine is based on the science of phytochemistry not magic, hype or sales
gimmicks. Modern science-based herbalists have NOT relied on extraction ratios as a valid
method for evaluating herbal extracts for more than 20 years. This is because extraction ratios
can be wildly exaggerated (as is especially prevalent with Companies offering Tongkat Ali
extract) and are completely unverifiable. The only verifiable method to evaluate herbs and herbal
extracts is to check for the presence of chemical markers, the herbs fingerprint so to speak. We
find most US products claiming to contain Tongkat Ali extract claim the standardization markers
of glycosaponins, eurypeptides and polysaccharides, however this is just another form of
marketing jargon to fool the layman into being impressed with something thats also unverifiable,
and from a quality control perspective so general as to be meaningless. In the case of Tongkat Ali
the actual chemical marker is Eurycomanone, the major quassinoid present in the roots of the
plant.

Now that we have identified the correct botanical species and quality by its active marker being
present in an acceptable level, next comes extraction to make a standard amount of the active
ingredients, in particular Eurycomanone, in every dose i.e. capsule. This allows for a high quality,
convenient and consistent herbal product. In the process of extraction, specific solvents are used
to separate the inert components, cell tissue / plant fibres from the medicinally active
phytochemical ingredients. In the case of Tongkat Ali, pure water is a suitable solvent as the
active ingredients, including Eurycomanone, are water soluble. In any efficient extraction of
Tongkat Ali (after extraction, filtration, concentration and drying) the recovered extract will be
around 3%. This means that from 1000 kgs of dry crushed Tongkat Ali root you will be left with
approx. 30 kgs of dry powdered Tongkat Ali extract.

In this process of extraction, we have used a Data Logger or HPLC test to collect data.

EMPOWER

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

(HPLC) is an instrument that commonly used to carry out liquid chromatography to separate
constituent in a sample using a mixture of solvent (mobile phase) and a column of material
(stationary phase). Through this separation the signal of the constituents is manipulated for
chemical profiling or quantitative analysis of constituents of interest.. Because of this versatility,
HPLC is used in a variety of industrial and scientific applications, such as aspharmaceutical,
environment, forensics and chemical.

Sample retention time will vary depending on the interaction between the stationary phase, the
molecules being analyzed, and the solvent, or solvents used. As the sample passes through the
column it interacts between the two phases at different rate, primarily due to different polarities in
the analytes. Analytes that have the least amount of interaction with the stationary phase or the
most amount of interaction with the mobile phase will exit the column faster.

PROCEDURE

1. The sample is placed into three replicates.

2. After that, 5ml of methanol is added into the sample.

3. The sample is sonicated for 15 minutes. After that, the sample is filtered through 0.45m
syringe filter and placed it into the vials.

4. The sample is labeled.

5. Then, the sample is ran by using HPLC instrument.

DATA
Figure 1 Total yield of extract and cost efficiency for sequential of number of extraction steps

Figure 2 : Amount of eurycomanone for multi-steps extractions

Figure 3 : Amount of active ingredients for multi-steps extractions

ENHANCE

TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FOR SEPARATION BY EXTRACTION

While distillation works on the principle of boiling point difference, liquid-liquid extraction
works on the principle of chemical structure difference. This makes extraction ideally suited for
separation problems such as those listed below.

Fermentation and Algae Broths

Biofuels and chemicals produced by biological processes such as fermentation and algae
often require liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) as the first step in recovery and purification.

Phenol from Wastewater

Removal of high boiling organics from wastewater; such as phenol, aniline and nitrated
aromatics.

Acetic Acid Extraction

Recovery of tightly hydrogen-bonded organics from water; such as formaldehyde, formic
acid and acetic acid.

Essential Oil Extraction

Essential oil extraction; such as pharmaceuticals, flavors, fragrances and food products.

Caprolactam Extraction
Recovery of products from reactions; such as caprolactam and adiponitrile (for nylon
production), acrylic acids and agricultural chemicals.

Neutralization/washing of acids or bases from organic stream

Such as acrylates, nitrated organics and chloro-benzene compounds.

Advantages of using Data Logging

 Measurements are always taken at the right time. Unlike a human the computer will not
forget to take a reading or take a reading too late or too early.

Mistakes are not made in reading the results. Humans can make errors. For example it is
quite easy to misread the temperature using the scale on a thermometer.

Data logging devices can be sent to places that humans can not easily get to. e.g. to the
planet Mars, into the bottom of a volcano, or onto a roof of a tall building to get to a
weather station.

Graphs and tables of results can be produced automatically by the data logging software.

Data Logging can be used in remote or dangerous situations.

Data logging can be carried out 24 hours a day, 365 days of the year.

Time intervals for collecting data can be very frequent and regular, for example, hundreds
of measurements per second.

Can be set up to start at a time in the future.

Disadvantages of using Data Logging

If the data logging equipment breaks down or malfunctions, some data could be lost or not
recorded.
Equipment can be expensive for small tasks.
The equipment will only take readings at the logging interval which has been set up. If
something unexpected happens between recordings, the data will not be collected.
Sensors must be carefully calibrated otherwise they could be taking the wrong readings.

Questions
 1. Why we add methanol into the sample?
2. What is the exact function of HPLC instrument?
3. What are the factors that affecting extraction?
4. What is the theory of extraction?
5. How many phenomena will occur in solid liquid extraction?

Conclusion

Nowadays, the fast growing technology has influences the direction of learning process especially
in science laboratory classes. We as a future Science teacher should be able to implement data
logger in laboratory class. The technology that available such as data logger, makes practical work
becomes more efficient as student do not have to spend more time to set up the apparatus and
recording the data. Other than that, it will also widen the students knowledge when they move to
the enhance stage. In this stage, they will improve their critical thinking when answering the
tough questions. Students will involve actively in class if the teachers introduce the data logging
learning programme. It is clear that the used of data logger in learning process gives benefit to the
learners especially the students.

References

1. https://modularprocess.com/liquid-liquid-extraction/industrial-applications/
2. Journal
3. https://www.slideshare.net/saifulanis80/tongkat-ali-extraction-process?
qid=3edca883-b8f1-409d-b7d1-b5440c524df3&v=&b=&from_search=1
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3669033/