2

Part II
ThaiEnglish
Buddhist Dictionary
 First Edition B.E. 2506
Second Edition B.E. 2512
Third Edition B.E. 2513
Fourth Edition B.E. 2515
(published ever since as Part II of the present volume)
Fifth Edition B.E. 2526
Sixth Edition B.E. 2545

(All rights reserved)


( )

...
.

.


.
3
1.

2.

3.

.
1.


2. -
- -
3. 4, 5
1
.
1.

2.

(*) (Pari*, Pli*), (Rjavaravihra*, Rj-
vsa*)
3.
(Parivisana)
( , , )
.
1. (lit.)

2.


= sense-object ( emotion) = the round of rebirth ( pity) = conceit; lust
 315

for power ( effort; exertion)

(T.) ... (T.) funeral
chanting; ... (T.) genius; ... (T.)
3.


(mis.) = ... (mis.) church; temple
4. ,

5. noun

6.
(syllabication)

British English American English

British English mar vel lous; know ledge American English

mar vel ous; knowl edge British English

.
1. ( ) (
) () (bh), (isi
), (utu)
(a) (amata)
(eka), (ogha)

kra ()
2. (
) (buddho)
()
(a) (ratana)
(dhamma),
(brahma)
3. () (a ),
(i ) (u) (asa), (eva), (ki), (visu)
 316

:
2 (.. 25152518) 250

4 (.. 2527) 50

10 (.. 2545) 31
24

adj. Adjective v. verb
lit. Literally * newly coined Pali term
(mis.) Misleading (T.) in Thai usage
n. Noun

*
a i u e o
k kh g gh
c ch j jh
h h
t th d dh n
p ph b bh m
y r l v s h , N

.

.
Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammsambuddhassa.
Sabbappassa akaraa, Kusalasspasampad,
Sacittapariyodapana; Eta Buddhna ssana.

______________________________
*
.

(Kaattkamma) casual act; (Kammavc) the formal words of
cumulative or reserve kamma. an act; text of a formal act, i.e. a motion
(Kahina) the Kathin ceremony; the annual () together with one or three proclama-
robe-presentation ceremony (in the month tions () that may follow.
following the end of the Rains Retreat); post- (Kammavccariya) Act-
lenten robe-offering; Post-Retreat Robe- Announcing Teacher; (First) Ordination-
Presentation. Teacher.
(Kataved) one who reciprocates the , (Dakkhiodakaptana) v. pouring
done favour. the water of dedication (to transfer merit to
(Kataut) gratitude; gratefulness; other beings).
appreciation. (Dhpabhjana*) incensory; censer.
(Kata) adj. grateful; obliging; know- (Nikkhepapada) topic; theme; subject;
ing the done favour. subject matter; gist; point of a discussion;
(Katakatavedit) the query.
quality of being a grateful person; gratitude; (Attharati) v. to spread; stretch; lay out;
gratefulness. carry out (the kahina robe-making ceremony).
(Katakataved) one who is (Abhivda) to bow to the ground; to pay
thankful for benefits received and recip- respect by making the five-point prostration;
rocates them. to prostrate.
(Karu) compassion; pity.
(Kathvatthu) 1. Points of Controversy; 1 (Mahchatta) a sunshade.
name of the fifth book of the Abhidhamma 2 (Dussakuik) an umbrella-like tent.
Piaka. 2. a subject of discussion. (Kalala) the embryo in the first week
(Ssandhikra*) Department after conception.
of Religious Affairs. (Khattiya) 1. a man of the warrior
(Kamma) 1. karma; kamma; a volitional caste; the warrior-ruler; nobles. 2. a king.
action; action; deed; good and bad volition. (Kasia) a meditational device; object of
2. work; job; activity; transaction. meditation; the method of inducing con-
(Kammakilesa) an action causing centration by gazing at any of the ten
impurity; depravity of action; vice of conduct. objects, viz., earth, water, fire, air, blue,
(Kammahna) subjects of medi- yellow, red, white, space and light.
tation; meditation exercises; the act of (Kakh) doubt; uncertainty.
meditation or contemplation; ground for (Kaa) 1. a chapter, portion or part (of a
mental culture. religious book). 2. a sermon.
(Kammaniyma) order of act and (Dhammadesanpj*, Dhamma-
result; the Law of Kamma. kathikadeyya*) offerings for a sermon.
(Kammapatha) course of action; way , , (Kappa) 1. an aeon; world-aeon;
of action; kamma as the way leading to the world-age; world-cycle; world-period. 2. the
woeful or blissful existences. life-term; life-period; the duration of life.
(Kammabhava) kamma-process; the (Kappabindu) a smudge that makes
active process of becoming. a new robe allowable; dark mark or small
 318
black dot applied to a new robe to make it
lawful. v. () to make a robe allow-
able by applying a disfiguring smudge (by
which the owner can also identify it); mark
with a smudge.
(Kappiyakraka) one who makes
things suitable for a monk; attendant of a
monk.
- -.
(Kappan) 1. merit dedicated to the
departed. 2. .
(Kalyamittat) good friendship; (Kyagatsati) mindfulness with
good company; association with the virtuous.
(Kma) sense-desire; desire; sensuality; an
object of sensual enjoyment; sensual
pleasures.
(Kmagua) sensual pleasures; objects
of sensual enjoyment.
(Kmachanda) sensual desire; excite-
ment of sensual pleasure.
(Kmatah) sensual craving;
craving for sensual pleasures.
(Kmabhava) the sphere or state of
existence dominated by sensual pleasures;
Sensuous Existence; Sense Sphere.
(Kmarga) sensual passion; sensual
lust; sense-desire; sensuality; desire for
sensual pleasures.
(Kmaloka) the world of sense-desire;
the Sense Sphere; the world of sensual
pleasures.
(Kmavitakka) thought of sensual
pleasures.
(Kmasavara) sexual restraint.
(Kmasukha) worldly happiness; happi-
ness arising from sensual pleasures.
(Kmasukhalliknuyoga) pain; physical suffering.
self-indulgence; sensual indulgence; the
constant attachment to sensual pleasures.
(Kmvacara) belonging to the Sense
Sphere.
(Kmvacarabhmi) the Sensuous (Klamaraa) timely death.
Plane of Existence; the Sense Sphere; the
Sensuous Sphere.
(Kmupdna) sensuous clinging;
attachment to sensuality.
(Kmesumicchcra) sexual
misconduct; sensual misconduct; unlawful
sexual intercourse; adultery.
(Kya) 1. the body; material body. 2. the
body of psychic factors, namely, Vedan,
Sa and Sakhra.
(Kyakamma) bodily action; actions
performed by the body.
regard to the body; reflection or contem-
plation on the 32 impure parts of the body.
(Kyadvra) 1. the body-door; body-
avenue; the outlet of bodily senses. 2. the
body-door; the channel of bodily action.
(Kyaduccarita) misconduct by the
body; bodily misconduct; misconduct in
action.
(Kyaviatti) bodily intimation;
bodily expression.
(Kyavia) body-conscious-
ness; consciousness by means of touch.
(Kyaviveka) seclusion of the body.
(Kyasakhra) bodily formation,
i.e. in-breath and out-breath.
(Kyasamphassa) bodily contact;
bodily touch.
(Kyasucarita) good conduct in
action; good conduct by the body; bodily
good conduct.
(Kynupassan) the contem-
plation of the body; mindfulness as regards the
body.
(Kyikadukkha) physical pain; bodily
(Kyikasukha) physical happiness;
bodily happiness.
(Dhammasl) preaching hall; study
hall.
(Klaut) the quality of one who
 319
knows the proper time; knowing the proper
time; knowledge of how to choose and keep
time.
(Ksya, Ksvavattha) cloth dyed moral; skilful; kammically wholesome. n.
with astringent decoction; the yellow robe;
ochre robes.
. (Kusalakamma) wholesome or meri-
(Ratanapkra) consecrated wall; a
parapet (surrounding a sacred building).
(Kikarayesu dakkhat) way of good action; the tenfold wholesome
the willingness to give a helping hand.
(Kiccdhikaraa) business to be
enacted by the Sangha; legal questions
concerning obligations; duties.
(Kiccavatta*) religious routine; daily
religious observances.
(Kiriycitta) functional consciousness;
inoperative consciousness.
(Kilesa) defilements; impurities; impair-
ments.
(Kilesakma) sensuality as defile-
ment; subjective sensuality; desire; lust.
(Kukkucca) remorse; brooding; con-
fusion; repentance; worry.
(Ku) an abode of a Buddhist monk or
novice; a monks cell; a monks lodging;
dormitory; living quarters of monks.
(Cittakkhaa) a thought-moment.
(Khaikasamdhi) momentary con-
centration.
(Khaikpti) momentary joy; instan-
taneous joy.
(Kham) patience; tolerance; pardon.
, (Khampana) asking for pardon.
(Parittavatthu, Indajlikavatthu*) some-
thing said to have magic power; magic
object; amulet; talisman; charm; fetish.
(Pallaka bhujati) to sit (flat on the
haunches) cross-legged.
(Khanti) patience; forbearance; tolerance;
(Kulupaka) a family-frequenter; family-friend
monk; family mentor.
(Kusala) adj. wholesome; meritorious;
merit; good action; virtue; the good; whole-
some action.
torious action; right conduct.
(Kusalakammapatha) the tenfold
course of action.
(Kusalacitta) meritorious thought; moral
or wholesome consciousness.
(Kusalacetan) right or wholesome
volition; good intention.
(Kusalamla) (the three) roots of good;
root of good action; kammically wholesome
root; the wholesome roots.
(Kusalavitakka) wholesome thought.
(Kuhan) deceit; fraud; hypocrisy; trickery.
(Ketuml) garland of rays round the
Buddhas head; the halo.
.
, (Kodha) anger; furious or wrathful
passion.
(Kosa*) mortuary urn; funeral urn.
(Kosajja) idleness; indolence; sloth.
endurance; firmness; fortitude.
(Khandha) aggregate; category.
.
(Juha-pakkha, Sukka-~) the waxing
moon.
(Kaha-pakkha, Ka-~) the waning
moon.
(Khdanya) hard or solid food.
(Khsava) an Arahant; the canker-
free one; one whose mind is free from
mental obsessions.
(Khuddakanikya) Smaller
Collection; the Minor Anthologies of the

Pali Canon; name of the fifth of the five
main divisions of the Sutta Piaka.
(Khuddakapha) Shorter Texts; the
Text of Small Passages; name of the first
division of the Khuddaka Nikya.
(Gaa) group; denomination; monastery
section.
(Gaapraka) one who completes the
quorum; quorum-completing monk.
(Vinayadhara-gaa, ~-samajj*)
Eccl. judicature.
(Sagha) the monastic order; the
Church, especially the Buddhist monastic
order; the Order; the Sagha.
(Saghamanti-gaa, ~-samajj*)
Council of Sagha Ministers; Eccl. Cabinet.
(Gati) (the five) courses of existence;
destiny; destination.
(Gandhabba) 1. a heavenly musician.
2. a being ready to take a new existence.
(Nivseti, Prupati) v. to don; wear; put
on (the yellow robe).
(Garukakamma) Weighty Action;
kamma of serious or strong effect.
(Garuhnyapuggala) a respec- extraordinary state; specific attainment.
table person.
(Garudhamma) (the eight) strict
conditions or chief rules to be observed by
the Buddhist nun throughout her life.
(Gahaha) a householder; layman; the
laity.
, (Pattanikujjan) the formal act
of exclusion from association; excommuni-
cation.
(Ganthadhura) the burden of studying
the Scriptures; the burden of the books.
(Gandha) odour; odorous object; smell.
(Gantha, Potthaka, Pakaraa) (T.) a
scripture; text; canon; religious book.
(Gth) 1. a verse; stanza of 4 half-lines.
320
(Khuddakpti) slight sense of
interest; lesser thrill.
.
.
2. (T.) a magic spell.
(Gmavs) (T.) a town-monk.
(Grava) respect; reverence; esteem;
attention; appreciative action.
(Sakharoti; Abhisakharoti) to think
under the influence of some passion or
motive; proliferate.
(Gilnapaccaya) support for the
sick; requisites for the sick; medicine.
(Gilnabhesajja) drug; medicine.
(Gihipaipatti*) practices for the layman;
code of morality for the laity.
(Jannukhi nipatati) v. to sit on ones
heels; kneel.
(Gua) 1. quality; property. 2. good quality;
virtue; merit. 3. (T.) help; aid; benefit;
support; favour.
(Guadhamma) goodness; virtue.
, (Visesa) unusual virtue;
(Upasampadcariya, Kammavccariya +
Anusvancariya) the two monks who chant
the formal words of an act (especially, of ordi
nation); Act-Announcer; Ordination-Teacher.
(Indajlikavatthu*) an amulet; talisman.
(Gocara) 1. field or sphere of sense
perception; a sense-object. 2. a suitable
place; resort for alms; alms resort.
(Gocaragma) a village where a
monk goes for alms or obtains his food;
alms-resort village.
, (Gotama) name of the clan to
which the Buddha belonged.
(Gotta) clan; ancestry; lineage.
 321

(Ghanasa) perception of com- depends on sweet voice or good repute;
pactness; the idea of massiveness. those attached to voice.
(Gharvsa) 1. the household life. 2. (Magala, Magala-samaya) auspi-
(T.) a householder; layman; the laity. cious ceremony; festive occasion.
(Gharvsa-dhamma) virtues for (Cetiyamahpj*, Vihrasamajja*,
a good household life; rules of household ~ussava*, ~maha*) temple fair.
conduct; qualities of a good layman. (Sarrajjhpana) funeral; obsequies;
(Ghna) the nose. cremation ceremony.
(Ghnadvra) nose-door; nose-avenue. (Vivhakla, Vivhamagala) wed-
(Ghnavia) nose-con- ding; marriage ceremony.
sciousness. (Avamagala, Petadakkhidna) (T.)
(Ghosappamik) those who funeral; rites for the dead; funereal occasion;
measure or judge by voice; those whose faith memorial service; inauspicious occasion.

(Cakama) walking up and down; a , (Cakkhu) the eye.
terraced walk. v. to walk up and down. (Cakkhudvra) the eye-door; eye-
(Catutthajjhna) the fourth Jhna; avenue.
the fourth absorption. (Cakkhuvia) eye-con-
(Catudhtuvavatthna) analysis sciousness.
of the four elements; determining of the , (Cakka) the set of four virtues,
elements; contemplation on the four essential being like the four wheels of a carriage,
qualities of which the body is composed. constituting the means to prosperity; virtues
(Catupaccaya) . wheeling to prosperity.
(Catubbidhavara*) the fourfold bless- (Cakkavatti) 1. world-king; a uni-
ing; the four excellent things, viz., long life, versal monarch, endowed with the seven
beauty, happiness and health. valuables or treasures. 2. (T.) an emperor.
(Cattri Ariyasaccni) the Four (Cakkava) a world-circle; solar
Noble Truths; the Four Holy Truths. system; universe.
(Catuvagga) a chapter of four monks. (Cala) an outcaste; the untouch-
(Caraa) behaviour; conduct; good conduct. able.
(Carita) the intrinsic nature of a person; (Candagati*) the system of a lunar
(the six types of) characteristic behaviour; calendar.
character; temperament. (Cga) 1. charity; generosity; sacrifice;
(Cariypiaka) Modes of Conduct; self-denial; liberality; munificence; benefac-
name of the fifteenth division of the tion. 2. abandoning; giving up; renunciation.
Khuddaka Nikya. (Cgasampad) achievement of
(Cariyvatta*) 1. customs and man- charity.
ners to be observed; duties concerned with (Cgnussati) reflection on gener-
conduct. 2. conduct and duties; moral conduct osity; recollection of liberality.
and the performance of duties. (Ctuddas) the 14th day of a fortnight.
 322

(Ctummahrjik) the Four Guardian personal use.

