Matrices,

Determinant and Inverse

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER: ............................................................................................................................. i

TABLE OF CONTENTS: .............................................................................................. ii

CONTENT....................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Matrices ........................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Transpose Matrix ......................................................................................... 2

1.3 Addition of Matrix ....................................................................................... 2

1.4 Multiplying Matrix ....................................................................................... 2

1.5 Matrix Determinant ..................................................................................... 3

1.5.1 2 X 2 Matrix......................................................................................... 3

1.5.2 3 X 3 Matrix ....................................................................................... 4

1.6 Inverse Matrix ............................................................................................. 6

1.7 Application of Determinant ...................................................................... 8

BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 10

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 1. CONTENT

1.1 Matrices

A matrix is a square or rectangular array of values or elements, written

in one of two ways

or {aij }

A matrix is said to be of dimension when it has rows and columns.

are also called the dimension of the matrix. For a square matrix

and their common value is reffered to as the dimension of the matrix.

The element, aij is that one in the row and the column.

A=

A diagonal matrix is square with all non-diagonal elements zero :

An identity matrix is square with ones on the diagonal and zeros

elsewhere. It also called a unit matrix, often shown as to indicate the

dimension of the matrix :

An zero matrix, the matrix where all elements are zero

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 Matrices of one column are called column matrices or column vectors.

Likewise, those of one row are row vectors or row matrices. Sometimes a

special notation is used to distinguish vectors from other matrices, such as

an underline symbol b but usually we do not bother.

1.2 Transpose Matrix

Transpose matrices or vectors. That means that the 1st row becomes the

1st column, the 2nd row becomes 2nd column, etc. the symbol to indicate a

transpose is usually a capital superscript T or a prime

1.3 Addition of Matrix

The matrix must be conform, they both must have the same number of

rows and the same columns.

1.4 Multiplying Matrix

We can only multiply matrices if the number of columns in the first

matrix is the same as the number of rows in the second matrix.

Example :

a. Multiplying a 2x3 matrix by a 3x4 matrix is possible and it gives a

2x4 matrix as the answer

b. Multiplying a 7x1 matrix by a 1x2 matrix is possible and it gives a

7x2 matrix

c. Multiplying a 4x3 by a 2x3 matrix is NOT possible

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 As an example, lets take a general 2x3 matrix multiplied by a 3x2 matrix,

so the answer will be a 2x2 matrix. 1st row of the matrix, multiplying down

the 1st column of the second matrix, element by element. Then we adding the

resulting products. The result is placed in position a11

We do a similar process for the 1st row of the first matrix and the 2nd

column of the second matrix. The result is placed in position a12, etc.

1.5 Matrix Determinant

A value called the determinant of A, that we denote by

Corresponds to every square matrix A. We will avoid the formal definition

of the determinant (that implies notions of permutations) for now and we

will concentrate instead on its calculation.

1.5.1 Determinant of a 2x2 matrix

The determinant of the matrix A is defined by the relation

The result is obtained by multiplying opposite elements and by

calculating the difference between these two products.

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 Given the matrix

The determinant of A is

1.5.2 Determinant for 3x3 Matrix

Take a matrix A

Det A=

Extend the determinants gird by rewriting the first two column of

numbers.

Then multiply along the down-diagonalic

= (1)(-4)(-1) + (2)(1)(0) + (3)(0)(3)

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And also along the up diagonals

= (0)(-4)(3) + (3)(1)(1) + (-1)(0)(2)

And finality is

Det A = (1)(-4)(-1) + (2)(1)(0) + (3)(0)(3) ((0)(-4)(3) + (3)(1)(1) + (-

1)(0)(2))

=43=1

the Other Solution to Calculate the Determinant Of 3x3

Matriks

The determinant is :

Example :

= 6 (-54) - 1 +1 (36)

= -306

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1.6 Inverse Matrix

Inverse matrix is, if we multiply a matrix by its inverse we get the

identity matrix.

The identity matrix is the matrix equivalent of the number 1

A3 3 identity matrix

It is square (has same number of rows and columns

It has 1 on the diagonal and 0 everywhere else

Its symbol is the capital letter 1

The inverse of A is A-1 only when :

A A-1= A-1 A = I

Inverse of 2 2 matrix

Example :

Inverse of 3 3 matrix ( Gauss Jordan Elimination)

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First, write down the entries the matrix A. In the other half of it,

write the identity matrix.

Then do the matrix row operations to convert the left-hand side of

the double-wide into identity.

-R1+R2
-R1+R2

-3R2+R1

-3R3+R1

So, that the left side of the double wide contains the identity, the

right hand side contains the invers. That is, the inverse of A is

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1.7 Application of Determinant

a. Cramers Rule

For linier system Aaxax = b, if det (A) 0, then the system has the unique

solution.

Where A, i= 1, 2, 3, ...n, is the matrix obtained by replacing the i-th

columnof A by B

Example :

So, the matrix A and the vector B are

Then, move the vector B to the matrix

So we can find , , and

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b. Areas

Triangle:

,
,

So, the area of triangle is

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Gunawardena, Jeremy. 2006. Matrix Algebra for Beginners.Cambridge.

Jeremy@hms.harvard.edu

Verwoerd, S Wynand. 2012. Matrix Method and Differential Equations: A

Partical Introduction. Bookboon.com

Mathematics Help Centre. HEC MONTREAL

Inmath.com/matrices-determinants. Thursday 11st May 2017. 03.30

Mathisfun.com/algebra/matrix-multiplying,Thursday 11st May 2017. 03.32

Mathisfun.com/determinant. Thursday 11st May 2017. 03.40

Mathisfun.com/inverse. Thursday 11st May 2017. 03.41

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