1

The Lagrangian is (N 2 )
X
L = Li + LN 1 ( ) + T ( ) (1)
i=0

where
Ei2 Bi2
   
d i i+1 i1
Li = ni +c + (i 1) mc2 q (ni N0 ) i (2)
8 d 2
with ( " #) 1
2  q i+1 i1 2 2

1  q
i = 1+ Axi + Az i . (3)
m2 c2 c c 2
For i < N 2, the fields are
   
1 d Ai Ai+1 Ai1 i+1 i1
Ei = + z ,
c d 2 2
 
Axi+1 Axi1
Bi =
y , (4)
2
 
q i+1 i1
pi = Ai z .
c 2

The last spatial grid point, N 1, has a special time-dependent Lagrangian density

EN 1 ( )2 BN 1 ( )2
   
d N 1 N ( ) N 2
LN 1 ( ) = nN 1 +c + [N 1 ( ) 1] mc2
8 d 2 (5)
q (nN 1 N0 ) N 1

where gamma is
( "  #) 12
1
 q 2  q N ( ) N 2 2
N 1 ( ) = 1+ 2 2 AxN 1 + Az N 1 . (6)
m c c c 2

and fields are    

1 d AN 1 AN ( ) AN 2 N ( ) N 2
EN 1 ( ) = + z ,
c d 2 2
 
AxN ( ) AxN 2
BN 1 ( ) =
y , (7)
2
 
q N ( ) N 2
pN 1 ( ) = AN 1 z .
c 2

The last term in the Lagrangian is

c 1
T ( ) = N 1 [nN ( ) nN +1 ( )] + (Az N 1 N 1 ) Az N +1 ( ) . (8)
2 8 2
The explicitly time-dependent terms have to be in the following form to get the correct boundary conditions in the
 2

Euler-Lagrange equations.

AxN ( ) = 3AxN 1 3AxN 2 + AxN 3 ,

Az N ( ) = 3Az N 1 3Az N 2 + Az N 3 ,
Az N +1 ( ) = (3Ez N 1 3Ez N 2 + Ez N 3 ) ,

nN ( ) = 3nN 1 3nN 2 + nN 3 ,
! (9)
1 nN 1 pz N 1 nN 2 pz N 2 nN 3 pz N 3
nN +1 ( ) = 3 3 + ,
mc N 1 N 2 N 3

N ( ) = 3N 1 3N 2 + N 3 ,

N ( ) = 3N 1 3N 2 + N 3 .

The jacobi energy [Missing ni mc2 terms in H.]

N 2
(
2 )
X Exi By i Ez 2i
H = ni pz i c + q (ni N0 ) i + ni i mc2
8 8
i=0
(
2 )
ExN 1 By N 1 Ez 2N 1 2 (10)
+ nN 1 pz N 1 c + q (nN 1 N0 ) N 1 + nN 1 N 1 mc
8 8
cn o 1 n o
N 1 [nN ( ) nN +1 ( )] + N 1 Az N +1 ( )
2 8
The equations of motion
N 1 N 1
d ni X X nj p z j
= c Dij nj + Dij ,
d j m
j=0 j=0
N 1
d i X
= c Dij j qi (i 1) mc2 ,
d
j=0 (11)
N 1 N 1
d Ei X ni pi X
= c Ej 4q +x
c By j ,
d i m
j=0 j=0
X

Dij Ez j = 4q (ni N0 ) .
j