PUMPS

Dynamic Positive Displacement

(eg. Centrifugal)
Dynamic Pumps Velocity is imparted to pump liquid by means of impeller or propeller
rotating on a shaft as leaves the impeller and moves through stationary volume or diffuser
casting and is converted in to head.

Vertical Centrifugal Pumps they are used as subsumable pumps (to avoid negative
suction) of for volatile liquids to avoid low NPSH problems e.g. Condensate pumps.

Positive Displacement Pumps - Energy imparted to liquid in a fixed displacement

volume e.g. a casing or cylinder or by rotating motion of gears, screws or valves or by
reciprocating pistons or plungers.

Rotery Pumps They are Positive Displacement Pumps in which the main pumping
action is caused by relative movement between the rotating and stationary elements of the
Pumps. These are fixed volume discharged pumps.

These Pumps are used for all kind of fluid (Low viscosity to High viscosity, Medium
flow High Discharged pressure etc). Temperature effects these pumps performance.

Types of Rotary pumps.

External Gear & Internal Gear Pumps

Screw & Wheel Pumps.
Multiple Rotor Screw Pumps.
Single Rotor Screw Pumps.
Lobe Pumps (Single & Multiple Lobe)
Flexible Vane Pump.
Flexible Linear Pump.
Flexible Tube Pump.
Double acting piston pump
Diaphragm Pump- horizontal variable stroke
Cam controlled single acting

*

Mechanical efficiency- direct acting pump

 Rotary Pumps
Rotary Pumps

Basic Rotary pump

action- Movement of
displacement volume from
suction to discharge eliminating
valves. Constant flow except
for differential pressure (slip)
Volumetric efficiency =
Flow delivered/ flow displaced
Mechanical efficiency =
Power theoretical
Actual Power
 Basic Rotary pump
action- Movement of
displacement volume from
suction to discharge eliminating
valves. Constant flow except
for differential pressure (slip)
Volumetric efficiency =
Flow delivered/ flow displaced
Mechanical efficiency =
Power theoretical
Actual Power

Gear Pump

As the gears rotate they separate on the intake side of the pump,
creating a void and suction which is filled by fluid. The fluid is
carried as the gears rotate they separate on the intake side of the
pump, creating a void and suction which is filled by fluid. The
fluid is carried by the gears to the discharge side of the pump,
where the meshing of the gears displace the fluid. The
mechanical clearances are smallon the order of a thousandth
of an inch (micrometers). The tight clearances, along with the
speed of rotation, effectively prevent the fluid from leaking
backwards. y the gears to the discharge side of the pump, where
the meshing of the gears displace the fluid. The mechanical
clearances are smallon the order of a thousandth of an inch
(micrometers). The tight clearances, along with the speed of
rotation, effectively prevent the fluid from leaking backwards.

Flow rate in US gal/min = Displacement X rpm/231 (displacement in cu inch /revolution)

Power in hp = US gal/min X (lbf/in)/1714
 External Gear Pump

. External gear pumps
use gears which come in
and out of mesh. As the
teeth come out of mesh,
liquid flows into the pump
and is carried between the
teeth and the casing to
the discharge side of the
pump. The teeth come
back into mesh and the
liquid is forced out the
discharge port. External
gear pumps rotate two
identical gears against
each other. Both gears
are on a shaft with
bearings on either side of
the gears.

How External Gear Pumps Work

External gear pumps are similar in pumping action to internal gear pumps
in that two gears come into and out of mesh to produce flow. However, the
external gear pump uses two identical gears rotating against each other --
one gear is driven by a motor and it in turn drives the other gear. Each gear
is supported by a shaft with bearings on both sides of the gear.

1. As the gears come out of mesh, they create expanding volume on the inlet
side of the pump. Liquid flows into the cavity and is trapped by the gear
teeth as they rotate.

2. Liquid travels around the interior of the casing in the pockets between the
teeth and the casing -- it does not pass between the gears.

3. Finally, the meshing of the gears forces liquid through the outlet port
under pressure.

Because the gears are supported on both sides, external gear pumps are
quiet-running and are routinely used for high-pressure applications such as
hydraulic applications. With no overhung bearing loads, the rotor shaft can't
deflect and cause premature wear.

Advantages

High speed

Medium pressure

No overhung bearing loads

Relatively quiet

Design lens itself to use of a wide variety of materials

Disadvantages-

Four bushings in liquid area

Four stuffing boxes

No solids allowed
Internal Gear Pump

Internal gear pumps carry fluid
between the gear teeth from the
inlet to outlet ports. The outer
gear drives the inner or idler gear
on a stationary pin. The gears
create voids as they come out of
mesh and liquid flows into the
cavities. As the gears come back
into mesh, the volume is reduced
and the liquid is forced out of the
discharge port. The crescent
prevents liquid from flowing
backwards from the outlet to the
inlet port.

Internal Gear Pumps

Advantages-

Two moving parts

One stuffing box

Positive suction, non pulsating discharge

Ideal for high viscosity liquids

Constant and even discharge regardless of varying pressure
conditions

Low NPSH required

Easy to maintain

Disadvantages-

Low speeds usually required

Medium pressure

One bearing runs in pumped product

Overhung load on shaft bearing

 Lobe pump
Lobes in lobe pumps do not make contact, because they are driven
by external timing gears. This design handles low-viscosity liquids.

.

Lobe. Fluid is carried between the rotor teeth and the pumping
chamber. The rotor surfaces create continuous sealing. Both
gears are driven and are synchronized by timing gears.
Rotors include bi-wing, tri-lobe, and multi-lobe configurations.

Advantages-

Pass medium solids

High acceptance

Little galling possibility

Disadvantages-

Timing gears

More space required

May require factory service to repair

Two seals
Screw pumps

The geometries of the single or multiple screws and the drive speed
will affect the pumping action required. The capacity of screw
pumps can be calculated based on the dimensions of the pump, the
dimensions of the surface of the screws, and the rotational speed of
the rotor since a specific volume is transferred with each
revolution. In applications where multiple rotors are used, the load
is divided between a number of rotating screws. The casing acts as
the stator when two or more rotors are used. Based upon the needs
of the application, timed or un timed rotors may be chosen. Un timed
rotors are simpler in design.
The combination of factors relating to the drive speed, flow, and the
characteristics of the fluid transferred may affect the flow rate and
volume fed through each cavity. The viscosity of the fluid transferred
and the lift required may affect the speed and power required.

Indicators of pump malfunction include decrease in flow rate or
increased noise. The efficiency of screw pumps requires that each
rotor turns at a rate that allows each cavity to fill completely in order
to work at full capacity.
Selection of PD

Selection of a positive displacement (PD) rotary pump is not always
an easy choice. There are four common types of PD pumps
available: internal gear, external gear, timed lobe, and vane. Most
PD pumps can be adapted to handle a wide range of applications,
but some types are better suited than others for a given set of
circumstances.

The first consideration in any application is pumping conditions.
Usually the need for a PD pump is already determined, such as a
requirement for a given amount of flow regardless of differential
pressure, viscosity too high for a centrifugal pump, need for high
differential pressure, or other factors.

Inlet conditions, required flow rate, differential pressure,
temperature, particle size in the liquid, abrasive characteristics, and
corrosiveness of the liquid must be determined before a pump
selection is made.

Each PD pump has a minimum inlet pressure requirement to fill
individual pump cavities. If these cavities are not completely filled,
total pump flow is diminished.