IV.

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Truck tipper

It includes the development of all activities Truck tanker

and necessary work that must be done to
Land compactors: smooth roll and
move from design to the construction of the
kickstand.
irrigation channel.
Truck low bed
4.1 PROVISIONAL WORKS

They are works that are initially built to

facilitate the development of the works
of construction of the canal of irrigation
and convex works.

They are removed then completed

works, so they usually are pre-
fabricated structures to facilitate its
removal.

They belong to this group: Construction and/or

a) Camp:
b) Poster of work:
4.2. PRELIMINARY WORKS
They are the initial work that must be
performed, prior to the execution of the
main among them we have:
Mobilization of equipment and.
improvement of access to work:
It includes the construction of roads for
access to the place where the works
are to be built.
Move the machinery, equipment and
vehicles in order to facilitate the
transport of personnel and materials for
work.

Construction and/or improvement of

access roads.

Topography and GeoReference of the

axis of the channel.

Clearing and cleaning of the channel

strip.

4.2.1 MOBILIZATION OF MACHINERY

AND EQUIPMENT
Clearing and cleaning of the
Machinery and equipment Canal Strip:
transported:
Once restated the axis of the channel
Crawler tractors and set the width of the Strip.

Compressors It consists of the mechanized removal

of trees and roots, as well as cleaning
Excavators the strip of the channel in such a way to
facilitate the movement of land.
Front loaders

Machinery and equipment

transported auto:
4.2.2 EARTH-MOVING AND
EARTHWORKS
Refers to all soil alterations that modify
the relief of the terrain being these very
important in a work of irrigation costs
for the execution of the same it needed
specialized machinery for heavy work
of cutting or filling to allow platform-
level tracing the channel axis. In some
cases it is used including explosives,
hammers and piling.
4.2.3 EXCAVATION OF THE
CHANNEL BOX
Once completed the channel platform,
about her turns to rethink and improve
the topographic layout of the axis of the
channel; on this path axis and
according to the geometrical
dimensions of the channel box, is to
carry out the excavation machinery
(backhoe) or manually. In both cases,
the edges of the channel box must be
properly refined.
4.2.4 EXCAVATIONS FOR WORKS OF
ART
It consists of excavations to be
performed on the ground for the
construction of works of art along the
irrigation channel.
They can be dug manually or with
machinery
4.2.5 LINING CHANNEL
LINING. - Lining and the protection of
the banks of the pipes can represent up
to 25% of the cost of implementation of
these works, notably in uses for
navigation and drainage.
For this reason the proper project of
these elements should deserve careful
analysis and attention, with the aim of
uniting the best technical performance
at the lowest cost.
However, its cost and duration depend
on the quality of lining and proper
management given to surface waters.
The materials of higher employment for
the lining of channels are:
A. With masonry cladding.
B. Coated with concrete.
C. Covering with mortar
D. Asphaltic concrete coating
 E. Coating with Reno mattress. platform, according to the technical
specifications.
F. Coating with permanent mantles
1.1. PROCEDURE:
ADVANTAGES OFFERED BY CHANNELS
COVERING: (a) Verify the geometric characteristics,
specified in the project.
-Prevention of Erosion.
-Impossibility of breaks. (b) Draw the channel, straight and curved
shaft.
-Elimination of vegetation.
-Increase of the capacity of the channel. (c) Draw the lower and upper base of the
-Decrease of maintenance costs. channel taking into account if it will be or
-Reduction of the costs of irrigation. not coated.
-Protection of public health.
(d) Rethink drawn with the specified
-Shortening of the path by the largest
measures.
allowable slopes.
-Elimination of the effect of salinization of
farmland.
-Conditions to be fulfilled the linings of
channels.

4.2.6 INSTALLATION OF GATES AND

ACCESSORIES IN AN IRRIGATION
CANAL

It consists of installing metallic structures

that have been planned in the construction
of the works. Among them are: installation
of gates, grilles for drag material and
floating material, gateway bridges, 1.2 OUTLINE OF THE AXIS OF THE
mechanisms of shearing of the gates, etc. CHANNEL

Emergency valves are installed in the rear
of the front screen and are aimed at a
violent close windows or holes in
catchment.
The axis is an imaginary line that passes
through the center of the bases and parallel
to the edges of these.

The floodgates of regulation are located

behind the gates of emergency and have
intended to regulate and control the flow of
income.