Deities; the realm of the Four Great Kings. (Atirekacvara) an extra robe.
(Cturagasannipta) the (Cuti) shifting (out of one existence to
Great Assembly of Disciples marked by the another); decease; the final thought-moment
union of four factors. of a particular life; death.
(Crika) 1. a traveller; wanderer; way-farer. (Cuticitta) death-consciousness; dying or
2. a wandering place. 3. a journey; wandering. death-consciousness; the consciousness dis-
4. (T,) v. to wander; go on a journey. connecting the present life.
(Likhati) v. to inscribe; incise; engrave. (Cutivia) .
, (Vassvsa) Vassa-residence; (Cutpaptaa) the knowledge
the rains-retreat; rains-residence; keeping of the decease and rebirth of beings; the
the Buddhist Lent; keeping the rainy season; clairvoyant supernormal vision dealing with
dwelling permanently at a suitable place the death and rebirth of beings; the
throughout the three months of the rainy perception of the appearing and disappearing
season. of various beings according to the con-
(Seyya kappeti) v. (of a monk or novice) sequences of their past deeds.
to sleep. (Cullavagga) Smaller Section; name
, (Citta) thought; mind; a state of of a book of the Vinaya Piaka.
consciousness. (Cetiya) 1. a person, place or object
(Citak) a funeral pile; crematorium; worthy of worship; reminder. 2. (T.) a sepul-
pyre; crematory; catafalque. chral monument; pagoda; shrine; dagoba;
(Citta) thought; thoughtfulness; active bell-shaped stupa (with a slender spire);
thought. tapering-spired stupa; Phra Chedi.
(Cittaniyma) psychic order; psychic (Cetan) volition; will; intention.
law; order of mind. (Att, Jva) soul; the self; tman.
(Cittavisuddhi) purity of mind; puri- (Cetasika) mental concomitants; mental
fication of consciousness. factors; mental states; mental activities; the
(Cittasakhra) mental formation; adjuncts of consciousness; mental adjuncts;
mental function, i.e. perception and feeling. mental coefficients.
(Cittnupassan) the contem- (Cetasikadukkha) mental pain.
plation of mind; contemplation of various (Cetasikasukha) mental happiness.
states of mind; mindfulness as regards (Cetopariyaa) knowledge of
mental states. others thoughts; telepathy.
, (Cittuppda) the rise of a (Cetovimutti) deliverance of mind.
thought; thought; intention. (Parittabhaana) (T.) (used
(Cintamayapa) understanding for auspicious ceremonies) to chant holy
through reasoning; wisdom resulting from stanzas.
reflection. (Gadhipati*) 1. chief monk of an
(Cvara) 1. the yellow robe (of a Buddhist administrative division; eccl. chief officer;
monk or novice); any of the three garments of eccl. governor. The term Ecclesiastical, or
the monk. 2. (T.) the upper or inner robe. its abbreviation Eccl. can be prefixed to the
(Adhihitacvara) the determined title of a government administrative officer at
robes; the three robes determined for regular different levels to designate its equivalent in
 323

the Ecclesiastical Order, e.g. Eccl. District (Guassm*) a title unofficially used in
Officer, for . 2. chief monk of a speaking to or of a monk of a higher rank;
monastery section. Chao Khun; The Right Venerable. -
(Nagarasaghapmokkha*) the
Ecclesiastical Provincial Governor. (Nimantaka, Dnapati) the host;
(Gmasamhasaghdhipati*) sponsor; chief donor.
the Ecclesiastical Commune-Chief; Eccl. (Vihrdhipati*, Adhikrapati*) the
Sub-District Head. abbot who is an Ecclesiastical Sub-District
(Casaghamaalapmokkha*) the Chief as well.
Ecclesiastical Regional Governor. (Vihrapati*) the abbot.
(Mahsaghamaalapmokkha*) (Abbhajati) v. to anoint; n. anointment.
the Chief Superintendent of the (Central, North, (pupphdhna*) a vase.
South, East, or Dhammayuttika) Ecclesiastries; (Sagtikath*) preaching or chanting on
Chief of the ... Eccl. Jurisdiction; Eccl. Governor the account of the First Council of Buddhism.
General. (Codaka) reprover; accuser; plaintiff.
(Nigamasaghdhipati*) the (Codan) reproof; charge; accusation;
Ecclesiastical District Officer. plaint.

(Chakmvacaradevaloka) (Chanda) metrics; prosody; a metre;
the six heavens of sensual pleasures. metrical composition.
(Mahakamma) celebration. v. to celebrate. (Chandgati) the wrong way of
(Chaabhi) the sixfold super- behaviour consisting in predilection; prejudice
normal knowledge; the six psychic powers. caused by love; partiality.
(Chatta) royal canopy; sunshade; parasol. (Chabbaaras) the ray of six
(Bhujati) v. (of a monk or novice) to eat; take colours.
food. (Chy) 1. (T.) the Pali monastic name of a
(Chanda) 1. will; aspiration; the will to Buddhist monk; ordination-name. 2. shade;
do; resolve; zeal; desire; impulse; wish; loving shadow.
interest; desire for truth and understanding. 2. (Ekasa) v. to arrange the upper robe
consent; declaration of consent to an official over one shoulder (the left one).
act by an absentee; proxy vote.

(Jaila) a class of ascetics with matted (Jalbuja) womb-born creatures; those
hair, usually worshipping fire, sometimes born from the womb; the viviparous.
classed under Isi; matted-hair ascetic. (Javana) impulsion; apperception; impulsive
(Janakakamma) reproductive kamma; moment; a phase or stage of the process of
regenerative kamma. consciousness at which there is full perception
(Jambdpa) the continent of the rose- and at which kamma is performed, usually lasting
apples, i.e. India. for seven thought-moments.
(Jar) old age; decay. (Kaik, Kapilandhana*) the curved
 324

finial (of a gable); gable-finial; (elongated of the Buddha.

ornate) gable spire.
, . (Jivhdvra) tongue-door; tongue-
(Jayamagalagth) stanzas for
the blessing or glory of victory.
(Jgariynuyoga) practice of watch-
fulness; avoidance of sleep; wakefulness.
(Jtaka) 1. a birth story; the stories of the
Buddhas previous lives. 2. Birth Stories;
name of the tenth division of the Khuddaka
Nikya.
(Jti) birth; rebirth.
(Attabhava) a previous birth; former
life.
(Paraloka, punabbhava) rebirth; re-
existence; future life.
(Jina) 1. the conqueror; the victor; the
Buddha. 2. Jain; Jaina.
, (Jinaputta, Jinorasa) a disciple
(Jhna) meditation; absorption; a state of
serene contemplation attained by meditation;
(mis.) trance; ecstasy.
(Jivh) the tongue.
avenue.
(Jivhvia) tongue-con-
sciousness.
(Muakaupsik*) a shaven-headed female
devotee who wears white robes and observes
five or eight precepts; white-robed female lay
follower.
(Jvita) life; vitality.
(Jvitindriya) vitality; life-principle;
psychic life; the faculty of life.
(Mahpaim-patihna) base (for the
principal Buddha image); pedestal.
.
(Sitthadpdhra*) candlestick.
(Pattdhraka) bowl-support; bowl-
stand.
(Jhpanakicca) cremation.
(Jhpanahna) crematorium.

, (atti) a motion.
(a) knowledge; real knowledge;
wisdom; insight.
(adassana) knowing and seeing;
perfect knowledge; all-comprising know-
ledge; a vision of truth; insight; vision
through wisdom.
(adassana-visuddhi) purity , (ya) right path; right
of knowledge and vision; purity of vision
regarding intuitive wisdom; purification by
knowledge and vision.
(ti) a kinsman; relative.
(k) 1. a sub-commentary. 2. (T.) a letter
of invitation or invitation card to a monk. 3.
(tibali) offering to kinsfolk; the
helping of ones relatives.
(tisagaha) good treatment
towards kinsmen; the helping of ones
relatives.
(tislohita) relations and blood
relations.
method; the Noble Path; truth; Nibbna.
, (eyyadhamma) any-
thing that should be learnt or understood;
the knowable.
(T.) written request for donation. 4. (T.)
petition; appeal.
 325

(hna*) pedestal (as of a Buddha image). (hnnusatti) the authority based
(hnnukkama*) the ecclesiastical on ones rank or dignity.
order of retinue; assistants or staff members; (hiti, hti) duration; static moment; the
entourage. moment of standing.

.

. realm; the heaven of the satisfied gods;
(Tpasa) a hermit; ascetic. name of the fourth heavenly abode, of which
(Tvatis) the realm (or heaven) of Santusita is the king.
the Thirty-three Gods; name of the second (rmika; rmika-kumra; Daharrmika;
heavenly abode, of which Sakka is the king. Kappiyakraka) temple boy. .
, . (Titthiya) an adherent of another
(Tusit) the realm of delight; the delightful religion; heretical teacher.

(Tacapacaka-kammahna) .
the skin pentad of meditation subjects; the (Piadna) v. to offer food to the
subject for meditation comprising the five monks on their almsround.
constituents ending with the skin (the four (Tajjanyakamma) the formal act
others being hair, body hair, nails and teeth); of censure.
. (Tah) craving; desire; thirst.
(Tatiyajjhna) the third Jhna; the (Tatramajjhattat) equanimity;
third absorption. equipoise; mental balance.
(Tathgata) 1. the Accomplished One; (Tassappiyasik) inflicting a
the Thus-come; the Thus-gone; the Truth- penalty on one who is at fault; decision for
winner; an epithet of the Buddha. 2. an specific depravity.
Arahant. 3. a being. (Tlapatta) a palm leaf. (T.) a fan made
(Tadagapahna) abandoning by of palm-leaves, with a long handle, used by a
substitution of opposites. monk in ceremonies; ceremonial fan. .
(Tadagavimutti) deliverance by (Vasa) tradition; chronicle.
substitution of opposites. (Tiavatthrakavinaya) pro-
(Tapa) 1. religious austerity; penance. 2. cedure for covering over (as) with grass, (a
exertion; mental devotion; ascetic practice. reconciliation of both parties without need for
(Bodhi) Enlightenment. v. to be en- clearing up the rights and wrongs).
lightened; attain enlightenment. (Tiracchnakath) a variety of
(Adhikrapaa*) certificate of worldly talk; childish talk; aimless talk.
appointment; credentials; eccl. warrant. (Tiracchnayoni) the animal
. kingdom; the realm of the brute creation.
 326
(Tiracchnavijj) a low art; pseudo-
sciences; any study tending to be an
obstacle on the way to Nibbna.
(Tisaraagamanpasampad) Spheres, viz., the Sense Sphere, the Form
ordination by taking the Threefold Refuge.
(Tejokasia) fire-contemplation; fire
as a meditational device.
(Tejodhtu) fire-element; the element
of heat; heat.
(Tevcika) lit. pronouncing three words or
three times; especially one who pronounces
the threefold formula of refuge, the first being
Yasas father.
(Pjanapha*) a set of altar tables.
(Ticvara) the three robes of a Bhikkhu,
consisting of the under, the upper and the
outer robes; Triple Robe.
(Tidvra) the three doors or avenues of
action: body, speech, and mind.
(Tepiaka) lit. the Three Baskets; the
Tipiaka; the three divisions of the Buddhist
Canon, viz., Vinaya, Sutta and Abhidhamma,
generally known as the Pali Canon.
(Tiveda) lit. the three knowledges; the
three Vedas; the three divisions of the
Brahmanic canon of authorized religious
teaching and practice, viz., Irubbeda,
(Pattathavik) the bag with a sling,
used for carrying an alms-bowl in; bowl-case;
bowl-bag.
(Deti) v. to offer, give or present (to a
monk or a prince).
(Sarrajjhpana) the cremation
ceremony.
(Thambha) obstinacy; immobility;
hardness; obduracy.
(Vaccaku) the water closet; toilet (for
monks); privy.
(Thna) sloth; unwieldiness; impliability;
morbid state of mind.
Yajubbeda and Smaveda, to which the
fourth, Athabbana, was added later.
, (Tibhava, Tebhmi) the Three
Sphere and the Formless Sphere; three
realms; three worlds; three planes of
existence.
(Temsa) three months, especially
those of the rainy season.
(Ratanattaya) the Three Jewels; the
Three Gems; Triple Gem. .
(Tilakkhaa) the Three Charac-
teristics; the Three Signs of Being; also
called the Common Characteristics. -
.
(Tiloka) the three worlds. .
(Tisaraa) the Threefold Refuge;
Three Refuges; Triple Guide.
(Tisaraagamana) taking the
Threefold Refuge; going to the Buddha, the
Dhamma, and the Sangha for refuge.
(Sikkhttaya) the Threefold Learning;
the Threefold Training; the Three Studies:
morality, concentration and wisdom, (pre-
ferably, training in higher morality, in higher
mentality, and in higher wisdom).
(Thnamiddha) sloth and torpor; sloth
and drowsiness; torpor and languor; stolidity
and drowsiness.
(Thullaccaya) a grave offence; Serious
Transgression.
(Thprahapuggala) persons
worthy of a tope; those whose relics should
be enshrined.
(Thena) a thief; (T.) unbecoming religious;
shameless monk.
(Theyyacitta) intention to steal.
(Theyyacetan) intention to steal.
(Theyyasavsa) living clandestinely

