TUGAS 01

Classification and characteristics of steels

The following diagram shows the equilibrium diagram of Fe-C binary system. Give an answer for each
question below.

(1) Which micro-structure is called for shown in the diagram? Choose the relevant one and circle its
alphabet.
(a) Martensite
(b) Austenite
(c) Bainite
(d) Ferrite

(2) Which micro-structure is called for shown in

the diagram? Choose the relevant one and circle
its alphabet.
(a) Martensite
(b) Austenite
(c) Bainite
(d) Ferrite

(3) How much carbon content range is defined for each of Iron, Steel and Pig Iron?
(a) Iron is less than [ ] % in carbon content:
(b) Steel is more than [ ] %, and less than [ ]
(c) Pig iron is more than [ ]%

(4) What kind of heat treatment or manufacturing process for steel is done to each of the following and what
is the purpose of each? Give the answer in brief.
(1) Quench and temper
(2) Normalizing
(3) PWHT
(4) TMCP

(5) The following terms are used for the steels of welded structures. Explain the meaning and give the unit
used for each.
(1) Notch toughness
(2) Ductility (Elongation)
(3) Yield strength (or proof stress)
(4) Reduction of area
(5) Carbon equivalent

(6) The notch toughness of carbon steels and low alloy steels lowers as temperature lowers. There are many
factors besides temperature that affect notch toughness. Describe concretely the conditions that improve
notch toughness with respect to (1) chemical composition, (2) heat treatment method and (3) grain size.

(7) Give the answer to the following questions concerning the TMCP steels.
(1) What is the manufacturing process of TMCP, comparing with that of other conventional steels.
(2) What is the feature of micro-structure of TMCP steel? What precaution should be taken in
welding to the TMCP steels?
(8) What is the definition of Yield ratio?
(1) Express it in equation form.
(2) Also, put numbers in parentheses in order of higher yield ratio for following steels.
(a) QT (quenched and tempered) type steel with 780MPa tensile strength. ( )
(b) Mild steel. ( )
(c) Mn-Si type with 490 MPa tensile strength. ( )

(9) Answer the following items regarding steel for low temperature use.
(1) Give five typical kinds (types) of low temperature steel.
(2) Give the minimum service temperature for three typical low temperature steel.
(3) What is the most essential property of low temperature steel?

(10) Give (1) definition, (2) object of use, (3) some examples of types (or classification) and (4) requirements
of high strength low alloy steels.

(11) There are two types of high strength steel. They are a thermal refining type and a non-thermal refining
type. Describe two advantages and two disadvantages for each type of steel. The heat input is usually
limited in the welding of thermal refining type. Explain its reason simply.

(12) Describe the properties required to the low alloy steel for high temperature use (heat resisting steel).
Also describe two kinds of typical steel.