1.3 TRACE THE EDGES OF THE BASE

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF
TRAPEZOIDAL SECTION CHANNEL:
1 STROKE AND LAYING OUT
The layout of the canal is an activity that is
performed after that has been built the
OF THE CHANNEL
Obtained the channel in straight and curved
shaft, it shares from this, half and half, top
and bottom bases far when it will not be
covered. Instead when you wear lining,
exterior measurements of the bases of the
truss to take

2. EXCAVATION OF DITCHES TO
CHANNEL
It consists of that excavation is necessary
and to obtain the required trapezoidal
section. The excavation is started by the
central part, leaving the width of the bottom,
up to the depth specified. Then we
excavated slopes, leaving the width of the
upper base.
The slope of the bottom of the channel
should be checked permanently with a level
of engineer or level hose
3 CHANNEL LINING
Lining and the protection of the banks of the
pipes can represent up to 25% of the cost
of implementation of these works, notably in
uses for navigation and drainage.
For this reason the proper project of these
elements should deserve careful analysis
and attention, with the aim of uniting the
best technical performance at the lowest
cost.
However, its cost and duration depend on
the quality of lining and proper
management given to surface waters.
3.1 PROCEDURE FOR COATING
(a) Floor paving
Every 10 meters in straight and every 5
meters or less in curves, taking into account
the design slope.
Preferably use hand level to achieve
greater accuracy.
b) Placement of trusses
The leaders trusses or teachers are placed
in each template, these must be aligned,
squared to the axis of the channel and
heaviness; being fixed with stakes and
wires N 16, atortolado, nailed on both
slopes. Subsequently the bricklayer put
intermediate trusses each 2.50 meters
straight stretch checking with hose level or
level of engineer, the required slope. (0.50
cm of altitude), will also repeat the
alignment, square, Plumb and fixing each
cloth.
(c) Coating
Mixture preparation: F'c = 175 Kg/cm2 in
volume is equivalent to mixing 1 bag of
cement, 2 wheelbarow of sand, 3
wheelbarrow of stone, each trolley must be
1 ft3.
After having mixed dry these materials, 3
laps as minimum, with concrete, mixing or
prepared in situ with responsibility and care
of the engineer Supervisor, add water
whose quantity in litres must be no larger
than half of the total weight of the cement (1
Kg = 1 liter)
Then is paetea slopes, compacted with
the rule. Atortoladas stakes that were used
to set are separated before the finish.
We then proceed to sprinkle fine sand 1:3
cement and iron from stopping to give a
polished and waterproof finish. We ended
up the slopes, it is equal to the floor of the
channel.
Finishing of edges shall be given care with
that are lined up, for which rule or truss to
truss string will be taken.

(d) Removal of the trusses

They are usually removed after 24 hours

(cold weather), and for the easier removal,
Expansion joints are determined by the
before making the lining should be a layer
spaces that let the trusses to be extracted,
of oil or burnt oil that helps also to cleaning
each 2.50 metres in straight, variable
and conservation. We must avoid to
section in curve. These allow the concrete
removing the trusses, the extreme edges
to expand or contract due to temperature
covered damage to.
effects avoiding cloths or drawers to crack
(e) Curing of coated channel
The filling of joints consists of the following
steps:
The fresh concrete to harden and reach the
required resistance should slowly lose
moisture, this is achieved by curing
consisting to fill completely with water a. Clean up the boards of foreign elements
drawers coated 10 days, at a minimum. with the vane angle whose dimensions are
according to the thickness of the Board.
This is easy to do by placing makeshift
houses at the ends and allow to retain b. compact the natural soil of the Board
water in the coated drawers until they are with the angular trowel. This palette has
full. Upstream will be provisionally an double function: clean and compact.
overflow to remove excess water. This
c. priming the inside surface of the joint with
allows in addition follow the water route and
a solution of pitch with kerosene in
check the slope. It should not be neglected proportion of 1 to 3, so you have the
curing is very important. viscosity of paint workable. It should be
applied with a brush.

d. place a hot mixture of tar sand fine in

proportion of 1 can of tar by 4 cans of sand.
First heat the tar and little by little you will
adding sand stirring, until it has the
consistency of brown sugar.

It is mixture is placed first to the slopes and

then to the floor by layers, compacting it
with the same palette angular. It is must
ensure that do not over out of the lining of
the canal level.
f) Filling with expansion joints