with the monks; disguising oneself as a
monk; communion by theft.
(Thera) an elder; a senior member of the
Order; a senior monk (of at least ten years
standing).
(Theragth) Psalms of the Brethren;
Verses of the Elders; name of the eighth
division of the Khuddaka Nikya.
(Theravda) the Doctrine of the Elders;
(Dadhi) curd; sour milk.
(Dama) self-command; self-control; taming;
subjugation; training; mastery; adjustment.
(Dvra) 1. door; avenue. 2. a sense-door;
sense-avenue. 3. door of action.
(Dasajti) the ten longest birth-stories of the
Buddha, regarded as the most important.
(Dasapram) the ten perfections; the ten
principal virtues practised by a Bodhisatta.
(Dasavara) the ten blessings; ten boons.
(Dasabala) 1. the Ten Powers of the
Buddha. 2. one who is endowed with ten
supernormal powers, i.e. the Buddha.
(Dasabalaa) the ten supreme
intellectual powers of the Buddha.
(Dasarjadhamma) the tenfold
code of the king; the tenfold virtue or duty of
the king; the ten royal virtues; virtues of a
ruler.
(Suvaapatta) (T.) gold leaf.
. (Dna) giving; gift; alms-giving; charity;
[ ] (Pasuklacvaranikkhipana) (T.) generosity; benevolence; liberality; a gift;
v. to lay a robe (as an offering to a monk at a
funeral or memorial ceremony); lay down a
funeral robe.
. chief donor.
, (Dakkhi) a gift; donation; (Dnamaya) (merit) gained through, or
dedicatory gift; an intercessional expiatory
offering; donation given to a holy person
with reference to unhappy beings in the
Peta existence, intended for the alleviation of
327
Teaching of the Elders; the Southern School
of Buddhism.
(Thernuthera) senior monks in
general.
(Ther) a woman elder; senior nun.
(Thergth) Psalms of the Sisters;
Verses of the Women Elders; name of the
ninth division of the Khuddaka Nikya.
their sufferings.
(Dakkhivaa) winding to the
right; clockwise.
(Dakkhiodaka) water of dedication;
consecrated water.
, (Dakkhieyya-
puggala) an individual deserving a donation;
one worthy of a donation.
(Dakkhianikya) the Southern
School of Buddhism, i.e. the Theravda.
(Dakkhinuppadna*) offering
made to a monk or monks on behalf of the
dead.
(Daakamma) punishment; penalty.
, , (Dassana) 1. seeing;
sight; intuition. 2. view; opinion; theory.
(Dahkamma) making firm; strength-
ening by repeating, as reordination.
(Dhadhtu) the tooth relic (of the
Buddha).
donation; alms; benefaction.
(Dnapati) 1. lord of alms; master in
liberality. 2. one in charge of alms-giving;
connected with, alms-giving; the way of
making merit, consisting in alms-giving or
charity.
(Dyaka) almsgiver; donor; benefactor;
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the lay supporter of Bhikkhus; lay giver; lay (Dibba) divine; heavenly; celestial.
supporter. (Dghanikya) the Collection of Long
(Dyik) a female donor. Discourses; Dialogues of the Buddha; name
(Vatta, Bhassara*) mode of chanting. of the first main division of the Sutta Piaka.
(Puakaraa) merit-making; performing (Kappanvatthu*) monastic revenue
meritorious action. v. to make merit; do merit; estate.
do good; perform meritorious action. (Saghikavatthu) monastery estate.
(Gehapahamaparibhoga- (rmavatthu, Vihravatthu) monastery
magala*, Gehappavesana-magala*) house- compound.
warming ceremony. .
(Gehamagala*) house-blessing (Dukkaa) an offence of wrongdoing.
ceremony. (Dukkha) 1. suffering; misery; woe; pain; ill;
(Syaha-sajjhya*, Sya-
, sorrow; trouble; discomfort; unsatisfactoriness;
bha*) evening chanting. problematic situation; stress; conflict. adj.
(Pubbaha-sajjhya*, Pta-bha*) unsatisfactory; miserable; painful; subject to
morning chanting. suffering; ill; causing pain. 2. physical or bodily
(Dihadhamma) the visible order of pain; difficulty; unease; ill-being.
things; present condition; this world; the (Dukkhat) the state of being subject
present life; temporality. to suffering; painfulness; stress; conflict.
(Dihadhammavedanya- (Dukkhanirodha Ariyasacca) the
kamma) immediately effective kamma; kamma Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering; the
ripening during the life-time. Noble Truth of the Extinction of Suffering.
(Dihadhammikattha) gain for (Dukkhanirodha-
this life; present benefit; temporal welfare; gminpaipad Ariyasacca) the Noble Truth
sources of happiness in the present life. of the Path that leads to the Cessation (or,
(Dihvikamma) an open statement the Extinction) of Suffering.
of ones view; explanation of views; view (Dukkhavedan) painful feeling.
clarification. (Dukkhasamudaya Ariya-
, (Dihi) 1. a theory; view; belief; sacca) the Noble Truth of the Cause (or, the
opinion; speculation; dogma. 2. misbelief; Origin) of Suffering; the Noble Truth of the
erroneous opinion; false theory. Condition of the Arising of Suffering.
(Dihivisuddhi) purity of under- (Dukkha Ariyasacca) the Noble
standing; purification of view. Truth of Suffering.
(Dihi-smaat) equality in (Dukkarakiriy) the practice of aus-
view; unity in view. terities; self-mortification.
(Dihujukamma) straightening of (Duggati) (the 3 or 4) States of Unhappi-
ones own views. ness; woeful courses of existence; evil states;
(Dihupdna) clinging to woeful existences.
erroneous opinions; attachment to views. (Duccarita) bad conduct; wrong action.
(Dibbacakkhu) divine eye; heavenly (Dutiyajjhna) the second Jhna; the
eye; clairvoyance. second absorption.
(Dibbasota) divine ear; heavenly ear; (Dubbhsita) an offence of wrong
clairaudience. speech.
 329
(Dussla) of bad conduct; void of morality;
immoral.
(Deva) lit. a shining one; god; deity; divine
being.
(Devat) a celestial or heavenly being;
deity.
(Devatnussati) recollection of
heavenly beings; reflection on deifying
virtues as found in oneself.
(Devatbali) an offering to the deity.
(Devadta) lit. gods messenger; divine
messenger; a symbolic name for those things
which remind man of his future and rouse
him to earnest striving.
(Devadhamma) divine virtue; the
virtues that make divine, i.e. moral shame
and dread.
(Devarpa*) an image of a deity; idol.
(Devaloka) world of gods; heaven;
celestial realm.
(Dvevcika) lit. pronouncing two words or
two times; especially those who pronounce the
words, taking only two refuges, viz., the Buddha
and the Dhamma, Tapussa and Bhallika being
the first ones.
(Desakla) a season for merit-making and
(Dhamakaraka) a filter; water-strainer.
. lecture.
(Dhamma) 1. the Dharma; the Dhamma;
the Doctrine; the Teachings (of the Buddha). 2.
the Law; nature. 3. the Truth; Ultimate Reality.
4. the Supramundane, especially nibbna. 5.
quality; righteousness; virtue; morality; good
conduct; right behaviour. 6. tradition; practice;
principle; norm; rule; duty. 7. justice;
impartiality. 8. thing; phenomenon. 9. a
cognizable object; mind-object; idea. 10. mental
state; mental factor; mental activities. 11.
condition; cause; causal antecedent.
(Dhammakath) ethical discussion;
local festivals.
(Mahjtakadesan*) (T.) Great-
Birth Sermon; a sermon on the great birth
story of the Bodhisatta Vessantara.
(Desan) preaching; discourse; sermon;
instruction. v. to preach; expound the
Doctrine; give a sermon.
(Sitthadpa) a candle.
(Vassadpa, Vassikapadpa) candle
for the rains; Lenten candle.
(Domanassa) a painful mental feeling;
(mental) displeasure; sad-mindedness; grief.
(Dosa, Vajja, dnava) fault; blemish;
defect; corruption; depravity; disadvantage.
(Dosa) hatred; anger; ill-will; aversion.
(Dosacarita) the hateful; one of hating
temperament; a quick-tempered person.
(Dosgati) wrong way of behaviour
consisting in hatred; prejudice caused by
hatred.
(Deyyadna) a gift fit to be given;
gift; donation.
(Deyyadhamma) that which has the
quality of being given; gift; offerings (to
monks).
religious talk; talk on the Dhamma; Dhamma-
(Dhammakathika) one who preaches
the Doctrine; a preacher.
(Dhammakkhandha) a portion of the
Dhamma; a main article of the Doctrine; a
textual unit; a category of the Dhamma.
(Dhammagua) virtue or quality of
the Dhamma.
(Dhammacariy) observance of
righteousness; righteous conduct.
(Dhammacakka) the Wheel of the
Doctrine; the Wheel of the Law; the Wheel of
Truth; the Kingdom of Righteousness; the
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First Sermon. Truth or the Doctrine; (T.) research on the

(Dhammacakkhu) the Eye of Truth; Dhamma; search of Truth.
the Eye of Wisdom. (Dhammavijaya) conquest by piety;
(Dhammacrika) wandering conquest by righteousness.
Dhamma-preacher; spiritual-welfare worker. (Dhammavinaya) Dhamma-Vinaya;
(Dhammacetiya) a shrine in which the Norm-Discipline; the Doctrine and the
sacred texts are housed; a shrine of the Discipline.
Doctrine; doctrinal monument. (Dhammavibhga) classification of
(Dhammat) general rule; nature; the dhammas; enumeration of the Dhamma;
law of nature; cosmic law. Dhamma classification.
(Dhammadna) the Gift of Truth; gift (Dhammasabh) the Hall of Truth; a
of the Dhamma. hall for the discussion of the Dhamma; a
(Dhammadta*) Dhamma-messenger; place for religious meeting.
Buddhist field-preacher; Buddhist missionary. .
(Dhammadesan) expounding the (Dhammaskacch) discussion
Dhamma; preaching; exposition of the about the Doctrine; religious discussion.
Doctrine; a sermon. (Dhammasenpati) generalissimo
(Dhammadhara) Dhamma bearer; of the Dhamma; Commander in Chief of the
one versed in the Dhamma; an expert in the Law; an epithet of the Venerable Sriputta.
Dhamma. (Dhammdhipateyya) regard of
(Dhammadhtu) 1. a mental object. the Dhamma (the Law or righteousness) as
2. the cosmic law. being supreme; supremacy of the Dhamma;
(Dhammaniyma) order of the dominant influence by the Dhamma; rule of
norm; law of the Dhamma; certainty or the true law; rule of righteousness.
orderliness of causes and effects; general law (Dhammdhihna) exposition in
of cause and effect. terms of ideas; teaching with reference to
(Dhammapada) 1. Way of Truth; An ideas. .
Anthology of Sayings of the Buddha; name of ,
the second division of the Khuddaka Nikya. (Dhammnudhammapaipatti) practice in
2. a line or stanza of the Doctrine; a word of perfect conformity to the Dhamma.
the Doctrine; talk or discourse on the (Dhammrammaa) a mind-object;
Dhamma. cognizable object; cognoscible object.
(Dhammapariyya) disquisition. (Dhammsana) the Dhamma-seat; a
. seat on which a monk sits while preaching;
, (Dhammayuttika-nik pulpit.
ya*) the Dhammayutika Sect; Law-Abiding (Dhammkath) religious talk;
Sect; Smaller Sub-Order (of the Thai discussion concerning the Doctrine;
Monkhood); smaller denomination. Dhamma talk.
. - -.
(Dhammavd) one who speaks (Dhammakmat) the quality of
according to the Dhamma; speaker of the one who loves the Dhamma; love of Truth.
doctrine; speaker of the rightful things. (Dhammacakkap-
(Dhammavicaya) investigation of the pavattanasutta) the discourse of setting in
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motion the Wheel of the Doctrine; the Contemplation of Mind-object; contemplation

Discourse of the Foundation of the Kingdom of phenomena; mindfulness as regards the
of Righteousness; the First Sermon. Dhamma.
(Dhammadesanmaya) (merit) (Dhammnussati) recollection of the
connected with, or to be gained through, Doctrine; reflection on the virtues of the
preaching; the way of making merit con- Dhamma.
sisting in moral instruction. (Dhammbhisamaya) under-
(Dhammapaisambhid) Discri- standing of the Truth; conversion to the
mination of the Law; analytical knowledge of Dhamma; enlightenment.
the Law; discriminating knowledge of reasons, (Dhtu) 1. an element; natural condition;
conditions or causal relations. that which carries its own characteristic
(Dhammasagai) Classification of mark. 2. a relic, especially that of the
Dhammas; Enumeration of Phenomena; Buddha or an Arahant.
name of the first book of the Abhidhamma Piaka. (Dhtukath) Discussion with
(Dhammaut) the quality of one reference to the Elements; name of the third
who knows the Law; knowing the cause or book of the Abhidhamma Piaka.
origin; knowing the principles. .
(Dhammappamik) those (Dhtucetiya) a shrine over the
who measure or judge by righteousness; Buddhas relic; dagoba.
those whose faith depends on the Dhamma or .
on righteous behaviour. .
(Dhammassavana) hearing the (Dhiti) energy; courage; steadfastness; firm
Dhamma; hearing the preaching of the character; resolution; wisdom.
Dhamma; hearing a sermon; listening to the (Dhutaga, Dhtaga) (the thirteen)
good teaching. Austere Practices; constituents of ascetic
(Dhammassavanamaya) (merit) practice to remove defilements.
connected with, or to be gained through, (Dhura) burden; load; duty; charge; office;
hearing a sermon; the way of making merit responsibility.
consisting in listening to the Dhamma. (Dhpa) an incense-stick; joss-stick.
(Dhammnupassan) the

(Namakkra) salutation; the act of ,
paying homage; homage; veneration; (T.) (Nakkhattakana) the celebration of
salutation with joined palms. a festival; festivity.
(Naraka, Niraya) abyss; hell; purgatory. .
. (Dhammika*) one learned in the
(Navakabhikkhu) a neophyte; newly Doctrine; Doctrine-knower; one who has
ordained monk (of less than 5 years stand- passed the examination of any of the three
ing). grades of Dhamma-study; eccl. graduate of
(Navakamma) building new; con- Dhamma studies; Dhamma graduate;
struction; making repairs. Dhamma scholar.
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(Pabbajita) a religious; priest; monk. the Five Precepts.

(Yati, Vatavantu) one who takes up a (Niccabhatta) a continuous food-
religious practice or observes a religious supply; monthly food allowance.
vow; ascetic; recluse; hermit. (Niddesa) 1. Expositions; name of the
(Dhammagyaka*) a chanter. eleventh division of the Khuddaka Nikya. 2.
. description; analytic explanation.
. (Nidna) 1. source; cause; origin;
. reference. 2. (T.) a story.
(Naccagtavditaviska- (Nind) blame; reproach; fault-finding;
dassana) dancing, singing, music, and calumny. v. to blame; calumniate; speak ill of
unseemly shows (or stage plays). a person.
(Natthikadihi) lit. the theory of (Nibbna) Nirva; Nibbna; the
nothingness; nihilism; nihilistic view. extinction of the fires of greed, of hatred and
. of ignorance; the Unconditioned; the
(Nga) 1. a serpentlike water-god. 2. (T.) supreme goal of Buddhism; the Summum
an applicant (or candidate) for ordination; Bonum of Buddhism; the Final Goal; the
ordinand. extinction of all defilements and suffering.
(Nma) mind; name; mental factors; (Nibbid) dispassion; disinterest;
mentality. disenchantment.
(Nmarpa) Mind and Matter; name , (Nimantana) invitation (for a
and form; mind and body; mentality and monk). v. to invite (a monk).
corporeality. (Nimmnarati) the realm of the gods
, (Nsana, ~n) causing to perish; who rejoice in (their own) creations; name of
expulsion. the fifth heavenly abode of which Sunimmita

(Parittodaka*) consecrated water; blessing is the king.

water; lustral water; holy water.
(Nikkhepapada) a verse or words of
summary; thesis; verse or passage set up for
detailed treatment in a discourse; a saying
quoted for discoursing; discourse-opening
verse.
(Nikya) 1. a collection; group; any of the
five main divisions of the Sutta Piaka. 2. a
sect; school; denomination.
(Nigaha) lit. one who is freed from all
ties; a member of the Jain Order; ascetic in
Jainism.
(Niggahakamma) suppression; punish-
ment; censure; reproach; rebuke; chastisement
of a perverse monk.
(Niccasla) regular precepts; uninter-
rupted observance of virtue; the good
conduct to be observed uninterruptedly, i.e.
, (Nimitta) sign; omen; mark; portent;
cause; mental image; mental reflex; boundary
marker.
(Niyasakamma, Niyassa~) the formal
act of subordination; giving guidance; causing
(a monk) to live (again) in dependence.
(Niyma) certainty; fixed method; regular
order; the state of certainty; the five orders of
processes which operate in the physical and
mental realms; natural and regular orders
governing all things; natural law.
(Niraya) hell; woeful state.
(Niruttipaisambhid) the
Discrimination of Language; knowledge of
dialects or philological analysis; analytical
knowledge of the language (with regard to
the true meaning and the Law).
(Nirodha) the Cessation or Extinction of
 333

Suffering; cessation; extinction. completed five years of living in dependence

(Nvaraa) (the five) hindrances; ob- on the preceptor.
stacles. (Nekkhamma) renunciation; giving
(Nivta) humbleness; humility; lowliness; up the world; escape from sensuality;
gentleness. absence of greed; independence of sensual
. desire and pleasures; self-denial; self-
(Nissaraavimutti) deliverance by abnegation.
escaping from defilements; freedom by (Nekkhammavitakka) thought of
deliverance; Nibbna. renunciation; thought free from selfish desire.
(Nissaggiyapcittiya) an (Navanta) fresh butter; (according to
offence entailing expiation with forfeiture. some, ghee).
(Nissaya) that on which anything (Neyya) one who is to be led or
depends; foundation; help; resource; support; instructed; one requiring guidance; a trainable
protection; guidance; tutelage; dependence. or teachable person.
(Nissaya) 1. 2. habit. (Sappi) ghee; clarified butter.
(Nissayamuttaka) lit. released from (Nevasansa-
dependence, or independent of protection; a yatana) the Realm of neither Perception nor
legally independent monk; a monk who has Non-perception; the fourth immaterial sphere.

, (Dhtu) the Buddhas relics. consequently remindful of him and sacred;
(Pabbajj) 1. leaving the world; going the monument of the Buddhas utility; shrine
forth; adopting the ascetic life; ordination. 2. by use (or by association).
the lower ordination; ordination of a novice; (Parivra) 1. retinue; suite; pomp;
admission to novicehood; Initiation. followers; following. 2. accessories.
(Pabbajita) an ascetic; recluse; monk; (vsaparivea) the compound of a
the ordained; religious; renunciate; monastic. monastery; the Wat compound.
(Pputi; Sacchikaroti; Abhisameti) to (Paris) surrounding people; an
attain; realize; reach; achieve; experience for assembly; company: association; the four
oneself. assemblies of the Buddhist devouts: the
(Parikamma) 1. arrangement; pre- assemblies of monks, nuns, male and female
paration; preliminary action. 2. (T.) repetition; lay devotees.
pronouncing incantations; recitation (or to , (Pabbajj, upasampad) giving up the
recite) for the purpose of making sacred. world; adopting the ascetic life; ordination. v.
(Parikkhra) requisite; (the eight) to go forth; give up or renounce the world;
requisites of a Buddhist monk: the three become an ascetic, a Bhikkhu or a novice; be
robes, the bowl, a razor, a needle, the girdle ordained; join or enter the Order.
and a water-strainer; accessory; equipment. (Pasukla) lit. soiled or loathesome as dirt;
(Pariccga) donation; charity; sacrifice. like a dust heap; discarded; disposed of;
v. to donate; give; give up. unwanted. 1. rags from a dust heap; a robe
(Paribhogacetiya) a tree, shrine, made of rags taken from dust-bins; discarded
dwelling, bed, etc. used by the Buddha and cloth; rag-robe. 2. (T.) a yellow robe dedicated to
 334

a deceased person. v. to take such robes after done in a former existence.

contem-plating on the impermanence of (Pubbakr) one who does a favour
compounded things; meditate and take a before; a previous benefactor.
funeral (or memorial) robe. (Pubbakicca) preliminary function; pre-
(Paaka) a eunuch. liminary duties.
(Paava) a small drum. (Pubbanimitta) a foregoing sign;
(Pallaka) a couch; throne; crossed- prognostic; portent.
legged sitting. (Pubbapetabali) offerings dedicated
(Patta) a bowl; alms-bowl. to the deceased.
(Ppa) evil; wrong action; demerit; (mis.) -.
sin. adj. evil; bad; wicked; demeritorious; (mis.) (Pubbesannivsa) living
sinful. together in the past; previous association;
(Pram) (the ten) Perfections; stages of cohabitation in a previous life.
spiritual perfection achieved by a Bodhisatta (Pj) worship (external and mental);
on his path to Buddhahood (or by those who honour; veneration; homage; devotional
are determined to become Pacceka-buddhas or attention; devotional offering.
Arahant disciples of a Buddha). (Pacakkhandha) the Five Aggre-
(Pli) 1. Pli language; the language gates; the five groups of existence; the five
adopted by the Theravdins as the language causally conditioned elements of existence
in which to preserve the memorized teachings forming a being or entity, viz., corporeality,
of the Buddha. 2. Tipiaka; the text of the Pali feeling, perception, mental formations and con-
Canon; the Buddhas teachings as contained sciousness.
in the Tipiaka. (Pacadhamma) the five ennobling
(Preti, Bhveti) v. to fulfil; cultivate; virtues.
develop; practise. (Pacavaggiya) belonging to the
(Piapta) food received in the group of five; the five Bhikkhus; the five
alms-bowl (of a Bhikkhu); alms-gathering; ascetics; the five mendicants, namely, A-
almsfood. v. to go for alms; go for collecting koaa, Vappa, Bhaddiya, Mahnma, and
alms; go for alms-gathering; go on an Assaji.
almsround; receive food-offerings. (Pacasla) the Five Precepts; the
(Puggaldhihna) exposition in Five Rules of Morality; the Five Training
terms of persons; teaching with reference to Rules.
persons; teaching by means of (Pacappatihitena vandana)
personification. . five-point prostration; the method of ven-
(Pua) merit; meritorious action; virtue; eration or obeisance by prostrating oneself or
righteousness; moral acts; good works. adj. kneeling and touching the ground with five
meritorious; good. parts of the body, viz., the knees, elbows and
(Puakiriyvatthu) (the three or forehead.
ten) items of meritorious action; way of (Uposathagga, Uposathgra) the uposatha
making merit. hall; a chapter house; a hall or building in a
. monastery in which ecclesiastical acts or
(Pubbakaraa) preliminary works. ceremonies are performed; consecrated
(Pubbakamma) a former deed; a deed assembly hall; (mis.) church; temple.

(Smnimittparisilpaa) boundary-
marking slab (usually made of stone and
(Pakaraa) a literary work; book;
canonical text; scripture.
(Paiklasa) consciousness of
impurity; perception of loathsomeness.
(Paigghaka) a recipient; one who
receives.
(Paigha) repulsion; irritation; anger; ill-
will; grudge.
(Paiccasamuppda) the
Dependent Origination; the Law of Causation;
the Chain of Causation; the Law of Dependent
Arising; the Chain of Phenomenal Cause and
Effect; the Conditional Arising and Cessation
of All Phenomena; (the twelve links of)
conditioned co-production.
(Paitakaraa) doing
according to what is admitted; proceeding on
the acknowledgement (by the accused monk).
(Paipatti) the practice.
(Paipad) path; way; method; mode of
progress; means of reaching a goal; practice;
line of conduct.
(Paipada- (Paisrayakamma) formal
dassanavisuddhi) purity of knowledge and
vision of progress.
(Paipassaddhivimutti) deliver- first absorption.
ance by tranquillization.
(Paibhganimitta) conceptualized
image; counterpart sign; counter image.
(Paibha) perspicuity; sagacity;
shrewdness; ready wit.
(Paibha-paisambhid) Akoaa.
the Discrimination of Sagacity.
(Paim) an image; figure.
(Pairpadesavsa) living in a
suitable region; residing in a suitable
locality; dwelling in a favourable place.
(Pailoma) reverse; opposite; contrary;
335
erected over a buried boundary-marking
stone to show its place). .
backward; in reverse order.
(Paivedha) penetration; realization; com-
prehension; attainment; insight; knowledge.
(Paisandhi) relinking; rebirth; reunion;
conception.
(Paisandhikkhaa) relinking
moment; the initial thought-moment of life;
the initial thought-process.
(Paisandhivia) rebirth-
consciousness; relinking consciousness.
(Paissava) promise; assent.
(Paisakharaa) restoration;
reparation; repair; mending.
(Paisanthra) friendly welcome; kind
reception; hospitality; greeting.
(Paisambhid) (the four) Discri-
mination; analytic insight; Analytical
Knowledge; discriminating knowledge.
(Paisambhidmagga) the
Way of Analysis; the Way of Discriminating
Knowledge; name of the twelfth division of
the Khuddaka Nikya.
act of reconciliation.
(Pahamajjhna) the first Jhna; the
(Pahamadesan) the First Sermon;
the First Discourse. .
(Pahamayma) the first watch (from
6:00 to 10:00 p.m.)
(Pahamasvaka) the first disciple:
(Pahavdhtu) lit. the earth-element;
the element of extension; solid; the sub-
stratum of matter.
(Paidhna) aspiration; determination;
resolution.
(Padahna) a proximate cause.
 336

(Padhna) effort; exertion; striving; the (Parieyyadhamma) that which

Four Great Efforts. is to be known accurately; that which should be
(Papaca) diversification; diffuseness; understood or comprehended, i.e. suffering (or
multiplicity; proliferation. all conditioned things).
, (Pamda) heedlessness; (Paritta) verses of protection or safe-
carelessness; negligence; indolence; remiss- guard; protective chants; holy stanzas.
ness. (Parideva) lamentation.
. (Parinibbna) the final or complete
(Paradrakamma) adultery; unlawful Nibbna; the complete extinction of all
intercourse with others wives. passions; the final release from the round of
(Paranimmitavasavatt) the rebirth; the Great Decease of the Buddha;
realm of gods who lord over the creation of death (after the last life-span of an Arhant).
others; name of the sixth heavenly abode of (Paribbjaka) a wandering religious
which Vasavatti is the king. mendicant; wanderer.
, (Paramattha) 1. the high- (Pariyatti) the Scriptures; study of the
est good; the highest ideal; the highest gain; Scriptures; the Teachings to be studied.
the highest benefit; the final goal; the (Parivra) Epitome of the Vinaya; the
Absolute Truth; the Ultimate Reality; Nibb Accessory; name of the last book of the
na. 2. (the four) Ultimates; Ultimate Realities. Vinaya Piaka.
(Paramatthasacca) the absolute (Parivsa) probation.
truth; ultimate truth. (Parisaut) the quality of one
(Paraloka) the other world; the world who knows the assembly; knowing the
beyond; the world to come. assembly; knowledge of groups of persons.
(Paravd) the opponent (in argument (pattidesan) the confession of an
or controversy.) offence. v. to confess an offence.
(Kyabandhana) a girdle; waistband. (yusakhra-vossajjana) to
(Sakkacca sahatth deti) v. to present relinquish the vital force; the Buddhas
(something to a monk) with the hand. announcement of his coming death.
(Citaklimpana, Sarrajjhpana) v. (Palsa) rivalry; envious rivalry;
to light the funeral pyre. domineering.
(Padakkhi) respectful clockwise (Palibodha) obstruction; hindrance;
circumambulation. v. to circumambulate; obstacle; impediment; drawback.
make a triple circumambulation. (Pavra) 1. invitation; giving
. occasion or opportunity; allowance. 2.
(Abbhukkirati, Sicati) v. to sprinkle. invitation to ask. 3. invitation to speak; the act
. of inviting others to advise one or to speak of
. ones offences or any unbecoming behaviour;
(Pmojja) delight; joy; gladness; the ecclesiastical ceremony at the end of the
cheerfulness. rains retreat, in which monks invite one
(Pariccga) giving up; sacrifice. another to speak of any offences or
(Pariccheda) a chapter; fascicule. unbecoming behaviour they have seen, heard
(Pari) accurate or exact knowledge; or suspected to have been committed during
full understanding; comprehension. the rains. v. to invite to ask or to speak.
 337

(Pasda) confidence; satisfaction; joy; (from 2:00 to 6:00 a.m.).

calm and clarity of mind; appreciation; faith. (Pacchimavc) the last word; the
(Pahtabbadhamma) that which last saying.
is to be eradicated or abandoned, i.e. the (Pacchimaovda) the last instruc-
Cause of Suffering. tion; the last advice or exhortation.
(Pahna) giving up; abandoning; - -.
removal; eradication; overcoming. (Pacadvra) the five sense-doors:
(Pahnapadhna) the effort to eye, ear, nose, tongue and body.
discard evils that have arisen; the effort to (Pa) wisdom; knowledge; insight;
overcome unwholesome states. discernment.
(Pakkha) a fortnight; one half of the lunar (Pacakkhu) the Eye of Wisdom.
month; (lunar) half-month. (Pavimutti) liberation through
(Paccaykra) the Mode of wisdom; emancipation through insight.
Dependency. . (Pasampad) achievement of
(Paccavekkhaa) reflection; con- wisdom; the blessing of higher knowledge.
sideration; reviewing. .
(Paccantadesa) the out-skirts (Pah) a question; inquiry; problem.
of a country; bordering regions. (Pahna) the Book of Causal Rela-
(Paccaya) 1. condition; aiding condition; tions; name of the seventh book of the
factor. 2. (the four) requisites, viz., clothing, Abhidhamma Piaka.
food, dwelling and medicine; necessities. (Paattivajja) formulated fault;
(Paccayasannissitasla) dis- breach of the training rules; that which is
cipline as regards the four requisites; con- blamable by the regulation. .
duct in connection with the necessities of life. (Pattnumodan) rejoicing in
(Paccuggamana) rising to receive. others merit.
(Paccuddharaa) to give up the use (Pattnumodanmaya) (merit)
(of an old robe); remove; revoke. connected with, or to be gained through,
(Paccupahna) appearance; mode rejoicing in others merit.
of appearance; phenomenon. (Pattidna) giving of merit;
(Paccekabuddha) a private Buddha; transference of merit; letting others share or
a Silent Buddha; a Buddha who has won participate in doing good.
enlightenment by himself, but does not teach (Pattidnamaya) (merit) connected
others; one who gains liberation for himself with, or to be gained through, the giving out
alone. of ones accumulated merit; the transference
(Pacchimik) the later period for of merit or letting others share in doing good
keeping the rains. as a way of making merit.
(Pacchbhatta) afternoon; after the .
mealtime of the monk. (Pabbjanyakamma) the act
(Pacchsamaa) a junior monk of banishment; exile; the punishment made to
who walks behind a senior on his rounds; a monk deserving to be expelled.
accompanying monk; attendant. (Passaddhi) tranquillity; quietude;
(Pacchimajti) the last birth. calmness; repose; serenity; relaxation.
(Pacchimayma) the last watch (Passsa) out-breathing; exhalation.
 338

(Pcittiya) 1. Minor Offences; one of speech.

the books of the Vinaya; 2. an offence (Pisuavc) malicious speech;
entailing expiation. slandering; tale-bearing.
(Pidesanya) an offence to be (Pti) joy; rapture; delight; zest; interest.
confessed. (Puggalapaatti) Description of
, (Pmokkha, Ptimokkha) Individuals; Designation of Individuals; name
the Fundamental Precepts; the fundamental of the fourth book of the Abhidhamma Piaka.
rules of the Order; the 227 disciplinary rules (Puggalaut) the quality of one
binding on Bhikkhus; a collection of the who knows individuals; knowing the
fundamental precepts of the Order recited every individual; knowledge of individuals.
fortnight; fortnightly recitation of the fundamental .
precepts; Disciplinary Code. (Pucchvissajjan) catechism;
, ~ (Pimokkha- question and answer.
savarasla) discipline as prescribed by the (Puthujjana) a worldling; worldly person;
Pimokkha; moral discipline as regards the ordinary man.
Fundamental Precepts; restraint with regard - -.
to the monastic disciplinary code. (Pubbekatapuat) the state
(Pihriya) marvel; wonder; miracle. of having done meritorious actions in the
(Ptipta) taking life; killing. past; to have done good deeds in the past;
(Pvacana) the fundamental text; the having prepared oneself with good
Scriptures; the Dhamma and the Vinaya; the background.
Doctrine and the Discipline. (Pubbenivsnussatia)
. Reminiscence of Past or Previous Births; the
(Prjika) 1. Major Offences; the first recollection of former lives; supernormal know-
of the two divisions of the Suttavibhaga of ledge which enables one to remember the
the Vinaya. 2. a grave offence involving various past courses of ones own existences.
expulsion from monkhood; Defeat. 3. one (Purimik) the earlier period for
who has committed the grave offence of keeping the rains.
expulsion; defeated one. (Pjanyapuggala) a venerable
(Prisuddhisla) the four kinds of person; person worthy of honour; one
Higher Sla; the fourfold moral purity; morality entitled to homage.
for purification; morality consisting in purity. (Pjanyavatthu*) an object of worship.
(Piaka) a basket; any of the three main (Pjanyahna*) a place of worship;
divisions of the Pli Canon. . place of sanctity; religious place; shrine; holy
(Suvalepa) v. to gild; cover with or sacred place; sanctuary.
gold leaf; put a gold leaf on. adj. gilded; .
covered with gold leaves. (Puam) the full-moon day.
, (Pittivisaya, Pettivisaya) the (Petavatthu) Stories of the Departed;
plane of the departed; the world of manes; name of the tenth division of the Khuddaka
the realm of ghost-beings. Nikya.
(Pitughta) patricide. (Peyyavajja) lit. drinkable words;
(Bhattahrik*) food carrier; tiffin carrier. kindly speech.
(Piyavc) pleasant speech; kindly (Peta) a departed being; ghost; ghost-
 339

being; hungry ghost; the ghost of the departed. grades of Pali studies; eccl. graduate of Pali
(Pari*, Pli*) one versed or learned studies; Pali graduate; Pali scholar.
in Pali studies; one who has passed the .
examination of any of the seven higher (3 to 9)

(Pharapti) rapture; diffused rapture. discarded cloth; hold a Forest-Robe
(Pharusavc) harsh speech; harsh Presentation Ceremony.
language. (Udakasik) a bathing-cloth.
(Phala) fruit; result; consequence; effect. (Vassikasik) cloth for the rains;
(Phassa) contact; touch; mental im- rains-cloth.
pression. (Smsammati) v. to establish the
(Abhivdanacela*) cloth for placing the boundary of the Sangha communion area. n.
forehead on when bowing down; prostrating consecration of the Assembly Hall boundary.
cloth. (Nimanteti) v. to invite (monks), espe-
(Phita) treacle; molasses; sugar. cially for a collective action.
(Pasukla-cvara, Assmika-vattha) (Paksana, Vipulakaraa) propagation;
Forest Robe; (probably, ) cloth dissemination; spreading.
discarded in the forest or on a charnel (Mettya phara) radiation of
ground; discarded cloth; (T.) a robe left for loving-kindness. v. to wish others (or all
the monks to take as a discarded cloth. v. beings) to be well and happy.
() to leave a robe (together with , .
other offerings) for the monks to take as a (Phohabba) tangible object.

(Smnimittanidhna) ceremony of (Pattapidhna) lid or cover for an
depositing boundary marking stones; burial of alms-bowl; alms-bowl lid.
boundary markers.

(Ajali karoti) v. to lift the joined (Vata) ascetic practice; religious observance.
palms as a token of reverence; put the hands (Parittodaka-abbhukkiraa*; ~-
together (at the chest or forehead) in sicana*) to sprinkle the holy water.
salutation. (Vassa) a year; rainy season; the rains;
(Vykaraa) answer; explanation; rains-retreat; rains-residence; the Buddhist
declaration; exposition; prediction. Lent.
(Bydhi) disease; sickness; ailment. (Brahma) 1. (in Hinduism) Brahma; the
(Bypda) ill-will; hatred; malevo- Creator; the Universal Self. 2. (in Buddhism)
lence; aversion. a divine being of the Form Sphere or of the
, (Vyma) effort; exertion; striv- Formless Sphere; brahma god; happy and
ing; endeavour. blameless celestial being; inhabitant of the
(Vara) boon; blessing; favour. higher heavens.
 340
(Brahmacariya) the Holy Life;
sublime life; religious life; celibate life; chaste
life; strict chastity; Brahma-faring.
(Brahmacr) one who leads a holy or
chaste life; celibate; Brahma-farer.
(Brahmadaa) lit. sublime
punishment; punishment by suspending or
breaking off conversation and communication;
sanctioned punishment by silent treatment.
(Brahmaloka) the Brahma world; the
Fine-Material and Immaterial Worlds.
(Brahmavihra) (the four) Divine
States (of mind); the four noble sentiments;
the Highest Conduct; the sublime states of
mind.
- . Brahmin caste; a priest.
(Bhikkhu, Pabbajita) 1. title used when
speaking of a Buddhist monk; venerable. 2. a
Bhikkhu; Buddhist monk; monk; (in other
religions) a priest; minister; clergyman; etc.
(Garuhniyabhikkhu*) the title of a
monastic dignitary lower than Chao Khun;
Phra Khru; Venerable Teacher.
(Khuddakabuddhapaibimba*) a
small Buddha image (often used as an amulet or
talisman); amuletic Buddha image.
(Dhamma) Dhamma; Dharma; the
Doctrine; the Teachings; the Law; the Norm.
(Shaseyykappakabuddhapaim*,
Saynapaim*) Reclining Buddha.
(Satthu) the Master; the
Teacher; the Great Master; the Buddha.
(Patihnabuddhapaim*) a Buddha
image of a larger size fit to be placed more
or less permanently for worship; Buddha
image (to be) set (on an altar) for worship;
altar Buddha-image.
(Padhnabuddhapaim*) the
principal Buddha image (in the Uposatha
hall); main Buddha image.
(Thpa) (round-topped) towerlike
stupa with a pronged crownpiece; Phra Prang.
(Bhagav) the Blessed One; , .
,
the Exalted One.
(Buddha) the Buddha; Lord
Buddha; the Enlightened One; the
Awakened One.
(Buddhapda) the Buddhas
footprint.
(Buddhapaim) a Buddha image.
(Buddharpa) the figure of the
Buddha; a Buddha image.
(Buddhassana) Buddhism;
the teaching of the Buddha.
(Sagha) 1. Sagha; the Order; the
monastic order. 2. (T.) a monk.
.
(Brhmaa) a Brahmin; man of the
(Bala) power; strength; health; energy.
(Bali) religious offering.
(Bahulakamma) .
(Bahussuta) one who has great know-
ledge; a very learned man; well-taught man;
man of great learning.
(Cittavjan, hnantaravjan) an
ornamental long-handled fan used as
insignia of a monastic rank; fan as rank
insignia; rank fan; official fan; fan insignia.
(Baddhasm) boundary established
by the Sagha; consecrated area; con-
secrated place of assembly; (T.) consecrated
assembly hall.
(Ahapallakanisajj) v. to sit flat
with both legs tucked back to one side; sit
sideways.
(Bla) a fool; spiritually defective person.
(Bhusacca) much learning; great
learning; profound knowledge.
(Vidhna) arrangement; performance; cere-
mony.
(Vidhikara*) master of ceremonies.
(Pjvidhi, Crittaniyama*) rite; ritual;
ceremony.
.
 341
(Bjaniyma) physical organic order;
biological laws.
(Buddha) the Buddha; a Buddha; enlight-
ened one.
(Buddhakla) the time of the Buddha (or
a Buddha); the advent of the Buddha.
(Buddhakicca) the Buddhas daily
routine; duty of the Buddha.
(Buddhagua) the quality (virtue or
character) of the Buddha.
(Buddhacariy) the Buddhas conduct;
the Buddhas course of conduct; the Buddhas
career or style of life; the Buddhas life
activities; the way of the Buddha.
(Buddhacakka) the Buddhist monastic
order.
(Buddhaparis) the Buddhist assembly;
the four assemblies of Buddhists; Buddhists
(collectively).
(Buddhapda) the Buddhas footprint.
. merchant and agriculturalist; tradesfolk.
(Buddhapavatti*) the life of the
Buddha; life-story of the Buddha.
(Buddhavacana) the word of the Bud-
dha; (T.) any sayings or teachings of the
Buddha.
(Buddhabhsita) what was said by
the Buddha; the Buddhas sayings.
(Buddhammaka) one devoted to
the Buddha; one who professes Buddhism;
Buddhist.
. enlightenment.
(Buddhavasa) the History of the
Buddhas; name of the fourteenth division of
the Khuddaka Nikya.
(Buddhasaka*) the Buddhist Era
(B.E.).
(muhassati) confused; muddled;
deranged.
, (sammosa) confusion; falling
,
.
(Buddhammaka) a Buddhist;
adherent of Buddhism.
(Buddhantara) a Buddha-interval; the
period between the appearance of one
Buddha and the next.
(Buddhnussati) recollection of the
Buddha; reflection on the virtue of the
Buddha.
(Buddhvsa*) residence of the
Buddha; the sanctuary or public precincts of
a monastery.
(Buddhicarita) the intellectual; the
wise; one whose behaviour or character is
wisdom; an intelligent-natured person.
(Pacchimabhattakla*) the limited time for
the second and last meal of the monk;
lunchtime for Buddhist monks, (11.00 A.M. to
12.00 noon); forenoon meal.
(Vessa) a member of the third caste;
(Bojjhaga) (the seven) Constituents
(or Factors) of Enlightenment; enlightenment
factors.
() (Bodhirukkha) the Bo tree; the
Bodhi Tree; pipal tree; the Ficus Religiosia.
(Bodhia) Enlightenment; supreme
knowledge.
(Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma) (the
thirty-seven) qualities contributing to
enlightenment; virtues partaking of
, (Bodhisatta) the Bodhisatta;
Bodhisattva; a Buddha-to-be; Enlightenment-
being; candidate for Buddhahood; one who
has resolved to attain enlightenment for the
helping of his fellow beings.
into oblivion.
, (uddhacca) restlessness; dis-
traction; flurry.

. (Bhvanmayapa) wisdom
(Bhava) becoming; existence; process of
becoming; state of existence.
(Bhaygati) wrong way of behaviour
consisting in fear; prejudice caused by fear.
(Bhavatah) craving for existence;
craving for rebirth; craving for sensual pleas-
ures connected with the view of eternalism.
(Bhavaga) life-continuum; the
subliminal consciousness; constituent of
becoming; the passive state of mind.
(Bhaga) dissolution; cessation;
dissolving or waning moment.
(Bhagrika) a store-keeper or
treasurer.
(Bhakamma) close shaving; act
of shaving close.
(Bhatta) food; meal; boiled rice.
(Bhattakicca) taking a meal.
(Bhattuddesaka) one in charge of
the distribution of food; an elder who
supervises the distribution of food; super-
intendent of meals; issuer of meals.
(Bhaya) fear; fright; danger.
(Bhva) fixed nature; condition; state of being.
(Bhvan) development; mental culture;
meditation.
(Bhvanpadhna) the effort to
develop unrisen good; the effort to develop
wholesome states.
(Magala) festivity; good omen; auspice;
auspicious ceremony; (the thirty-eight)
blessings. adj. auspicious.
(Maapa) a pavilion; temporary shed;
square spired pavilion.
(Mada) intoxication; pride; sexual excess.
, (Manta) a charm; spell; incan-
tation; sacred or magical formula or invo-
cation; verbal formulas used as incantations in
342
resulting from mental development;
understanding through practice.
(Bhvanmaya) (merit) gained
through, or connected with, meditation;
merit accomplished by mental culture;
mental culture as a way of making merit.
(Bhvetabbadhamma) that
which is to be developed, i.e. the Noble
Eightfold Path.
(Bhsita) a saying.
(Bhikkh) alms; begged food.
(Bhikkhcra) going about for alms;
begging for alms.
(Bhikkhu) a Bhikkhu; Bhikshu; Buddhist
monk.
(Bhikkhun) a Bhikkhuni; Bhikshuni;
Buddhist nun.
(Bhta) 1. the elements of which the body is
composed. . 2. a living being; born
creature. 3. a ghost. 4. an Arahant.
(Bhmi) 1. ground; plane; stage; level. 2.
plane of existence; plane of consciousness.
(Bhesajja) medicine; drug.
(Bhoga) wealth; riches; possession;
enjoyment.
(Bhojana) food; meal.
(Bhojanya) fit to be eaten; soft food.
(Bhojanemattaut) mod-
eration in eating.
the magic of sound. .
, (Mana) mind; thinking function;
thinking faculty.
(Manasikra) attention; pondering;
attentiveness; advertence; mental appli-
cation; reflection.
(Manussa) a human being.
(Manussadhamma) humanity;
virtue of man; the Five Precepts.
 343

(Manussaloka) the human world; the Monkhood); greater denomination.

human realm; the world of humans.
(Manokamma) mental action; action
done by mind.
(Manodvra) the mind-door; mind-
avenue.
(Manoduccarita) evil mental action;
evil of mind or thoughts; misconduct by
mind; mental misconduct.
(Manodhtu) the mind-element; element
of apprehension; the ideational faculty.
(Manomayiddhi) the magic power of
the mind; mind-made magical power.
(Manovia) mind-consciousness;
the mind cognition.
(Manoviadhtu) mind- worth; detraction.
consciousness element.
. .
(Manosucarita) good mental action;
good conduct in thought.
(Mamakra) lit. the making of the
utterance my; selfish attachment; the notion
of my; my-making. . (Macchariya) meanness; avaricious-
(Maraa) death.
(Maraabhva*) death (of a monk or
novice).
(Maraasati) mindfulness of death;
meditation on death.
(Magga) the Path; the Way; the Noble
Path; the Noble Eightfold Path; the Path
leading to the Cessation of Suffering.
(Magganyaka*) lay leader of a
congregation (or, of a Wat lay community).
(Mala) dirt; impurity; stain; refuse; dust.
(Mah*) the title of a .
(Mahjtaka) the Great Birth Story;
story of the Buddha when he was born as
Prince Vessantara. .
(Mahtherasamgama*) Maha-
thera Council; Council of Elders; the Sangha
Supreme Council.
(Mahnikya*) the Mahnikya Sect;
Great Sect; Greater Sub-Order (of the Thai
.
(Mahpurisa) Great Man.
(Mahpurisalakkhaa) (the
thirty-two) marks of the Great Man.
(Mahbhinikkhamana) the
Great Renunciation; the going forth of the
Bodhisatta into the homeless life.
(Mahbhtarpa) (the four) primary
elements; great essentials; material qualities of
matter.
(Mahyna) the Great Vehicle; the
school of the Great Vehicle (of salvation); the
Northern School of Buddhism.
(Makkha) depreciation of anothers
, .
(Masavirati*) abstinence from meat;
vegetarianism.
(Maccu) death.
(Maccurja) the king of death; the Death.
ness; stinginess; possessiveness.
(Majja) an intoxicant.
(Majjhima) middler; a monk who has been
ordained between 5 and just under 10 years.
(Majjhimanikya) Collection of
Middle-length Discourses; Further
Dialogues of the Buddha; name of the
second of the five main divisions of the
Sutta Piaka.
.
(Majjhimayma) the middle watch
(from 10:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m.).
(Majjhim paipad) the Middle
Path; the Middle Way; the via media; the
golden mean. .
(Mattaut) moderation; temperance;
sense of proportion.
(Maddava) gentleness; softness.
(Majjhimadesa) the middle
country including the Ganges basin.

(Mghapj) Worship on the Full-Moon
Day of the third lunar month in commem-
oration of the Great Assembly of Disciples.
(Mtpituupahna) the support parts of the body, viz., head hair, body hair,
of mother and father; ministering to parents;
looking after parents.
(Mtik) 1. matrix; schedule; list;
heading. 2. (T.) funeral chanting (of Abhi-
dhamma matrices or schedules).
(Mtugma) a woman; womenfolk;
women (collectively).
(Mtughta) matricide.
(Mna) conceit; pride; inordinate feeling;
lust for power.
(Mnatta) penance.
(My) illusion; deceit; trick; the display of
an illusion.
(Mra) the Evil One; Death; the Tempter.
(Micchdihi) wrong view; false view.
(Mittapairpaka) a false friend; one
pretending to be a friend.
(Middha) torpor; drowsiness; languor.
; (Mukhapha) word of mouth;
verbal recital; oral tradition.
(Mudit) sympathetic joy; altruistic joy.
, (Muditkamma*) con-
gratulation.
, (Kaikropana*) (T.) the ceremony
of mounting the gable-finial.
(Yathbhtaadassana) time.
absolute knowledge; the knowledge and
vision according to reality; knowing and
seeing things as they are.
(Yama) the Lord of the Underworld; ruler of
the kingdom of the dead; death.
(Yamaka) The Book of Pairs; name of the
sixth book of the Abhidhamma Piaka.
(Yamakapihriya) the Twin Wonder;
the Twin Miracle; the miracle of the double
appearances, consisting in the appearance of
344
(Musvda) false speech; lying.
(Mla-kammahna) basic medi-
tation subject (comprising the five exposed
nails, teeth and skin).
(Paatti, Mlapaatti) root-
regulation; main rule; principal or primary rule.
(Mett) loving-kindness; friendliness;
goodwill.
(Methunadhamma) sexual inter-
course; coupling; coitus.
.
; (Moli) topknot (of hair on the crown of
the head).
(Mokkhadhamma) salvation; deliver-
ance; freedom.
(Mokkha) salvation; release; deliverance;
liberation; the state of disentanglement;
release; freedom.
(Moha) delusion; ignorance; dullness.
(Mohacarita) the unintelligent; the
ignorant; one whose habit is infatuation; a
man of foolish habits; the stupid- or dull-
natured; one of deluded temperament.
(Mohgati) wrong way of behaviour
consisting in delusion; prejudice caused by
delusion or stupidity.
phenomena of opposite character in pairs, as
streaming forth of fire and water at the same
(Yasa) glory; fame; repute; success; honour;
high position.
(Yakkha) 1. a demon. 2. an attendant of
Kuvera or Vessavaa. 3. a messenger of Yama. 4.
a fallen angel; deity. 5. Sakka. 6. any of the Four
Great Kings. 7. the individual soul.
(Yaa) 1. (in Hinduism) sacrifice; offerings. 2.
(in Buddhism) alms-giving; charity.
(Thavik) a small bag in which the monk
carries things; a monks bag; satchel.
 345

(Ym) the realm of the Yma gods; of about 10 miles, or 16 kIlometres.

name of the third heavenly abode, of which (Yoni) 1. origin; way of birth; place of
Suyma is the king. birth; realm of existence; source; (the four)
(Yebhuyyasik) decision according Modes of Births. 2. thoroughness; know-
to the majority. ledge; insight.
(Yoga) 1. effort; endeavour; application; (Yonisomanasikra) proper
undertaking. 2. bond; tie; attachment. attention; systematic attention; having
(Yogvacara) one who practises thorough method in ones thought; proper
spiritual exercise; meditator. consideration; wise consideration; thorough
(Yog) one who devotes himself to spiritual attention; critical reflection; genetical
things; an earnest student; one devoted to reflection; analytical reflection.
mental training; meditator. (Pos) appellation used by a monk for his
(Yojana) a measure of length; a distance parents or his patron or supporter.

(Rasa) 1. taste; sapid object; flavour. 2. monks); Chao Khun.
function. .
[ ] (Maha, Samanta-paghaa) (Rpa) 1. matter; form; material; body;
cloister. shape; corporeality. 2. object of the eye;
(Ratanattaya) the Triple Gem; the visible object.
Triple Jewel; the Three Jewels. (Rpajhna) Jhnas (Absorptions) of
(Ratta) an elder of long standing. the Fine-Material Sphere.
(Rga) lust; passion; excitement; greed; (Rparga) desire for life in the world
attachment. of form; craving for form; attachment to realms
(Rgacarita) the lustful; one whose of form; greed for fine-material existence.
habit is passion; one of passionate behav- (Rpaloka) the world of form; the Form
iour; the lustful-natured; one of lustful tem- Sphere.
perament. (Rprammaa) visible object.
(Rjabali) offering to the king or the (Rpvacarabhmi) the Plane of
government, as by paying taxes. Form; the Form Plane; Fine-Material Sphere.
(Rjavidhi*, Rjapjvidhi*) a royal , (Samantaycan*) request for donation;
ceremony. collection of voluntary contributions.
, (Rjgaayati, Casagharj*) (a (ratanaghara*) back plate
dignitary belonging to) the Royal Chapter (of

. (Isi) an ascetic; sage; seer.

(Puaplvana*) leaf-vessel floating; mark; distinguishing mark; prognosticative
the Loy Krathong Festival. mark; quality.
(Lakkhaa) a characteristic; sign; (Laddhi) a theory; view; doctrine.
 346

(Lbha) gain; acquisition. world. .

(Sikkha paccakkhti) to give up the (Lokdhipateyya) dependence on
Training; leave monkhood. . public opinion; following the influence of the
(Sm-nimitta, Nimitta) a boundary world; supremacy of the world; dominant
marker, boundary-marking stone. influence by (the censure of) the world.
(Lkhappamik) those who (Lokiya) adj. mundane; worldly; belonging
measure or judge by shabbiness; those to the world.
whose faith depends on shabbiness or (Lokuttara) adj. supramundane; tran-
miserable life. scendental; beyond these worlds.
(Loka) the world; a world; plane of existence. (Lokuttaradhamma) (the nine)
(Lokadhamma) (the eight) worldly supramundane states: the Four Paths, the
conditions; things of the world; worldly Four Fruits and Nibbna.
vicissitudes. (Lokuttarabhmi) the Supramundane
(Lokadhtu) a unit of the Universe; Plane (of consciousness).
world; sphere; another term for Cakkavla. (Lobha) greed; covetousness; acqui-
. sitiveness.
(Lokavajja) worldly fault; breach of (Lohituppda) wounding of a
the ordinary moral law; action reprehended Buddha; causing a Buddha to suffer a
in the world; that which is blamable by the contusion or to bleed.

(Vackamma) verbal action; deed by (Vihra, rma) Wat; a monastery; temple-
word; action performed by speech. monastery; (mis.) temple.
(Vacdvra) speech as a door of action; (Suavihra*) deserted monastery;
speech-door. uninhabited monastery.
(Vacduccarita) misbehaviour in (Gmikavihra*) private monastery;
words; misconduct by speech; verbal mis- community monastery.
conduct. (Rjavaravihra*, Rjvsa*) royal
(Vacviatti) verbal intimation; monastery.
verbal expression. (Vatthukma) objective sensuality;
(Vacsakhra) verbal formation, i.e. lovely sense-objects; sensual pleasures.
Vitakka and Vicra; verbal volition. (Magalavatthu*) amulet; talisman;
(Vacsucarita) good action in speech; fetish; lucky piece; charm; good-luck charm.
good conduct in word. (Vatta) duty; service; function; monastic
(Vagga) a group; party; chapter of a book. daily routine or service; custom; observance.
(Vaa) 1. colour of the skin; appear- (Kesoropaadivasa*) Shaving Day; the
ance; complexion; beauty. 2. caste. 3. fame; eve of a Buddhist holy day.
repute (Vasspanyikdivasa) the first
(Vaccaku) . day of the rains-retreat; beginning of the
(Vaa) the round of rebirth; the round of rains-residence; Rains-Entry Day.
existences; the cycle of rebirth. (Pavradivasa) the last day of the
. rains-residence, on which the Pavra

ceremony is performed; Pavra Day.
(Uposathadivasa) the Buddhist holy day;
Buddhist Sabbath; day of merit-making;
observance day.
(Puamdivasa) the full-moon day.
(Pavradivasa) the last day of
the rains-residence; end of the rains-retreat;
Retreat-Ending Day.
(Uposathadivasa) 1. 2.
observance day; the day on which the
Fundamental Rules of the Buddhist monks
are recited.
(Vaya) 1. (the three) ages; periods of life. 2.
decay; loss.
. cipline; an expert in the disciplinary code.
(Vc) speech; word; saying.
(Vda) theory; saying; doctrine; creed.
(Vyma) effort; endeavour; exertion;
striving.
(Vyodhtu) lit. the air-element;
motion; the element of motion; vibration.
(Vikkhambhanavimutti) deliver-
ance by suppression.
(Vikappa) to share ownership (of an extra
bowl or robe) with another monk.
(Vikla) improper time; wrong time;
unseemly hours; afternoon and night.
(Vicaya) investigation; (T.) research.
(Vicra) sustained application; discursive
thinking; deliberation.
(Vicikicch) doubt; perplexity; scepsis;
scepticism; indecision; uncertainty.
(Vijj) knowledge; transcendental
wisdom; the Threefold Knowledge
(Viatti) 1. intimation; expression. 2.
begging; (unlawful) request (for food and
other requisites); hinting.
(Via) consciousness; act of con-
sciousness; (T., mis.) soul; spirit.
(Viacyatana) the (Vipkacitta) resultant consciousness;
Realm of Infinity of Consciousness; the
Realm of Boundless Consciousness.
(Vi) a wise man.
347
(Vitakka) initial application; thought
conception; thought.
(Vitakkacarita) the discursive; the
ruminating-natured; one of speculative
temperament.
(Vthicitta) thought process; process of
cognition; a single unit of cognition; different
serial processes of cognition; conscious
mind.
(Vinaya) 1. discipline; the monastic
regulations; the code of monastic discipline;
the rules of discipline of the Order. 2.
training; guidance. 3. organization; system.
(Vinayadhara) one versed in the Dis-
.
(Vinayapiaka) the Basket of
Discipline; the Discipline Basket; the Book of
Discipline.
(Vinipta) bad falling; place of suffering;
perdition; birth of demons.
(Vipatti) failure; falling away; misfortune;
downfall; disadvantage; abortion; invalidity.
(Vipka) consequence; effect; result;
resultant; fruit.
(Vippaisra) remorse; repentance.
(Viparima) change; transformation;
alteration.
(Vipallsa) derangement; perversion;
perversity.
(Vipassan) insight; intuitive vision;
introspection; comtemplation; intuition;
insight development.
.
(Vipassandhura) the burden of
comtemplation; obligation of insight
development; task of meditation practice.
(Vipassan-bhvan) insight
development.
kamma resultant.
(Vibhavatah) craving for self-
annihilation; craving for (or attachment to)

sensual pleasures connected with the view of
nihilism; craving for non-existence.
(Vibhaga) the Book of Divisions; the
Book of Treatises; name of the second book
of the Abhidhamma Piaka.
(Vmas) investigation; reasoning;
reflection; examination; testing.
(Vimna) a celestial mansion; fairy-palace.
(Vimnavatthu) Stories of Celestial
Mansions; Stories of the Mansions; name of
the ninth division of the Khuddaka Nikya.
(Vimutti) deliverance; emancipation;
release; salvation; liberation; freedom.
(Vimuttisukha) Bliss of Emancipation;
bliss of freedom.
(Vimokkha) . (Maha; Samantapaghaa) cloister.
(Virati) abstinence; (the three) abstinences.
(Virga) detachment; dispassionateness;
absence of lust; destruction of passions.
(Viriya; Vriya) effort; energy; vigour;
endeavour; exertion; perseverance.
(Viriyrambha) application of exer-
tion; stirred-up energy; energetic effort.
(Vivaa) freedom from rebirth; absence
of the cycle of existence; Nibbna.
(Vivddhikaraa) legal questions
concerning disputes; contention (concerning
the Doctrine and the Discipline)
(Viveka) seclusion; solitude; detachment.
. (Veyyvaccamaya) (merit) to be
(Visajjan) answer; explanation;
exposition; elucidation.
(Visaya) 1. range; reach; scope; sphere;
realm; power; capacity. 2. sense-object.
(Viskhapj) Worship on the Full-Moon
Day of the sixth lunar month in commemoration
of the Buddhas Birth, Enlightenment and
Passing; the Buddhist New Year; the Festival of
the May Full Moon; widely known as Wesak or
Vesak, but preferably,Vesakh or Wesakh.
(Visugmasm) a land grant
348
(set apart for the Sangha of a monastery);
consecrated boundaries; consecrated area;
concession; a tract of land (now, usually a
small rectangular plot of ground) officially
granted to the Sangha for establishing the
boundaries of the jurisdiction of a community of
monks (now, for consecrating as the site of the
Uposatha hall of a monastery).
(Visuddhi) purity; purification; stage of
purity.
(Vihra) 1. a dwelling-place (for monks);
retreat; monastery; abode. 2. a state of mind;
mode of life. 3. (T.) a temple; repository of
Buddha images; Buddha-image hall; shrine-
hall.
(Vihisvitakka) cruel thought;
thought of cruelty; thought of violence.
.
(Vedan) feeling; sensation.
(Vedannupassan) the con-
templation of feelings; the contemplation of
sensations; mindfulness as regards feelings.
(Veneyya) one who is accessible to
instruction; one who is ready to receive the
Teaching (of the Buddha); a tractable person;
trainable person; teachable person.
(Veyyvacca) service; helpful
activity; attention; duty.
gained through, or connected with,
rendering ones services.
(Vera) enmity; hostile action; hatred;
revenge.
.
(Vesrajja) intrepidity; perfect self-
confidence.
.
(Veyyvaccakara) a servant; attend-
ant; monks agent; one who renders a
service; lay bursar (of a monastery).
 349

. (Ssancariya) a religious teacher;
(Saddhdeyya) a gift of faith; a gift moral instructor; missionary.
offered through faith. .
(Bhummadevahna*) (guardian-) (Ssanika) an adherent; follower.
spirit house. (rmika, Kappiyakraka, Bhikkhusissa)
(Sl) hall; pavilion; wayside shelter; monastery boy; monastery pupil; temple boy;
study and merit-making hall; public building; a monks pupil.
preaching hall; multipurpose hall. (Sla; Sikkhpada) 1. morality; moral con-
. duct. 2. a precept; rule of morality; training rule.
(Satthu) a teacher; master; (the Six) (Sla; Sucarita; cra) morality; morals.
Teachers; (T.) the founder of a religion. (Slcravatta*) moral conduct,
, (Satthu) the Master; the Great manners and duties; moral habits, mien and
Master; the Teacher. deportment; the way of behaving and
(Angatavattu*) a prophet. observing ones duties.
(Ssanasampatti*) ecclesiastical (Sudda) a person of the lowest caste; the
property; temporalities. workers; those who contribute the necessary
1 (Ssana) teaching; message; doctrine; physical labour; a Sudra; servant; menial;
the Dispensation. workpeople.
2 (Samaya, Dihi, Psaa) a religion. (Soka) grief; sorrow.

(Sakadgmiphala) the Fruit of Songkran Festival; water-throwing festival;
Once-Returning. the traditional Thai New Year.
(Sakadgmimagga) the Path (Sagaha) 1. to treat kindly; give
of Once-Returning. help; favour; aid. 2. to compile; collect;
, (Sakadgm) the Once- comprise; include; group.
Returner; one who has attained the second (Sagha) community; assemblage; a
stage of the Path and will be reborn on the chapter of (not less than four) Buddhist
earth only once before attaining the final monks; the Sangha; the Order; the Buddhist
emancipation. clergy; the Buddhist church; Holy Brotherhood.
(Sakalamahsagha- (Sasra, Sasracakka) lit. faring on;
pariyaka) top leader of the entire Great the Round of Rebirth; the Round of Exist-
Sangha; head of the national Sangha; the ence; the Wheel of Rebirth; the Wheel of
secondary title attached to the title of Life; the Life Process; Rebirth process; the
(Sagharja), i.e. the Supreme Process of Birth and Death.
Patriarch, or chief of the Buddhist Order of (Sati) mindfulness; attentiveness; detached
Thailand. watching; awareness.
(Sakavd) the affirmative; proposer. (Satipahna) (the four) Foundations
(Mahsakanti) (T.) the festival of Mindfulness; setting up of mindfulness.
celebrated on the day of the passage of the (Sativinaya) verdict of innocence;
Sun to Aries, the first sign of the Zodiac; procedure for the acquittal of an Arahant
 350

who has fully-developed mindfulness. highest dignitaries in the hierarchy of the

(Satekicch) adj. curable; amendable;
remediable. n. monastic offences which can be
corrected through some kinds of punishment,
i.e. all offences except the four grave ones
called Prjika. . , ~ .
(Thpa) a relic mound; reliquary mound;
tope; cairn; monument erected over the
ashes of a holy person; stupa.
(Sadrasantosa) contentment
with ones own wife.
. ment; accomplishment; advantage; fulfilment;
(Antaravsaka) inner garment; the under-
garment of a Buddhist monk, nun or novice;
the under robe.
(Sabrahmacr) a fellow monk;
fellow in the holy life; co-celibate.
(Sabhva) nature; condition; state; reality.
(Sabhvadhamma) principle of
nature; natural condition; natural pheno-
menon.
(Samajvit) balanced livelihood;
regular life; living economically; living within
ones means.
(Samaa) a recluse; a Buddhist monk.
(Samaadhamma) duties of a monk;
monastic observances.
(Samaa-brhmaa) recluses
and brahmins; ascetics and priests; the
recluses and mendicants of non-Vedic or
non-Brahmanical systems (such as Buddhism
and Jainism) and the brahmins of the
priestly caste of the Vedic religion.
(Samaasatti*) eccl. honorific rank;
title.
(Samaasa) awareness of ones
monkhood; consciousness of proper behaviour
of a monk; a monks sense of duty.
(Samaasruppa) a monks proper
behaviour; the mien and deportment appro-
priate to a monk.
(Samauddesa) a novice.
(Upasagharja*) Somdech; any of the
Thai Sangha, second only to the Supreme
Patriarch.
(Samatha) calm; tranquillity; quietude of
heart.
(Samathabhvan) concentration
development; the method and practice of
concentrating the mind; tranquillity de-
velopment.
(Sampatti) success; attainment; achieve-
happiness; bliss; fortune; wealth; prosperity;
perfection; soundness; validity.
.
.
, (Sammati; Sammuti) convention;
agreement; consent; authorization; appoint-
ment; election.
, (Sammatisagha;
Sammutisagha) sangha by convention; con-
ventional sangha; community of ordained
monks.
, (Sammatisacca;
Sammutisacca) conventional truth.
(Samdna) undertaking; observance;
acceptance. v. to undertake; take upon
oneself.
(Samdhi) concentration; one-
pointedness of mind; mental discipline.
(Samnattat) impartiality;
sociability; state of equality; even and equal
treatment; equality and participation.
(Sampatti) attainment; meditative
attainments.
(Samucchedavimutti) deliver-
ance by extirpation.
(Samuhna) origination; cause.
(Samudaya) the Cause of Suffering; the
Origin of Suffering.
, (Sayambh) the Self-Existent; an
epithet of the Buddha.
(Nhyati) v. (of a monk or novice) to
 351

bathe. ditioned by causes; things produced by

(Saraa) refuge; help; protection; guide; combination of causes; conditioned or com-
remembrance. pounded things.
, (Saraagamana, ~ (Sakhra) 1. compounded things;
gamana) taking refuge (in the Triple Gem); component things; conditioned things; the
going for refuge. world of phenomena; all things which have
(Sarabhaa) intoning; a particular been made up by pre-existing causes, (as in
mode of recitation (allowable to monks). Sabbe Sakhr anicc). 2. volitional
, (Pasas) praise; commen- activities; formation; kamma formations;
dation. mental formations; mental predispositions;
(Sarra) the (physical) body. volitional impulses; impulses and emotions;
(Salkabhatta) food to be distributed volition; all the mental factors except feeling
by tickets; ticket-food. and perception having volition as the constant
, (Pimokkhuddesa) recita- factor, (as in the Five Aggregates and in the
tion of the Fundamental Precepts of the Law of Causation). 3. essential conditions; the
Buddhist monks. v. to recite or chant the sum of the conditions or essential properties
Fundamental Precepts. . for a given process or result; constructing or
(Abhidhammabhaana*) funeral formative factors, (as in yusakhra, Kyasa
chanting (of Abhidhamma excerpts); requiem khra). 4. conducive factors; instigation (as in
chanting. Sasakhrika, Asakhrika).
, [ ] (ycan) prayer. v. to .
pray; chant; say a prayer. (Sagahavatthu) objects of sym-
, [] (Sajjhya, Uddesa, pathy; objects of favour; principles of kindly
Padabha, ~gyana, ~bhaana, Parittakaraa) treatment; principles of service and social
recitation; chanting (especially of protective integration.
verses); rehearsal. v. to recite (the Buddhas , (Sagti) rehearsal; a Council;
teachings); chant; chant the holy stanzas. general convocation of the Sangha in order to
(Sagga) a place of happiness; heaven; settle questions of doctrine and to fix the text
heavenly abode. of the Scriptures.
(Sahadhammika) co-religionists; (Saghakamma) an act or ceremony
fellow Dhamma-farer. performed by a chapter of Buddhist monks
(Sayatana) the six senses; sense- assembled in solemn conclave; a formal act.
bases; sense-organs; sense-spheres. (Saghagua) (the nine) virtues of the
(Saupdisesa-nibbna) Sangha.
Nibbna realized with the body remaining; (Saghadna) offering to the Order;
Nibbna with the substratum of life gift to the Sangha; offering dedicated to the
remaining. Sangha; gift dedicated to the Community as a
(Sakkyadihi) self-illusion; the whole.
delusion of self; belief in a personal self; (Saghanyaka*) Eccl. Prime Minister.
theory of soul; egoistic view. (Saghabheda) schism; causing
(Sakkra) honour; worship; hospitality. dissension among the Order; the creation of
. a schism in the Sangha.
(Sakhatadhamma) things con- (Saghamaala) the Order; the
 352

Monastic Order; the Sangha; the monkhood. .

Eccl. Minister. . (Sattvsa) (the nine) spheres in-
, (Sagharja) (His habited by beings; abodes of beings.
Holiness) the Supreme Patriarch. (Satthakaraya) business to
(Saghasabh) Eccl. Assembly. be attended to within seven days; grounds or
(Saghi) the outer robe of a Buddhist occasions on which monks are permitted to
monk. leave the rains-residence for the limited time
(Saghdisesa) an offence entailing of seven days.
initial and subsequent meetings of the (Sappurisa) a good, worthy man;
Sangha; Formal Meeting. righteous man; gentleman.
(Saghdhikra*) an ecclesiastical (Satta) a being; living being; creature;
official; eccl. administrative officer. person.
(Saghnussati) recollection of the (Saddrammaa) audible object;
Order; reflection on the virtue of the Sangha. sound.
(Saghvsa*) the monastic (Saddhamma) the true Dhamma; true
precincts; living quarters of the monks. doctrine; doctrine of the good; good law;
(Sayuttanikya) Collection of good principle.
Connected Discourses; Book of the Kindred (Saddhammapairpaka) false
Sayings; name of the third main division of doctrine; pseudo-Dhamma.
the Sutta Piaka. (Saddh) faith; confidence.
(Sayojana) (the ten) Fetters (that (Saddhcarita) the devout; the
bind man to the round of rebirth). faithful-natured; one of faithful temperament.
(Savara) restraint. (Saddhsampad) achievement
(Savarapadhna) the effort to of faith.
prevent the arising of unrisen evils; the effort (Saddhivihrika) a co-resident;
to avoid unwholesome states. pupil.
(Savsa) communion. .
(Savega) sense of urgency. (Santuhi, Santosa) contentment;
(Savejanyahna) a place apt satisfaction with whatever is ones own.
to rouse the sense of urgency; (the Four) (Santati) continuity (especially of con-
Holy Places of Buddhism. sciousness); a series of moments.
. (Santna) 1. continuity of subli-minal
(Sasedaja) moisture-born creatures. consciousness; the ever moving, flowing
(Sacca) truth; truthfulness. panorama of successive mental states. 2.
(Sacca) the truth; Truth. intrinsic or inherent qualities of character;
(Sacchiktabbadhamma) that inborn trait; innate character.
which is to be realized, i.e. the Cessation of (Santi) peace; tranquillity; calmness.
Suffering or Nibbna. .
(Saama, Sayama) restraint; self- (Sappya) 1. adj. beneficial; whole-
control; abstinence. some; suitable; favourable. 2. favourable
(Sa) perception; idea; ideation. condition.
(Sapaa*) commission; royal (Sappi) .
certificate of appointment. . .
 353

(Sappurisadhamma) virtue of the (Sammsati) Right Mindfulness; Right

righteous; (the seven) qualities of a good man. Attentiveness.
(Sabbautaa) omnis- (Sammsamdhi) Right Concen-
cience. tration.
(Sabba) the Omniscient One; an (Sammsambuddha) the Fully
epithet of the Buddha. (or Perfectly) Enlightened One.
(Sampajaa) clear comprehension; (Sammjva) Right Livelihood;
discrimination; circumspection; clear Right Living; Right Means of Livelihood;
consciousness; awareness. Right Pursuits.
(Sampad) achievement; fulfilment; (Sammukhvinaya) verdict in the
accomplishment; attainment; success; presence of (a Sangha, the persons and the
happiness. matter concerned, and the Doctrine and
(Samparya) a future life; the beyond; Discipline).
the hereafter; spirituality. (Sassatadihi) eternalism; the
(Samparya) a future existence; doctrine of the continuance of the soul after
next life; future life. death; the doctrine that soul and the world
(Samparyikattha) gain for the are eternal.
hereafter; future benefit; spiritual welfare; (Skacch) conversation; discussion.
sources of happiness in the future life. (Sjva) the code of discipline; all the
(Samphappalpa) frivolous talk; disciplinary rules abiding on the life of the
idle talk; vain talk. monk.
. , (Sheyya) hypocrisy; craft;
(Sambuddha) one who has been well treachery. .
enlightened or has thoroughly understood; a [].
Buddha; the Buddha. (Smaera) a novice; one who is
(Sambhaves) lit. seeking birth or ordained by taking the Three Refuges and
existence. 1. a living being at the first stage observes the Ten Precepts.
of life or during the birth-process; a being (Smaer) a female novice; female
yet to be born. 2. a being subject to rebirth; apprentice of a nun.
worldling. 3. (T.) a spirit seeking (or awaiting) (Smagg) concord; unity; harmony;
rebirth. . unanimity; union.
(Sammappadhna) (the Four) (Smaalakkhaa) the Common
Great Efforts; Supreme Efforts; Right Efforts. Characteristics (of component things), viz.,
(Sammkammanta) Right impermanence, state of conflict and not-self.
Action; Right Conduct; Right Behaviour. (Smcikamma) proper act of re-
(Sammdihi) Right View; Right spect; opportune gestures of respect.
Understanding. (Parittasutta*) sacred thread; sacred
(Sammvc) Right Speech. cord.
(Sammvyma) Right Effort; (Srambha) contention; vying; pre-
Right Endeavour; Right Exertion. sumption.
(Sammsakappa) Right Thought; (Sryadhamma) states of con-
Right Mental Attitude; Right Motives; Right ciliation; virtues for fraternal living.
Aspiration. .

(Svaka) a disciple; hearer; follower.
(Saghanivsa*, Saghaniketa*)
monastic residence; monks lodging.
(Savara) 1. to be composed; self-
controlled; restrained; decorous; sedate. 2.
commingled; mixed (food).
(Sikkhamn) a female novice
undergoing a probationary course of two years
(before receiving the higher ordination).
(Sikkh) learning; study; training; dis-
cipline.
(Sikkhpada) a disciplinary rule; rule
of morality; precept; training rule.
(Sm) a boundary; limit; precinct;
consecrated area (established by sanctioned
boundaries).
(Sla) morality; moral practice; moral
conduct; code of morality; Buddhist ethics; a
precept; rule of morality.
(Slamaya) (merit) to be gained through, or
connected with, morality.
(Slavisuddhi) purity of morality; puri-
fication of morality.
(Slasampad) achievement of vir-
tue; fulfilment of moral conduct.
(Slasmaat) equality in moral .
conduct; unity in moral or disciplinary prac-
tices.
. Returners are reborn.
(Slabbataparmsa) adher- (Subhsita) pleasant speech; well-
ence to mere rules and rituals; clinging to
rules and vows; overestimation regarding the
efficacy of rules and observances.
(Slabbatupdna) clinging to cloud the mind; intoxicants causing
mere rules and rituals; adherence to rites and
ceremonies; attachment to the belief in the
efficacy of religious ceremonies and rituals.
(Silnussati) recollection of morality;
reflection on the advantages of morality or
on ones own morals.
(Shaseyy) lying like a lion; lying on
the right side.
(Uppabbajati, Vibbhamati) v. to leave the
354 ,
Order; leave monkhood; disrobe. .
(Sukkhavipassaka) a dry-visioned
Arahant; bare-insight worker.
(Sukha) 1. happiness; ease; joy; comfort;
pleasure. 2. physical or bodily happiness or
ease.
(Sugata) the Happy One; the Well-Farer;
the Buddha.
(Sugati) (the two or twenty-seven) Happy
States; blissful states of existence; good
bourn.
(Sucarita) right conduct; good conduct;
uprightness.
(Suta) that which is heard or learnt;
hearing; learning.
(Suttanipta) Collected Discourses;
Woven Cadences of Early Buddhists; name
of the fifth division of the Khuddaka Nikya.
(Suttantapiaka) The Basket of
Discourses; The Basket of Sermons; the
second main division of the Pali Canon
containing discourses.
(Sutamayapa) understanding
acquired by learning; wisdom resulting from
study.
(Suddhvsa) (the Five) Pure Abodes
(in the Form Sphere) where the Non-
spoken words; a proverb.
(Surmerayamajja-
pamdahna) (taking) intoxicants tending to
carelessness.
(Suriyagati*) the system of a solar
calendar.
(Sutta; Suttanta) a discourse; dialogue;
aphorism.
, (Sutta; Suttapiaka) the discourses;
the original sermons and dialogues of the
Buddha. .
, (Sekha; Sekkha) the learner, i.e. one
 355

who is in the course of perfection; one who Stream-Entrance; Path of Stream-Attainment.

has reached one of the stages of holiness, (Sotadvra) the ear-door; ear-
except the last, and has yet to undergo a avenue.
higher training. (Sotavia) ear-consciousness.
(Sekhiyadhamma; Sekhiyavatta) (the (Somanassa) a pleasurable mental
seventy-five) rules for training; rules of good feeling; mental pleasure; glad-mindedness; joy;
breeding; the code of etiquette. delight.
(Sensana) sleeping and sitting; bed (Soracca) gentleness; meekness;
and seat; dwelling; lodging. suavity; gentility; refinement; mannerliness;
. graciousness.
(Sotpanna) a Stream-Enterer; (Sovacassat) state of being easy
Stream-Winner; one who has attained the to speak with; amenability to correction;
first stage of holiness. obedience; admonishability.
(Sotpattiphala) the Fruition of (Soasa) sixteen.
Stream-Entry; Fruit of Stream-Entrance. (Seyy) bed; bedding; sleep; rest; lying
(Sotpattimagga) the Path of down; reclining.

(Hasapda) crimson. base; the heart; the physical base of mental
(Suddhipaa*) identity card; iden- life.
tification papers. , .
(Pallakappama) lap-front measure; (Hasituppdacitta) smile-
the method of measuring the size of a cross- producing consciousness.
legged sitting Buddha image. (Hatthapsa) the distance within a
(Gahasikhara) gable; pediment. hands reach.
(Bhattagga) refectory. (Hiri) moral shame.
(Tipiaklaya*; Potthakgra*; Ganthlaya*) (Hnayna) the Lesser Vehicle; the
monastery library; Scripture Library; library of Smaller Vehicle; the Southern School of
sacred writings. Buddhism; Theravda.
(Gaighara) belfry; bell tower. (Hetu) a cause; causal condition; root-
(Sajjhyanasl*) chanting hall; cause.
hall for daily meeting and chanting. (Vandana, Namassana) v. to salute with
(Hadayavatthu) heart-base; mind- joined palms.

(Akata) ungrateful. of action; view of the inefficacy of action.
(Akarayakicca) deed which should .
not be done; improper action; unbefitting (Akusala) adj. unwholesome; demeri-
action. torious; immoral; kammically unwholesome;
(Aklamaraa) untimely death. unskilful. n. demerit; bad action.
(Akiriyadihi) lit. the theory of non- (Akusalakamma) an evil action;
action; the theory that there is no after-effect unwholesome action.

(Akusalakammapatha) (the ten-
fold) way of bad action; unwholesome course
of action.
(Akusalacitta) demeritorious thought;
immoral consciousness.
(Akusalamla) (the three) roots of evil;
the roots of bad actions; kammically
unwholesome roots; demeritorious roots.
(Akusalavitakka) unwholesome
thought.
(Agati) wrong way of behaviour; prejudice;
bias.
(Agocara) wrong pasture; wrong resort;
non-resorts for alms; improper haunts; evil
haunts.
(Aga) factor; constituent.
(Saghaplandhikra*) Board
of Eccl. Administration.
(Dhammapaksandhikra*)
Board of Propagation.
(Ssanasikkhdhikra*) Board of
Education.
(Sdhraakrdhikra*) tion; conviction.
Board of Public Works.
(Acinteyya) the (four) unthinkables.
(Atirekacvara) extra robe.
(Atirekalbha) extra acquisitions.
(Atithibali) offering to guests; reception.
(Atimna) pride; arrogance; contempt;
disdain; scorn.
(Atekicch) adj. incurable;
unamendable; irremediable. n. the four major
offences, called Prjika, which entail
expulsion from the Order. .
(Adinndna) taking what is not
given; stealing.
(Adukkhamasukha) neither pain nor
happiness; indifferent feeling. adj. neither
painful nor pleasurable.
(Adosa) non-hatred; non-anger; amity;
hatelessness.
(Adhamma) misconduct; unrighteous-
ness; injustice; false doctrine. adj. unjust;
356
unrighteous.
(Adhikamsa) intercalary month; (a
year with) an extra eighth lunar month.
(Adhikaraa) a case; question; affair;
lawsuit; dispute; disciplinary case of dispute;
legal process; legal question.
(Adhikaraasamatha) settling of a
case, a question, a dispute or a lawsuit;
transaction; settlement of legal processes.
(Adhikavra) intercalary lunar day; (a
year with) an extra day (15th of the seventh
waning moon).
(Adhikasuradina*) (T.) intercalary
solar day; (a year with) an extra day (29
February).
(Adhicittasikkh) training in
higher mentality; mental discipline.
(Adhipateyya) 1. supremacy. 2. (T.)
sovereignty.
(Adhipasikkh) training in
higher wisdom.
(Adhimokkha) determination; resolu-
(Adhislasikkh) training in higher
morality.
(Adhihna) resolve; decision; reso-
lution; determination. v. to determine (a robe
or a bowl) for regular personal use.
(Anabhijjh) non-covetousness; non-
avarice.
(Anattat) soullessness; egolessness.
(Anatt) adj. no-soul; soulless; not-self. n.
non-self; non-ego.
(Angmiphala) the Fruit of Never-
Returning; the Result of the Non-Returner.
(Angmimagga) the Path of
Never-Returning; the Path of the Non-
Returner.
, (Angm) a Never-Returner;
Non-Returner; one who has attained the
third stage of holiness.
(Angrika) lit. a homeless one; one
who enters the homeless life without
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formally entering the Sangha. ten) Reflections; recollection.

(Anicca) adj. impermanent; transient. (Anusaya) latent dispositions; underlying
(Aniccat) impermanence; transiency. tendencies; (the seven) Evil Inclinations or
(Anihrammaa) unpleasant or Biases.
unagreeable object. (Anusvan) announcement;
(Aniyata) Indefinite Rules; undetermined proclamation.
offence. (Anusvancariya) ordination-
(Anucara) follower; attendant; com- proclaiming teacher; (Second) Ordination-
panion; accompanier; retainer; retinue; Teacher.
entourage. (Anussanpihriya) the
(Anuk) a sub-subcommentary. miracle of teaching; the wonder worked by
(Anupaatti) auxiliary regulation; the instruction (of the Dhamma).
supplementary rule; additional rule. (Anesan) wrong way of earning ones
(Anupasampanna) one who has not living; improper search; improper livelihood.
yet received the full ordination; novices and (Apya) state of loss and woe; unhappy
the laity; unordained one. existence; sorrowful ways.
(Anupdinnaka) adj. not grasped (Apyabhmi) (the four) planes of loss
by craving or false view; kammically and woe; (the four) states of misery; (the four)
ungrasped. lower worlds; unhappy existence.
(Anupdisesa-nibbna) (Apyamukha) cause of ruin; ways of
Nibbna without any remainder of physical squandering wealth; ruinous ways of life;
existence; Nibbna without the Five vicious ways of conduct.
Aggregates remaining. (Apacyana) reverence; humility.
(Anupubbikath) a gradual (Apacyanamaya) (merit) to be
instruction; graduated sermon; regulated gained through being humble or respectful.
exposition of the ever more valued and (Apadna) Lives of Arahants; name
sublime subjects. of the thirteenth division of the Khuddaka
(Anubyajana) subsidiary charac- Nikya.
teristics. (Aparpariyavedanya-
(Anumodan) 1. thanks-giving; kamma) indefinitely effective kamma.
chanting the holy stanzas of blessings. 2. (Apalokana) v. to look towards for
rejoice; approval; appreciation; con- approval; consult; obtain an approval by
gratulation. consultation.
(Anurakkhanpadhna) the (Apalokanakamma) the act of
effort to maintain or augment arisen good. obtaining consent or permission by con-
(Anuloma) conforming; in proper order; in sultation.
forward order. (Abypda) non-hatred; absence of
(Anuvddhikaraa) legal ill-will; loving-kindness.
questions concerning accusations. (Abhijjh) covetousness.
(Anussana) advice; instruction. (Abhi) (five or six kinds of) Higher
(Anussancariya) a chaplain; Knowledge; Superknowledges; Supernormal
minister; religious or moral instructor. Powers; higher psychic powers.
(Anussati) constant mindfulness; (the (Abhidhamma) the Higher Doctrine;
 358

Further Dhamma; the analytic doctrine of the (Ariyaphala) the (four) Noble Fruits;
Buddhist Canon. Fruits of the Holy Life.
(Abhidhammapiaka) the Abhi- (Ariyamagga) 1. the (four) Noble
dhamma Piaka; the Basket of the Higher Paths; Sublime Paths of the Holy Life. 2. the
Doctrine. Noble (Eightfold) Path.
. (Ariyasacca) the Noble Truth; (Cattri
(Abhisamaya) attainment; realization; Ariyasaccni) the Four Noble Truths; the Four
penetration. Holy Truths.
(Abhisamcra) higher training in (Arpajhna) the (four) Absorptions of
proper conduct; higher practice of the train- the Formless Sphere.
ing; rules about decent conduct; specialized .
or minor precepts. (Arparga) desire for life in the
(Abhisambodhi) the supreme en- formless worlds; greed for the formless; greed
lightenment. for immaterial existence; attachment to
(Amata) the deathless state; ambrosia; formless realms.
Nibbna; immortal. (Arpaloka) the formless world; the
(Amhavinaya) verdict of past world of the formless; the Formless Realms;
insanity. the Immaterial Sphere.
(Amoha) non-delusion; wisdom; (Arpvacara) adj. belonging to the
knowledge; undeludedness. Formless Plane.
(Ayonisomanasikra) disorderly (Arpvacarabhmi) the Formless
or distracted attention; unsystematic attention; Plane; Formless Sphere; Immaterial Sphere.
improper or unwise consideration; lack of (Alajj) shameless monk; immoral monk.
analytic reflection. (Alobha) non-greed; greedlessness;
. liberality; generosity.
. (Avamagala) bad luck; ill omen; adj.
(Ahakath) a commentary. unlucky; unauspicious; (T.) funeral.
(Arahattaphala) the Fruit of the (Avahra) action of stealing.
Worthy One; the final stage of holiness; final (Avijj) ignorance; nescience; lack of
freedom. knowledge; delusion.
(Arahattamagga) the Path of the (Avirodhana) non-obstruction; non-
Worthy One; the Path of Arahatship. opposition; non-violation; non-deviation from
, (Arahanta) an Arahant; Arahat; the Dhamma.
worthy one; the Holy One; perfected one; .
one who has attained Nibbna. (Avci) the Avci Hell; the lowest hell.
(Arahantaghta) the murder of an (Asakheyya) incalculable.
Arahant. (Asadisadna) Unparalleled Gift;
(Araavs) one who dwells in the incomparable alms-giving.
forest; forest-dwelling monk; the forest order. (Asakhatadhamma) that which is
(Ariyadhana) the sublime treasure; not conditioned by any cause; the
noble treasure; noble wealth. Unconditioned; Nibbna.
(Ariyapuggala) a noble individual; (Asubha) 1. ugly; loathsome. n. loath-
noble one; holy person. someness; impurity. 2. a corpse.
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(Asurakya) the plane of Asura Mortification; the constant attachment to

demons; demons. Self-Mortification.
(Asekha) one who does not require any (Attavdupdna) attachment
further training; an Arahant; the adept. to the self- (or soul-) theory; the belief in a
(Ahakra) lit. the making of the persistent self or soul; clinging to the Ego-
utterance I; egoity; egotism; ego- belief.
consciousness; the concept of I; I-making; (Attasammpaidhi) setting
(T.) arrogance; haughtiness. . oneself in the right course; aspiring and
, (Ahis, Avihis) non- directing oneself in the right way; perfect
violence; non-harming; inoffensiveness; non- self-adjustment; thorough pursuit or devel-
injury. opment of ones personality.
(Ahetukadihi) lit. the theory of (Attaut) the quality of one who
causelessness; the theory that there is no knows oneself; knowing oneself.
cause of a phenomenon; doctrine of non- (Att) 1. self; soul; ego; personal entity.
causality. . 2. mind; the whole personality.
(Ahosikamma) defunct kamma; an (Attdhipateyya) self-dependence;
act or thought which has no longer any self-reliance; supremacy of self; dominant
potential force. influence by oneself (or by self-regard).
(Akkodha) non-anger; freedom from (Attha) 1. meaning; the spirit; the correct
hatred. sense; essence. 2. benefit; advantage; gain;
(Aggasvaka) the most distinguished welfare; the good. 3. goal; purpose.
disciples; (the two) Chief Disciples, i.e. Sri- (Atthacariy) benefaction; useful
putta and Mahmoggallna conduct or behaviour; doing a favour; life of
(Agra) 1. charcoal; ashes. 2. ash; the service; doing good.
ashes, especially of the Buddha. (Atthapaisambhid) knowledge
(Parivisana) v. to serve with food; wait of the meaning (of words); the Discrimination
upon at a meal. of the Meaning; analytic insight of
(Aguttaranikya) the collection consequence.
of discourses arranged in accordance with (Atthaut) the quality of one who
number; Adding-One Collection; Collection of knows what is useful or who knows the
Numerical Sayings; the Book of the Gradual correct meaning of something; knowledge of
Sayings; name of the fourth main division of the meaning; knowing the purpose; knowing
the Sutta Piaka. the consequence.
(Asa) 1. a part; side. 2. shoulder. 3. (T.) (Attabhva) personality; individuality.
shoulder piece; chest cloth; the sleeveless (Antaghikadihi) (the ten)
one-shouldered singlet of a monk. views taking extreme sides; the view of the
(Acchariya) adj. wonderful; marvellous; extremist; extremist view.
astonishing; exceptional; extraordinary; (T.) (Antaravsaka) .
genius. (Ant) extremes (the two extremes).
. (Antimavatthu) an extreme offence;
(Aaja) egg-born creatures; the ultimate or worst transgression; Defeat;
oviparous. Prjika offence.
(Attakilamathnuyoga) Self- (Antevsika) lit. one who lives in; a
 360

monk who lives under his teacher; a pupil; carefulness.

apprentice. (Appicchat) paucity of wishes;
(Appansamdhi) fixed concen- frugality; desiring little; simplicity.
tration; established concentration; full con- (Abbohrika) insignificant; negli-
centration; attainment-concentration; gible; ineffective.
absorption concentration. (Abykata; Avykata) adj. indeter-
(Appama) the Unbounded minate; neutral; unexplained.
States; the Illimitables. (Assda) enjoyment; attraction;
(Appamda) non-negligence; satisfaction; gratification; advantage.
heedfulness; zeal; diligence; earnestness; (Asssa) in-breathing; inhalation.

[] (ksa) space. vellous ability of mind-reading or guessing
(ksnacyatana) the other peoples character; marvel of thought-
Sphere of Unbounded Space; the Realm of reading.
Infinity of Space. (npnasati) mindfulness on
(kicayatana) the breathing; mindfulness regarding breathing.
Sphere (or Realm) of Nothingness. (nisasa) profit; merit; good result;
(gantuka) a guest; new-comer; advantage.
stranger. (patti) an ecclesiastical offence; offence.
(ghta) malice; hatred; revengefulness. (pattdhikaraa) legal ques-
(cra) conduct; behaviour. tions concerning offences; legal processes
(cariya) a teacher; regular instructor. concerning committed offences, the
(ciakamma) habitual kamma; awarding of them and the atonement for
habitual act. them.
honesty; integrity. (podhtu) lit. the liquid element;
(jvaka) a kind of non-Buddhist water; cohesion; the element of cohesion.
ascetics, mostly naked. (misa) food; flesh; materiality; material
(jvaprisuddhisla) discipline things. adj. material; physical; carnal.
as regards purity of livelihood; Purity of (misadna) donation of requisites
Conduct connected with Livelihood. (i.e. food, lodging, etc.); material gifts.
(Att; Sanskrit: tman) the self; soul. (yatana) the Twelve Spheres; the
(dikammika) 1. name of the first Twelve Bases; bases. : sense-organs;
main division of the Vinaya Piaka. 2. the the (six) senses; sense-bases; sense-fields.
beginner; the first transgressor; the first doer. : sense-objects and mind-object.
(dibrahmacariya) rudiments (yu) 1. age; life-span. 2. longevity; long
of the training in the Holy Life; fundamentals life.
of the Sublime Life; fundamental or major (yusakhra) constituents of life;
precepts. vital principle. .
, (dnava) disadvantage; peril; (rammaa) sense-objects; an object of
defect; danger. consciousness.
(desanpihriya) mar- (rakkhasampad) the achieve-
 361

ment of protection; to be endowed with (Iss) envy; jealousy.

wariness or watchfulness. (Ukkhepanyakamma) the formal
(rmika) monastery-attendant. act of suspension; ostracism.
(Saghsana*) monks seat; dais or (Uggahanimitta) mental image;
raised platform for monks. learning sign; sign to be grasped.
(sva) mental intoxication or defilement; (Ucchedadihi) annihilationism; the
worldly influxes; accumulation; outflows; doctrine of the annihilation (of the soul);
corruption; canker; taint; pollution. belief in the annihilation of the soul.
(savakkhayaa) the know- (Uhnasampad) the achieve-
ledge of the cessation of mental intoxication; ment of persistent effort.
knowledge of the destruction of cankers; (Uttarsaga) the upper robe.
knowledge that the outflows are extinct. (Uttarimanussadhamma) super-
(sannakamma) death-proximate human state; extraordinary attainment.
kamma; a kamma done immediately before (Utuniyma) physical inorganic order;
death; proximate kamma. physical laws.
(shapj) worship on the full- (Uddesikacetiya) shrine by dedi-
moon day of the sha month (the eighth cation; memorial object of worship referring
lunar month) in commemoration of the First to the Buddha, i.e. a Buddha image.
Sermon and the foundation of the Buddhist (Uddhacca) restlessness; unrest;
order. distraction; flurry.
(hra) food; nutriment. (Uddhaccakukkucca) restless-
(Icch) 1. desire. 2. (T.) . ness and worry; flurry and worry; restless-
(Itivuttaka) Thus said Discourses; ness and anxiety.
name of the fourth division of the Khuddaka (Udna) an utterance; a paean; Paeans of
Nikya. Joy; the Solemn Utterances of the Buddha;
(Iddhi) success; supernormal power; name of the third division of the Khuddaka
psychic power; magical power. Nikya.
(Iddhipda) the Four Paths of Accom- , (Pattidna, Dakkhidisana)
plishment; Means of Accomplishment; the dedication or transference of merit; radiation of
means of accomplishing ones own end or merit.
purpose; the four Roads to Power; basis for (Upya) means; method; resource; ex-
success. pedient.
(Iddhipihriya) a wonder of (Upsaka) lit. one who comes or sits
psychic power; marvel; miracle. near; a lay devotee; a devout or faithful
(Iddhividhi) psychic powers; different layman; lay Buddhist.
psychic powers; various magical powers. (Upsik) a female devotee; a female
(Indriya) 1. the sense-faculties; the lay follower.
sense-forces. 2. spiritual faculties; faculties. (Upekkh) 1. equanimity; even-
(Indriyasavarasla) discipline mindedness; neutrality; poise. 2. indifference;
as regards sense-restraint; Sense-Restraint; neutral feeling; neither pleasurable nor
purity of conduct consisting in the restraint painful feeling.
of the senses. (Uposatha) 1. observance; the observance
(Iriypatha) deportment; posture. of the Eight Precepts. 2. biweekly recitation of
 362

the Vinaya rules by a chapter of Buddhist ceptor.

monks; the days for special meetings of the (Upatthambhakakamma) suppor-
order, and for recitation of the Pimokkha. 3. tive kamma.
the Uposatha hall; consecrated assembly hall. (Updna) attachment; clinging;
(Uposathasla) the Eight Precepts grasping.
observed by lay devotees on Uposatha days. (Updnakkhandha) aggregate
(Upakkilesa) impurity; defilement. (as object) of clinging.
(Upaghtakakamma) destructive (Updyarpa) the Derivatives;
kamma. derivative or secondary material properties
(Upacra) neighbourhood; surrounding dependent on the Four Great Essentials;
area. material qualities derived from the Four
(Upacrasamdhi) proximate Great Essentials; derivative matter.
concentration; approaching concentration; (Updinnaka) lit. grasped by crav-
neighbourhood-concentration; access- ing and false view; kammically acquired;
concentration. kammically grasped.
, (Upahka) attendant; lay (Upysa) despair.
supporter. ; (Ubbegpti; Ubbeg-
(Upanha) ill-will; grudge; enmity. pti) uplifting joy; thrilling emotion.
(Upapajjavedanyakamma) (Ekaggat) one-pointedness (of mind);
subsequently effective kamma; kamma ripening mental one-pointedness; concentration.
in the next life. (Etadagga) foremost; first or best of
(Uppda) arising; genesis. that class or type.
(Upapakakamma) obstructive (Okkantikpti) oscillating
kamma; counteractive kamma. interest; showering joy.
(Upam) simile; parable. (Oj) nutritive essence; nutriment.
(Upasampad) full (or higher) ordi- (Ottappa) moral fear; moral dread.
nation; taking up the Bhikkhuship; Full (Opaptika) creatures having spon-
Admission to the Sangha; Ordination Cere- taneous births.
mony. v. to be ordained; enter the monkhood; (Ovda) admonition; exhortation; advice.
join the Order. (Ovdapimokkha) the Prin-
(Upasampanna) the ordained; a cipal Teaching; the Fundamental Teaching;
Bhikkhu or Bhikkhun. exhortatory Pimokkha.
(Upajjhya) a spiritual teacher; pre-